Author(s): Yuru Tong

Abstract: Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun remains a watershed moment in American theater, yet critical discourse surrounding its protagonist, Walter Lee Younger, often reduces his trajectory to a simplistic moral triumph. This essay moves beyond such readings by applying Greimas’s actantial model to map the structural logic underpinning Walter Lee’s transformation. Rather than charting a conventional arc of improvement, his growth is a fundamental restructuring of his relationship to the object of desire. Initially positioned as a passive receiver of his deceased father’s legacy, Walter Lee becomes ensnared by a distorted object: wealth as a proxy for dignity. This deviation destabilizes the actantial structure, reconfiguring his family as opponents and his friend Willy Harris as a false helper. Only through the crucible of betrayal and the temptation of Lindner’s bribe does Walter Lee recognize that accepting white paternalism would foreclose not only his father’s dream but also his son’s future. His final refusal constitutes not capitulation but reclamation—a conscious repossession of dignity as the authentic object. By exposing the deep structural mechanics of Walter Lee’s awakening, this essay argues that Hansberry scripts a vision of Black masculinity rooted not in material acquisition but in subjective agency and generational honor, advancing an understanding of dramatic form as a vehicle for articulating minoritarian identity formation under systemic duress.

Keywords: A Raisin in the Sun, actantial model, dream, American Drama

Article Info: Received: 27 Jan 2026; Received in revised form: 25 Feb 2026; Accepted: 01 Mar 2026; Available online: 06 Mar 2026

DOI: 10.22161/ijels.112.5