Author: Li Guanghua

Abstract: Hawthorne was a feminist forerunner, which is largely due to the influences exerted on him by women who were close to him. By examining his fictional portrayal of Hester in The Scarlet Letter, the author finds that Hawthornemade a subversive woman his spokesperson voice his feminist ideas and refute the concept of manhood and masculinity of his day.

Keywords: feminist ideas, Hester, manhood, The Scarlet Letter.

DOI: 10.22161/ijels.46.3