Author: Prof. (Dr.) Satvir Singh, Ritika

Abstract: Actually, the monsoon is a seasonal process formed due to the shifting of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Tropic of Cancer during summer. India’s summer monsoon is a lifeline for its agriculture, economy, and overall sustenance. A successful monsoon season brings growth, stability, and prosperity, while a failed one can lead to drought, hunger, and economic hardship. Understanding monsoon is essential for managing agriculture, water resources, and disaster preparedness in affected regions. Despite ongoing research, there remains a limited understanding of the underlying causes and regional-scale manifestations of these changing rainfall patterns. This study aims to address these gaps by analyzing the spatial and temporal changes in summer monsoon rainfall over North-West (NW) India and identifying possible climatic drivers behind these shifts.

Keywords: agriculture, summer monsoon, rainfall patterns, remote sensing data, climatic drivers, ITCZ.

Article Info: Received: 23 Nov 2025; Received in revised form: 20 Dec 2025; Accepted: 28 Dec 2025; Available online: 31 Dec 2025

DOI: 10.22161/ijels.106.82