https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usJune 9 This descriptive study was conducted for the purpose of determining the effectiveness of using imageries in the field of grammar teaching, particularly in spotting modifier errors. In doing so, researchers made a total of 116 college students taking up a skills-based English subject in the School Year 2019-2020 participate. Their participation came in the form of engaging in a paired work classroom activity and answering a 15-item multiple choice test/ quiz before and after being taught how to use imageries in spotting the previously-mentioned grammar error. Comparison and contrast of performances expressed in frequencies and percentages during the classroom activity and during the quiz were then done to determine possible effects and implications. As a result, it was found that the chosen pedagogical intervention (i.e., usage of imageries) had noteworthy impact in improving students’ ability in spotting modifier errors. https://ijels.com/detail/imageries-in-grammar-teaching-effects-and-usefulness/ Christiandon G. Aviado, Kim Kenneth T. Ayroso, Mark Jayson V. Bautista https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-104202341-Imageries.pdf The present work, entitled Some peculiarities of the use of definite articles in proper nouns (anthroponyms and toponyms): a semantic approach in a comparative perspective between Mozambican Portuguese and European Portuguese, has as main objective to analyze the use of definite articles in proper nouns ( anthroponyms and toponyms) in Mozambican Portuguese. In this sense, we try to describe the different contexts in which the presence/absence of definite articles in proper names (anthroponyms and toponyms) occurs in European Portuguese (EP), we also try to compare the use of definite articles in proper names (anthroponyms and toponyms) in Mozambican Portuguese (PM) with European Portuguese (PE). The study is of a descriptive nature and to carry out the data analysis, a written corpus was built that resulted from the application of two linguistic tests, namely a provoked production test (filling in empty spaces in Portuguese sentences), composed of thirteen ( 13) sentences and a test of grammaticality and/or acceptability judgments, consisting of twenty-six (26) sentences. The inquiry was directed to eighty (80) students of the 10th Grade of the Secondary School of Tete. The analyzed data allowed us to verify that in the variety of Mozambican Portuguese, speakers constantly omit the definite articles in sentences with simple anthroponyms in different positions and contexts, thus creating a difference with European Portuguese; they omit definite articles in contexts where simple toponyms occur (referring to place names that designate landforms),in a predicative syntactic position of the subject; in short, the study allowed us to verify several differences in the two varieties of Portuguese, with regard to the use and/or omission of definite articles in different contexts. https://ijels.com/detail/some-particularities-of-the-use-of-definite-articles-in-proper-nouns-antroponyms-and-toponyms-a-semantic-approach-in-a-comparative-perspective-between-mozambican-portuguese-and-european-portuguese/ Rufino Alfredo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-10520236-Some.pdf Girish Karnad , a genius, one of the most prominent English play-wrights. Bohie Bhimanna hails from Andhra Pradesh. Karnad from Karnataka, while both writers exposed contemporary social and political issues in their plays. They highlighted the darker aspects of life so as to revolutionize and reform the men and manners of the people. Both writers tried to voice the hardships, emotions, and feelings of the poor, down trodden and subjugated people in their works. https://ijels.com/detail/dalit-aspects-in-the-plays-of-bohie-bhimmana-and-girish-karnad-a-comparison/ G. Kiran Kumar Reddy, Paul Krupakar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-104202333-Dalitaspects.pdf In 1947, a ghastly incident occurred in the Indian Sub-continent known as Partition of India under which two new countries India and Pakistan came into existence. And for these countries the incident proved to be the most atrocious and catastrophic incident in human history due to the occurrence of incessant robbery, kidnapping, rape and murder. Since then, Partition of India has been the most gruesome and ugly past of Indian history which puts the nation to shame whenever remembered or discussed. The partition and the associated bloody riots compelled many creative minds to create literary pieces capturing the inhuman acts of murder and brutal slaughter on both sides. The trauma of partition and agony experienced by the people of Indian Sub-continent found its voice in the literature of Partition written by various writers of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh in different languages. While some creations depicted the massacres during the refugee migration, others concentrated on the aftermath of the partition in terms of difficulties faced by the refugees on both sides of the border. Even now, after more than 75 years of partition, works of fiction and films are made that relate to the events of partition. A few literatures describing the human cost of independence and partition are ‘Train to Pakistan’ by Khushwant Singh, ‘Toba Tek Singh’ by Saadat Hassan Manto, ‘Tamas’ by Bhisham Sahni, and ‘Midnight’s Children’ by Salman Rushdi. The present paper deals with the sensitive story picked from a Punjabi novel ‘Pinjar’ written by Amrita Pritam. Amrita is a prominent writer from Punjab who has provided an avid expression of the lives and experiences of women during Partition in many of her poems and novels. Pinjar is an appalling and petrifying story of a Hindu Girl who is kidnapped by a Muslim young man who marries her. In the course of events the girl again gets a chance to meet her family and re-unite which she is compelled to refuse as her parents denied accepting her saying that she has been defiled by a non-Hindu. The novel, in its flow of narration, unfolds the harrowing journey of innocent females whose whole life is rendered shattered due to a single episode called ‘partition’. https://ijels.com/detail/amrita-pritam-s-pinjar-a-poignant-depiction-of-wrath-of-partition-on-weaker-sex/ Dr. Darkhasha, Dilkesh Kumar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-10520233-Amrita.pdf “A Road to the Big City” is one of Doris Lessing's classic short stories, which depicts three typical characters in society at that time. This article believes that the three characters correspond to the three levels of Freud's personality theory, and based on this, analyzes and explores the reasons behind the character's behavior. https://ijels.com/detail/the-choice-of-characters-under-the-collapse-of-values-interpreting-a-road-to-the-big-city-from-psychoanalytic-theory/ Jin Mengqi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-104202328-TheChoice.pdf This study deals with Wole Soyinka’s two plays, A Dance of the Forests and Kongi’s Harvest with the aim is to show the use of allusions in the depiction of the glory and the decline of the African past. The two plays, from the same literary tradition enables us to explore Nigerian viewpoints of ancient and recent history. By appropriating the discussions of Gerard Genette, Michael Leddy, William Irwin, John Campbell and Allan Pasco on the use of allusion in literature, we argue that when the author refers to history in his works, he employs allusions to affirm or oppose certain notions. Wole Soyinka alludes to history to affirm the the glory of the African past and also to oppose to some of the other facts that prove the collapse of the African empires. Both plays implicitly utilise the glory and the collapse of African empires but each one employs these incidents according to the viewpoint and cultural background of its author. Hence, the different employment of history reveals contestations of worldviews which are symptomatic of the ideological clashes between the Africans among themselves, and the Europeans. https://ijels.com/detail/allusions-in-wole-soyinka-s-a-dance-of-the-forests-and-kongi-s-harvest/ Anicet Odilon Matongo Nkouka https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-104202324-Allusionsin.pdf This article delves into the ecofeminist themes present in Jeff Vander Meer’s novel "Annihilation," examining the interconnectedness of humans and nature, the portrayal of female characters, the idea of the feminine as a force of transformation, and the critique of humanity's relationship with nature. "Annihilation" challenges traditional notions of nature, femininity, and agency through its depiction of the mysterious and uncanny landscape of Area X. The novel presents nature as a powerful force that cannot be fully understood or controlled, disrupting the human-centric view of the environment. The female characters in "Annihilation" are portrayed as capable, independent, and in tune with the environment, challenging traditional gender roles and stereotypes. The novel also explores the idea of the feminine as a force of transformation and change, as the protagonist, the Biologist, undergoes a personal transformation in the face of the enigmatic environment of Area X. Additionally, "Annihilation" critiques humanity's relationship with nature through its portrayal of the secretive organization, the Southern Reach, which seeks to control and exploit the mysteries of Area X. Overall, this article offers an in-depth analysis of the ecofeminist themes in "Annihilation," highlighting its thought-provoking exploration of nature, femininity, and agency in a mysterious landscape. https://ijels.com/detail/ecofeminist-explorations-in-jeff-vander-meer-s-annihilation-nature-femininity-and-agency-in-a-mysterious-landscape/ Shalini Somasundaram https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-104202316-Ecofeminist.pdf The study determined the priority training needs of the KSULHS adopted school. Specifically, it sought to answer the following objectives: to determine the training needs of the basic education teachers along with the different disciplines and to determine the priority needs among the different disciplines. To answer the following objectives, a descriptive type of research was used by the researchers. In which the responses were gathered through a questionnaire that was administered to twenty-five (25) basic education teachers in Balawag National High School and Balawag Elementary School, Balawag, Tabuk City, Kalinga. After which the responses were measured through the Five-Point Likert Scale. The frequency counts, percentage, mean, and rank were used to compute the responses. As been revealed that the training needs by the basic education teachers were the needed priority in all of the disciplines. The computer skill with a mean of 3.92 ranked first as one of the priority training of the teachers. The Technology and Livelihood Education follow it, with a mean of 3.80. The three Disciplines of Language, Mathematics, Music, Arts & Physical Education, ranked third, were considered the needed priorities with 3.76. Social Science and Science Discipline ranked fourth and fifth with a mean of 3.68 and 3.52 respectively. These findings of the study serve as an input for the most needed priority training by the teachers for improvement in their professional endeavors. https://ijels.com/detail/disciplined-based-training-needs-assessment/ Lynlyn M. Bawagan, Grethen C. Tuquilar, Sudemai Pauline D. Buen, Marjorie A. Onalan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-105202323-Disciplined.pdf This article introduces the book Systemic Functional Grammar: A First Step into the Theory by Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen and M.A.K. Halliday, overviewing its contents and features. This book has involved the research fields, research models, key terms, and the origin and developmental stages of Systemic Functional Linguistics, which is the required reading to enter this filed of linguistics study and is significant for beginners. https://ijels.com/detail/the-required-reading-for-entering-systemic-functional-linguistics-a-review-of-systemic-functional-grammar-a-first-step-into-the-theory/ Jiajian Wu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-105202322-TheRequired.pdf This study looks into the awareness and compliance of the students, faculty, and staff of Kalinga State University on the Solid Waste Management Program. The level of awareness and extent of compliance of the respondents with the provisions of the solid waste management program along the segregation, 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), and disposal was looked into. Therelationship between the awareness and compliance of the respondents with the provisions of the solid waste management program was also identified. A total of three hundred sixty-seven (367) respondents participated in the study and was participated by the faculty, staff and students who finished their Environmental Science. Result shows that the majority of the respondents were students. The study revealed that solid waste management program were not really practiced and observed by the respondents. Respondents are somewhat aware of the provision of solid waste management according to segregation or separation and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) incuding disposal. Based on the results, it is recommended to have a mass implementation of the program since results show that the respondents are partially aware and never comply with the provisions of the solid waste management program according to disposal. Follow-up evaluation on awareness and compliance of the respondents should be done to detect decay in retention and performance. Disseminate concepts/techniques of segregation, recycling, and composting to the respondents. Information dissemination campaign to proper storage and pilling of waste at their house as well as to their environment. Increase public awareness of the negative impacts of solid waste management. Coordinate with adjacent barangays to be able to establish a common materials recovery facility. https://ijels.com/detail/awareness-and-compliance-of-the-students-faculty-and-staff-of-kalinga-state-university-on-the-solid-waste-management-program/ Cherry Ann D. Bona, Melanie S. Manuel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-10520239-Awareness.pdf Though thousands of species exist on our planet, it is ruled by only humans. Our greed to expand our domination has disturbed the ecology. When technological advancement doesn’t result in sustainable development, it brings environmental destruction. Man's senseless misuse of nature results in his own downfall. Avatar(2009) is such a science fiction film that portrays man’s anthropocentric attitude towards the environment. The research paper explores environmental concerns in James Cameron’s Avatar(2009). The human and nature relationship is depicted in depth in the film. Ecocriticism is the study of how nature is represented in literature. There is a lot of emphasis on how human relationships with the environment are depicted in a work of art. It aims to make people aware of the need to alter their thoughts and actions in order to avoid environmental degradation and enhance environmental conservation in the modern day. https://ijels.com/detail/james-cameron-s-avatar-2009-an-ecocritical-study-of-the-na-vi-culture-and-their-relationship-with-nature/ Purnanshu S. Dudhatra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-105202310-JamesCameron.pdf The transition of educational institution from face-to-face classes to online distance learning amidst COVID-19 pandemic demands educators to exert effort in teaching students more than ever. This study focuses on determining the perception and challenges met in online distance learning, and its impact towards well-being of faculty members with designation in Bohol Island State University for academic year 2021-2022. This quantitative research undertaking made use of descriptive-correlational research design with the aid of adopted questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Percentage, Weighted Mean, Standard Deviation, Chi-squared Test of Independence and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. Such statistical analyses were done using R statistical programming language. The results showed that faculty has achieved high extent of well-being despite various challenges met in the conduct of online classes. Moreover, Pearson r correlation revealed a significant positive correlation between perception of online distance learning and teachers’ well-being. It was concluded that positive view of online distance learning is associated with high well-being in teaching as well as in the personal lives of the teachers. As for recommendation, there is a need to conduct seminar or training related to effective implementation of online distance learning. https://ijels.com/detail/online-distance-learning-and-well-being-of-faculty-with-designation-in-bohol-island-state-university/ Jonathan V. Oludin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-105202318-Online.pdf The following paper looks at the question of readership and the future of print in a post pandemic scenario. While keeping the broad framework of that future of print in mind, the paper looks at the journey of the newspaper Dainik Bhaskar which is one of the top five daily periodicals by circulation in the world. The effect of the pandemic on the newspaper industry in general and Bhaskar’s particular response to it help us nuance the picture of the future of print through the lens of access to capital, resources etc. The question of diverging trends when it comes to newspaper readership in India and the world are also taken up. https://ijels.com/detail/indian-newspaper-readership-and-the-impact-of-covid-19-a-case-of-dainik-bhaskar/ Akshat Seth https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-105202331-Indian.pdf This study was focused on horrible experiences during the super typhoon Odette among Bonbon Small Vendor and Worker Association (BSVAWA) members, a registered women group in Barangay Bonbon. This is an adopted Barangay where (BSVAWA) resides, located near the coastal area of Clarin. The aim of the study was to assess the experiences, coping mechanisms, and concerns with the super typhoon Odette through focus group discussion and coping style survey questionnaire. The researcher concluded the dominating shared experience were terrible fear due to very strong wind and first-time experiences of high-flooding that destroyed their homes and properties. It was concluded that the identified coping style among the BSVAWA members is the Problem-Focused Coping Style which was ranked first with a weighted mean of 3.38 described as a medium amount of coping style which was interpreted as an ideal coping mechanism for stressful situation. Result showed that the major concern of the respondents was in need of a job and livelihood for survival, and most importantly an aid to rebuild their home as one of the physiological needs and safety. The researcher recommends to create a program and activities that would help respondents on their holistic recovery from the unpleasant experience and program to mitigate stress in every natural disaster and improve their health and wellness. This will be a baseline data that will be important for the Local Government Unit of the area. https://ijels.com/detail/experiences-coping-style-and-concerns-of-bsvawa-with-super-typhoon-odette/ Riza B. Salipong https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-105202317-Experiences.pdf Citation use is a significant challenge for Colombian undergraduate English teachers. Continuing the line of inquiry on citation difficulties in nonnative novice writers, the present study aims at describing the main difficulties this group of students have in citing external sources. The analysis was carried out on 30 theoretical framework chapters from their monographs. Findings indicate that (1) Some undergraduate English teachers lack further textual elaboration since they just cite but do not explain or make a comment to complement the external authors’ idea; (2) These undergraduate English teachers lack citation type variety because the predominat citation type is integral citation, turning the disocurse monotonous; (3) These teachers highly employ attribution as the main citation function which indicates an epistemological dependency on key disciplinary authors since external authors’ ideas are duplicated. This study can be used to raise awareness on nonnative undergraduate English teachers towards better citation practices in their disciplinary academic papers, which can be supported by (a) formal direct instruction in writing composition courses, in research tutoring sessions, etc., and in institutional research hotbeds; (b) analysis of experts’ texts to identify and understand the important features of academic English; (c) incorporation of studies like the present one and others in the universiry syllabus of research and writing composition courses. https://ijels.com/detail/citation-difficulties-in-nonnative-undergraduate-english-teachers-monographs/ Wilmar Salazar Obeso https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-105202311-Citation.pdf A refugee is a person who is forced to leave his or her home country due to war, violence or persecution and seeks safety by crossing public borders, with no intention of returning home. The number of refugees has increased due to major crises around the world as the conflict in Syria, Afghanistan and South Sudan, etc. In Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West, the impact of refugees is explored, with a focus on the challenges of exile such as language barriers, racism, financial difficulties and ongoing health of a young couple, Saeed and Nadia, as they flee their country due to civil war and start a new life through magic doors. The major themes in the novel are refugees, migration and terrorism. The advantages of refugees include economic growth, new ideas and artistic imandpact, but it also brings social, economical, political problems. Exit West by Mohsin Hamid is a book that sheds insight on the current global refugee issues. The book was released in the year of 2017. https://ijels.com/detail/tracing-the-predicament-of-refugees-in-mohsin-hamid-s-exit-west/ Mausumi Pattanayak, Mukesh Tiwari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-105202320-Tracing.pdf This writing highlights relatively the writings of late modernism in literature. It gives an overview of the development of late modernism and writers responded to it. The second half of the 20th century writings created its own genre in the literary field. There is a study to conceptualize and historicize late modernism with greater precision. We can put our attentions to the writings 1930’s, 1940’s and 1950’s. Each of these sections serves a double function. First, they offer close readings of late modernism writings that deal how the society witnessed changes after II World War. Second, it focuses on the aesthetic dimensions of late modernism and the writers who contributed to this through their works. Many poets responded to late modernism and highlighted the features of late modernism in their writings. https://ijels.com/detail/late-modernism-in-literary-works/ Rishika A. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-105202339-Late.pdf The role of school management and governance is increasingly acknowledged as important for providing effective services at all education levels. It is important to acknowledge since it is considered as the strong foundation of quality education. With this the researchers of this study aimed to determine the students’ and teachers’ perceptions toward school governance; to know the significant influence of instructional leadership towards the effectiveness of school management system and governance; and to identify if there is a significant relationship between students’ and teachers’ perceptions towards various areas of school management system and governance. Using the sequential explanatory mixed-methods design strategy in which both descriptive quantitative and qualitative research design, and cluster random sampling method, 341 students and 243 teachers as respondents were selected from 15 elementary schools from San Miguel North District, Schools Division of Bulacan, Philippines. After the analysis using both descriptive and inferential statistics, the results shows that school community perceived that the school heads provide leadership in the improvement of the instructional program as “always” in terms of instructional leadership, clear mission, parent and community involvement, teacher involvement, safe and orderly environment, frequent monitoring, positive school climate, opportunities for learning, and budget allocation. Accordingly, the results revealed that instructional leadership has highly significant relationship to school management system and governance and students’ teachers’ perceptions toward school management system and governance indicated that highly significant to significant difference were acquired in areas of instructional leadership and parent and community involvement. Therefore, school community perceived almost the same perspectives in accordance with leadership behavior and effective parent and community participation. To sum up, results implied that students and teachers were strongly agreed that instructional leadership influenced almost all the areas of school management system and governance in obtaining school’s effectiveness. Also, the respondents’ answers suggested that school community has almost similar perceptions when it comes to principal’s instructional leadership and involvement of parent and community with the school administrators. https://ijels.com/detail/school-management-system-and-governance-of-elementary-school-heads-as-perceived-by-the-school-community/ Jude Martin P. Alvarez, Rachelle C. Mempin, Robert Jayson G. Morales, Angelica A. Ocampo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-105202316-SchoolManagement.pdf The paper entitled ‘Finding Out Why Bram Stoker Wrote ‘Dracula’ is actually a research work inspired by the circumstances surrounding the publication of the book. The article proposes to find out what inspired Bram Stoker to write a novel of the stature of ‘Dracula’. Reading through several manuscripts, journals and online materials one can conclude that Bram Stoker took a lot of trouble to publish his work. He researched widely and went to a lot of places before finally deciding on the location, characters and plot of ‘Dracula’. A peep into his biography, his friends and influences has also been provided in the paper. Besides, his readings are also referred to. There is a detail about how the first hundred pages went missing, how and where they were ultimately found and how they were again republished. There is a look into the Journal entries of Jonathan Harker, the main character in the novel as well. These entries corroborate the findings of Bram Stoker about the legend called ‘Dracula’ and the true elements in the book as per the stories or folk lores read by him. https://ijels.com/detail/finding-out-why-bram-stoker-wrote-dracula/ P. Rebecca https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-105202315-Findingout.pdf In recent years, English has been taught as a compulsory subject in Vietnamese primary schools. It is necessary for all EFL teachers and educators at primary schools to understand young learners’ attitudes towards EFL learning. The aim of this study is to explore the young learners’ attitudes (YLs) towards learning EFL at a public primary school (Henceforth called PPS) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam with the participation of 133 fifth grade students. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through the employment of the questionnaire and interviews. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used. The results of the study revealed that most YLs have a positive attitude towards learning EFL. In addition, several pedagogical implications are provided for EFL teachers and YLs in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning English in PPS in particular and in other similar EFL contexts in general. https://ijels.com/detail/young-learners-attitudes-towards-learning-english-as-a-foreign-language-a-study-at-a-primary-school/ Do Thi Bich Hue, Le Van Tuyen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-105202325-YoungLearners.pdf Given that the use of Dalit feminist theory in Bollywood films is a relatively new area of study, an article on this topic may have significant implications for both academics and the Indian film industry. Growing the intersectionality dialogue: Intersectionality, which recognises how many forms of oppression, such as caste, gender, class, and race, interact and have an impact on people's lives, is a central concept in feminist theory. By utilising Dalit feminist theory in Bollywood films, it may be possible to better understand caste and gender intersections in the Indian setting and how they emerge in the film business. This research could deepen feminist theory and broaden the intersectionality debate. It is important to highlight that Dalits are disproportionately underrepresented in both on-screen and behind-the-scenes professions in the film industry. https://ijels.com/detail/breaking-the-caste-ceiling-dalit-feminism-in-bollywood/ Jyoti Mehta, Dr. Anil Adagale https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-105202333-Breaking.pdf Paul Auster habitually uses multiple narrative structures in his novels and situates the reader in a mesh of narratives in which neither a real narrator is discerned nor the protagonist’s identity is distinguishable. In Man in the Dark, Auster uses two dystopic narrative lines in the novel with undistinguished characters’ identity to question the credulity of grand-narrative. In Lyotard’s theory of postmodernism, credulity of grand narratives is questioned since it disregards different voices in the novels. Brill and Brick are one character but with two functions in the novel. Brill tells a story consciously and tries to recreate a self-made story about Brick who is a semi-fabricated story of Brill who tries to deconstruct alternative America, though political decisions were different. The idea of dystopia, identity confusion, and temporal and spatial confusion in the novel reveals the possibility of a narration in one way or the other. Temporally, the past and present are connected through reinterpretations and imaginations which disproves the credulity of narratives in the present novel. Auster constructs and deconstructs identities and narratives in American setting and implies that most of the unspoken and suppressed aspects of narratives reduce the credulity of grand-narratives. https://ijels.com/detail/incredulity-of-grand-narratives-dystopic-alternative-and-suppressed-narratives-in-paul-auster-s-man-in-the-dark/ Faramarz Elyasi, Ehsan Hassani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-104202339-Incredulity.pdf The emergence of Indian novels in English was not purely a literary phenomenon. Rather than a historical romance, it began as a novel of social realism. Social realism is the faithful representation of reality. It limns familiar real-life places and mundane, everyday stories of ordinary people, primarily society's middle and lower classes. The depiction of different shades of modern Indian life is one of the principal sources of appeal in Shashi Tharoor's fiction and non-fiction works. Tharoor's writings predominantly deal with India's historical, social or political aspects, and the characters are the central focus of the narratives. Tharoor's The Five Dollar Smile And Other Stories (1990) is a collection of short stories and a farce based on his childhood and early adulthood anecdotes. The stories reflect themes like love, hate, loss, deceit, and many other social evils. The paper attempts to explore and critically analyse Tharoor's collection of short stories in the light of social realism in modern India from an adolescent's perception. https://ijels.com/detail/apprehending-the-contemporary-indian-society-through-the-lens-of-social-realism-a-study-of-shashi-tharoor-s-the-five-dollar-smile-and-other-stories/ Priyanka Marwaha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-105202335-Apprehending.pdf English has long been recognized as a worldwide language. English is also regarded as one of the most essential educational goals at colleges and universities in Vietnam. It is vital to teach students how to enhance their English reading comprehension skills as well as how to deal with potential problems that may arise throughout their EFL learning process in the future. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate non-English majored students’ perceptions of strategies in learning English reading comprehension at a vocational college in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study included 123 non-English-majoring students who were studying English at the vocational college. Two instruments, a questionnaire, and an interview, were used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the acquired data. The study's findings revealed that most students employ metacognitive reading strategies more frequently when studying English reading comprehension, and more than half of students use cognitive reading strategies very often. The study also presented many recommendations for both teachers, with the goal of making a little contribution to the teaching of English at the vocational college. This research will offer information on the execution of teaching English reading comprehension skills in the vocational college’s environment and other similar contexts. https://ijels.com/detail/strategies-used-in-learning-english-reading-comprehension-among-students-at-vocational-college/ Nguyen Ngoc Dang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-105202314-Strategies.pdf This paper looks briefly at the configuration of spatio-temporality and subjectivity in James Joyce’s short story ‘Araby’ from the thematic perspective of courtly love and chivalric romance and through Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope and elements of Heideggerian phenomenology and Lacanian psychoanalysis. https://ijels.com/detail/spatio-temporality-and-subjectivity-in-james-joyce-s-araby/ Anik Samanta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-105202330-Spatio.pdf Nowadays people prefer to watch movie adaptations of a work rather than reading it. The main reason is the novel of around two fifty to n number of pages will finish within one and a half to three hours of duration. Even students of literature follow this trend of watching movies rather than reading books. The positive and negative of this trend are different for a student or academia of literature and people from other professions. Through this research paper, I am analyzing what are the positive and negative sides of this trend? How can we acquire the habit of reading books? What are the limitations of film adaptations? How can some directors overcome these limitations? The research is based on my view on five movies from multiple languages including Malayalam, English, Swedish, Hindi and Italian that are adapted from famous novels and plays. The movies are Joji (2021), The Colour Purple (1985), A Man Called Ove (2015), 2 States (2014) and Canterbury Tales (1972) https://ijels.com/detail/why-do-people-choose-watching-adaptations-of-english-literature-over-reading-it/ Abin Mathew https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-105202329-WhyDo.pdf This study investigated curbing of national insecurity through effective use of language. The study assessed the present state of insecurity in Nigeria, language as a panacea to the insecurity ill that plague our nation, Nigeria and the role of language in ensuring peaceful co-existence in the nation. The study adopted a descriptive research design of survey type. The sample size of 100 respondents which included lecturers and students was drawn from the population of 345 members of Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere chapter. The instrument for data collection was a self-structured questionnaire tagged “Language as a Panacea to Curbing Insecurity in Nigeria (LPCIN) Questionnaire”. The three research questions raised to guide the study were answered using descriptive analysis of simple frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The two (2) research hypotheses formulated for the study were tested using Chi-square (χ2) statistic of independent sample at 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of the study revealed that there was significant influence of language on the state of insecurity in Nigeria. It was also revealed that there was significant influence of appropriate use of language on the improved peaceful co-existence in Nigeria. The study concluded that the problem of national security is not that of the government alone but what every Nigerian should collaborate to ensure thorough effective and appropriate use of words of the accepted language communication. The study recommended that Nigerian government should create communication channels to effectively disseminate information, create awareness and give the people a sense of belonging and inclusion. https://ijels.com/detail/curbing-national-insecurity-through-effective-use-of-language/ Felicia Tomi Obadare https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-105202358-Curbing.pdf Kevin Kelly, a futurist, puts forth the idea of a seventh kingdom to add to the six-kingdom classification. He labels this kingdom as the “technium.” It refers to all things invented by humans and includes, but is certainly not limited to, such phenomena as the Internet (Lobo, 2017). The language that has developed as a result of the emergence of some phenomena of the technium (for instance, social media) is now integrating into, and sending shockwaves through human languages, especially English. The latter of the two languages is one with a long history of change and unfailing adaptation. As such, the steady burgeoning of this unhackneyed technological vocabulary may not hold serious consequences for the English language which, as it has done numerous times before, will reorient itself around the insurgence of new words and abbreviations. However, for the first time in centuries (taking into consideration the cave paintings of old), there is an alarming increase in the substitution of words and phrases by visual equivalents, all of which seek to literalize the adage that a picture can speak a thousand words. This hybrid language however is still just that — a language, a system of signs as Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure put it. This paper seeks to conduct an analysis of this fairly new language using the methodology of structuralism, employing various theories put forth by critics associated with this umbrella term. Such an analysis would be directed towards facilitating an understanding of this new technological language in its various manifestations. https://ijels.com/detail/the-language-of-social-media-a-structuralist-inquiry/ Revathy S. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-105202343-TheLanguage.pdf The Nigeria Delta region has long been a hotbed of literary activity, producing writers of international repute such as Tanure Ojaide, Chris Aban and Ken Saro-Wiwa. However, in recent years, there has been an emergence of new voices from the region, which is bringing to the fore new thematic preoccupations that reflect the changing socio-political realities of the region. Thus, the paper provides an overview of the emerging thematic preoccupations in Nigeria Delta literature, drawing from a range of contemporary literary works from the region. The paper identifies three key themes that are increasingly becoming central to the discourse of Nigeria Delta literature: environmental degradation, political corruption, and youth restiveness. The first theme, environmental degradation, reflects the devastating impact of oil exploration and exploitation on the Niger Delta region. The second theme, political corruption, is a recurring motif in Nigeria Delta literature. The third theme, youth restiveness, reflects the increasing frustration and anger of young people in the Niger Delta region. Overall, this paper argues that the emerging thematic preoccupations in Nigeria Delta literature reflect the changing socio-political realities of the region. By engaging with these themes, Nigeria Delta writers are providing powerful critiques of the problems facing the region, as well as offering new visions for a more just and equitable future. https://ijels.com/detail/niger-delta-literature-emerging-thematic-preoccupations-in-nigerian-literature/ Rebecca Ufuoma Davies https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-105202328-Niger.pdf This survey looked into the significant relationship between employees’ job performance and satisfaction levels, and the demographic profile of the employees of Bohol Island State University in Bohol, Philippines. Towards this end, using the descriptive-survey method of research with a quantitative-correlational approach, and the universal sampling technique, it surveyed 345 permanent employees. Specifically, the study identified the respondents’ age, sex, educational attainment, and length of service in the institution; the relationship between their demographics and their level of job performance, and the extent of job satisfaction. Findings revealed that the respondents were in their young adulthood stage, dominated by females, experienced employees in the institution, and had high educational credentials. Moreover, they performed well in their duties and were somewhat satisfied with their jobs. Despite the insignificant results of almost all of the null hypotheses tested, the respondents considered their length of service as a contributory factor that would influence their level of job performance and extent of job satisfaction, which implies that the longer their work experience, the better their work performance would be expected from them, and the more satisfied they are with their jobs. It indicates, therefore, that high levels of job satisfaction did not necessarily lead to employee performance. There may be other must-be studied factors that influenced one’s job performance and satisfaction. https://ijels.com/detail/correlates-on-job-performance-job-satisfaction-and-demographics-of-state-university-employees/ Ramil S. Bulilan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-11020223-Correlates.pdf This article offers a fresh perspective on Anne Brontë's feminist stance in her novels The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Agnes Grey. While previous scholars have criticized Brontë's portrayal of her female protagonists in a manner that contradicts her feminist message, this article argues that Brontë's nuanced portrayal of the complexities of female subjectivity within the social, cultural, and historical constraints of her time is essential to her feminist stance. Anne Brontë empowers her female characters with realistic feminine tools to cope with the patriarchal suppression they face and calls for a rethinking of the miserable situation of women in the Victorian patriarchal society. The article argues that Brontë's aim is not to call for an impossible revolution through an ideal feminine figure but rather to promote action based on the reality of the situation. This article's originality lies in its fresh and sophisticated interpretation of Brontë's feminist stance that avoids reducing her characters to mere symbols of resistance and acknowledges the complexities of female subjectivity in a patriarchal society. https://ijels.com/detail/beyond-the-ideal-anne-bront-s-realistic-feminism/ Majid Mgamis https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-105202347-Beyond.pdf In the information age, the demand for technological means which can support the teaching and learning process is increasing rapidly. Learning Management System (LMS) is introduced as a special software facilitating learning and teaching activities. Although in recent years, studies about teachers’ attitudes towards LMS are increasing significantly, there are limited studies regarding the frequency of using LMS features, especially in higher education. Therefore, this study aims to explore teachers’ frequency of using LMS (Richmond and Google Classroom) and to investigate whether there is any correlation between teachers’ frequency of using LMS and demographic elements. The data was collected at the University of Science – Vietnam National University – Hochiminh City with the participation of 32 lecturers teaching general English to non-English majors. The mixed-methods approach involving collecting both quantitative and qualitative data was applied to obtain data. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were employed for the data analysis process. The findings revealed the low level of using LMS features. Besides, the frequency of using LMS features had neither a significant correlation with age nor LMS skills proficiency. Additionally, the frequency of using learning skills feature was not influenced by age, gender, or experience, while gender influenced the frequency of using communication feature significantly. The study also made some recommendations for improving the frequency of using the system in terms of teachers’ use. https://ijels.com/detail/the-frequency-of-employing-learning-management-system-in-teaching-general-english-to-non-english-majors/ Tran Thi Nhan, Nguyen Thi Kieu Thu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-105202349-TheFrequency.pdf Strengthening student character is an important foundation in learning Indonesian in tertiary institutions in the era of educational disruption. This study aims to describe the results of strengthening student character through Indonesian language courses in tertiary institutions. This research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study included students and lecturers supporting the Indonesian language as the national curriculum subject for all level of education and all Indonesia students, called MKWK, at UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta. The informants in this study were the coordinators of the MKWK at UIN RMS Surakarta (the study program coordinators were taken in part from the number spread across five faculties). Collecting data in this study using documentation methods, in-depth interviews, and observation. Data analysis in this study used an interactive model which consisted of four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate the strengthening of student characters through Indonesian language courses including: discipline, honesty, communicativeness, curiosity, responsibility, creativity, independence, tolerance, hard work, democratic, and religiosity. This shows that Indonesian language courses strengthen the various student characters. This study recommends that the values of character buildings can be developed effectively through the implementation of Indonesian language learning in tertiary institutions. https://ijels.com/detail/strengthening-national-character-through-learning-indonesian-as-a-compulsory-subject-in-higher-education/ Elen Inderasari, Giyoto, Rohmad Budi Santoso https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-105202334-Strengthening.pdf This paper analyses Helon Habila’s Travellers (2019), focusing on its depiction of African migrants experience as the new middle passage. The novel as a diasporic narrative reveals the experiences of immigrants especially of war torn Africa, and the Middle East in Europe. The setting in Europe, revolves around cities like Berlin, Basel, London and Lampedusa lsland, where the unnamed narrator, meets various immigrants who narrate their stories of life in Europe, and their experiences as they travel to Europe. The study conceptualizes the middle passage as a movement symbolic of the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe. The concept will be examined in the six titled divisions of the book, to discuss the experiences of displacement, trauma and refugee crises. The study concludes that African migrants yet again encounter challenges, because they are forced to leave their homes and communities due to political and social upheavals and in the course of movement, are traumatized and dispossessed of their homes, families, and identities, leading to profound psychological and emotional suffering. The author argues that the middle passage experience situates African refugees as people who have been robbed of their past and their future, forced to live in a perpetual state of limbo and uncertainty, as a result of power. The narrative discourse thus examines the complex power dynamics that emerge in the context of migration, which are the exploitation of migrants by smugglers and the tensions that arise between different groups of refugees. https://ijels.com/detail/displacement-dispossession-trauma-refugee-crises-the-new-middle-passage-in-helon-habila-s-travellers/ Rebecca Ufuoma Davies https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-105202327-Displacement.pdf “Visuals Semiotics in the novel Coraline”, presents the definition of semiotics and visual semiotics. It also discusses the theory of heteroglosia used in graphic novel. This paper also includes components and terminology of graphic novel with examples of visual symbols from Coraline novel by P.Craig Russell. https://ijels.com/detail/visuals-semiotics-in-the-novel-coraline/ C. Santhiya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-105202340-Visuals.pdf Through her novels “Honour” and “The Forty Rules of Love Elif Shafak” Elif Shafak brings forth differential roles assigned to men and women in Turkish society. These novels analyze how society conditions boys and girls from a very young age to conform to these roles. In patriarchal societies, women usually bear the brunt of such conditioning. These include restrictions placed on ambitions, clothing, choice of partners, reproductive rights behavior in public, etc. They are often forced to compromise their happiness for the sake of their family and society. Women who dare to follow their dreams are often faced with violence and some are even killed by their family members to regain family honour. The novel “Honour” examines the evil practice of honour killing which still exists in some parts of Turkish society. When women are found to diverge from accepted codes of conduct, the family members, usually the father or the brother, murder them to regain the lost honour of their family in society. Through the character of Ella Rubinstein in “The Forty Rules of Love Elif Shafak”, Shafak examines the discontented life led by women across the globe even while performing the dutiful roles of a wife or a mother. The author highlights the need to redefine gender roles based on individual happiness and norms of equality. https://ijels.com/detail/gender-roles-in-turkish-society-a-journey-through-elif-shafak-s-honour-and-the-forty-rules-of-love/ Anu Zacharia, Dr. T. Senthamarai https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-105202326-GenderRoles.pdf Kong Yiji is one of Lu Xun’s representative short stories whose dissemination cannot be separated from the efforts of Chinese and western translators. Created under the background of the collision of old and new cultures, Its cultural connotation and linguistic features bring obstacle for its translation. At present, the most authoritative version are those translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang, Julia Lovell and William A . Lyell. A comparative study of the translation strategies and methods adopted by the three versions can help translators learn from them. After comparative analysis, it is found that the translation strategies adopted by the three translations are different in dealing with language and cultural differences, among which foreignization is more conducive to presenting the linguistic characteristics of the original text under the premise of ensuring the fluency of the translation. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-the-translation-strategies-of-english-versions-of-kong-yiji/ Yuan Peng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-104202320-AnAnalysis.pdf Annette and Antoinette were unwelcomed by all. They “were not in their (the white people’s) ranks” and “The Jamaican ladies never approved” (Rhys 3) of them. As Creoles, they had no root. Being of colour and not belonging to the prevalent binary structure, they never fit in. Neither the whites accepted nor the blacks. Throughout they were mistreated and suffered in the hands of both. While Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre (1847) represents the unfit monster in Bertha, Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) re-presents the story leading to Bertha's present state. The journey from innocence to madness was forced onto the ‘monster’ of Bronte's Jane Eyre through various means and Rhys’ counter to the gothic romance provides an opportunity to re-read the disregarded characters in their ‘natural’ habitat, far from the cold and gloomy London. Their marginalization is realized through Rhys. The plot arouses the curiosity of the reader, illuminates the unheard story of the Creoles and brings into light the possible reasons for their ‘downfall’. This paper is an attempt to make an inquiry of the oppression faced by the ‘Others’, its impact on their psyche and the repression that led them to the doorstep of insanity. Through the means of a discursive study, it delves into the reasons for their degraded physical and mental state. The study employs the theoretical lens of Edward Said’s “Other” and Sigmund Freud’s “Trauma” to reach the desired analysis. https://ijels.com/detail/reading-oppression-and-repression-in-jean-rhys-wide-sargasso-sea/ Harshita Borthakur https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-105202354-Reading.pdf The project provides an exploration of the ‘Australian Bush’ in literary work. The Australian bush, with its vast landscapes, unique flora and fauna, and distinctive cultural heritage, has played a pivotal role by demonstrating literary imagination and cultural identity. Figures, data, citations, and statements abound in this work, which is divided into four subtopics: ripping yarn, bush poetry, 20th-century Australian literature, and Aboriginal literature. In each part, it sheds light on the influence of the Australian bush on the writers, poets, and storytellers who highlight the relationship between humans and the bush in a metaphorical way. https://ijels.com/detail/whispers-of-the-outback-exploring-the-australian-bush-in-literature/ Diksha Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-105202342-Whispers.pdf Background: HIV is a big problem that until now has not been handled properly. Children and adolescents become victims of parental indifference to their children. This study aims to determine the risk factors for HIV transmission to adolescents in DKI Jakarta. Methods: This study uses an analytic observational design with case control. The location of this research was carried out in DKI Jakarta (Pelita Ilmu Foundation). Results: The study found risk factors that influenced the incidence of HIV transmission among adolescents in DKI Jakarta, namely a family history of HIV/AIDS (p = 0.000; OR = 227.167; 95% CI = 28.495-1810.989). Conclusion: Family history of HIV/AIDS is the most influential factor in the incidence of HIV transmission among adolescents in DKI Jakarta. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-on-the-risk-factor-of-hiv-transmission-in-adolescents-in-dki-jakarta/ Muhamad Taufik Sasmita, Dwi Sutiningsih, Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-105202363-AnAnalysis.pdf The conjugal zone has been traditionally construed to be a space where two partners can share equal rights and respect. But contrary to this belief, it is part of our observation that women rather than enjoying this space as a haven safeguarding their dignity and identity as human beings, tend to become victims. The space not only marginalizes them but serves to dehumanize them. The present paper, through an in-depth study of Shashi Deshpande’s That Long Silence looks analytically at the institution of marriage and talks about the situations and circumstances that place women in a state of subjugation and suppression. The figure of a woman is idealized and glorified but when it comes to reality the domestic domain which is expected to be a safe heaven and refuge for her turns out to be a space of oppression and subjugation. The marital space that should hold a promise of peace, prosperity, respect, dignity, love and happiness through a shared life together, unfortunately turns out to be an arena where the male will have the utmost freedom and complete authority and control over the female partner. The paper tries to investigate how marriage as an institution has failed to safeguard the honour and dignity of women and offer them their due share and rights in the relationship. https://ijels.com/detail/demystifying-the-domestic-zone-portrayal-of-jaya-as-an-alienated-figure-in-shashi-deshpande-s-that-long-silence/ Azhar Nawaz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-10520231-Demystifying.pdf Motherhood, biological or otherwise, is exclusively dedicated to the nurturance of children. The experience of motherhood, institutionalized and ghettoized under patriarchy, has often been subjected to the systematic massacring of female potentialities (Rich 13). History has been a witness to the making of biological mothers—sometimes without a choice of their own and the mothering capacities of women are often applauded based on their birthing capacities. What, therefore, becomes unnoticed in the array of societal expectations, is the trials and tribulations of the women in general, to fulfil the normative criteria of biological motherhood. As motherhood becomes a sacred calling for most women, the desire for a genetic child gets strengthened in the maternal psyche. And the (in)capability to further the species through biological reproduction makes the women discover other avenues for fulfilling this prefixed maternal capacity. This paper is an attempt to explore the various mythologies surrounding adoptive motherhood and mothering in India while deciphering the feminist analysis of the practice of adoptive mothering and its importance for maintaining the sanctity of motherhood in general. https://ijels.com/detail/adoptive-motherhood-in-india-an-analysis-through-myths-and-critical-theories/ Dr. Arpita Dey https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-105202369-Adoptive.pdf This study endeavors to explicate Nectar in a Sieve (1954) by Kamala Markandaya through the perspective of narratology to study the narrative of Rukmani. Kamala Markandaya is prominent storyteller who is interested in both ‘what’ and ‘how’ of narratives which becomes the basis of this study. Narratology being the study of narratives focuses on how the narrative are presented, what are its structures and the ways it affect our perception. The study follows the framework by Gerard Genette to analyse narrative time in the chosen novel. The nature of this study is twofold; first, it discusses the framework of narratology and its constituent tenets, which provides the framework to investigate any narrative and second, it analyzes Nectar in a Sieve in the light of narratology. Narratology comprises many tenets such as focalization, discourse, narrative modes, narrator, characters, and time. Among these characteristics, this study focuses on ‘time’. This study emphases on the Genette’s two fundamental oppositions of discourse time and story time and how Markandaya has employed it in Nectar in a Sieve to assist the reader in understanding the narrative of Rukmani which has the backdrop of exploitation and dispossession of the peasants from the intrusion of industrial tannery. The study allows for critical implications, both for the readers who wish to understand Markandaya better and for the researcher who aims to understand the narrative analysis of the novel. https://ijels.com/detail/analyzing-the-concept-of-narrative-time-in-kamala-markandaya-s-nectar-in-a-sieve-a-narratological-study/ Aruna Shukla, Dr. Anoop Kumar Tiwari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-105202366-Analyzing.pdf The novel All the Light We Cannot See by contemporary American novelist Anthony Doerr, which won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Literature. From the perspective of neorealism, this paper analyzes the different living environments and different ways of growth and redemption of Werner and Marie-Laure. At the same time, it reveals the survival difficulties of people during the war and thus reveals the anti-human and destructive nature of war. https://ijels.com/detail/the-tragedy-of-war-a-neorealism-interpretation-of-all-the-lights-we-cannot-see/ Jin Mengqi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-105202368-TheTragedy.pdf Self-efficacy is a vital determinant of students’ future accomplishments or setbacks and has been recognized as a significant influencer of their motivation to learn, intimately linked with academic achievement. Nonetheless, English learners often grapple with a lack of self-efficacy in their speaking skills. In order to investigate the current state of undergraduate translation students’ English speaking self-efficacy, a quantitative research design, coupled with a survey strategy, was employed. This investigation involved data gathered from 163 undergraduate translation students across three universities located in Guangxi, China. The findings reveal that translation-major undergraduates possess a moderate level of English speaking self-efficacy. Intriguingly, there were no noticeable differences in speaking self-efficacy and its three dimensions based on the academic year, indicating consistency in speaking self-efficacy across different academic levels. The gender-based comparison also yielded interesting results. There was no significant disparity in English speaking self-efficacy between male and female students. However, when it came to self-regulated self-efficacy—a crucial aspect of autonomous learning—female students significantly outperformed their male counterparts. Drawing from these research outcomes, this paper proposes targeted recommendations to enhance English speaking self-efficacy among undergraduate translation students. https://ijels.com/detail/assessing-the-english-speaking-self-efficacy-of-translation-major-undergraduates-a-current-perspective/ Huang Yuehua, Wang Qiumei https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-105202365-Assessing.pdf Textbooks are the main sources that can convey knowledge and information to learners in an organized way, so textbook evaluation plays a key role in any language teaching or learning program. This can help meet the learners' needs in the best way. The present research set out to investigate teachers’ perspectives towards the textbook "I Learn Smart World 6", which was used at Pathway School (PS), and teachers’ personal points of view on how to improve better the textbook "I Learn Smart World 6". The investigation elucidates the strengths and weaknesses of the textbook itself, and recommendations are made for both designers and teachers. The 12 teachers from the 2 campuses at Pathway School participated in this research. The research instruments were a textbook evaluation questionnaire adapted and modified from a variety of checklists developed by previous researchers, as well as semi-structured interviews. A 40-item questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale rating from "1=Strongly Disagree" to "5=Strongly Agree" was employed to elicit participants’ responses to six main categories including Overall Assessment, Practical Considerations, Language Skills, Topic and Language Content, Layout and Design, and Culture. Descriptive statistics were carried out to interpret the quantitative data by utilizing the mean and standard deviation. The data analyzed from the semi-interviews was analyzed based on cross-case analysis. The results showed that teachers had active perspectives regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the textbook, and they thought that it was consistent with the English teaching and learning process at their school. In addition, it also revealed that the teachers had some problems and suggestions with the use of the textbook "I Learn Smart World 6" in the classroom. https://ijels.com/detail/efl-teachers-evaluation-of-the-textbook-i-learn-smart-world-6-a-study-at-pathway-school/ Le Thi Truc Sinh, Nguyen Tien Hung https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-105202367-EFL.pdf This research examines the national image reflected in the use of shell nouns in Chinese and American news reports about the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a self-established corpus, more than 60 Chinese and 80 American news reports have been analyzed. With a focus on the stance expression of shell nouns, this study reveals the following: (1) In the use of Entity shell nouns, Chinese news reports tend to use Event nouns, measure(s), and Cognition nouns, such as vision, whereas American news reports prefer using nouns like effort(s) to convey negative information; (2) in the use of Attribute shell nouns, Chinese news reports tend to use positive evaluative nouns and Ability nouns, while American news reports prefer negative evaluative nouns and less use of Ability nouns. The research findings demonstrate China’s global view and efforts to combat the pandemic, reflecting its national image of assuming responsibility, contributing, being ready to help neighboring countries, and being open and inclusive. In contrast, American news reports present a negative national image of lack of effort in the pandemic, shirking responsibility, chaos within its government, and disregard for people’s lives. https://ijels.com/detail/difference-of-sino-us-national-image-construction-seen-from-the-use-of-shell-nouns-illustrated-by-news-reports-on-the-covid-19-pandemic/ Jiajian Wu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-10620235-Difference.pdf Mobile phone usage among college students aged 18 and above, offers various benefits. Firstly, mobile phones provide convenient communication tools, allowing students to stay connected with peers, family, and faculty. Additionally, access to vast information through the internet aids research and learning beyond the classroom. Educational apps and resources enhance learning experiences and foster creativity. However, several issues accompany mobile phone use. Distraction from notifications, social media, and addictive nature can hinder academic performance. Excessive screen time may negatively impact physical and mental health, leading to sedentary lifestyles and mental health concerns. Misuse can result in cyberbullying, exposure to inappropriate content, and privacy risks. To address these concerns, establishing guidelines and educating students on responsible usage is crucial. Implementing policies that regulate usage during instructional time helps minimize distractions and promote focused learning environments. https://ijels.com/detail/mobile-empowerment-enhancing-education-and-connectivity-for-college-students/ M. Tamilarasi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-105202364-Mobile.pdf The topic of the current study is "Diversification of the Agriculture Sector in India: A Regional Perspective" from the years 2006–07 through 2017–18. This is an effort to gauge the rate of agricultural sector diversification in India. To determine the pattern of diversification over time in the key crops state- and region-wise in India's agriculture sector, an attempt has been made to divide the entire nation into four regions and include all major farm crops and states. https://ijels.com/detail/diversification-of-agriculture-in-india-a-regional-perspective/ Sandeep Kumar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-10620238-Diversification.pdf The gender perspective examines the impact of gender on people's opportunities, social roles, and interactions. The successful implementation of policy goals, programs and projects of international and national organizations is directly influenced by gender impacts and thereby back to the social development process. Gender is an integral part of all aspects of the economic, social, daily and private life of individuals and societies, and of the various roles that society attributes to men. and women. Representation of gender in literary works always show differences of the male and female characters in the novel, short stories, or films, by analysing the gender role or the representation of the literature work, it can be found that the authors of literature is following the patriarchal or feminism idea. The gender representation is shown in any genre of the literature. Virginia Woolf literature Woolf’s most famous statement about the relationship between gender and writing. Analysing gender discrimination in Anita Desai’s novel, Fasting, Feasting. Gender Bias by Sudha Murthy. The advancement of technology is one of the important factors contributing to closing the gender gap in the workplace. This approach looked for strategies and measures to compensate women for their social disadvantages. Since we all know that gender equality means equal rights and equal access to resources and opportunities for women and men, digitization has helped people improve their skills in their respective fields. Today, they can connect with anyone in the world through digital platforms and participate in online knowledge-sharing sessions. https://ijels.com/detail/reflection-of-gender-encounters-in-the-society-portrayed-in-literature/ Jala Srilakshmi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-106202338-Reflection.pdf The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to governments worldwide, with significant implications for public health, social and economic development, and global security. This study aims to examine the politics surrounding the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and its impact on public reception in Enugu State, Nigeria. Using political ecology theory and a mixed-method approach that includes data collection through interviews, surveys, and document analysis, the study explored the factors that shape the distribution of vaccines and how government officials, community leaders, and public health agencies are involved in the distribution process. Additionally, the study will investigate how the political climate in Enugu State contributes to the public's perception and reception of the vaccine distribution efforts. The study seeks to identify the challenges encountered during the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccines in Enugu, including political influence, corruption, and bureaucratic red tape, among other factors. The study shows that inadequate vaccine distribution has led to elitist vaccine reception. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights to policymakers, public health officials and community leaders on the challenges and opportunities for effective vaccine distribution strategies in Enugu State, contributing to the pandemic response in Nigeria and beyond. https://ijels.com/detail/politics-vaccine-distribution-and-public-reception-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-enugu-state/ E. E. Odeh, S. M. Odibo, H.C. Agbo, G. E. Ezirim, I. M. Ogbuka https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-105202362-Politics.pdf Bharathi Mukherjee is a diasporic writer. Most of her novels focus on assimilation as well as encounter with the East and the West. The Tree Bride also goes in the same line of thought through an amalgamation of historical portrayal which represents the East whereas the colonial narration highlights the West. A per contra account, the article departs from this wider theme and attempts to explore from the perspective of ecological narration. It depicts the picture of the exploitation of nature for the sake of the greed of human beings. To this end, the article attempts to spotlight on the anthropocentric attitude towards nature through a few aspects such as the advancement in science and technology–in the form of bombs–leads to self-destruction, the colonial attitude, and the climate change because of the onslaught on nature which leads to ecological degradation. These are the theoretical underpinnings to analyse the novel. https://ijels.com/detail/disability-as-a-plot-device-in-nicola-griffith-s-so-lucky-an-analytical-study/ Ms. Irin Roshan, Dr. Venkata Ramani. Challa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-106202331-Disability.pdf After the two world wars and India's independence from the British in 1947, English-language writing in India has advanced significantly. Since the two world wars and India's independence from the British in 1947, Indian Writing in English, as it was once known, has advanced significantly with a few countable writers on the horizon. There weren't many writers in the corpus of works that were produced in the English language by Indian writers, especially before the label changed from Indo-Anglian Literature (that was named such before) to Indian Writing in English. The two most recent female authors to contribute to the field of Indian English literature are Kiran Desai and Jhumpa Lahiri, yet their creativity transcends the confines of gender. They speak to an Indian culture that has experienced social anguish and cultural displacement both inside and outside of their own nation as a result of globalisation and immigration. They express the suffering of Indian immigrants who have migrated in foreign countries and are filled with sentiments of loneliness and displacement while having no other options for freedom on many fronts. The selection of these two highly regarded and award-winning authors was made for a variety of reasons, including the fact that they are both contemporary writers with a wide range of parallels and differences. They share a lot of traits, yet they also naturally vary in overt and subtle ways. Nonetheless, the literary output they provide readers with is overwhelmingly impressive, and they give voice to the world's silent immigrants. They present sorrowful, yet true, stories. For instance, the fictional character Biju from Kiran Desai's novella “Inheritance of Loss” has heart breaking anecdotes to share with us about his status as an illegal immigrant and how he concealed from American Immigration police agents by vanishing from the restaurant and through the hotel's mouse hole. There are now tens of thousands of Bijus living in countries like the United States, Germany, France, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, etc. Lahiri contrasts the two lives of two brothers who are travelling in opposite directions in her novel “Lowland”, which is a poignant and emotional depiction of immigrants. State terrorism claims the life of a young man as the wealthy continue to amass ever-increasing wealth at the expense of the poor, who continue to live in poverty. The “Lowland”, which was nominated for the prestigious Man Booker Prize in 2013, is sensitive to the brutal realities of society and the way the state uses the rural and ignorant majority for political purposes. The handling of female characters in immigrant stories also calls for a critical examination of Lahiri and Desai's literary creations. Another one of the well-known female writer Margaret Atwood in her novel “Surfacing” the main subject is separation. This is established in the opening chapter, as it is revealed that the narrator is politically dispossessed as an English speaker living in Quebec at a period when Québec was wanting to become an independent French-speaking nation. The narrator compares human contact to that of animals because she feels cut off from the people around her. As an illustration, the narrator thinks of an animal "at the instant the trap closes" while overhearing David and Anna having sex. Extremist David, who argues that Canada would be better off without the "fascist pig Yanks" and advises that they be driven out of the country by assault beavers, is the face of nationalism. The researcher opted to pick these two Indian immigrant women writers and Margaret Atwood for the dissertation as a result. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-diasporic-elements-in-the-select-works-of-margaret-atwood-jhumpa-lahiri-and-kiran-desai/ Rimasree Das https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-106202317-Astudy.pdf Bharathi Mukherjee is a diasporic writer. Most of her novels focus on assimilation as well as encounter with the East and the West. The Tree Bride also goes in the same line of thought through an amalgamation of historical portrayal which represents the East whereas the colonial narration highlights the West. A per contra account, the article departs from this wider theme and attempts to explore from the perspective of ecological narration. It depicts the picture of the exploitation of nature for the sake of the greed of human beings. To this end, the article attempts to spotlight on the anthropocentric attitude towards nature through a few aspects such as the advancement in science and technology–in the form of bombs–leads to self-destruction, the colonial attitude, and the climate change because of the onslaught on nature which leads to ecological degradation. These are the theoretical underpinnings to analyse the novel. https://ijels.com/detail/ecological-gaze-an-exploration-of-bharati-mukherjee-s-the-tree-bride/ Dr. Patil Sangita Sharnappa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-106202325-Ecological.pdf Due to the increasing number of Covid 19 cases in the country, educational institutions adopted various approaches which could cater the students’ needs and abide with the health protocol at the same time. One of these approaches is the blended learning. This study looks into the effect of blended learning to the academic performance of the BS Criminology students. A descriptive research design was utilized to attain the research objectives while a documentary survey was conducted in gathering needed data. The average grade of 126 BS Criminology students who were enrolled in school year 2019- 2020 and 2020-2021 represented the academic performance of the students. The results of the study noted that there is significant difference on the students’ academic performances before and during the implementation of blended learning. The study further showed that BS Criminology students performed better with the traditional learning approach than the blended learning. The test of association revealed that the academic performance of students is significantly associated with the mode of learning. Moreover, it was shown that better performance of the students is associated with traditional learning approach. Hence, this study prompts the administrators and faculty members, especially in the BS Criminology program, to consider strengthening and improving its traditional learning approach design and/or policy into a more constructive and critical discourse for a more meaningful post-pandemic learning experience among students. https://ijels.com/detail/eyeing-post-pandemic-learning-reckoning-the-effects-of-blended-learning-scheme/ Rose S. Mukay, Irene M. Daguasi, Melanie S. Manuel, Lourdes Nicole Adeline Cosmiano https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-10220238-Eyeing.pdf This study focused on examining the proximate analysis of Coffea Canephora var that was enhanced with endemic floral species. The physico-chemical analyses conducted revealed that Solanum nigrum enhanced coffee had a moisture content of 13.42%, crude fat of 2.47%, crude protein of 15.12%, ash content of 6.35%, and a total carbohydrate content of 64.52% (w/w) with 348 Kcal energy per serving. Similarly, Colocasia sp. cf. Formosana hayata enhanced coffee had a moisture content of 12.15%, crude fat of 3.03%, crude protein of 11.29%, ash content of 6.68%, and a total carbohydrate content of 68.86% (w/w) with 355 Kcal energy per serving. Furthermore, enhanced coffee with Momordica charantia had a moisture content of 10.01%, crude fat of 1.41%, crude protein of 13.78%, ash content of 6.46%, and a total carbohydrate content of 70.39% (w/w) with 356 Kcal energy per serving. It was showed that three enhanced coffees had an average energy intake of 3%, which can supplement the Required Energy and Nutrient Intake of an adult Filipino. The study results can provide a low-fat enhanced and enriched coffee in the Kalinga table, as presented in its nutrition facts. However, further investigation is required to determine the safety and microbiological quality of enhanced coffee with floral species, particularly in the quantification of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Additionally, it is recommended to investigate the acceptability, market analysis, and utilization of locally grown and traditionally used plant species that could enhance and enrich coffee to meet the country's demand. https://ijels.com/detail/proximate-analysis-of-enhanced-coffea-canephora-var-with-endemic-floral-species/ Melanie Manuel, Helen F. Bais, Gringo S. Serion https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-104202355-Proximate.pdf The definition of ludicrous according to Eugene Ionesco is "that which is devoid of purpose. Man is lost when he is cut off from his transcendental, philosophical, and theological origins; all of his activities become ludicrous, meaningless, and pointless. Every time Ionesco defines the term ridiculous by referring to the same concept of the absurd, his representation of the absurd infers a paradox. The term "absurd" doesn't have a clear definition. Therefore, despite all attempts to provide meaning, the absurdity of the ludicrous exists in the situation of meaninglessness. The word "absurd" defies easy interpretation in Camus and Ionesco's statements. Ultimately, it is impossible to definitively define the word "absurd". How therefore may the concept of the Theatre of the Absurd be defined? The term's creator and leading theorist, Martin Esslin, claims that "the Theatre of the Absurd is a part of the "anti-literary" movement, which has found expression in abstract painting with its rejection of "literary" elements in pictures or in France's "new novel" with its reliance on the description of the objects and rejection of empathy and anthropomorphism." Esslin, like Camus and Ionesco, doesn't give the concept of the ridiculous a specific meaning. Instead, he is able to draw attention to the connection between European literature and abstract art from the 1940s and 1950s. A literary text either imparts or asks for the process of concretization anytime it interacts with the reader, therefore there may be an "abstract" painting but not a "abstract" piece of literature, one could say. "Absurdity" of the literary text appears to be the equivalent of "abstractness" in art in Beckett's "Waiting for Godot" and Ionesco's "Rhinoceros" due to the ways in which both concepts contest the established structures by undervaluing ideas or disobeying the rules of artistic and literary production in art and literature. However, these two works touch on the subject of resistance in the process of enacting it. As a result, a counter-performance occurs in Beckett's text, inviting the reader to interpret it in a different way. Or, the text of Ionesco shows a character against the enigmatically alluring, jouissance-like harmony of the rhinoceroses. Resistance ends up being the only defining trait of "Literature of the Absurd". Additionally, the absurdity of these poems is a result of resistance. Resistances represent both the idea of absurdity and the texts of the Theatre of the Absurd. As a conclusion, we might state that the concepts "absurd" and "absurdity" defy accurate definition and clear interpretation. Certain referents and signifieds cannot under any circumstances be associated with these words. Second, the absurdity of the texts is created by resistances that either the narration or the literary text's structure exhibits in the works that Martin Esslin refers to as texts of the Theatre of the Absurd. Exploration of the word "resistance" is necessary here. https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparative-study-beckett-s-waiting-for-godot-and-ionesco-s-rhinoceros/ Rimasree Das https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-106202318-Acomparative.pdf Linguists and scholars have been studying the influence of English language competency on numerous domains such as academic performance and employability for many years. While early researchers suggested that English proficiency did not predict high academic ratings and employment aptitude, evidence now shows that English proficiency is a cutting-edge asset in areas of academic success and employment in highly competitive and demanding industries in various fields of specialization. This is descriptive-evaluative research that employed a survey to investigate the English proficiency level and the relationship between English proficiency and academic accomplishment of technical writing students. In this study, a non-probability sampling strategy, namely the purposive sampling technique, was used. The findings show majority of respondents are proficient at English grammar and reading but have a low degree of competency in writing. Only grammar had an effect on the respondents' sex profile out of the three English competence levels tested. The survey also indicated that respondents' English proficiency levels (grammar, reading, and writing) are highly connected to their academic accomplishment. It is recommended that a more thorough evaluation and analysis be conducted in order to identify real variables and predictors that would truly affect and influence students' levels of proficiency and academic achievement, ultimately creating and producing the best teaching and learning enhancement program. https://ijels.com/detail/english-academic-writing-performance-level-of-ksu-students/ Lourdes Adeline Nicole Y. Cosmiano https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/58IJELS-102202324-English.pdf This paper explores the representation of sexually motivated homicide in Dennis Cooper’s “Frisk” (1991) while employing an interdisciplinary framework in methodology, specifically: psychopathology and forensic psychology. First, the novel’s cultural context points to its postmodern strategies, indicative of the psychopathological effects of late capitalist culture. Then the paper turns its attention to the novel’s protagonist, Dennis, who is initially diagnosed with paraphilic disorder as defined by the “Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders” (2013). Afterward, implementing a typology developed by Anglo-Canadian criminologist Lee Mellor, Dennis is analyzed and categorized as a homicidal necrophilic offender and a homicidal sexual sadist. The detailed investigation of his sexually motivated crimes places the character among the most notorious serial killers in the world. https://ijels.com/detail/post-modernism-paraphilia-sadism-necrophilia-and-sexually-motivated-homicide-an-interdisciplinary-reading-of-dennis-cooper-s-frisk-1991/ Adam Briedik https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/59IJELS-10420237-Post-modernism.pdf This study is focused on piper betel/arecanut chewing in Kalinga. It aimed to explore the Kalinga epic, the Ullalim to find out the cultural significance of piper betel/areca nut chewing. The literary analysis of the Kalinga epic revealed that there are cultural significances and ethno-therapeutic effects of chewing piper betel/ areca nut reflected in the Ullalim. It is then recommended that young chewers should become more aware of the social and cultural significances of chewing piper betel/areca nut. https://ijels.com/detail/piper-betel-and-areca-nut-interfacing-cultural-communication-and-ethno-therapeutic-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-kalinga-epic-the-ullalim/ Ronald B. Bulwayan, Divina Alunday – Balocnit, Jessie Grace M. Sannadan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/60IJELS-106202312-PiperBetel.pdf The study looked into the functions of bayas in the bodong celebration of the Kalingas. It made use of ethnographic method, specifically interview of the elders and bodong holders. Actual photo-documentation was also used to capture important procedures of the rituals. https://ijels.com/detail/the-functions-of-bayas-in-bodong-celebration-among-the-kalinga-s/ Ronald B. Bulwayan, Divina Alunday – Balocnit https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/61IJELS-106202313-TheFunctions.pdf This research paper examines the portrayal of gender prejudice and power structures in Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s novella, Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Set in a patriarchal society in Latin America, the story revolves around the murder of Santiago Nasar and the societal norms that perpetuate toxic masculinity and misogyny. Through a blend of magical realism and journalistic storytelling, Marquez critiques the entrenched sexism and the concept of “machismo” in the culture. The paper explores the subordination of female characters, the association of honour with female chastity, and the destructive consequences of lop-sided gender roles. The analysis highlights the marginalized position of women within the narrative and the social structures that contribute to their powerlessness. Furthermore, the paper discusses the resistance of certain female characters, challenging the prevailing norms and offering glimpses of agency and empowerment. Marquez’s Chronicle of a Death Foretold is a powerful critique of gender prejudice and exposes the harmful impact of gender-based social hierarchies. https://ijels.com/detail/unravelling-marginality-and-masculinity-exploring-the-interplay-of-gender-and-power-in-gabriel-garcia-marquez-s-chronicle-of-a-death-foretold/ Shalini Jha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/62IJELS-106202334-Unravelling.pdf Tamilnadu, the ancient land with many accolades including the eminent language, culture, bravery, hospitality has more crown and feather to its caps. Its achievements and accomplishments knew no bounds. Endless song on the praise of Tamil and Tamil culture can be sung for ages and ages. Among the versatility of Tamil culture, the bravery of female warriors cannot be ignored. One such significant contribution is The Ballad of the Warrior Girl Kuyili by Vanavil. K. Ravi. Through this text, the magnificent achievement and the contribution of female warriors for the independence is well brought out and presented to the younger generation. This paper explores the techniques, aesthetic sense and bravery of blood in a woman. The ballad form employed by the poet adds more flavour and enthusiasm while approaching this text, henceforth this paper ventures to explore on the aspects of Ballad form in addition. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-ballad-literary-techniques-aesthetic-sense-and-bravery-of-a-tamizhachi-through-the-lens-of-vanavil-k-ravi-s-the-ballad-of-the-warrior-girl-kuyili/ Dr. K. Subapriya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/63IJELS-106202332-AStudyof.pdf This research was conducted to investigate the use of visual storytelling in teaching English vocabulary to young learners at Viet Anh Primary School in Vietnam’s context. Specifically, the research aimed to determine the possible advantages and disadvantages of using visual storytelling to teach vocabulary to young learners, as well as to explore specific solutions to disadvantages of using visual storytelling in teaching English vocabulary to young learners. The study followed a mixed-methods research design which collected both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was collected with a questionnaire, while qualitative data was collected with interviews. The study took place at Viet Anh Primary School in Ca Mau City and included 30 teachers from the school as participants. All the teachers responded to the questionnaire, whereas five teachers participated in the interviews. The findings revealed that teachers perceived various benefits associated with visual storytelling, including affective, cognitive, teaching, and behavioral/social benefits. Visual storytelling was considered an effective way to motivate students to learn vocabulary. The affective and cognitive benefits were perceived most prominently. Concerning the disadvantages, the findings showed that the teachers struggled with preparing relevant and suitable visual stories, evaluating students’ performances during visual storytelling activities, and preparing stories in a reasonable timeframe. The interview participants recommended solutions to address these challenges, which included using pre-made resources, effective time management, collaboration, involving students in the process, customizing content, utilizing various sources, observing engagement, and implementing assessments. The research findings can serve as a useful reference for English teachers of young learners and those with similar contexts. https://ijels.com/detail/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-visual-storytelling-to-teach-english-vocabulary-to-young-learners-at-viet-anh-primary-school/ Le Hoang Bao Chau https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/64IJELS-106202319-Advantages.pdf The study delves into a carefully curated selection of adaptations, including prominent and lesser-known versions across different media platforms. By employing a multidimensional framework, encompassing narrative fidelity, character portrayals, visual aesthetics, and thematic interpretation, this research aims to illuminate the nuances and variations in each adaptation. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the key factors that influenced creative decisions, such as socio-cultural context, target audience, and prevailing cinematic trends. https://ijels.com/detail/pride-and-prejudice-adaptations-a-comparative-study/ Sharanya Chowdhury https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/65IJELS-10620237-Prideand.pdf Despite a growing body of research on the media landscape in postcolonial India, Indian children’s media culture continues to be underrepresented in the field of history and popular culture. The world of comics and graphic novels shapes not just the minds of individuals but also the collective consciousness of communities and their unsung histories. Amar Chitra Katha has been an important cultural institution that has played a significant role in defining, for several generations of Indian readers on what it means to be an Indian. The paper seeks to address the politics of representation and the symbolic significance of the visual representation of different historical figures and events throughout the history of India. In today’s Indian society, love towards fair skin is seen in every spectrum of life, from songs to movies to marriages. Through this study I will explore how all these variables are linked and connected over the period of time with the skin tone preference thereby re-writing the essence of ‘Indianness’. The historical representations of this comic book tradition render Amar Chitra Katha a crucial resource to understand paradigm shift in the ways the nation imagines itself. https://ijels.com/detail/two-armies-on-a-colour-less-plain-tracing-the-cultural-narratives-of-amar-chitra-katha-as-a-colonial-embodiment/ Lakshmi Anil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/66IJELS-106202324-TwoArmies.pdf To understand the awareness of global warming and climatic changes in advertising, such as through “semiotic theory”. The pictorial textual analysis evaluates the scope and configures the awareness of Global warming in the selected Kwality Wall’s ice cream print advertisement targeting the product, signs, symbols, pictorial representation, and captions of the advertisement. Based on the pictorial textual framework, different sources and dimensions of global warming as well as the ice sheet melts in the Antarctic region are analyzed. Results suggest that global issues and climatic conditions advertising is a highly targeted strategy appealing to consumers. Global warming and climatic changes typically represented through semiotic analysis while the pictorial textual analysis focuses on the entire advertisement. The study also highlights the emphasis on climatic changes and global warming awareness in advertising narratives. https://ijels.com/detail/climatic-change-leads-to-global-warming-a-semiotic-analysis-of-the-kwality-wall-s-advertisement/ Sathvika R, Rajasekaran V https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/67IJELS-106202320-ClimaticChange.pdf Many women across the world are still now treated as an object for sexual purposes by the patriarchal society. These women want true love from their beloveds, but often they are deprived of achieving the essence of true love due to male dominance. This paper showcases women’s quest for true love in Kamala Das’ poems named “The Old Playhouse”, “The Sunshine Cat”, “The Descendants” and Rabindranath Tagore’s novella “The Broken Nest”. Kamala Das has represented the consistent psychological damage of women due to fake and mechanical love-making with their husbands or beloveds. The female individuals in Kamala Das’ poems desire emotional and spiritual satisfaction, but they are only physically used for the carnal gratification of male individuals. In “The Broken Nest”, Rabindranath Tagore writes the story of a lonely woman named Charulata. She is neglected by her husband as Bhupati, Charu’s husband was a workaholic person. This negligence makes Charu fall in love with Amal and a new illusionary world is created by Charu. In this world of imagination, only she and Amal inhabit. In the end, with Amal's leaving the house, Charulata understands that she again becomes lonely in both the illusionary and real world. The present paper reflects the deep desire and hunger for true love of the speakers of Kamala Das’ poems and Charulata, the main character of Tagore’s novella. https://ijels.com/detail/women-s-quest-for-true-love-a-study-on-selected-poems-by-kamala-das-and-rabindranath-tagore-s-the-broken-nest/ Annita Chatterjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/68IJELS-106202333-Women.pdf The term ‘Happiness’ is considered as an emotional state which is characterized by feelings of joy, satisfaction, contentment and fulfillment. According to Aristotle happiness comes in achieving all the goods regarding health, wealth, knowledge etc which leads to the perfection of human nature and to the enrichment of human life through the period of a whole lifetime. In this present paper, basically I shall attempt to concentrate on Mill’s concept of Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is regarded as the Greatest Happiness Principle. It is one of the important theories of ethics. This theory emphasizes the greatest happiness of the greatest number as the ethical standard. According to this theory, an action is morally right if its consequences lead to happiness (absence of pain) and wrong if it ends in unhappiness (pain). It was Jeremy Bentham, who did most to systematize utilitarianism. Bentham’s disciple, J. S. Mill, was the next great utilitarian. This paper consists of three sections. The first section contains Mill’s view on individual liberty. In the second section, I have discussed Millian concept of utilitarianism in general and finally I conclude my discussion by raising the question whether Millian view of utilitarianism can ultimately be maintained consistently with his concept of individual liberty. https://ijels.com/detail/happiness-and-individual/ Suparna Dey https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/69IJELS-106202348-Happiness.pdf The contribution of women in Indian literature has been pivotal, shaping and enriching the literary landscape of the nation. Over the years, women have played a significant and transformative role in the landscape of Indian literature, showcasing their creative abilities, resilience, and the feminine identity. Their contribution spans across various literary genres, including poetry, fiction, memoirs, and plays, highlighting diverse themes. This paper explores the invaluable contribution of women writers in Indian literature, throughout history to the contemporary era as well as displaying their unique perspectives, thematic explorations, and literary achievements. It also discusses the emergence of feminist literature in India, emphasizing how women writers have given voice to the marginalized and championed gender equality. Moreover, it aims to highlight the indelible mark left by women in Indian literature, emphasizing their phenomenal contributions in enriching the literary landscape, empowering generations, and fostering social progress. https://ijels.com/detail/the-empowered-pen-the-enduring-contribution-of-women-writers-in-indian-literature/ Parishmita Taye https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/70IJELS-106202350-TheEmpowered.pdf ‘Alam’s own house’ is situated around the thematic demarcations of rootlessness and existential crux for identity engulfed in a sequence of nostalgia. The tedious process of relocation, the aloofness that follows it, and the attachment that strongly withholds the ground which is rigid on getting rid of the footprints, this short story reeks of a series of yearnings and remorse. The event of Partition has uprooted millions of people from their birthplace, transported them to a different location altogether, a point from where the search of individuality has begun. The acknowledgement may never happen, the boundaries may cease to make their presence felt after a while, but never does the forbidden signs of expressions ever leave the path. https://ijels.com/detail/remnants-of-remembrance-a-tale-of-camouflaging-under-the-quest-of-identity-for-a-relic-of-reminder-in-alam-s-own-house-a-work-by-divyendu-palit/ Sayantani Roy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/71IJELS-106202339-Remnants.pdf This study analyzed the lived experiences of the student leaders in Kalinga State University, Dagupan Campus. It made use of qualitative research design, ethnomethodological approach. The study revealed that there are negative and positive lived experiences of the student leaders, five (5) positive and five (5) negative themes respectively. As to the positive impact of student leadership to the studies of the participants, it was revealed that students engaging in leadership positions would tend to become well-rounded persons - developing critical thinking skills, decision-making or problem solving skills, socialization skills, and communication skills. On the other hand, the negative impact of student leadership to the studies of the respondents is that student leaders tend to struggle with time management, especially when there is too much demand of responsibilities. https://ijels.com/detail/lived-experiences-of-student-leaders/ Rodolfo B. Tucay Jr., Abigail B. Quimosing, Atty. Johnny D. Wayet https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/72IJELS-106202354-Lived.pdf Eco-criticism is one of the most recent interdisciplinary fields of study to have risen in the domain of literature which includes ecology, ecosystem and various other environmental issues relating to nature and its myriad aspects. Also, the discussions in the domain have increased significantly. For the last three decades, the environment has been facing a whole range of threats by the human-centric present day society. Also, the environmental consciousness in literature is a matter of vital concern for the scholars and the academic alike, and the subsequent emergence of the green theory, i.e. Ecocriticism is a remarkable addition. It is a field of study wherein nature and literature are mingled. As natural resources are being used injudiciously, the ecological environment is fast losing its poise and equilibrium. The cycle of seasons is fast turning irregular leaving the environment with a whole range of limitations and existential hazards for the entire human race. This crisis is not a recent phenomenon. Rather, it has been continuing since the Victorian age–the age of rapid industrialization, which consequently led to various disastrous phenomena, such as deforestation, water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution etc. Various scientific experimentations and developments have also brought harm to nature. The present paper attempts to show how H.G.Wells in his two novels, namely The Time Machine (1895) and The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896) prophesied the future of the environment in the light of the ideas laid down by the enterprise of science. The paper showcases how the characters of Wells forecast in their course of intersecting and interacting the two different natural worlds and play the role of a mediator between the two civilizations–one natural and the other reigned by science and the future. Through the literary analysis, the paper attempts to analyze not only the interrelationship shared between the human and the non-human worlds, but also, it lays bare the otherwise unwelcome outcomes of the man-nature interactions. In continuation of the analysis, the paper exhibits the demolition of the civilization as well as the environment through the film versions adapted by George Pal and David Duncan in 1960 and 2002 respectively under the same titles. In yet another novel titled The Island of Doctor Moreau(1896), Wells has shown how animals have been exploited for the sake of science and experimentation. The paper concludes how nature is confronting a great threat by the deliberate negligence of the human race, where there is a necessity to improve the correlation between human and nonhumans. https://ijels.com/detail/the-future-of-nature-prophesied-in-the-select-futuristic-science-fictions-of-h-g-wells/ Malay Roy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/73IJELS-106202356-TheFuture.pdf Flexible learning has been used as an alternative approach in delivering instruction during the peak of the pandemic. In this regard, this study aims to determine the perception of flexible learning in three constructs: content delivery and activities of the module, process of teaching and teaching strategies; level of student satisfaction with flexible learning, and academic achievement. Also, it evaluates the correlation between the student's perception and satisfaction and their academic achievement. The researchers utilized a Likert scale survey questionnaire to assess the said variables. Data were statistically treated using mean, standard deviation, percentage, and Pearson Product-Moment of Correlation. The results show that the students have a positive perception of flexible learning and are absolutely satisfied with the course. It is also revealed that student satisfaction is statistically related to academic achievement. Thus, it is recommended to encourage educators to evaluate the satisfaction of the students with their learning regularly. https://ijels.com/detail/perception-and-satisfaction-on-flexible-learning-approach-to-student-s-academic-achievement/ Romar B. Dinoy, Flora Mae A. Bantilan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/74IJELS-106202346-Perception.pdf This study focused on the literary devices used in Edgar Allan Poe’s crime stories. Edgar Allan Poe used certain literary techniques to convey information exactly and accurately. This study would like to examine "Literary Devices in Edgar Allan Poe's Crime Stories: An Analysis ". The devices used by the writer were to convey their ability to use it and identify the interpretations it stands for. This study also aimed to analyze the prevalent literary devices in the Crime Stories of Edgar Allan Poe. The findings of this study served as a basis for proposing technologically aided materials for teaching literature. To meet the objective of this study, the researcher used content analysis to acquire accurate, factual, and systematic data that could provide an actual picture of the data set reviewed. It made use of qualitative study, used of content analysis as it looked into the literary devices utilized in the development of Edgar Allan Poe's selected short stories. The process of analyzing the author's work was anchored with literary devices. This study aimed to analyze the crime stories of Edgar Allan Poe, such as the following: The Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Cask of Amontillado, The Black Cat, The Masque of the Red Death, and The Tell-Tale Heart. Specifically, this study sought to analyze the prevalent literary devices in the crime stories of Edgar Allan Poe. This includes the analysis of the selected short stories based on the different categories to get the literary devices employed and how extensive Edgar Allan Poe's crime stories are when analyzed. https://ijels.com/detail/literary-devices-in-edgar-allan-poe-s-crime-stories-an-analysis/ Grethyl Ann O. Nodalo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/75IJELS-106202349-Literary.pdf Teaching English reading skills in the Vietnamese educational context traditionally emphasizes direct-teaching methods, which often limit students' active involvement and real-world application of knowledge. This study aimed to explore a different pedagogical approach, Project-Based Learning (PBL), to teach English reading skills, with an objective to understand students' attitudes toward this innovative method. The research was conducted at a public secondary school in District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The participants comprised of 50 eighth graders aged 14-15 years, offering a diverse group of English learners for the study. A mixed-methods research design was employed, using both a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to collect data. The questionnaire, featuring 24 items across cognitive, behavioral, and affective domains, was designed to gauge students' perceptions and experiences with PBL in their English reading classes. Semi-structured interviews provided qualitative insights into these experiences, offering a richer understanding of student attitudes. The results revealed that implementing PBL in teaching English reading skills significantly improved students' engagement and learning outcomes. Cognitively, students reported enhanced understanding and retention of new English vocabulary, increased ability to infer meanings of unknown words, and better analytical skills. Behaviorally, PBL encouraged active participation, greater collaboration, and increased English reading beyond the classroom. Affectively, students felt more confident and accomplished, with reduced anxiety and a more positive attitude towards English reading. Nevertheless, certain challenges were reported, including initial project ambiguity and unequal group contribution. These findings suggest that PBL can be an effective strategy for teaching English reading skills, promoting active learning, and fostering positive learning experiences in the Vietnamese context. Future research could focus on optimizing PBL implementation, addressing reported challenges, and exploring its long-term impacts on English reading proficiency. This study hopefully contributes to the broader literature on PBL in English language learning and provides practical insights for educators aiming to enhance English reading skills among secondary school students. https://ijels.com/detail/8th-graders-attitude-toward-the-implementation-of-project-based-learning-method-in-teaching-english-reading-skills-a-case-study-at-public-secondary-school-in-ho-chi-minh-city-vietnam/ Quach Hong An https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/76IJELS-106202345-8thGraders.pdf Gender and caste are two prominent social phenomena that significantly impact people’s lives, opportunities, and social hierarchies in India. The Tamil film industry of late, has focused towards showcasing the strife between subaltern and dominant caste groups in the state of Tamil Nadu. Director Mari Selvaraj’s sophomore venture, ‘Karnan’ has got a raging review from different corners of the world for its portrayal of the casteism driven violence in a region in southern Tamil Nadu. It is said the story is based on a real-time atrocity done to the Dalits not by an upper caste but by an economically settled backward community in the year 1995. This article aims to analyses the cinematic representation of the complex relationship between gender and caste and the multifaceted nature of the intersectionality of both as a potential form of privilege and disadvantage for the individuals involved. As a true analysis, it would inform policymakers, activists, and academics about the specific challenges faced by individuals at the intersections of gender and caste, that more inclusive and targeted interventions fostering social cohesion and equality may emerge within India or at the least in Tamil Nadu. https://ijels.com/detail/karnan-the-social-commentary-for-change/ S. Magdelene Percy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/77IJELS-106202353-Karnan.pdf The struggle for Indian independence spanned nearly a century and was an epic endeavor. The winds of change that swept across the Indian subcontinent after the 'Sepoy' Mutiny in 1857 left lasting imprints on the political and social landscape. The Indian nation had to overcome centuries of lethargy, transcend religious, caste, and provincial divisions, and move forward on the path of progress. This transformation occurred with the onset of the Gandhian movement, which disrupted established political and social norms, introducing innovative ideas and methods. Mahatma Gandhi's relentless pursuit of freedom marked significant milestones such as the non-violent non-cooperation movement of 1920-22, the civil disobedience movement of 1930-31, and the Quit India movement of 1942. The non-violent non-cooperation movement triggered an unparalleled awakening, shifting Indian nationalism from a "middle-class movement" to a widespread emotional movement. An exploration of Nahal's fiction reveals his alignment with the humanistic tradition pioneered by Anand in the thirties and carried forward by Bhabani Bhattacharya and Kamala Markandaya in the fifties and sixties. Nahal's themes encompass tradition versus Westernization, spousal relationships, internationalism, East-West interactions, satire on anglicized Indians, the three phases of India's epic struggle for freedom, the partition of India into India and Muslim Pakistan, and the resulting agony for millions on both sides of the border. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-nation-and-history-an-analysis-of-chaman-nahal-s-selected-novels/ Ganeshkumar Sumanbhai Patel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/78IJELS-108202329-Exploring.pdf The present study investigates the representation of Partition narratives in literary novels. This study focuses on important works that attempt to disentangle the complex relationships between space and narrative in the representation of the 1947 Partition of India, including "Train to Pakistan" by Khushwant Singh, "Azadi" by Chaman Nahal, "The Shadow Lines" by Amitav Ghosh, and "A Bend in the Ganges" by Manohar Malgonkar. This study attempts to elucidate how these writers employ geographical dimensions to portray the socio-political complexity, personal experiences, and communal memories connected to Partition using a multidimensional approach. The research will examine how spaces—both real and imagined—become effective means of expressing themes such as trauma, identity crises, displacement, and the search for belonging in the face of Partition's chaos. This study aims to offer light on the various viewpoints and voices present in Partition literature by investigating the relationship between space and narrative devices like setting, imagery, and symbolism. By closely examining the text and applying critical interpretation, it aims to provide fresh perspectives on how literary representation might influence readers' comprehension of historical events and human experiences. By clarifying the ways in which spatial dynamics and narrative techniques interact to produce rich and complex representations of one of the most important periods in South Asian history, this study ultimately seeks to further the conversation on Partition literature. https://ijels.com/detail/intersecting-realities-exploring-partition-narratives/ N Ashok Kumar, Dr. P Sartaj Khan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/79IJELS-103202336-Intersecting.pdf