Author(s): Mainul Islam, Nurunnahar Akhi, Amena Begum, Tanjina Binte Amin

Abstract: In this paper explores the complicated rapport-building perceptions among the concepts of psychological-alienation, conditional-love, and the sense of ancestral obligation as rendered in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis. Although the changing appearance of Gregor Samsa into a vermin can easily be connected with nervousness over identity-crisis or social-isolation, for this instance, this paper will dedicatedly endeavor to elucidate the underlying tragedy not related with the familial relationships and the sensitive matters as well as psychological dynamics they require. Gregor’s transformation is predicated on an overemphasis on the sense of obligation he owes to his family as he continually relinquishes his own wishes in favor of guaranteeing fiscal expediency for his siblings. Then again, he is no longer capable of serving this economic tenacity to his family, as soon as the entire fondness presented to him becomes lucid as to its conditional position of bonding. This insight pursues to elucidate a helpless man Samsa by means of the transformation in The Metamorphosis a vermin merely aids to accentuate the long-existing sense of isolation in the protagonist as Kafka’s own work epitomizes exactly how societies and familial structures can concentrate people invisible even when they are still human

Keywords: Alienation, Fiscal Expediency, Identity-Crisis, Sense of Isolation, Vermin.

Article Info: Received:28 Dec 2025; Received in revised form: 25 Jan 2026; Accepted: 30 Jan 2026; Available online: 02 Feb 2026

DOI: 10.22161/ijels.111.27