https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usOctober 9 This study aims to analyze the personas of The World’s Wife women. Carol Ann Duffy uses the Monologues to express the voice of the women who were kept silenced in history and myths, and each persona of this poem collection expresses her suffering and desires in a different manner which can be seen as unorthodox through the lens of the social norms. This study focuses on the individual personas as characters and their psychological disturbance. All of the personas face a troubling environment, which she has to face in a certain manner and behavior. Through this study, we can specifically locate the psychological disturbance of Mrs. Beast, Mrs. Lazarus, Mrs. Midas, Mrs. Quasimodo, and Queen Herod. https://ijels.com/detail/the-world-s-wife-s-personas-through-the-psychoanalytic-lens-an-analysis-of-mrs-beast-mrs-lazarus-mrs-midas-mrs-quasimodo-and-queen-herod/ Mohammed Yahya Sahib Alhgam https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-10920233-TheWorld.pdf This study investigates the relationship between motivation and International Posture among Chinese college students learning English. Examining the Ideal Self, Ought-to Self, Learning Experience, and four aspects of International Posture, the research reveals distinct patterns. Students display stronger motivation when aligned with their ideal language self but are less motivated by external pressures and classroom experience. While showing moderate interest in international activities, they express less enthusiasm for inter-group interactions. Notably, a significant and positive correlation exists between motivation and international posture. These findings emphasize the need to cultivate intrinsic motivation and enhance international engagement within language education, empowering students for effective global communication. https://ijels.com/detail/motivation-and-international-posture-among-college-students-in-china/ Rong Xing https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-10920231-Motivation.pdf In the past two decades, the study of second language mental lexicon organization has become a research direction that has attracted much attention from scholars. The research on second language mental lexicon organization has achieved fruitful outcomes in both basic theoretical research and empirical research. The basic theoretical research mainly focuses on the lexical knowledge framework theory and the exploration of second language mental lexicon organization, while the empirical research explored the characteristics of second language learner’s mental lexicon organization based on the word association test as the main research method. In addition, future study needs to pay attention to the optimization of word association test, the use of multiple testing methods, the learners at the basic education level, and the attempt to integrate the findings with pedagogical practice research. https://ijels.com/detail/a-review-on-the-organization-model-of-second-language-mental-lexicon-based-on-word-association-test/ Wu Jie, Li Xiuzhi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-10920232-AReview.pdf Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, this paper collects the literature on English activity-based approach published in 15 Chinese educational journals from 2018-2022, and has a review from four dimensions: development trend, research object, research content and research methods. The results show that: the number of studies is generally on an upward trend; the research objects are concentrated at the high school level, followed by middle school and the least at elementary school; the main contents of studies include conceptual research and design philosophy at the macro level, lesson design research, teaching strategies and literacy development at the micro level; the research methods are mainly non-empirical studies, and the empirical studies are mainly qualitative studies. This paper then analyzes the problems of the existing research and presents an outlook on the future development of English learning activity perspective research. https://ijels.com/detail/review-and-prospect-of-english-activity-based-approach-in-china-2018-2022/ Yuqian Huang, Xiuzhi Li https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-108202353-Review.pdf Within the anthropocentric possibility, where the human being as a part of subjectivity has power to determine the status of subgroups including the environment, animal species, or to neglect the sanctuary of the existence of women, Derrida’s carnophallogocentric concept is more interrelated with ecological attitudes. Along the same lines, Carol J. Adam’s The Sexual Politics of Meat awakens awareness of the deforestation, exploitation, abuse, and injustice deeply rooted in the dominance, discourse and causes of the dark fates of both women and non-human animals. Furthermore, it renders new articles for equalities, justices, rights, idealism and even responsibilities which they are all settling down in the heart of Gifford’s post-pastoral literature. She recalls a utopian zoon or what Gifford calls Arcadia wherein both humans and other creatures possess their own realm. Therefore, the aims of this article take into account, either explicitly or implicitly, both Derrida’s constitutive concept and three of six central features of post-pastoralism, including an awe in attention to the natural world, awareness of culture as nature, and potential abuse of nature as the same of women and minorities. https://ijels.com/detail/the-dusty-wakeful-eyes-in-adam-s-the-sexual-politics-of-meat/ Mohsen Zohrab Beigi, Dr. Shahram Afrougheh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-109202312-TheDusty.pdf Hearing refers to one’s ability to perceive sounds, by receiving vibrations through ears. In contrast, listening is a skill that requires one to use senses, including hearing and sense of touch. Hearing is physiological and only uses the ears while listening is psychological and requires the use of the brain to interpret the message. Active Listening builds trust and strong relationships, it can help you to resolve conflicts, it even helps you from missing important information, it also helps you to identify or anticipate problems. Thus, helps you to build more knowledge. While hearing may seem less important than listening as it is involuntary, it is passive and simply relies on inaction. https://ijels.com/detail/if-speaking-is-silver-listening-is-gold/ Abhay Raj Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-109202310-IfSpeaking.pdf This work analyses the contrast created in William Somerset Maugham’s literary composition, with reference to the theme of ‘Escape’. Escape is, indeed, a recurrent theme in such Maugham’s short stories as ‘The Escape’, ‘Mabel’, ‘A Friend in Need,’ ‘The Taipan’, ‘The Verger’, and others. The analysis thereof unfolds through the scrutiny of two samples of these short stories videlicet ‘The Escape’ and ‘Mabel’. In real life, it happens to us to escape either from a country, a nightmare, a delicate financial situation, a mediocre existence, or else. Likewise, in fiction, Roger Charing and George escape from Ruth Barlow and Mabel, the ladies they are engaged to before the wedding days respectively in ‘The Escape’ and ‘Mabel’. This escape, an interconnection between these stories, is prompted by their sudden falling out of love, which is inexplicable in the narrators’ words, because as Blaise Pascal thinks, the heart has reasons that reason itself knows nothing about. Apart from this common denominator, the two stories contrast sharply at different levels of their components as setting, characters... To investigate this contrast, owing to the economy and simplicity of the storytelling that characterise a short story, these stories require close scrutiny and textual approach. https://ijels.com/detail/the-theme-of-escape-intertextuality-and-compositional-contrast-in-somerset-maughams-selected-short-stories/ Armel Mbon https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-109202323-First-Person.pdf My paper attempts to study the autobiographical ‘slips’ of Nalini Jameela’s Njan Laingikathozhilali (Trans. Autobiography of a Sex Worker) through the conceptual framework of war-machine proposed by Deleuze and Guattari. My paper focuses on the role of colonial modernity in establishing the genre of autobiographical writing in Kerala and reads how Nalini Jameela’s work significantly alters the genre by subverting the dominant notions of ideal woman, cheap woman and autobiographical language. Colonial modernity had a significant role in establishing stabilised characteristics to gender categories and accordingly an ideal woman is supposed to be subservient, family-centric and should function in society-approved manner for the progress of her nuclear family. Nalini Jameela’s work questions these suppositions. I explore the following questions in my paper - What was the impact of colonial modernity in establishing autobiography as a genre in Kerala? By challenging hegemonic modes of ‘telling’, how does the work establish a conflicted political subjectivity ? Does Nalini Jameela’s autobiography subvert the established understandings of veshya(prostitute)? How does the work de-consecrate the ‘respectability’ notions of angelic domestic woman? https://ijels.com/detail/dissident-self-writing-in-malayalam-reading-autobiographical-dissonance-as-protest/ Anju Mathew https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-108202339-Dissident.pdf In Khaled Hosseini’s “Sea Prayer”, a poignant and emotionally charged work of fiction, the author captures the harrowing realities faced by refugees through the tale of a father and his young son on a precarious journey. This review reflects on how Hosseini’s lyrical writing style captures the deep emotions and complex realities faced by those forced to flee their homes in search of safety and a better life. In addition, the review also explores the book’s unique format, combining text and illustrations by Dan Williams to create a visually stunning and deeply immersive reading experiences. https://ijels.com/detail/unfurling-stories-of-endurance-a-review-of-sea-prayer-by-khaled-hosseini/ Sampriti Sarkar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-107202332-Unfurling.pdf Bharati Mukherjee’s novel, Jasmine, discusses gender discrimination and Jasmine’s docile integration into a new culture. Mukherjee expresses the unpleasant realities of the immigrant diaspora, such as identity breakdown, homelessness, and displacement. In Indian patriarchal culture, where males are the narrators and voices are heard, women are blamed for a variety of traditions and rituals. The complicated social structure controlled by Indian patriarchal society, which may also be a significant driver of her economic well-being and therefore affect identity development, is one facet of the protagonist’s experiences. This limits the protagonist’s ability to express herself freely. Jasmine, the protagonist, challenges the concept of gender and reinvents her life to become more American by attempting to adopt a new identity in America. As Jasmine embarks on a voyage of self-discovery, each change in her personality is accompanied by a new moniker that a male character gives her. This article contends that Jasmine, the primary character, depicts a strong immigrant woman who battles marginalization in India and by mainstream white American culture and is compelled to move between identities. She bravely and tenaciously searches for a new self and identity in America until she discovers a way of living that fulfils her. https://ijels.com/detail/domesticating-and-reinventing-identity-and-space-in-bharati-mukherjee-s-jasmine/ Indrani Atul Borgohain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-109202319-Domesticating.pdf This research paper explores the concept of local colour which refers to the unique cultural practices, traditions, and customs of a particular region that distinguish it from other regions. The objective of this paper is to explore Indian philosophy and socio-cultural ethics through Haryanvi folklore, where an ideal society is imagined as an ordinary lifestyle. It highlights a ‘utopian’ vision through the importance of the local colour of Haryana and other regions to ensure that our cultural heritage is preserved for future generations. Moreover, its focus is on Pandit Lakhmi Chand’s use of local colour in a fictional presentation that reflects the customs, traditions, and beliefs and their preservation for generations for the people of Haryana. Through this examination, the paper offers insight into how local colour can enrich and enliven literature and how it can be used to reflect and celebrate the diversity of the human experience. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-local-colour-in-pandit-lakhmi-chand-s-folk-literature/ Rakesh Kumar, Varsha Rani, Ayushi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-109202320-Exploring.pdf This study aims to explore the development of feminist translation theory in both Western and Chinese contexts, as well as its significance in translation studies and society at large. Feminist translation is inseparable from the backdrop of the feminist movement and its relationship with language, where language plays a pivotal role in constructing social roles, highlighting the close relationship between feminism and translation. The paper not only emphasizes the contributions of Western feminist translators such as Flotow and Simon but also analyzes the dissemination and developmental trajectory of feminist translation theory in China. It delineates the characteristics and impacts of different developmental stages. The radical nature and cultural diversity inherent in feminist translation theory result in varied developmental processes across different countries. Overall, this theory continues to evolve, warranting a dialectical perspective, and the process of localizing feminist translation theory in China presents both challenges and potentials, offering new perspectives for further research. https://ijels.com/detail/overview-of-feminism-translation-theories-in-western-countries-and-china/ Wu Jun https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-109202317-Overview.pdf One of the most accomplished fiction writers of the twenty-first century, the British writer Tessa Hadley (1956-till present), is known for her exceptional power of seizing the familiar moments in our life that we would normally not think of highlighting. She is the author of several acclaimed novels and short stories such as Accidents in the Home, Everything Will Be All Right, The Master Bedroom, The London Train, Clever Girl, The Past, Late in the Day, Free Love, Married Love and Other Stories, Bad Dreams, etc. Capturing the beauty of ordinary lives, she writes about the drama of everyday life: complicated family relationships, love affairs, marriages, divorces, and betrayal. Portraying love affairs or domestic issues is not new in literature. However, Hadley’s close observations of everyday life portraying the ways men and women relate to one another in her short stories find a new dimension for the readers. Readers are drawn to the themes, issues, and characters because they can relate to them. An example of a short story titled ‘Married Love’ published in 2012 in the collection of short stories Married Love and Other Stories, is discussed below. https://ijels.com/detail/an-exploration-of-married-love-by-tessa-hadley/ Shanjida Halim, Tanzina Halim https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-109202315-AnExploration.pdf Student affairs and services in higher education at present in the new normal is faced with many challenges. It has been fundamentally a profession that willingly subjects itself to periodic evaluation and capacity assessment to ensure the quality of service being delivered (UNESCO, 2002). Several studies in the Philippines were made regarding the evaluation of SAS in light of the paradigm suggested in the CMO No. 21, s. 2006. This study aimed to evaluate the student services in the Kalinga State University utilizing a quantitative research design framework as to the extent of priority, level of satisfaction among the three areas, suggestions were asked to support the result of the study. Student welfare and institutional program may be given further strategic planning for students to give equal priority as that of student development. Provision of student centers in every college and office space for the student council may be considered as priority need of students while College of Agriculture may be encouraged to actively participate in activities for development. Clients are moderately satisfied in the student welfare programs but identified. Availment of student emergency loan may be proposed as one of the students’ privileges. Further study for College of Criminal Justice Education for getting the lowest mean. On the institutional program, dormitory services and boarding houses services of the owners has to be reviewed, while College of Criminal Justice Education needs to be more motivated to participate in the institutional program of the school. https://ijels.com/detail/evaluation-of-student-services-in-the-new-normal-a-tool-for-quality-improvement/ Maryjoyce Dupali-Wangiwang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-108202342-Evaluation.pdf Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The House of the Seven Gables is a masterpiece that looks into a myriad of enduring themes, offering to the readers a lush tapestry of human encounters and social commentary. By means of the Pyncheon family's dark past and the curse that haunts them, Hawthorne examines how the depravities of the past can engender an extensive shadow on future generations, causing moral deterioration and spiritual conflict. The paper attempts to dissect and analyze the themes that pervade the narrative, revealing some significant perceptions and social critiques rooted within the story. It also examines the gender and social expectations delicately woven into the structure of the narrative affording timeless insights into the human predicament and societal dynamics. https://ijels.com/detail/cryptic-echoes-and-eternal-shadows-unveiling-profound-themes-in-nathaniel-hawthorne-s-the-house-of-the-seven-gables/ Nawal Nagi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-11020231-Cryptic.pdf In twentieth-century's poetry, the city has become an important and complex theme because when writing about cities, poets tend to re-formulate and re-define their relation with literary and cultural traditions. The city poses a particular challenge for the modern poets because of their commitment to social and cultural traditions they feel that their role has been fused to simply responding to the social, moral, cultural and psychological transformations that the city symbolizes. Is it right to read a poet, or poetry, as an extension of a place? The answer is may or may not be. The question is to answer the unique narrative description of Bombay in Arun Kolatkar’s Kala Ghoda and the city of London in T.S. Eliot’s The Wasteland that defines the city using imagery and symbolism in the best manner. Walking through Bombay and reading Kala Ghoda Poems recreates a city that is constantly shifting and dancing around, full of noises and colours, all the while exposing those lives that are pushed out of an expanding concrete jungle, hidden under bright lights and tall towers—the triumphs of development. Eliot utilises the ‘unreal city’ London as the main setting for The Wasteland and the city comes to embody the title of the poem that id portrayed as ugly, cruel and grey, lacking any real human warmth or meaningful connections. The study will be centred on a reading and analysis of deconstructive poetry to show how postmodernism is hinted at while also demonstrating continuous sociocultural and socioreligious activities through the use of symbolism and imagery. The study will continue with chapters broken down into many aspects, including a comparative analysis of Eliot and Kolatkar's poetry, studying the issue of experimentalism and symbolism as well as imagery employed in Kolatkar's Kala Ghoda and Eliot's Wasteland. The subjectivities and experimentation in Indian English poetry and Western poetry can be understood and explored through a comparison of Arun Kolatkar and T.S. Eliot. https://ijels.com/detail/representation-of-cities-as-spaces-through-symbolist-imagery-in-t-s-eliot-s-the-wasteland-and-arun-kolatkar-s-kala-ghoda/ Amisha Parmar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-10920238-Representation.pdf Sexual harassment remains a pressing issue in sensitive realms such as educational settings, with high schools being particularly vulnerable environments. This case study delves into the disturbing reality of sexual harassment among educators and learners alike in a specific high school that is situated in the suburbs of the historical town of Meknes, Morocco. In order to shed light on the detrimental consequences of this critical issue for all stakeholders involved, the study employs a qualitative research design; data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis to explore the experiences of the parties involved. The aim behind this study is to reveal the intrinsic causes and side effects that lead some educators to molest some of their students inside the “sacred realm” of school. Moreover, the case story highlights the lasting impact of sexual harassment on victims' mental health and academic performance, as well as the broader repercussions on the school community. Before emphasizing the need for policies and training in high schools to combat this pervasive issue and promote inclusive learning environment, wherein educators and learners can thrive without fear of harassment and to nurture a culture of respect, equity, and dignity for all. The findings unveil a number of themes for analysis and the generation of final results. https://ijels.com/detail/sexual-harassment-among-educators-and-learners-in-rural-high-schools-in-morocco-a-case-story/ Amina Aboulkacem https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-109202313-Sexual.pdf Water, published in 2006, brings to light the contentious issues with patriarchy, widowhood, and child prostitution in India prior to the partition. This essay focuses on how widows adjust to life in Ashram, a frequently visited destination on their migratory routes. The main protagonist in the novel Water, Chuyia, is an example of an immigrant who is compelled to abandon everything connected to their own culture and adopt the new standard of living in the host community. The author provides voice to oppressed women, especially widows, and demonstrates how “husbandless” women are stigmatized and suffer heinous abuse, which causes them to feel alienated. A close illustration of the caste systems in the political and historical frameworks of the novel will be done in order to discuss the identity crisis of the diasporic character in Water. This will reveal the fundamental power relations among male-dominated heteronormative discourses that produce male dominance and make women’s dominance a suitable cultural norm. I contend that widows’ homemaking is a dynamic process that entails continual concern in connection to identity performance and adjustments in this research, rather than being a static replica of their prior houses. I use the concepts of cultural authenticity and identity development to support modern notions of the diasporic home. My study proposes a fundamental tool for analyzing widows, which is an immigrant tale, and gives a novel perspective that undermines facile associations between homemaking and established identities. https://ijels.com/detail/diasporic-home-existence-of-widows-in-bapsi-sidhwa-s-water/ Indrani Atul Borgohain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-109202331-Diasporic.pdf Maud Martha, a 1953 novel written by the award-winning, African American, female poet Gwendolyn Brooks, is a richly told exploration of beauty, people’s perceptions of it, and its consequences. Brooks explores the connection between being ordinary and being beautiful, and how such descriptions can affect each other. Maud Martha, the novel’s titular character, spends her formative years in 1940s urban and mostly black Chicago, thinking about the beautiful things around her and far away from her. Through her story and growth as a person, Brooks asks us to question our own perceptions of beauty, as well as our categorizations of it. https://ijels.com/detail/agree-to-disagree-perception-of-beauty-in-gwendolyn-brooks-s-maud-martha/ Ashley Zhu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-11020235-Agree.pdf “Education in ancient India was free from any external control like that of the state or the government or any party politics. It was one of the king’s duties to see that the learned pundits pursued their studies and their duty of imparting knowledge without interference from any source whatever. So, education did not suffer from any communal interest or prejudices in India.” Said by P.N.Prabhu. In earlier times, Hindus considered education as a process of life. The education system for girls and women were favorable and available for them. In Rig Vedic Society, “child marriage did not exist” so the young girls were also able to study and education was given the utmost importance. But with time, the education system has lost its essence and quality in and after the 21st century. With some physical training, sports has also been fully removed and knowledge is forced through books and indoor teaching. This has limited the analytically thinking capacity of the youth that would help one to be more active and alert. This research work will be introducing the major missing aspects of the previous works presented in this field with some suggestions to retrieve it. • Educational status of non-Brahmin women are nowhere mentioned. • Both men and women were well trained in the military art, medicine, the science of weapons and were also trained for war-like situations. Education was only for Brahmans. https://ijels.com/detail/education-of-women-in-early-vedic-period/ Smriti https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-109202332-Education.pdf The patriarchal perspective has continually made women a puppet in a man's hands. The male society assigns women a secondary position in the household. So, man becomes the principal governing factor that appropriates and subjugates women. This paper critically analyses how the men appropriate and sexually obligate women in one way or the other in Khushwant Singh's The Company of Women. Published in 1999, it is Khushwant Singh's fourth novel. It presents the episodes of appropriation and sexual obligation of women- ranging from an Afro-American teenager to a Bai in Bombay by the narrator. The concept of Appropriation of Women by Collette Guillaumin has been applied as a theoretical framework. After a thorough reading of the selected text, relevant sentences and passages have been cited as textual evidence. The research findings indicate that the text understudy affirms the appropriation and sexual obligation of women. https://ijels.com/detail/appropriation-and-sexual-obligation-a-feminist-reading-of-khushwant-singh-s-the-company-of-women/ Priyanka Marwaha, Dr Nancy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-11020233-Appropriation.pdf This research aims to explore the effectiveness of a Chinese classical dance therapy group on college students’ self-awareness and emotion regulation. A pretest and quasi-experimental design was used for this study, with 172 college students in China as the research object. The experimental group underwent Chinese classical dance therapy twice every week, three hours every time, until eighteen hours later; meanwhile, the control group did not handle or train. Members of the two groups were tested before and after the "Introspection Scale", "Body Awareness Scale" and "Emotional Regulation Scale", and statistical tests were performed by single-factor covariate analysis (ANOVA) to evaluate the effectiveness of experimental processing. The study found the following: 1. College students participating in the study of Chinese classical dance therapy groups are generally satisfied with or agree with the content of the Chinese classical dance therapy group scheme designed in this study. 2. The Chinese classical dance therapy group can enhance the daily life awareness of college students. 3. The Chinese classical dance therapy group can improve the overall physical awareness, physical use, muscle tension, and physical control of university students. 4. The Chinese classical dance therapy group can increase the awareness of college students that breathing can help relax the body. 5. The Chinese classical dance therapy group can improve the overall emotional regulation and emotional reflection of college students. 6. The Chinese classical dance therapy group can improve college students' emotion adjustment strategies and has a tracking effect on emotional awareness and emotional efficacy. The research results can provide references and suggestions for psychological counseling practitioners and future research. https://ijels.com/detail/the-effects-of-classical-chinese-dance-movements-on-personal-awareness-and-emotion-regulation/ Xiao-Qi Ling, Sung-Yi Hsieh, Chiao Chao, Ruei-Yuan Wang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-109202319-TheEffects.pdf The Painted Veil, serving as one of the most famous classics of the well-known English writer, Willian Somerset Mangham, mainly aims to talk about the heroine’s awakening of self-consciousness under the society at that age. Using his own special writing style, the writer portrayed a vivid and realistic heroine---Kitty, who finally became world famous and made a significant growth in a spiritual level. In this novel, Kitty’s social and family conditions were influenced by her birthplace, marriage and specular experience. After a broken marriage and miserable love affair relationship with John, Kitty grew a lot and saw the value of life profoundly, and she longed for a freedom away from the constraint of women physically and spiritually. Under the respective of feminism, this thesis is designed to take an analysis of Kitty, the root cause of Kitty’s former position as a female, and Kitty’s hard work in the process of breaking away from the status of traditional female. This thesis includes five parts. The first part leads a generalization of the author as well as the Painted Veil. The second part is designed to generalize the development of feminism and its connotation. The third part aims to analyze the cause of Kitty’s former position, as well as the process of Kitty’s growth influenced by feminism. The fourth part explores the calling of Kitty under her cognitive growth in the influence of feminism. The fifth part is the conclusion. https://ijels.com/detail/on-kitty-s-growth-in-the-painted-veil-from-the-perspective-of-feminism/ Song Yasi, Hou Yanfang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-109202329-OnKitty.pdf This research delves into the profound impact of historical traumas arising from slavery and caste oppression on memory and identity in Beloved and The God of Small Things. Employing trauma theory as the analytical framework, the study explores the thematic intersections and narrative techniques used by Morrison and Roy to portray the effects of trauma on individual and collective identity. Through a comparative analysis, the research delves into how the temporal hybridity and non-linear structures in the novels serve to represent the complexities of traumatic experiences. The presence of repetition in both narratives will also be examined, illustrating how the characters grapple with their recurring trauma. Furthermore, the research explores how the respective traumas have fractured the identities of the protagonists, shaping their perceptions of self and others, and influencing their relationships with their families. This research provides an examination of the lasting effects of slavery and caste oppression, offering insights into the ways literature can act as a medium for exploring collective historical traumas and their resonance in contemporary societies. Moreover, the research underscores the significance of recognizing and addressing trauma in order to foster healing and resilience in individuals and communities. https://ijels.com/detail/echoes-of-historical-trauma-an-analysis-of-beloved-and-the-god-of-small-things/ Khanak Ashveena Mayank https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-11020234-Echoes.pdf Tennessee Williams is one of the foremost playwrights in modern drama. In 1945, the American theater witnessed his mind-blowing play, The Glass Menagerie. Because of the latter, Williams received a great deal of fame and winnings. Since The Glass Menagerie is a memory play, this paper will focus on the subject of memory and its interconnectedness with modern drama first, then delve into memory theories, and lastly discuss memory mechanisms in The Glass Menagerie. https://ijels.com/detail/memory-and-modern-drama-tennessee-williams-s-the-glass-menagerie-as-a-case-study/ Abdelmonim Elmoutassim https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-110202323-Memory.pdf This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the application of the Skopos Theory of translation to Abdullah Al Faisal's poetic work, "Revolution of Doubt." The Skopos Theory, developed by Vermeer, emphasizes the importance of the translator's purpose or intention (skopos) in guiding the translation process. By considering the skopos as the driving force behind translation, this theory highlights the need to adapt and shape the target text to meet the specific communicative purpose in the target culture. The study examines the fidelity, coherence, and skopos rules of the Skopos Theory in relation to the translation of "Revolution of Doubt." Through a detailed analysis of selected lines and their English translation, the paper explores how these rules are applied and their impact on maintaining the intended meaning, poetic style, and emotional resonance of the original Arabic text. In terms of fidelity, the analysis focuses on the level of faithfulness to the source text in conveying meaning and tone. The coherence rule is examined to assess the structural and semantic coherence within individual lines and the overall flow of the translated text. Finally, the skopos rule is explored to understand how the translator's purpose and intended audience influence the translation choices, particularly in capturing the emotional and poetic aspects of the source text. By investigating the application of the Skopos Theory to the translation of "Revolution of Doubt," this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics and challenges involved in translating poetic works. It sheds light on the importance of considering the translator's intention, maintaining coherence, and achieving fidelity in conveying the essence of the original text to the target audience. https://ijels.com/detail/translating-cultural-identity-skopos-theory-in-the-translation-of-abdullah-al-faisal-s-revolution-of-doubts/ Nehal Ali https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-107202315-Translating.pdf This paper aims to examine the character of Yagami Light in Madhouse’s anime adaptation of the famous manga series Death Note (2006-2007). Light, the protagonist of the series, is viewed with regards to his role as an antihero despite being the hero in the anime story. He is examined through the concept of the Carl Jung’s archetypes. This paper focuses on two contradictory archetypes which are the persona and the shadow, explaining the characteristics of an antihero. Henceforth, this paper discovered about the portrayal of those archetypes along with the reflection of anti-hero characteristics performed by the protagonist. Moreover, the character and series as a whole are compared to the stages of Christopher Vogler’s Writer’s Journey (2007), while Joseph Campbell’s concepts in A Hero with a Thousand Faces (1950) are also referenced. Each stage of Vogler’s theory is examined and compared with Death Note’s narrative, exploring the similarities as well as the deviations. Light and events of the series are explored with regards to the portrayals and variations of the stages of the Hero’s Journey as derived from Vogler’s theories. Unfortunately, Light is not able to complete the journey because of his defeat, death, and failure of rebirth and resurrection. https://ijels.com/detail/persona-and-shadow-the-journey-of-an-anime-antihero/ Miguel Carlo C. Marasigan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-110202315-Personaand.pdf The research paper is a qualitative study of the multifaceted role of language as a potent tool of power and its connection to the theme of madness within the novels "Waiting for the Barbarians" by Coetzee and "The Secret History" by Tartt. Within the world of fiction, language emerges as a dynamic force, enabling creators to craft narratives that draw upon intricate emotions and characterizations. Close textual reading and analysis serve as the primary instruments for data collection, and this research contextualizes itself within the broader landscape of literary analysis, postcolonial studies, and discourse analysis, and unveils the dynamic ways in which language becomes a tool for wielding power, from economic and political dominance to coercive control. Ultimately, the paper underscores the impact of language on societal power structures, and its role in constructing and dismantling narratives, offering a compelling lens through which to examine the theme of madness in these literary works. https://ijels.com/detail/unraveling-madness-linguistic-complexities-in-waiting-for-the-barbarian-and-the-secret-history/ Shayan Aqdas, Zunaira Aslam, Ayyaz Ahmed https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-110202313-Unraveling.pdf The Diaspora is a key element of colonialism because millions of people habitually travelled to industrialized nations in search of better opportunities overseas. Themes of transformation, alienation, loneliness, and self-discovery are prevalent in the novels written by diasporic authors. Whether you leave your own country deliberately or are forced to, it can be distressing. Authors of diasporic ancestry do a fantastic job of capturing the emotional and physical suffering that their heroes go through when they relocate. People from the diaspora are emotionally and physically cut off from their home country and the rest of the globe despite being crowned, projected, known, and adored in their new community. Sunetra Gupta, an experienced member of the Indian diaspora, looks at how immigrants do in the United States. Most diasporic authors' books deal with themes of change, Characters find tranquilly by staying in their own country in a Sunetra Gupta's novels. They are overjoyed and satisfied because their prior encounters have left them with positive and lasting impressions. This essay makes an attempt to describe and evaluate the problems and experience in her Memories of Rain and A Sin of Color. Examining Sunetra Gupta's works reveals how the West is beginning to recognize migrant Indians as well as how this diasporic Indian adjusts to such a shifting plane of recognition through the never-ending process of re- creation. https://ijels.com/detail/study-of-diaspora-elements-in-sunetra-gupta-s-novels/ Prof. Dr. Shitalbhau A. Tayade, Mrs. Sonam H. Devtale https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-109202322-Studyof.pdf This research paper delves into the contrasting ideologies of Max Nordau, a prominent critic of the 19th century, and Oscar Wilde, a renowned aesthete and playwright, in the context of late Victorian society. Nordau's theory of degeneration, which condemned deviations from societal norms as signs of cultural decay, is analyzed alongside Wilde's deliberate embrace of excess, maximalism, and aestheticism. By juxtaposing Nordau's conservative views against Wilde's avant-garde approach, this paper explores how Wilde's subversion of Victorian beauty standards challenged prevailing notions of aesthetics, morality, and individuality. Through an in-depth examination of Wilde's works and Nordau's critiques, this research sheds light on the intellectual and artistic tension of the era, highlighting the clash between traditional values and emerging avant-garde movements. https://ijels.com/detail/nordau-s-warning-aesthetics-under-siege/ Sumedha Manhas https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-110202332-Nordau.pdf Jhumpa Lahiri is a writer of South Asian origin who was born and brought up in the United States. She debuted with her short story collection Interpreter of Maladies. The stories in this collection glance at the Indo-American diaspora. All the nine stories in this collection are aligned with the recurring patterns. The institution of marriage, romantic relationship and Indian family system vs American family pattern has been focused at length. The subtitle of the novel goes perfectly with the themes of the stories. Geetha Ganapathy- Dore’ notes that “Indian people, films, novels, beauty-queens, food and spirituality cross borders easily.” She adds that Lahiri’s collection was originally sub-titled ‘Bengal, Boston and Beyond’ (58) The three stories chosen for study reflect a modern world that witnesses the assimilation of different cultures and problem of immigrants while living in an ethnic group. “Temporary Matter”, “Sexy” and “Interpreter of Maladies” have been chosen to make the study specific. All of these emphasize on the life and circumstances leading to the rift in marriage and relationships deficit of love. This work also reflects the diaspora experiences of the Indian immigrants belonging to the first and second generation. The lucidity of language and expression are quite commendable. https://ijels.com/detail/rift-in-marriages-a-study-of-family-dynamics-in-jhumpa-lahiri-s-interpreter-of-maladies/ Dr. Pragya Verma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-110202321-Riftin.pdf Various government agencies like the National Drug Dependence Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme (NDDTRO) in India and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) have reported that Punjab has a significant problem with substance abuse. This means that many people in Punjab struggle with addiction to drugs and alcohol. To better understand this issue, the present study aims to find out which substances are most commonly used in Punjab, what physical, social, and psychological effects these substances have on people, and why people in Punjab use these substances in the first place. Total a number of 52 participants who shared their insights on the issues mentioned earlier. The results revealed that substance use has a significant impact on a person’s personal life, career, and financial well-being. Additionally, a majority of participants identified ‘peer pressure’ as one of the primary reasons for initially turning to substance use. The study contributes to the existing knowledge in this direction by shedding light on the specific substances and reasons for their use in a region that is known for its high prevalence. https://ijels.com/detail/substance-use-disorder-in-punjab-patterns-challenges-and-implications/ Anoushka Jain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-110202312-Substance.pdf Maxine Hong Kingston is an American novelist of Chinese descent. Her masterpiece The Woman Warrior (1976) has attracted the attention of many critics, and there are a lot of relevant researches. There are various research directions, including cultural conflict, narrative perspective, feminism and archetypal interpretation. However, there are few studies on the rewriting of the two historical stories of Hua Mulan and Ts’ ai Yen in the works. Starting from two historical stories, this article will study the adaptation and meaning of the novel by the method of intensive reading and analysis of the text. In the rewriting of Mulan's story, the protagonist who grew up under the background of dual culture and life imagined a female image who pursued freedom, equality and realized her own value, which is the rewritten image of Mulan. The rewriting of Ts' ai Yen's story is used to show the dilemma experienced by the protagonist and the final solution of the problem. In rewriting the stories of historical figures, the work shows the struggle and exploration of Chinese Americans who try to establish their cultural identity between Chinese and American dual cultures. https://ijels.com/detail/the-rewriting-and-spreading-of-chinese-culture-in-chinese-american-literature-taking-kingston-s-the-woman-warrior-as-an-example/ Xue Yuhui, Cheng Jia, Wei Lan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-110202337-TheRewriting.pdf Folk theatre is the root of modern Indian drama, and with the advancement of modernity, folk theatre keeps balancing the dynamic aspect of modernity. Most of India's well-known playwrights overcame the limitations of regional language throughout the 1970s and produced a number of excellent plays on a national scale. The majority of their experimental productions were focused on incorporating Indian folk theatre components or performance traditions into mainstream theatre. As a result, we see Utpal Dutt using Jatra in Surya Sikar and Girish Karnad adopting Yakshagna, a traditional type of theatre, in his play Hayavadana (1972). In order to create a new type of theatre that he called the "Third Theatre" or "Street Theatre", Badal Sircar experimented with incorporating folk elements into proscenium theatres. Similar to his contemporaries, Vijay Tendulkar also experimented with many types of folk drama in Ghasiram Kotwal (1972) and other plays. The current study is an integrated effort to concentrate on how tradition and modernity are portrayed in Vijay Tendulkar's plays. Another way to put it is that modernity has economic, social, cultural, and political ramifications. A cultural driving force with social, economic, and political ramifications is tradition. Vijay Tendulkar explores both conventional and contemporary tendencies in his plays through folk theatre. In his plays, he combines elements of heritage and modernism. They are entangled with both modernity and tradition. One may easily notice Tendulkar's keen observation of life in his plays . He strikes a delicate balance between tradition and contemporary in expressing the social realities . The purpose of this article is try to understand how Tendulkar employed various folk theatre styles to express power dynamics and the outcome of oppression, a very modern and postcolonial subject, on stage. https://ijels.com/detail/parallel-interplay-between-tradition-and-folk-theatre-a-study-of-select-works-of-vijay-tendulkar/ Md. Alemul Islam https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-110202328-Parallel.pdf Shashi Deshpande's novel That Long Silence, published in 1988, emerges as a pivotal work within the landscape of Indian literature, particularly in the context of women's writing. Through the lens of its compelling narrative and the intricately developed character of Jaya, the novel delves into the complexities of the female experience in contemporary India. This paper seeks to explore the thematic elements of the 'identity quest' and the profound significance of 'silence' within the narrative. By tracing Jaya's journey in her pursuit of self-discovery and agency amidst societal expectations, this analysis uncovers Deshpande's multi-faceted approach to feminism. The concept of 'silence' emerges as a potent motif, reflecting the intricate dynamics of gender roles and repression. Ultimately, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of Shashi Deshpande's literary contributions and her significant role in shaping feminist discourse within Indian literature. https://ijels.com/detail/the-quest-for-identity-a-feminist-analysis-of-shashi-deshpande-s-novel-that-long-silence/ Sajyia Khanam https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-110202318-TheQuest.pdf Sensitive to the moral problems of their time, Victorian writers in general strive to invent a more appropriate moral code to bridge the axiological gap and foster the advent of a more humane society. George Eliot is one of them. In her novels, she keeps expounding moral principles that constitute her ethical philosophy. Drawing on New Historicism and intertextuality, this paper aims to explore Eliot's ethical thinking in Silas Marner. Specifically, it looks at how Eliot, drawing on her own experiences and the various intellectual sources of her time, forges a moral philosophy through her narrative. The analysis concludes that Eliot proposes humanist values such as love, altruism, honesty, understanding, and compassion to counteract the malevolent forces of egoism and wickedness that are corroding society and have ultimately revealed the moral and social danger of Christian doctrine. https://ijels.com/detail/weaving-a-new-ethics-in-george-eliot-s-silas-marner/ Maurice Gning https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-11020232-Weaving.pdf The caste system roots in the heart of Hinduism and falls apart Hindus into touchable and untouchable. The sweepers are regarded as untouchables and are given no choice and access to their social life. The caste system in Hinduism and, therefore, in the Hindu-majored nation in India is a strong social discriminatory hierarchy that has been exercised for more than two millenniums. Mulk Raj Anand, with a firm belief in the dignity and equality of all human beings, attempts to project a panoramic scene of the caste system by beckoning a single day from the diary of Bakha, an untouchable boy who is a sweeper in profession. The present paper attempts to address the curse and discrimination triggered by the caste system, which is prevalent in Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable. Though the scenes of the novel belong to a small, interior town in Punjab, the happenings are pan-Indian in nature. This paper also argues how the caste system paves the way for inter-caste conflict and exploitation and, apart from several caste discrimination, why changing the upper caste’ outlook is the sole way out to wipe out the stigma of the caste system. https://ijels.com/detail/caste-system-turns-into-a-social-curse-and-social-discrimination-a-study-of-mulk-raj-anand-s-untouchable-in-the-perspective-of-post-independence-bangladesh/ Md. Shamsul Kabir https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-110202320-CasteSystem.pdf Through this comparative analysis of Lora Beth's novel Goddess in the Machine and Alexandre Aja's French film Oxygen we encounter characters suspended in time, awakened in unknown futures, that grapple with the profound implications of humanity's quest for immortality. This dissertation can also be referred to as a study that discusses the impacts created by technology and cryonics on humanity. This study mirrors the complexities of the human experience in a world propelled by technological innovations. My dissertation titled, Cryo Quest: A Comparative Study of the Frozen Frontiers in Lora Beth's Novel Goddess in the Machine and Alexandre Aja's film Oxygen, is divided into four sections. The first section introduces the concept of cryogenics and its applications, along with the evolution of cryo novels and its influence in literature. The second section contains an overview of both works thus comparatively analyzing the protagonists 'Andra' and 'Liz', emphasising their character developments, motifs and personalities. Applying Abraham Maslow's psychological theory, 'Hierarchy of Needs,' to substantiate the connection between psychology and cryo fiction. Third section studies the cryo elements portrayed in both works, giving special focus on identity crisis, survival struggles, alienation, loneliness, disorientation, fragmentation of memories, haunting nostalgia, future of technology, its impacts, etc…The final section discusses how both writers utilize their respective mediums to portray characters. It also sheds light on the relevance of cryo fiction as a representation of the future. https://ijels.com/detail/cryo-quest-a-comparative-study-of-the-frozen-frontiers-in-lora-beth-s-novel-goddess-in-the-machine-and-alexandre-aja-s-film-oxygen/ Nikitha S Miranda https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-110202331-CryoQuest.pdf William Shakespeare's theatrical works have long been a fertile ground for reinterpretation and transformation. Within his plays, he explored fundamental themes such as love, marriage, family dynamics, issues of race and class, humour, betrayal, malevolence, vengeance, murder, and mortality. Through his masterful storytelling, Shakespeare crafted enduring characters, spanning from common criminals to noble monarchs, who have transcended time to become enduring archetypes in modern drama, while still retaining their relatable human essence. These timeless themes and iconic characters provide filmmakers with a rich reservoir of raw material to create visually captivating cinematic experiences. Renowned director Vishal Bhardwaj garnered substantial critical acclaim for his trilogy, with "Maqbool" drawing inspiration from "Macbeth," "Omkara" from "Othello," and "Haider" adapted from Shakespeare's "Hamlet." Nevertheless, Bhardwaj exercised creative liberties in moulding these narratives to suit his cinematic vision. This article embarks on an exploration of the comparative analysis between Vishal Bhardwaj's "Maqbool" and Shakespeare's "Macbeth." The discussion commences with a succinct overview of comparative literature, progressing to a detailed examination of the opening scenes, the art of characterization, the diverse dramatic techniques employed, the setting, and the denouement. Moreover, it delves into the points of convergence and divergence between the adaptation ("Maqbool") and the original source text ("Macbeth"). https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparative-study-of-macbeth-adapted-as-maqbool-by-vishal-bharadwaj/ Neha Kumari Ray https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-110202322-Acomparative.pdf Even though the concept of Womanism has roots in Black Feminism, still it can form some relevance and connection with Indian Feminism. Alice Walker (1944-) an African Black woman writer has positioned “Womanist/Womanism” in her critically acclaimed collection of essays, “In Search of Our Mother’s Gardens: Womanist Prose”. Roughly, in Post-Independence India, women’s active involvement in politics advances their positions. The proportion of women in the Indian Education System skyrocketed. Due to awareness, Indian women make decisions in the realms of social, economic, and religious issues as well. Now, women lawyers, activists, politicians, administrators, and others focus on the upliftment of women’s conditions in India. These give birth to women-specific organizations, acts, amendments, and laws. In Indian Feminism based on the above-discussed layouts, there have been three waves in the last eighty years. Indian Womanism can be one of the most significant segments of Indian Feminism of the contemporary era. The primary aim of the Researcher is to conceptualize Indian Womanism while unwrapping the palimpsest narrative of Prabha Khaitan’s autobiography named A Life Apart. The second contention is to situate Prabha Khaitan as the best possible exemplar of an Indian Womanist instead of an Indian Feminist in the background of A Life Apart: An Autobiography. https://ijels.com/detail/concepts-of-womanism-feminism-in-a-life-apart-an-autobiography-by-prabha-khaitan/ Prity Kumari Choudhary, Dr. Samir Kumar Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-110202325-Concepts.pdf When the norms of a civilized society are nonexistent and the rules and regulations to control human behavior are absent or inadequate, an eccentric outburst of violence and cruelty overpowers the civilized and controlled conduct of human being. In terms of the daily acts of violence performed by one man against another, whether on a small, personal level or during large world wars, Golding's portrayal of this aspect of human nature in his novel The Lord of the Flies appears to be very true. On the other hand, Conrad has depicted in Heart of Darkness the qualities that make us human, primarily the darker aspects of our nature, such as man's pride of his own superiority. This approach is revealed when the colonizers in Africa treat the natives more cruelly and dehumanizingly due of the primitive manner of their life and weaponry. In both of the novels the settings are dark and deep forest, which holds a special place in the human imagination because it allows us to briefly put our urbane, civilized selves aside and let our wild selves take over the control. This essay makes an effort to pinpoint and examine the weird behavior of violence that flares out in a remote, wild setting, away from the network of civilization. https://ijels.com/detail/weird-in-the-wild-a-study-of-bizarre-human-behavior-far-from-the-framework-of-civilization-in-the-heart-of-darkness-and-lord-of-the-flies/ Tasnim Amin, Nur Selina https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-110202335-Weirdn.pdf The period of late Chartism beginning in the late 1840s coincided with the transformation of the British press as a reaction to the advancement in industrial capitalism and the changing character of the public sphere to which it contributed directly. The resultant emergence of the British press in the mid nineteenth century from a political discourse to print journalism had direct political implication on the working class/Chartist press as well as their political agitation and plebeian public sphere. This paper will explore the effect of the ‘popular’ (both the press and culture) on the Chartist Press and literature and how the Chartist writers and editors including Ernest Jones and George W.M. Reynolds appropriated the emergent notion of the popular for radical political propaganda. I will argue that the staple rhetoric and dominant form of nineteenth century melodrama and sensationalism were used by these authors to create a distinctive class-conscious readership. Melodrama became, in the Chartist press, both an emotional reaction to the liberal capitalist economy’s classificatory politics as well as formed a resistance to the same creating a distinctive working class public sphere that publicized the private in political terms. https://ijels.com/detail/the-literary-form-and-revolution-the-politics-of-melodrama-in-late-chartist-literature/ Thinkal Hansan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-110202330-TheLiterary.pdf This study discusses the condition of the women during 1950s and 1960s. She generalizes her state as being a woman living among a male-dominated society. Her mental state and dissatisfaction reflect her life as a female poet. This study justifies her hatred of men through some notions of the French feminist Luce Irigaray to analyze Plath’s feelings and emotions regarding her hatred towards men. The motives behind her suicidal attempts are explained in this study as well as the fears that she holds in her heart about present and future. https://ijels.com/detail/luce-irigaray-and-women-in-sylvia-plath-s-paralytic/ Hasan Hussein Karo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-110202324-LuceIrigaray.pdf The study of memory, power, and identity explores how power dynamics within societies shape the construction and preservation of collective and individual memories, ultimately influencing the formation and evolution of identities. Accordingly, this research delves into the intricate relationship between memory, identity, and power by analysing two dystopian novels, Lois Lowry’s The Giver and Yoko Ogawa’s The Memory Police. In both the narratives, the theme of memory and its profound influence is apparent. Lowry drew inspiration from her father’s memory loss, prompting her exploration of a world where painful memories are intentionally eliminated. Ogawa pays homage to Anne Frank’s The Diary of a Young Girl and explores contemporary anxieties surrounding surveillance, media manipulation, and authoritarianism. This study seeks to examine how the manipulation of memory by authoritarian regimes impacts the sense of self and collective identity in both the texts. Drawing from the methods of memory studies and literary analysis, the paper explores how the characters in these novels navigate a world where memories are controlled, suppressed, or erased, leading to a disruption in the formation of individual and group identities. Through a comparative analysis of the two works, the paper uncovers the ways in which the manipulation of memory serves as a tool for maintaining dominance and shaping collective consciousness, ultimately distorting individual and communal identities. This study ultimately reveals how language and writing can also be used to resist the dominance of authoritarian regimes over the perceptions of the past, present, and future of individuals and communities. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-the-nexus-of-memory-power-and-identity-in-lois-lowry-s-the-giver-and-yoko-ogawa-s-the-memory-police/ Nandini Jaithalia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-110202327-Exploring.pdf The advent of digitalization raises the question of whether or not the printed word will ever be revived. Print is having a difficult time surviving outside of institutional settings such as workplaces and universities. The transition from printed books to electronic books is the major event that has forever changed not only the academic world but also the world as a whole. The open access movement got its start because scientists, libraries, and the general public were dissatisfied with the extremely high prices of many scientific, technical, and medical publications and the accompanying lack of accessibility. Now eLibrary has become a reality. The digitization of print has had significant positive impacts on several sectors, including publishing, education, research, and libraries. Through media archaeology the sedimented and layered world of eBooks and eLibrary, will be unearthed afresh as new technologies become outmoded. https://ijels.com/detail/digitizing-the-print-an-archaeology-of-ebooks-and-elibrary/ Mutum Yoiremba https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-103202334-Digitizing.pdf This paper explores the epistemic dimensions of Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day (1980), interrogating how knowledge is produced, mediated, and resisted within familial, cultural, and gendered frameworks. Focusing on the characters of Bim, Tara, Raja, and Aunt Mira, the article examines how epistemologies of gender, colonialism, and domesticity intersect to define authority, memory, and identity. The narrative functions as a site of epistemic tension, wherein Desai’s characters grapple with not just personal histories but also larger cultural and intellectual discourses. The study foregrounds the way Desai challenges dominant modes of knowing, particularly patriarchal and colonial constructs, through her nuanced portrayal of female consciousness. https://ijels.com/detail/reconfiguring-knowledge-and-the-politics-of-knowing-in-anita-desai-s-clear-light-of-day/ Dr. Ujjwal Biswas https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-103202339-Reconfiguring.pdf Marital rape remains one of the most contested and under-recognised forms of sexual violence in India, largely due to the continued existence of a legal exception that excludes non-consensual sexual acts within marriage from the ambit of rape. This paper critically examines the need for legal recognition of marital rape through constitutional, socio-cultural, and human rights perspectives. It analyses the historical roots of the marital rape exception, prevailing patriarchal norms, and traditional perceptions of consent that have normalised sexual violence within marriage. The study further evaluates the existing legal framework, judicial responses, and comparative international practices, highlighting inconsistencies with constitutional guarantees of equality, dignity, and bodily autonomy. Drawing upon empirical data and evolving jurisprudence, the paper argues that non-criminalisation perpetuates gender inequality and denies married women effective legal protection. It concludes by advocating comprehensive legal reform, supported by safeguards, awareness, and institutional sensitisation, to align Indian law with constitutional morality and gender justice. https://ijels.com/detail/marital-rape-in-india-need-for-legal-recognition/ Jyoti https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-103202398-Marital.pdf