Author(s): Dr. Sarbani Sankar Panigrahi

Abstract: This article explores the intersection of Marxist theory and literary creation by examining the social and economic contexts that shape literary works. Building on the foundational Marxist concepts of base and superstructure, class struggle, and ideology, the paper argues that literature cannot be understood in isolation from the material conditions in which it is produced. The article challenges traditional formalist approaches that prioritize the text itself over its external influences, advocating instead for a reading of literature as a product of its socio-economic environment. By analyzing literary works as reflections and critiques of class relations, the paper demonstrates how authors engage with and respond to the social forces around them, consciously or unconsciously reflecting the contradictions of their time. Furthermore, the article interrogates the role of ideology in literature, showing how dominant cultural narratives often serve the interests of the ruling class, while subversive works can reveal the tensions and potential for change within capitalist societies. Drawing on examples from both canonical and contemporary texts, the paper examines how Marxist criticism can uncover the ways in which literature both shapes and is shaped by the material realities of class, power, and production. The article concludes by asserting that a Marxist approach to literary criticism not only illuminates the historical and political forces at play in literary creation but also provides a powerful tool for critiquing the ongoing social inequalities in today’s world.

Keywords: base,class struggle,social reality,superstructure.

Article Info: Received: 08 Apr 2025; Received in revised form: 05 May 2025; Accepted: 10 May 2025; Available online: 15 May 2025

DOI: 10.22161/ijels.103.15