Author(s): Ma. Bonissa A. Ole

Abstract: This study analyzed the criteria utilized by the different K9 providers in selecting puppies for training to optimize the production of proficient explosive detection dogs. Using a mixed-method research design, specifically concurrent triangulation, the research explored the different criteria used by various K9 providers in selecting puppies. Data were collected through guided survey-interview questions. Results showed that most K9 providers in the Philippines selected puppies aged 3-5 months, and both male and female puppies were equally chosen. Although medium-sized breeds are preferred, the results revealed that Labrador Retrieves and Belgian Malinois are the most preferred breeds. Regarding general health, K9 providers place importance on the skin and coat and the nervous system. Moreover, completely immunized puppies are preferred. Among the behavioral factors considered, trainability emerged as the most highly valued. Meanwhile, K9 providers consistently conduct subtests under the environmental tests, along with reward focus and persistence, search test, and sudden appearance subtests. Breeding is the top choice for obtaining puppies; however, procurement is also widely used. K9 providers face various challenges during the selection process, including health concerns, the availability of quality puppies, the selection system and cost. However, despite these challenges, the current practices of K9 providers achieve notable success rates. This study recommends standardizing puppy selection criteria with a scoring system, strengthening breeding programs to produce healthy working lines, and improving the selection process through collaboration between private and government K9 providers. Future research should explore the connection between selection criteria and the success rates of explosive detection dogs.

Keywords: Explosive Detection Dog, Philippines, Philippine Coast Guard, Selection Criteria, Working Dog

Article Info: Received: 23 Aug 2025; Received in revised form: 19 Sep 2025; Accepted: 23 Sep 2025; Available online: 27 Sep 2025

DOI: 10.22161/ijels.105.32