Author(s): Amrit Lal Jaiswal

Abstract: This paper discusses the effect of extreme weather especially rains resulting to floods on male migration. Directly and indirectly many socio-economic situations emerge in areas of Ganga basin due to this extremity of weather. People in this region face floods in monsoons and respectively droughts in the next summer which affect their livelihood and well being. Due to continuous recurrence of this situation agriculture is no more beneficial for them, not even for survival. So men are migrating towards cities for better job and livelihood. But this extreme weather situation, a by-product of climate change affects the men and women in different ways. Men migrate from villages and women remain at home. Absences of male countrrparts push women to take part in agriculture activities as cultivators or agriculture labours. In other words climate change affects the women adversely because now women work in agriculture with household activities. Due to this change women are participating more compare to male and this situation is known feminization of agriculture which is happening in Ganga basin region of Bhojpur district of Bihar. Various other socio economic changes are happening due to this climate change like changing form of agriculture land, crop pattern, and changing farmers’ role. Finally this paper concludes different potential policies to minimise the affect of climate change and tackle with emerging situations.

Keywords: Climate change, Floods, Migration, Feminization of agriculture, Ganga Basin

Article Info: Received: 11 Sep 2025; Received in revised form: 08 Oct 2025; Accepted: 12 Oct 2025; Available online: 15 Oct 2025

DOI: 10.22161/ijels.105.58