Author(s): Pragya, Dr. Sudesh

Abstract: The present study examines the trends and challenges of the sex ratio in Haryana, a state that has recorded lowest figures in India. Using secondary data from the Census of India and Sample Registration System (2015–2023), the paper traces changes in Haryana’s sex ratio and explores the social, cultural, and economic factors that continue to influence family preferences for sons over daughters. Although government interventions such as the PC-PNDT (Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection Act, 1994), Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Laadli, and Aapki Beti Hamari Beti have contributed to short-term improvements, particularly around 2019–2020, recent declines show that the problem remains deeply embedded in patriarchal norms, safety concerns, and economic pressures on the family. To provide a contrast, the paper refers to Kerala — the state with the highest sex ratio in the country — where female literacy, healthcare, and social development have consistently created a favourable balance as a role model. By examining Kerala’s experience, the study identifies key lessons for Haryana, suggesting that sustainable progress can only come through consistent long-term investments in education, health, safety, and community-level attitude change, ensuring that daughters are valued equally within families and society.

Keywords: Sex Ratio, Census, Sample Registration System, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Laadli, Aapki Beti Hamari Beti, Female Literacy, Healthcare, Social Development.

Article Info: Received: 30 May 2025; Received in revised form: 25 Jun 2025; Accepted: 27 Jun 2025; Available online: 30 Jun 2025

DOI: 10.22161/ijels.103.114