Socio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in Tom Wolfe’s The Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) and Michael Lewis’s Liar’s Poker (1989)

— Wall Street's historical journey, from the Buttonwood Agreement to the Great Depression and the latter half of the 20th century, unfolds as a dynamic tale of growth and challenges. The Agreement of 1792 beneath a buttonwood tree marked a transformative moment, laying the foundation for organized trading and shaping Wall Street into a global financial hub. The 19th century saw the rise of diverse financial institutions, solidifying Wall Street's role in the American financial system. Despite facing challenges like the Panic of 1873, Wall Street demonstrated resilience, becoming instrumental in financing the nation's industrial expansion. The Gilded Age propelled Wall Street to global prominence, with the emergence of the New York Stock Exchange contributing to the myth of the "Master of the Universe." The Roaring Twenties brought both prosperity and societal flaws, as the pursuit of material wealth and excess sowed the seeds for moral decay. Understanding this historical context is crucial for exploring evolving cultural representations. Focusing on literature from the 1980s, specifically Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989), this study adopts a structuralist approach. Through evaluating symbols, archetypes, and cultural codes, the analysis contributes to a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between finance and broader societal and cultural contexts.


INTRODUCTION
The historical trajectory of Wall Street, from the Buttonwood Agreement to the Great Depression in 1929, unfolds as a captivating narrative of growth, expansion, and the formidable challenges encountered by the burgeoning financial center.This period witnessed the metamorphosis of Wall Street from a local trading hub into a global financial powerhouse, ultimately facing the catastrophic economic collapse that precipitated the Great Depression.The latter half of the 20th century marked a period of economic boom and profound socio-economic changes, leaving an indelible impact on society due to the fervent pursuit of material success and excess, exacerbated by the promotion of moral decay.
In tracing the origins, the Buttonwood Agreement of 1792, signed beneath a buttonwood tree, emerges as a pivotal moment, laying the groundwork for organized trading in New York City.This informal pact not only established the principles of trading securities but also played a transformative role in shaping Wall Street into a vital marketplace.As the 19th century unfolded, Wall Street evolved into a hub for diverse financial institutions, including banks, investment banks, insurance companies, commodity exchanges, and the stock exchange.These institutions became integral to shaping the American financial system and fostering Wall Street's development as a central hub for finance.

Ndao
Socio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) and Michael Lewis's Liar 's Poker (1989).
IJELS-2024, 9(1), (ISSN: 2456-7620) (Int.J of Eng.Lit. and Soc.Sci.) https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.91. 3 15 The 19th century saw the emergence of banks offering crucial financial services, investment banks facilitating capital raising, and insurance companies providing protection against various risks.Commodity exchanges, such as the Coffee Exchange and the Cotton Exchange, contributed to efficient markets and played a role in the eventual development of stock exchanges.The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) rose to prominence during this era, becoming a regulated platform for trading stocks and securities and a central force in raising capital.
The latter half of the 19th century, known as the Gilded Age, witnessed unprecedented economic expansion and technological advancement, propelling Wall Street into a global financial hub.Merchant houses, brokerage firms, and clearinghouses became instrumental in facilitating trade and reducing risks associated with the increasing trading volumes.Despite facing challenges like the Panic of 1873, Wall Street demonstrated resilience, playing a pivotal role in financing the nation's industrial expansion.
The subsequent emergence of the New York Stock Exchange and traders therein contributed to shaping the myth of the "Master of the Universe," portraying the world of finance as a realm of power, greed, excess, and moral decay.The Roaring Twenties ushered in a period of exuberance and speculation, marked by economic growth, investment trusts, and margin trading.This prosperity, however, sowed the seeds for societal flaws and moral decay as a consequence of the relentless pursuit of material wealth and voyeurism.
Contextualizing this historical narrative is crucial to understanding the evolving cultural representations of Wall Street.This analysis delves into the socio-economic themes embedded in these representations, spanning wealth disparity, moral decay, corporate ethics, financial crises, and the human impact of financial decisions.The study aims to critically evaluate how Wall Street is portrayed in popular culture, particularly in literature.
While various media forms offer avenues for exploration, this study narrows its focus to literature and delves into two exceptional literary works that provide cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street during the 1980s.Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities, 1987, and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, 1989, serve as bedrocks for analysis, offering insights into the societal impacts of the financial world during a period of significant economic and cultural change.
Adopting a structuralist approach, the analysis draws on literature, cultural studies, sociology, economics, and ethics to illuminate the cultural, societal, and ethical dimensions of Wall Street as portrayed in these novels.The subsequent sections of this study will analyze symbols, systems, and archetypes in both novels, followed by an examination of language, semiotics, and cultural codes.The article will commence with a theoretical framework derived from a structuralist approach, exploring the cultural impact of these novels and drawing meaningful comparisons.Ultimately, the study seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between finance and the broader social and cultural context in which it operates.

II. EXPLORING THE SOCIO-CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF WALL STREET IN THE 1980S: A STRUCTURALIST ANALYSIS
Contextualizing within Historical and Cultural Shifts is utmost important as this analysis will consider the historical context of the 1980s, a period marked by significant economic shifts, financial innovation, and cultural transformations.It helps understanding how these novels reflect and respond to the cultural climate of their time enhances the depth of analysis.The 1980s stands as a pivotal era marked by substantial economic shifts, financial innovation, and cultural transformations.To unravel the societal impact and intricate portrayals of Wall Street during this dynamic period, this analysis employs a structuralist approach, contextualizing Tom Wolfe's "The Bonfire of the Vanities" and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker within the historical and cultural shifts of the time.By understanding how these novels reflect and respond to the cultural climate of the 1980s, we gain profound insights into their contributions to literary and cultural representations.
While the study focuses on selected novels, it acknowledges that other cultural representations exist.The chosen novels are considered as significant case studies rather than exhaustive representations.The analysis may not encompass every aspect of cultural representation but will provide a detailed exploration within its defined scope.The scope of analysis involves a focused examination of cultural representations of Wall Street across multiple mediums, with a specific emphasis on literary works.By limiting the study to Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, the analysis aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the societal impact and intricate portrayals of Wall Street during a pivotal period in contemporary history.) Before delving into the novels, it's crucial to establish a comprehensive understanding of the structuralist approach in literary and cultural analysis.Emerging in the mid-20th century, structuralism transcends disciplines, encompassing linguistics, anthropology, literary theory, and cultural studies.At its core, structuralism seeks to unravel the universal structures and patterns governing human thought and behavior, assuming that underlying structures shape our experiences, language, and cultural phenomena.Other structural elements may also be convened.In fact, structuralism emphasizes the examination of structural elements within a system.In literature, this could include narrative elements, character roles, and plot structures.
Understanding how these elements interact helps reveal the underlying structures governing the text.First are symbolic systems which carry meanings beyond their literal representation.explore how symbols operate within a system, contributing to the overall structure and conveying deeper cultural or psychological significance.
In "The Bonfire of the Vanities" by Tom Wolfe, cultural codes are exposed and examined through the lens of structuralism, revealing shared systems of meaning within the culture of 1980s New York City.Structuralism, as an analytical framework, seeks to understand how underlying structures and codes shape our perceptions and interpretations of the world.Cultural codes refer to the shared systems of meaning within a culture.Structuralism examines how these codes shape our understanding of the world, influencing language, beliefs, and social practices.
There are different ways in which cultural codes are explored in the novel.First is through social class and hierarchies.In fact, the novel meticulously dissects the social hierarchies and class distinctions within New York society.It exposes the cultural codes that dictate how individuals are perceived based on their wealth, occupation, and social connections.The portrayal of characters like Sherman McCoy and the interactions between different social strata reflect these codes.So soon, he puts on his Wall Street trader's shoes and nice suits with his proud look as "a master of the universe"; so soon, he hangs out with his mistress like an 18-year-old with no responsibilities in the poor neighborhoods of Manhattan.
Cultural Codes are also explored through language and symbolism.In fact, Wolfe uses language and symbolism to reveal cultural codes.The characters, especially those from different social backgrounds, use distinct language and symbols that signify their cultural affiliations.The character of Judy is so deterministic to this linguistic and cultural (re) presentation.She thoroughly utters and pronounces her words while talking as she reflects a well-educated and well-civilized gentle lady who belongs to the very privileged class of the world of finance.As for Sherman's mistress, Maria, she incarnates cultural mistrust.She appears as a light-faithed woman with, sometimes, heavy sex drive and freedom.That is the reason why the issues of race and identity are also very critical to the novel.The novel explores cultural codes related to race and identity.Characters' racial backgrounds influence how they are perceived and treated within the social structure.The interactions between characters from different racial backgrounds expose the cultural codes that shape racial dynamics in the depicted society.Therefore, the issues of race, identity, and moral codes are inextricably related.
The novels delve into cultural codes related to race, identity, ethics, and morality.Characters' racial backgrounds influence how they are perceived and treated within the social structure.The interactions between characters from different racial backgrounds expose the cultural codes that shape racial dynamics in the depicted society.The nuanced exploration of ethics and morality becomes central to the narrative, scrutinizing the moral choices made by characters and how these choices are influenced by societal expectations.
Issues of race and identity intersect with the examination of cultural codes.Characters' racial backgrounds influence societal perceptions, shaping racial dynamics.The novels explore the complexities of racial interactions within the social structure, reflecting the cultural codes prevalent in the depicted society.By intertwining race, identity, and moral codes, the novels offer a multifaceted exploration of the intricate relationships within the socio-cultural landscape of Wall Street.Structuralism emphasizes the examination of structural elements within a system.Literature, as a system, comprises narrative elements, character roles, and plot structures.Symbolic systems within the novels carry meanings beyond literal representation, contributing to the overall structure and conveying deeper cultural or psychological significance.In "The Bonfire of the Vanities," cultural codes are exposed and examined through the lens of structuralism, revealing shared systems of meaning within the culture of 1980s New York City.Symbolic systems and archetypes, as foundational elements in literary analysis, play a pivotal role in unlocking the layers of meaning woven into the fabric of a narrative.It is utmost important to pave a way to the introduction to symbolic systems and archetypes by unraveling literary complexities.In the realm of literature, these elements serve as conduits to explore the intricacies of characters and spaces, offering readers profound insights into the underlying themes and dynamics.The focus of this exploration centers on Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, where the examination of character archetypes and the symbolism of spaces on Wall Street becomes a gateway to a deeper comprehension of the complexities within the financial landscape.
In the literary landscape, characters often transcend their individual existence to embody archetypes-timeless, universal symbols that resonate with broader themes and human experiences.These archetypes serve as vessels through which authors convey cultural, societal, and psychological nuances.Likewise, the symbolism of spaces within a narrative adds layers of meaning, transforming physical locations into metaphorical landscapes that mirror the thematic undercurrents of the story.
First and foremost, this section will decode archetypes in Symbolic importance of Wall Street and office spaces is interesting.In fact, the symbolic significance of spaces in Wolfe's narrative is profound, with Wall Street itself standing as the central emblem.Wall Street transcends its geographical confines to symbolize the epicenter of financial power and influence.It becomes more than a physical location; it evolves into a metaphor for societal aspirations, relentless pursuits of success, and the moral complexities embedded in the pursuit of wealth.The bustling office spaces within the narrative function as microcosms of the financial world, where ethical compromises, power struggles, and pivotal decisions shape the destiny of characters.These spaces, laden with symbolism, are where the Masters of the Universe make life-altering choices that reverberate through the narrative.
The symbolism of spaces on Wall Street is a recurring motif in both novels, transcending their physical attributes to become powerful narrative tools.Wall Street itself is not merely a geographical location; it symbolizes the epicenter of financial power, success, and the moral quandaries associated with the pursuit of wealth.The term becomes synonymous with opportunity, risk, and the overarching influence of financial systems on individuals.
Office spaces, dissected and explored within the narratives, emerge as microcosms where pivotal decisions are made, ethical compromises unfold, and power struggles play out.These spaces symbolize the intricate dynamics of the financial industry, becoming arenas where Masters of the Universe and ambitious traders alike engage in the relentless pursuit of success.
Very important to the symbolic systems is its contributions to societal exploration of 1980s.Through the lens of archetypes and symbolism, Wolfe engages in a societal exploration, dissecting the values and aspirations prevalent during the 1980s.The Masters of the Universe archetype encapsulates the societal adulation of success, while the ambitious trader archetype delves into the opportunistic nature of individuals navigating the intertwined realms of finance and media.The symbolism of Wall Street and office spaces becomes a narrative tool that not only advances the plot but also invites readers to contemplate the broader implications of societal values and the impact of financial systems on individual lives.This is also unveiled by moral complexities and ethical quandaries of people of Wall Street.In fact, Wolfe's use of archetypes and symbolism delves into the moral complexities and ethical quandaries inherent in the pursuit of success within the financial landscape.Sherman McCoy, as the embodiment of the Master of the Universe archetype, grapples with the consequences of his actions, and his journey becomes a moral commentary on privilege, entitlement, and the repercussions of societal expectations.The symbolism of spaces, particularly the office settings, magnifies these ethical dilemmas, providing readers with a nuanced understanding of the decisions made in the pursuit of financial ascendancy.This sort of literary tapestry of financial realities is a light shed on such a burgeoning social system as Wall Street in the 1980s.In The Bonfire of the Vanities, Tom Wolfe crafts a literary tapestry where character archetypes and symbolism intricately interlace to illuminate the financial realities of 1980s New York City.The Masters of the Universe and ambitious trader archetypes, coupled with the symbolism of Wall Street and office spaces, propel readers into a multidimensional exploration of societal values, moral complexities, and the intricate dance between success and ethical compromises.As readers traverse Wolfe's narrative landscape, they are confronted with reflections of their own societal context, prompting contemplation on the enduring impact of wealth, power, and privilege.Legal system is biased as the narrator thoroughly exposed flaws in the judicial system through the treatment of Sherman McCoy's case.The novel meticulously portrays the legal system as a realm influenced by racial and class biases.Sherman McCoy, a wealthy white bond trader, becomes a lens through which the narrative scrutinizes the unequal treatment within the legal and judicial apparatus.His experience following a hit-and-run incident highlights the preferential treatment and immediate advantages that white privilege affords, shielding him from the swift and severe consequences that may befall others in different circumstances.
The role of media is so important to unveil how exacerbated is the divide between the communities.As Sherman's case becomes a focal point for the exploration of how white privilege can sway public perception through media coverage, the narrative underscores how media outlets, driven by societal biases, frame Sherman as a "Master of the Universe."This portrayal emphasizes his social status while downplaying the severity of his actions.Here, the media becomes a tool that perpetuates and reinforces the narrative of white privilege, influencing public opinion and contributing to the insulation of individuals with such privilege from the full consequences of their actions.
Sherman's social connections, predominantly comprising individuals from the white upper class, play a pivotal role in shaping the narrative around his actions.The novel suggests that these connections serve as a protective shield, insulating him from the full repercussions of his deeds.This aspect of white privilege highlights the influence of social networks in perpetuating advantages and creating a safety net for those who belong to privileged racial and socioeconomic groups.
The lack of inclusion in the access to resources and opportunities also deepens the class divide.Woven into the narrative is the intertwining of white privilege with access to resources and opportunities.Sherman's financial affluence, influential contacts, and legal representation underscore the advantages that come with being part of a privileged racial and socioeconomic group.The novel adeptly illustrates how these advantages amplify the impact of white privilege, positioning individuals like Sherman in a significantly different socio-economic echelon.
That is the reason why racial dynamics and unequal power are so exposed as symbolic of systems and archetypes within the characters who embody it.While the novel predominantly focuses on white characters, it indirectly touches on racial dynamics.Interactions between white characters and characters of color unveil the unequal power dynamics rooted in racial privilege.This exploration underscores how the privileges enjoyed by white individuals, particularly in contexts like the criminal justice system, contribute to and perpetuate societal injustices.
For instance, this is vehicle through very subtle stereotyping.The narrator of The Bonfire of the Vanities, occasionally employs subtle stereotypes related to race, contributing to the portrayal of white characters in a more favorable light.This aligns with broader societal norms and media representations that can reinforce biased perceptions.The subtle stereotyping within the novel reflects the insidious nature of racial biases, even in seemingly neutral or positive portrayals.
In conclusion, Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities intricately weaves an exploration of white privilege into its social commentary.The analysis of language, symbols, and cultural codes is a pivotal lens through which Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker reveal the intricate layers of financial activities, symbolisms, and the societal tapestry of the 1980s.This exploration delves into the linguistic choices employed, the symbolism woven into financial jargon, and the examination of ethical codes and cultural attitudes toward financial success.The linguistic choices in these narratives are very revealing.In fact, both novels undertake a meticulous examination of linguistic choices, offering readers a nuanced portrayal of financial activities.In The Bonfire of the Vanities, Wolfe crafts a narrative that immerses the audience in the high-stakes world of Wall Street through Sherman McCoy's encounters and dialogues.The language mirrors the confidence, arrogance, and competitive spirit of the financial elites.
Similarly, Liar's Poker adopts a first-person narrative, with Michael Lewis's language capturing the intensity and adrenaline of bond trading.The linguistic choices in both novels serve as a gateway, inviting readers into the fastpaced and complex realm of finance.
Other symbolism in financial jargon is also revealing.A key aspect of the exploration lies in dissecting the symbolism attached to financial jargon, symbols, and metaphors.In "The Bonfire of the Vanities," the term "Masters of the Universe" becomes a powerful symbol, encapsulating the hubris and self-perception of Wall Street professionals.The symbolism extends to other financial terms, creating a lexicon that reflects the culture and mindset of the characters.In Liar's Poker, the metaphor of "Liar's Poker" itself serves as a symbolic representation of the bluffing and risk-taking inherent in bond trading.The novels employ financial language not merely as a functional tool but as a rich source of symbolism, shedding light on the values and attitudes prevalent in the financial landscape.
Among linguistic choices in depicting financial activities is also technical Jargon.Wolfe incorporates technical financial language to immerse the reader in the intricacies of Wall Street.This language reflects the specialized knowledge and expertise of financial professionals.Adding to that is the foraminous amount at stake in such socio-economic strata.As the narrator unfolds the plot, descriptions reveal other symbolism attached to financial Jargon such as symbols and metaphors.For instance, rhetorical flourish is playing a key role in the decoding process of such linguistic choices.Sherman McCoy's internal monologues often feature rhetorical flourishes, showcasing the eloquence and confidence associated with the financial elite.The symbolism around the bond market also symbolizes the heart of financial transactions, and the complex nature of bonds becomes a metaphor for the complexities of financial dealings.

Masters of the Universe: A Symbolic Exploration of Financial Prowess
The term "Masters of the Universe" within the context of Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities transcends mere lexical significance; it metamorphoses into a symbol pregnant with meaning, encapsulating the perceived invincibility and power of those situated at the zenith of the financial hierarchy.This symbolic exploration delves into the layers of meaning embedded within the term, unraveling its implications for the characters and the broader narrative.
The other side of the medals with the term of "Masters of the Universe" is the symbolism of invincibility and Godlike status of Wall Street traders.The very phrase "Masters of the Universe" carries an aura of omnipotence and invincibility.In Wolfe's novel, this term is bestowed upon characters like Sherman McCoy, who, as a successful Wall Street professional, occupies the upper echelons of society.The symbolism lies in the invincible facade these characters projectan illusion of being beyond the reach of mortal challenges.The term suggests an almost God-like status, where financial success becomes a shield against the vulnerabilities that ordinary individuals might face.
The financial power (re) presentation through such metaphor is also very expressive.At its core, "Masters of the Universe" serves as a succinct representation of financial power.The characters bestowed with this epithet wield not only economic influence but also shape societal narratives and norms.Their decisions reverberate through the financial landscape, affecting markets, businesses, and the lives of those within their orbit.The term becomes a shorthand for the immense influence that these individuals exert, highlighting their ability to navigate the complex and often ethically ambiguous terrain of Wall Street.
The pinnacle of the financial hierarchy is standing such powerful folks who really master the world of finance and its rules and norms.The symbolic resonance of "Masters of the Universe" lies in its association with the pinnacle of the financial hierarchy.It designates individuals who have climbed the ladder of success, accumulating wealth and prestige.The term suggests a hierarchical structure where these financial elites occupy the summit, looking down upon the rest of society.This symbolism extends beyond individual characters and becomes a commentary on the broader stratification of power within the financial world.Along with such long and hectic way up to pinnacle of the financial hierarchy are many hubris and downfall.While the term exudes an air of invincibility, Wolfe  The term implies a sense of dominance, with traders boasting about their success and financial prowess.It serves as a reflection of the hyper-masculine culture prevalent on the trading floor, where individuals vie for status and recognition.The metaphor of "swinging dicks" suggests a display of confidence and assertiveness, further emphasizing the competitive spirit that permeates the financial industry.The term encapsulates the larger-thanlife personalities and egos that characterized the Masters of the Universe during this era.
However, beneath the surface bravado, the term also carries a satirical undertone.Lewis deploys humor and irony to shed light on the absurdity of the hypercompetitive culture and the inflated self-importance of those involved.In doing so, he offers a critical commentary on the excesses and ethical dilemmas inherent in the financial world, using language and symbolism to illuminate the darker facets of Wall Street during the 1980s.The term "Big Swinging Dicks" becomes a lens through which the novel explores the impact of unchecked ambition and the consequences of a culture that glorifies financial success at any cost.Central to the analysis is an exploration of cultural attitudes towards financial success.In both novels, the characters' actions and decisions are shaped by societal norms and expectations related to wealth and accomplishment.The Bonfire of the Vanities scrutinizes the cultural codes that dictate how individuals are perceived based on their wealth, occupation, and social connections.Liar's Poker dissects the cultural attitudes within the high-pressure world of bond trading, examining how success is measured and the impact of financial achievements on individuals' identities.The novels collectively provide a comprehensive view of how cultural attitudes influence and are influenced by the financial landscapes they depict.
The analysis of language, symbols, and cultural codes in The Bonfire of the Vanities and Liar's Poker unravels the intricate layers of financial narratives.The linguistic choices, symbolism, and exploration of ethical codes and cultural attitudes provide readers with a profound understanding of the values, challenges, and complexities embedded in the financial worlds of the 1980s.The novels transcend mere storytelling; they serve as cultural artifacts that reflect, critique, and invite contemplation on the language and codes that shape our perceptions of financial success and its ethical dimensions.
The Bonfire of the Vanities and Liar's Poker employ language, symbols, and cultural codes to navigate the complex terrain of high finance.The linguistic choices, symbolic elements, and ethical explorations contribute to the novels' authenticity and provide a lens through which readers can analyze the impact of financial practices on individuals and society.The novels question the cultural attitudes towards financial success and underscore the ethical challenges inherent in the pursuit of wealth.

III. CONCLUSION
In A comparative analysis of both novels reveals shared themes in questioning hierarchies, critiquing cultural representations, and delving into the ethical dimensions of financial practices.The binary resolutions in both narratives act as pivotal moments that transcend individual stories, profoundly impacting cultural representations and prompting a reassessment of societal values governing the financial landscape.
The interconnectedness of various structures, as depicted in both novels, highlights the intricate web of societal structures and their interdependence.This study, adopting a structuralist approach, has strived to uncover the underlying structures, binaries, and symbolic systems contributing to the cultural representations of Wall Street during the 1980s.
Looking ahead, this exploration suggests avenues for further research in the field of cultural representations of Wall Street.The evolving societal attitudes and their potential influence on future depictions present a rich area for investigation.The proposed systematic approach outlined in this article plan, encompassing the analysis of universal structures, binary resolutions, and symbolic systems, offers a foundation for future studies to deepen our understanding of the complex dynamics between finance and broader cultural contexts.
In essence, this analysis contributes to the ongoing dialogue surrounding Wall Street's cultural representations, encouraging readers to question prevailing norms, scrutinize ethical considerations, and contemplate the potential for change within the intricate fabric of the financial world.

IJELS-2024, 9(1), (ISSN: 2456-7620) (Int. J of Eng. Lit. and Soc. Sci.) https
NdaoSocio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of theVanities (1987)and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989).IJELS-2024, 9(1), (ISSN: 2456-7620) (Int.J of Eng.Lit.and Soc.Sci.)https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.91.3 16Structuralism is a theoretical framework that emerged in the mid-20th century, encompassing various disciplines, including linguistics, anthropology, literary theory, and cultural studies.At its core, structuralism seeks to understand the underlying structures that shape human experiences, language, and cultural phenomena.This approach assumes that there are universal structures and patterns that govern human thought and behavior.Structuralism posits that beneath the surface of observable phenomena, there exist deeper, underlying structures that organize meaning and significance.Both in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, they are other underlying structures that hold sense and sensitivity than merely the plot of narration.It stems from the settings to the choice of characters' names, through sharp descriptions.These structures may not be immediately apparent but can be uncovered through analysis.contrasts sharply with the poverty and crime in the Bronx, exposing societal disparities.The novels utilize binary oppositions to create meaning, portraying the stark contrasts between uptown vs. downtown, light vs. dark, male vs.
The novel explores how linguistic choices and symbolic representations contribute to the construction of cultural norms and values.Moreover, issues of ethics and morality have been clearly exposed in Wolfes' work.In fact, these are cultural codes that are related to are central to the narrative.The novel scrutinizes the moral choices made by characters, particularly Sherman McCoy, and how these choices are influenced by societal expectations.The portrayal of moral codes provides insight into the cultural values prevalent in the depicted society either within Black or White Communities.
In both novels, structural elements are dissected through linguistic choices and symbolic representations.For instance, Judy's articulate and well-civilized language reflects her privileged class, while Maria's linguistic expression symbolizes cultural mistrust.These linguistic choices and symbolic representations contribute to the construction of cultural norms, values, and moral codes.In conclusion, adopting a structuralist approach provides a methodical framework for analyzing the underlying structures, binaries, symbolic systems, and cultural codes prevalent in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker.This analytical lens facilitates a nuanced exploration of how these novels reflect, critique, and shape cultural representations of Wall Street during a transformative period in contemporary history.By contextualizing the novels within the historical and cultural shifts of the 1980s, we gain a deeper understanding of their contributions to literary and cultural representations, enriching our comprehension of the societal dynamics of Wall Street during this dynamic era.
view the social strata of 1980s New York City.Sherman McCoy emerges as the epitome of the "Masters of the Universe," a character archetype symbolizing success, affluence, and societal privilege.The cunning journalist, Peter Fallow, embodies the ambitious trader archetype, navigating the complex intersections of finance and media with opportunistic zeal.These archetypes, carefully crafted by Wolfe, transcend the individual narratives of the characters, becoming vessels that encapsulate the broader cultural ethos of the era.Also very important are spaces as Symbols in Wolfe's Narrative.Simultaneously, the spaces within Wolfe's narrative, particularly Wall Street itself and the microcosmic office settings, emerge as powerful symbols.Wall Street, beyond its geographical confines, symbolizes the epicenter of financial power, encapsulating wealth, privilege, and the relentless pursuit of success.The office spaces, intricately woven into the narrative, serve as microcosms where the Masters of the Universe make pivotal decisions, reflecting the ethical compromises and power struggles inherent in the financial world.NdaoSocio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of theVanities (1987)and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989).
Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities.Within the pages of Wolfe's novel, "The Bonfire of the Vanities," the character archetypes take center stage, providing readers with a lens through which to Turning our attention to Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, we find a parallel exploration of character archetypes and symbolic spaces within the financial realm of the 1980s.Delving into archetypes and symbols in Lewis's Liar's Poker is quite necessary to deciphering literary complexities in the novel.In fact, the bond traders at Salomon Brothers embody the Masters of the Universe archetype, exuding confidence, competitiveness, and a sense of invincibility.In the protagonist, Michael Lewis himself, we encounter the ambitious trader archetype-a young, hungry individual navigating the complexities of finance with a fervent desire for success.IJELS-2024, 9(1), (ISSN: 2456-7620) (Int.J of Eng.Lit. and Soc.Sci.) https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.91.3 19 In Liar's Poker it is utmost important to navigate the financial arena in which Michael Lewis is plunging his reader in order to decipher the most important archetypes and symbolism.In Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, the Ndao Socio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of theVanities (1987)and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989).20 strategic use of archetypes and symbolism transforms the narrative into a compelling exploration of the tumultuous financial world of the 1980s.The archetypes, prominently the "Masters of the Universe" embodied by bond traders and the ambitious trader exemplified by Michael Lewis himself, serve as dynamic lenses through which the novel scrutinizes the ambitions, challenges, and inherent risks within the financial landscape.Within the pages of Liar's Poker, the bond traders emerge as archetypal figures representing the "Masters of the Universe.".These characters exude confidence, competitiveness, and a sense of invincibility, mirroring the societal perception of the financial elite during the 1980s.In tandem, the protagonist, Michael Lewis, embodies the archetype of the ambitious trader.His narrative, presented from a first-person perspective, provides readers with a firsthand account of the high-stakes world of bond trading and the relentless pursuit of success.The Bonfire of theVanities (1987)and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989).The comparative analysis of The Bonfire of the Vanities and Liar's Poker reveals shared threads in archetypal characters and symbolic significance.Masters of the Universe and ambitious traders navigate the financial landscapes of times, offering insights into the psyche of those seeking success.Wall Street and spaces, symbolic entities within the narratives, become conduits for exploring power dynamics, ethical considerations, and professional ambitions.Through this shared exploration, the novels invite readers to engage in a profound reflection on the moral fabric of the financial worlds they portray, transcending the boundaries of fiction to echo the societal values that resonate beyond the pages.
IJELS-2024, 9(1), (ISSN: 2456-7620) (Int.J of Eng.Lit.and Soc.Sci.)https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.91.3The symbolism of Wall Street in Liar's Poker goes beyond being a mere geographic location; it serves as a powerful representation of the cutthroat competition and high stakes within the financial industry.Wall Street, in this context, becomes a metaphorical arena where financial gladiators engage in battles of wits, strategies, and risks.The symbolism underscores not only the opportunities for financial gain but also the inherent risks and uncertainties that define the landscape.Symbolism is also a matter of spaces and areas.In Liar's Poker, office spaces are (re) presented as crucibles.In fact, office spaces within the narrative of Liar's Poker transcend their Through the lens of Masters of the Universe and ambitious traders, the novels dissect the values and ethical considerations prevalent within their depicted societies.The symbolism of Wall Street and office spaces becomes a canvas for illustrating the impact of power dynamics, Ndao Socio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in Tom Wolfe's IJELS-2024, 9(1), (ISSN: 2456-7620) (Int.J of Eng.Lit. and Soc.Sci.) https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.91.3 21 Ndao Socio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989).Unveiling the Depths: Language, Symbols, and Cultural Codes in Financial Narratives IJELS-2024, 9(1), (ISSN: 2456-7620) (Int.J of Eng.Lit. and Soc.Sci.) https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.91.3 22

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employs it with a Ndao Socio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989).://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.91.3 23 touch of irony.The very hubris associated with being a "Master of the Universe" becomes a precursor to downfall.Sherman McCoy, the embodiment of this term, experiences a dramatic reversal of fortune, challenging the perceived invincibility.The symbolic journey of the term, from a representation of power to a harbinger of downfall, adds layers of complexity to Wolfe's narrative, critiquing the excesses and moral compromises within the financial elite.Language, Symbols, and Cultural Codes in Liar's Poker are also very insightful literary items.Linguistic choices in depicting financial activities are the characteristics of financial literacy blended with a sort of slang.In fact, jargon and slang Lewis utilizes in the novel is prevalent in bond trading during the 1980s, providing an insider's perspective and capturing the unique language of the financial world.Poker is the first-person narrative.The latter reflects Lewis's personal experience, using language that conveys the intensity and competitiveness of the trading floor.Therefore, symbolism attached to financial jargon, symbols, and metaphors is very strong.For instance, the term "Big Swinging Dicks" becomes emblematic of the traders' bravado and the aggressive culture within Salomon Brothers.It prominently featured in Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, is a colloquial expression used within the context of the competitive and testosterone-driven atmosphere of Wall Street during the 1980s.This term, laden with symbolism and cultural significance, vividly captures the aggressive and assertive nature of bond traders in the male-dominated world of finance.The metaphorical use of "Big Swinging Dicks" underscores the bravado and self-assuredness associated with those who wield power and influence in the high-stakes arena of bond trading.

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The Bonfire of theVanities (1987)and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989).://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.91.3  24mortgage bonds serves as a metaphor for the financial innovations and risks that characterized the era.The pursuit of financial success reflects societal expectations, and characters grapple with the pressure to conform to cultural norms.The narrative delves into ethical challenges faced by bond traders, highlighting the blurred lines between ethical and unethical behavior.Lewis critiques cultural attitudes that prioritize financial success without fully acknowledging the moral implications of financial practices.Also revealing are ethical codes and Societal expectations.The exploration extends beyond linguistic choices to the consideration of ethical codes, societal expectations, and cultural attitudes toward financial success.In The Bonfire of the Vanities, ethical dilemmas arise as characters navigate a world where financial success often comes at the expense of moral compromises.The novel critiques the ethical codes prevalent in the financial elite and exposes the societal expectations that contribute to these moral quandaries.Liar's Poker similarly delves into the dimensions of bond trading, questioning the norms and values that govern the financial industry.Both novels, through their narratives, invite readers to confront the ethical complexities woven into the pursuit of financial success.
Thus, the financial lust of Wall Street's actors is to contrast with the sexual lust (re) presented in the term "Big Swinging Dick" incarnated by the bond traders.The focus on Ndao Socio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in TomWolfe's

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conclusion, this extensive exploration of cultural representations of Wall Street, as depicted in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, has been guided by a structuralist analysis that unveils universal structures and codes within the financial and social realms.The journey through the structuralist critique has illuminated binary resolutions, shared themes, and the interconnectedness of various societal structures, offering readers a profound insight into the intricate relationship between finance and broader societal and cultural contexts.The structuralist critique of The Bonfire of the Vanities and Liar's Poker has provided a lens through which to dissect universal structures, binary resolutions, and their profound implications on cultural representations.Tom Wolfe's narrative skillfully navigates through social hierarchies and the legal system, exposing universal structures that echo broader societal norms.The binary resolution in Wolfe's work, particularly through Sherman McCoy's fall from grace, acts as a catalyst for critical examination of cultural representations, laying bare the moral implications of financial excess.In a structuralist critique, The Bonfire of the Vanities and Liar's Poker offer readers a glimpse into universal structures and codes within the financial and social realms.The binary resolutions in both narratives act as catalysts for reflection on cultural representations and societal values, inviting readers to reconsider the structures that govern finance, question the ethics of individual and institutional behaviors, and contribute to a nuanced understanding of the complexities within the financial world.These novels collectively emphasize the interconnected nature of societal structures and the potential for change in cultural representations through thoughtful examination.Social Commentary is embedded in the two novels.In fact, both Wolfe and Lewis set insightful critical glance at Wall Street of 1980s and its impact of the society thereof.The Bonfire of the Vanities by Tom Wolfe appears as an insightful critique on excess, moral decay, and financial greed in the world of finance.Wolfe's social commentary dissects the social strata of New York City and the privileged world of Wall Street elites.The term "Masters of the Universe" encapsulates the influence of high-powered Ndao Socio-cultural (re) presentations of Wall Street in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) and Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker (1989).://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.91.3 25 financial figures.The novel delves into class and racial tensions, materialism, excess, and the media's role in shaping perceptions.It serves as a critique of moral decay within the financial industry, emphasizing the compromises individuals make for success.Liar's Poker by Michael Lewis as a good critique to the outcome of strong financial greed.Lewis's social commentary offers a critical examination of Wall Street culture in the 1980s.The memoir provides an insider's perspective on the corporate culture at Salomon Brothers, emphasizing the ambition, competitiveness, and risk-taking prevalent on Wall Street.Lewis explores the personal toll of financial culture on individuals, highlighting the psychological and emotional challenges faced by those working in the industry."Liar's Poker" raises questions about the human cost of prioritizing financial success.In both novels, Wolfe and Lewis use their storytelling prowess to provide readers with not just narratives but sociocultural commentaries on the financial world, reflecting on ambition, greed, moral compromises, and the enduring legacy of Wall Street's cultural landscape.Michael Lewis, in Liar's Poker, ventures into the corporate hierarchies of Salomon Brothers, unraveling universal structures within the financial industry.The binary resolution in Lewis's narrative, marked by his departure from Salomon Brothers, challenges the dichotomy between individual ambition and institutional hierarchies, urging readers to reflect on the broader implications of financial structures on individuals and society.