https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usFebruary 9 The purpose of this study is to examine the role of ESL instructors in assisting their students with vocabulary development at a private institution in Kurdistan. When learning a new language, vocabulary plays a key role in both language acquisition and overall academic success. Having a working grasp of English is essential for students in Kurdistan, not just to meet the academic requirements for a given degree but also to help them succeed in using English in their daily lives. Because vocabulary is so important in communicating in English, this study aims to investigate the wide range of approaches students take to learning new words. Results showed that self-regulation abilities were positively related to memory, cognitive, metacognitive, and social techniques for vocabulary acquisition. The strongest correlation was found between social strategy and the ability to regulate one's own vocabulary learning (B=.547). https://ijels.com/detail/analyzing-the-influence-of-english-vocabulary-learning-strategies-on-english-language-learners/ Shorsh Mohammed Ismael https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-101202319-Analyzing.pdf In the age of global modernity where human life is increasingly shaped by the change in cultural pattern, the concept of shared culture is often debated and discussed. Modern life marked by geographical dislocations and displacement is no longer centered on the notion of purity of culture. The present paper analyses the effect of cultural decentralization affected by dislocation in Nadeem Aslam's Maps for Lost Lovers. The reading focuses in analyzing the novel, based on the effect of shared experiences in shaping and establishing their life ranging from intercultural interactions, transnational patterns, and connected life styles. The paper also traces how the decentered culture results in dislocated identity formation. https://ijels.com/detail/decentered-culture-and-dislocated-identity-in-nadeem-aslam-s-maps-for-lost-lovers/ Dr. Reshmi Ravindran P https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-112202224-Decentered.pdf Since first published in 1813, Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice has remained to be a timeless classic and has continued to inspire many adaptations in different artistic forms. The novel explores pride in Mr. Darcy’s character and prejudices in Elizabeth Bennet’s nature. In the beginning, excessive pride and prejudices prevent them from admiring each other’s virtue and beauty. As the story progresses, though, readers see both their growth and, finally, a happy ending after pride and prejudices fade. Because it tells one of the most cherished love stories in English literature, the original novel has been adapted to plays, movies, and TV series—but unfortunately, not every production is at the same level of quality. The wonderful experiences of going to the Pride & Prejudice (2005) movie screening and watching BBC’s Pride and Prejudice (1995) TV series had raised my expectation for other adaptations of the novel, so I couldn’t wait to go to Aquila Theatre’s play production. However, it was a disappointment and I have since been curious to find out why I felt that it did not meet my expectation: I love the book, the movie, and the TV series, so why can’t I like Aquila Theatre’s play adaptation as well? In this paper, I will argue that I don’t think Aquila Theatre’s production is a good adaptation of the original work, based on how the play differently portrays Mr. Collins’s character and manners, Elizabeth Bennet, and her relationship with Mr. Darcy. • How did Jane Austen portray each character when writing the book? • How did Aquila Theatre differently portray each character when directing the play? • What is the message Jane Austen tries to send through her novel Pride and Prejudice? • What are some reviews of Aquila Theatre’s production of Pride and Prejudice? https://ijels.com/detail/pride-and-prejudice-book-vs-play/ Grace Zhang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-112202228-Pride.pdf This study aimed to determine the basic psychological need for frustration and how it affects the work engagement of Andres Bonifacio College, Inc. employees during the school year 2022-2023. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed in this study. Using frequency counting and percent, weighted mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation, data were obtained from 120 employees of Andres Bonifacio College, Inc. The study discovered that the respondents' perceived level of basic psychological need frustration is not Frustrated. Standard deviations less than 3.0 supported a high degree of homogeneity in their responses. Moreover, the study found that the respondents perceived level of work engagement is highly engaged. The study found a significant difference in the perceived level of basic psychological need frustration when the respondents were grouped in age, position, and educational attainment. However, there is no significant difference in the perceived level of basic psychological need frustration when the respondents are grouped in terms of sex, monthly income, and years of service. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between basic psychological needs, frustration, and work engagement. This indicates that the basic psychological need frustration was not significantly related to employees' work engagement in Andres Bonifacio College, Inc. Hence, management strategy and working environments would be enhanced to boost employee job satisfaction, psychological well-being, and engagement. https://ijels.com/detail/basic-psychological-need-frustration-and-work-engagement-of-employees-in-andres-bonifacio-college-inc/ James Ongos Baes, Leo C. Naparota, Edgardo S. Cabalida, Shirley G. Bellino, Leynie Boy G. Bellino https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-112202221-BasicPsychological.pdf The study's main objective was to determine the influence of the enforcement of Traffic Laws on the implementation of pedestrian safety rules in Dipolog City during the calendar year 2020. Therefore, a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed in this study. Using frequency counting and percent, weighted mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation, data were obtained from 304 drivers and 92 pedestrians in Dipolog City. The study found that drivers were very highly perceived, and pedestrians were highly perceived in enforcing Traffic Laws. Furthermore, it was found that there is no significant difference in the perceived enforcement of traffic laws of the drivers and pedestrians in terms of age, level of education, and monthly income. However, the study revealed a significant difference in the perceived enforcement of the drivers in terms of the level of education and monthly income. On the other hand, the level of drivers' and pedestrians' perception of the implementation of Traffic Laws in Dipolog City is poorly implemented. Furthermore, there is no significant difference in the perceived implementation of the drivers and pedestrians in terms of age, level of education, and monthly income. Likewise, there is a significant difference in the perceived implementation of the drivers regarding the level of education and monthly income. Moreover, there is a substantial relationship between the drivers' and pedestrians' perceptions of the enforcement and implementation of Traffic Laws in Dipolog City. https://ijels.com/detail/the-enforcement-and-implementation-of-the-traffic-laws-in-dipolog-city/ Ma. Nova Ferrer-Celicious, Leo c. Naparota https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-101202314-TheEnforcement.pdf A survey was done among 314 respondents from Bohol Island State University (BISU) Clarin Campus. Students, faculty, staff, and parents/guardians answered the survey questionnaire to examine the awareness and acceptability of the BISU vision, mission, goals, objectives, and grading system of the undergraduate and graduate programs. The researchers utilized descriptive survey design with the use of questionnaire as the main tool for data gathering. The study found out that the stakeholders are aware of the university’s vision, mission, goals, as well as of the objectives and grading system of BEEd, BSEd-Mathematics, and MAEd programs. Also, the vision, mission, goals, objectives and grading system were considered to be acceptable to the stakeholders. Hence, a parallel study may be conducted yearly to assess and monitor the stakeholders’ awareness and acceptability of the VMGO and grading system of the different programs that the university offers. https://ijels.com/detail/stakeholders-awareness-and-acceptability-on-the-vmgo-and-grading-system-of-bohol-island-state-university-clarin-campus/ Dearyl Mae C. Batan, Sheila Mae N. Bojos, Romar B. Dinoy, Menchie A. Labrigas https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-112202229-Stakeholders.pdf The objective of this paper is to analyze the strategic significance of Chi in The Joys of Motherhood and how it has been employed by Buchi Emecheta in the text to highlight gender inequality by chronicling Nnu Ego's plight in trying to adhere to the constructed, delimiting, normative notions and expectations of femininity, this paper aims to elucidate how Nnu Ego’s Chi, serves as a symbolic or metaphorical manifestation of the way female suffering gets reduced to non- being; using ‘trauma theory’ this paper underscores how through her, subaltern trauma is reified and reiterated and how she becomes a means of registering a new form of resistance to patriarchal injustice. https://ijels.com/detail/nnu-ego-s-chi-subaltern-trauma-and-the-politics-of-gendered-suffering-in-buchi-emecheta-s-the-joys-of-motherhood/ Shristi Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-101202323-Nnu.pdf Globally and nationally, women are migrating in a similar pattern as men, although they are differently affected by migration. Female migrant workers face a new set of challenges in the host states. The neglected and deprived women in slums often suffer from physical and mental health issues along with exposure to poor sexual and reproductive health, maternal morbidities and risk of infectious and non-communicable diseases. The present study has used a qualitative research design to highlight the mental, sexual and reproductive, maternal and general health-related perspectives and issues faced by migrant women in the slums in Aligarh city. The qualitative data were collected using a purposive sampling design from women in slums using open-ended interviews to understand the plight and vulnerability. The study found the health of migrants to be in a highly deteriorated state and recommended the need for the state to streamline the provisional care needs of women migrants in slums. https://ijels.com/detail/health-issues-of-women-migrants-in-slums-of-urban-aligarh/ Sanoobia Iqrar, Prof. Azra Musavi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-101202365-1-Health.pdf Crime has been an intrinsic part of human society since its inception and has eventually shaped itself as a social phenomenon. Crime follows punishment even though not in all cases but both are considered to be intertwined with one another closely and the latter happens as a consequence of the former. Crime is a behaviour that is not socially acceptable and despite the viciousness associated with it, crime is a transgression of the social rules as to how humans need to conduct themselves. The advent of the British as a colonial power introduced India to western thoughts, ideals, and scientific and technological advancements. The dwellers of the Western world came with not solely what was desirable but also that which a healthy human society does not find worth welcoming. Criminal propensities of the human disposition in the Western world were perpetuated into Indian society with their arrival. https://ijels.com/detail/decoding-crime-and-punishment-in-colonial-india-analysing-surjatamashi-nibarsaptak-and-thugee-or-thug/ Rajarshi Mukherjee, Koyel Dasgupta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-101202322-Decoding.pdf In the presented research paper, the participation of the people of Haryana in the non-cooperation movement has been highlighted. The year 1920 holds a very important place in Indian history. Because on this day the public was hoping that the First World War would end and the British Government will definitely do some good work for them but Raoult Act, Jallianwala Bagh. Reports like the massacre, and martial law in Punjab dashed all the hopes of the public. Gandhiji returned all his titles to the British, and he decided to launch a movement against the British. When the non-cooperation movement started in 1920, how could Haryana escape its influence? On the appeal of Gandhiji, many leaders returned the titles given by the government. Lawyers stopped going to government courts. Students from colleges and school boycotted the institutions. Holi of foreign goods burned by in various districts of Haryana State like Rohtak, Gurgaon, Ambala, Hisar. Shriram Sharma, Muralidhar, Lala Lajpat Rai etc. leaders strongly opposed the government. In this way, within no time, the movement spread throughout Haryana reached its zenith but at the same time when on 5 February 1922 a place called Chora-Chori , when the violence broke out, Gandhiji was deeply shocked and he suspended the movement . Thus on 5 February 1922 in India as well as in Haryana region Non-cooperation movement ended. https://ijels.com/detail/contribution-of-haryana-in-non-cooperation-movement/ Dr. Yashpal Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-101202364-Contribution.pdf Human Rights” are those rights which belong to an individual as a consequence of being a human being. It is birth right inherent in all the individuals irrespective of their caste, creed, religion, sex and nationality. Human Rights, essential for all round development of the personality of the individual in society and therefore, ought to be protected and be made available to all individuals. Literature has substantially contributed to the protection of human rights. Literature can inspire us to change our world and give us the comfort, hope, passion and strength that we need in order to fight to create a better future for us. The literary creation such novels, short-stories etc. are the mirror of society. The novelists of Indian writing in English are keenly aware of the fundamental incongruities which life and world are confronting us in day to day life. The heroes of R.K. Narayan present the ironies of life and the heroines expose the deprivation of common housewives who are denied equal rights in their day to day life. Mulk Raj Anand is a great humanist and his prime concern is human predicament. Manohar Malgoankar presents the pathetic life of the labourers of tea-plantation of Assam. Kamla Markandeya highlights pitiable conditions of peasants of India. Anita Desai shows the denial of social justice to women. Khuswant Singh and Salman Rushdie draw attention towards sexual abuse of children. Thus, literature carries the human experience which reaches the heart of those who have been treated improperly by denial of basic human rights. https://ijels.com/detail/human-rights-and-portrayal-of-women-in-indian-english-fiction/ Dr. Surekha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-101202364-Human.pdf The software industries give employment opportunity to more than 5 trillion people. They are working more hours per day than in any other profession. The prolong working hours including night shifts of employees working in software industries makes them prone to develop psychological disorders. The study conducted to explore the prevalence of psychological disorders like stress, anxiety and depression among IT professionals. Studies have not been conducted to find out the association between these disorders and Sickness absenteeism. To find out the prevalence of Psychological disorders, its association with Sickness absenteeism among Software professionals. Randomly selected 310 subjects from 20 IT companies at Techno Park, Trivandrum, Kerala. Semi-structured questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used for the study. Chi² test, t test were done to compare continuous variables. Binary logistic regression was used to test the strength of associations of independent variables. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was obtained. Anxiety was the most prevalent psychological disorder among software professionals followed by depression and stress. Those who had taken sick leaves above 70% had anxiety 64.2 %, had depression 57.8 % and stress 55.3%. In logistic regression only anxiety and depression were found to be the predictors of significant sickness absenteeism which was quantified with help of Bradfords Factor score. The result showed that anxiety was the most prevalent psychological disorder followed by depression and stress. Psychological disorders like stress, anxiety and depression were also seen more among female employees than males. https://ijels.com/detail/psychological-disorders-affects-sickness-absenteeism-in-software-industries/ Dr. R. Johnson, Dr. T. Nidhin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-101202326-Psychological.pdf The novel coronavirus disease or COVID-19 emerged at the end of December 2019. It has caused immense effect on the economy, human society, health system, human psychology, daily life and livelihood of human beings around the world. In India this deadly virus first attacked in Mumbai and turned to be a pandemic after rapid transmission throughout the country. During this pandemic thousands of people died due to the infection of the virus. The citizens of India became witness of an unnatural and heart throbbing situation which they had never seen before. In this adverse situation human values like faith, love, respect, affection, self-confidence, responsibility started to deteriorate and reached to the bottom line. Human behaviour is influenced by these human values. Naturally people's behaviour started to deteriorate towards others in this pandemic situation. They began to show disrespect to others, hatred and negligence to a corona patient, selfish and self-centered attitude to protect themselves only. In my opinion, most of us were compelled to show these type of negative behaviours at the beginning of this pandemic, because there was no vaccine and no treatment during those days. But today we have already spent almost one and half year in this abnormal situation and started to believe that COVID-19 does not mean death only, rather the probability of recovery from this disease is high if we follow some good habits and practices like hand-washing, wearing face mask, maintaining social distance, maintaining cleanliness etc. Now-a-days almost everyone of us is following these good practices and precautionary measures, because we have come to know that these practices will protect us from the coronavirus. Today we are all optimistic and confident that a day will definitely come when our beloved earth will be out of the adverse effect from this invisible enemy. https://ijels.com/detail/human-values-and-behaviour-in-the-context-of-covid-19/ Suparna Dey https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-101202324-HumanValues.pdf “The efficiency of a person depends on two factors, firstly, the level of ability to do a certain work, secondly, the willingness to do the work. So for as the first factor is concerned it can be acquired by education and training, but the second factor can be created by motivation. A person may have several needs and desires. It is only strongly felt needs which motives become. Thus motives are a product of needs and desires motives are many and keep on changing with time motives are invisible and directed towards certain goals. Motivation means that process which creates on inspiration in a person to motivation is derived from the word ‘motive’ which means the latest power in a person which impels him to do a work. Motivation is the process of steering a person’s inner drives and actions towards certain goals and committing his energies to achieve these goals. It involve a chain reaction starting with felt needs, resulting in motives which give rise to tension which census action towards goals. It is the process of stimulating people to strive willingly towards the achievement of organizational goals motivation may be defined as the work a manager performs an order to Induce Subordinates to act on the desired manner by Satisfying their needs and desires. Thus, motivations is concerned with how behaviour gets started, is energized, sustained and directed. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-on-employee-motivation-on-tdps/ Dr. Rekha N Patil, Arpitha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-101202360-AStudy.pdf The present research paper, while exploring the plight of women in Patriarchal Society, highlights the role of media in the promotion of gender equality. It discusses why woman becomes a sacrificial and submissive being. It reveals how media promotes the issues of higher education and personality development of woman which are ignored by the patriarchal society. In the paper an attempt has been made to bring out the significance of media in eradicating gender bias prevailing in the society. https://ijels.com/detail/media-and-promotion-of-gender-equality/ Dr. Reena https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-101202370-Media.pdf Based on studies in the field of discourse analysis by authors such as Michel Pêcheux (2014), Eni Orlandi (1999) Helena Brandão (2004) and Dominique Maingueneau (2006, 2010), we analyze how the discourse of violence is strongly present in daily discursive (re) productions. Since this often assumes a subtle character, it is necessary to pay greater attention to this aspect of the discourse of violence. Therefore, we reveal the attempts of groups and certain social classes to deny these various manifestations of violence through the genders that traverse society. Accordingly, the justification for our research is precisely the problem of the constitutive contradiction of our subject and, as a consequence, the production of certain effects of meaning. https://ijels.com/detail/the-discourse-of-violence-between-a-correria-and-a-good-brazilian-citizen/ Márcio Rogério de Oliveira Cano, Aline Carvalho Veiga, Ana Eliza Silva Barbosa, Éberton Lopes de Aguino https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-101202351-TheDiscourse.pdf The present research paper highlights the importance of education for women empowerment. It discusses how higher education is discouraged for girls in patriarchal society. In the dearth of proper education women are weak mentally and psychologically. It reveals how women empowerment is not possible in the absence of education. In this paper an attempt has been made to explain the factors which are essential for women empowerment, and how these traits can be inculcated in behavior through education. https://ijels.com/detail/education-and-woman-empowerment-an-overview/ Dr. Reena https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-10220233-Education.pdf The different linguistic styles used by the authors in their novels and short stories have made them interesting and challenging to study. Those styles are able to create certain effects on the readers; they might be emphatic, amused, persuaded, or even perplexed. Stylistics aims to examine the relationship between language and artistic function in literature. This research focuses on "Soon," the second and middle story of the Juliet trilogy ("Chance," "Soon" and "Silence") included in Runaway written by Alice Munro. This study used stylistics as an approach to analyze how the speeches and thoughts of the characters in the story are presented and to find out which of the categories of speech presentation are most frequently used in the short story. As a result, the current study discovers 373 presentations in Soon, including 304 speech presentations and 69 thought presentations. The analysis shows that the most commonly used speech presentation modes are FDS and DS which enable the author to make the characters seem independent of the narrator. The FDS technique suggests that the context of speech in the story is clear enough, referring to who the speakers are. The choice of forms of speech presentation as well as the choice of speech act verbs has significant consequences for the degree of importance that is attributed to different utterances, for the projection of viewpoint, and for the creation of a contrast between the characters. https://ijels.com/detail/speech-and-thought-presentation-in-soon-by-alice-munro-a-stylistic-analysis/ Zeravan Ayoub Ahmed, Behbood Mohammadzadeh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-101202356-Speechand.pdf This study aimed to assess the workplace well-being and how it affects the work engagement of employees in the Department of Public Works and Highways first and third engineering district offices during the calendar year 2022. The respondents were ninety-four (94) employees of the Department of Public Works and Highways first and third district engineering offices. The study used descriptive-correlational research design utilizing the quantitative approach with the aid of questionnaire checklist in gathering data employing frequency counting and percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that DPWH was manned by majority of the females, employees’ belonged to the adult age 31-51, the majority of employees' length of service was six years and above, educational attainment was dominated by college level, and likewise there were also non-regular employees working in the DPWH. The study found out that the respondents’ perceived level of workplace well-being is high. In addition, the study also found out that the respondents’ perceived level of work engagement is highly engaged. However, the perceived level of the respondents in terms of intrusion of work into their private life is moderate. The study found out that the workplace well-being and work engagement of the employees did not differ significantly when measured by sex, age, length of service, educational attainment and type of employment. The study found out also that the workplace well-being and work engagement of the employees were not affected when measured by demographic profile. Furthermore, the study found out that employees’ workplace well-being was positively related with, and strongly connected to, their work engagement. This indicates that workplace well-being was significantly related to employees’ work engagement in the Department of Public Works and Highways. Hence, management strategy, organizational culture, working environment and policy of the Department of Public Works and Highways would be enhanced to boost the level of workplace well-being and employees’ work engagement. https://ijels.com/detail/workplace-well-being-and-work-engagement-among-employees-in-the-department-of-public-works-and-highways-first-and-third-district-engineering-offices/ Joel B. Yosores, Leo C. Naparota, Edgardo S. Cabalida https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-101202362-Workplace.pdf Economists on the connotation and extension of government debt has been different debate, its impact on economic growth has not formed a consistent point of view and method, even some theories on government debt analysis conclusions are very different. The main representative theories are "the harmful theory of public debt" of classical economics school and "the beneficial theory of public debt" represented by Keynesianism. Marxist political economics from the perspective of production relations, the connotation and extension of government debt has been deeply studied and discussed, the government debt as a means of financing, accelerate the original accumulation of capital. Since the founding of The People's Republic of China, in order to meet the needs of economic construction and development in different historical stages, The financing behavior and methods of Local governments in China have been constantly changing and improving in the course of development. Through the method of combining theoretical research and empirical research, this paper studies the relationship between Local government debt and economic growth in China after reviewing the classical economic theories and the development history of local government debt in China, and gives relevant policy suggestions. https://ijels.com/detail/a-theoretical-and-empirical-study-on-the-impact-of-local-government-debt-on-economic-growth/ Yu Fengze https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-101202349-Atheoretical.pdf The study will identify how far the use of social media TikTok and YouTube has influenced the self-quality of the young generation in the Jakarta Special Capitol. Thus, the objective of the study is to identify the influence of the use of the social media TikTok and YouTube on the self-quality of the young generation in Jakarta Special Capitol. In conducting the study, the Stimulus-Response Theory has been implemented because in the use of the social media TikTok and YouTube the public or the young generations will define the initiative upon their alternatives with regards to the needs of satisfaction on certain media. Both the public and the young generations are provided with the decision on the needs within the media society which has been known to compete with one another. As a result, the positivist paradigm has been adopted in the study. Then, the study itself took place in Jakarta Special Capitol from February until March 2022. The design that the researchers have adopted in the study is the causal method whereas the data analysis within the study is conducted by using the PLS. The results of the study show the influence of Tiktok and YouTube social media platforms on the self-quality of the young generations in the Jakarta Special Capitol. The coefficient value of TikTok (X1) against the self-quality of the young generation (Y) is -0.038. Hence, it can be concluded that the social media platform TikTok (X1) has a negative and insignificant influence on the self-quality of the young generations in Jakarta Special Capitol. On the contrary, the coefficient value of YouTube (X2) against the self-quality of the young generation (Y) is 0.687 with a T-statistics value of 6.762 and a p-value of 0.000. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the social media platform YouTube (X2) has a positive and significant influence on the self-quality of the young generations in Jakarta. https://ijels.com/detail/the-influence-of-tiktok-and-youtube-social-media-use-on-the-young-generation-in-the-jakarta-special-capitol/ Vania Utamie Subiakto https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-10220235-TheInfluence.pdf “I think dystopian futures are also a reflection of current fears.” – Lauren Oliver The more we progress towards a better dawn, the more we find ourselves involved in a dystopian societal bond. Far removed from Thomas Moore and his concept of utopia, we have drowned deep into the abyss of never ending chaos, the chaos of erroneous distortions that mess up with the wits and generate robots. All dystopian fictions deal with the same concept, but each become more menacing than the former. This feature that emerged as a by product of post-colonialism, has stormed the world in general and the literary sphere in particular, striking alarming thoughts. “But within every dystopia there’s a little utopia.” – Margaret Atwood. We, readers, have to understand these minacious nightmares that have been penned down since the last century. This paper attempts to deconstruct the four pillars of dystopian narrative: Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, 1984 by George Orwell, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood. The deconstructive analysis, done through psychoanalytic criticism, would be based on both the Freudian and Jungian principles. The novels selected are dystopian in nature, keeping in mind the postcolonial society and the crisis that it has been facing since the advent of the world wars. Some of the major analytical theories have been taken up together by this paper: deconstruction to point at the horror from the closest point of examination and psychoanalysis that will help with a better understanding into the psyche of the protagonists. This paper aims at giving a better insight into the postmodern dystopian society as a whole, seeking to provide a solution rather than posing a problem. “The beauty of dystopia is that it lets us vicariously experience future worlds – but we still have the power to change our own.” – Ally Condie This is exactly what this paper aims to present: an understanding of the future agitations, so that postcolonial dystopia remains a vague abstraction, never concretised! https://ijels.com/detail/psychoanalytic-deconstruction-of-dystopian-personae-a-comprehensive-study-of-brave-new-world-1984-fahrenheit-451-and-the-handmaid-s-tale/ Souvik Datta, Ankita Dutta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-10220232-Psychoanalytic.pdf Tracing the history of black feminism, it becomes evident that the social construction of racism, sexism and classism was the driving force behind the widespread violence and discrimination against black women. They are found searching and struggling to attain their identity in this patriarchal world. Black feminist thought leads to certain ideas that clarify a standpoint of and for black women. Black feminist perspectives focus on the social domination on the basis of gender, race and class oppression. These oppressions are densely interwoven into social structures and work collectively to define the history of the lives of Black women in America and other coloured women worldwide. It takes us back to the era of United States slavery during which period, a societal hierarchy was established, according to which White men were supposed to be at the top, White women next, followed by Black men and finally, at the bottom were placed Black women. Black feminists were critical of the view that suggests that black women must identify as either black or women. The present paper looks at Lorraine Hansberry’s play A Raisin in the Sun from a black feminist viewpoint. It discusses position of a woman in male dominated society and her struggle for identity. It unfolds the saga of suffering and silencing of a black woman, which pervades the black women writings. It is depicted that black women have to face the unique challenging task of fighting for black liberation and gender equality simultaneously. The play effectively unthreads the history of African American women’s lives and their quest for identity in African American society. Issues of masculinity and femininity are deeply woven in this play. Women in this play present a microcosm of society; they are treated as second class citizens in society. Hansberry has depicted through her play the superiority that men pose over women. The glimpse of patriarchal dominance is visible throughout the play through different male characters. It further focuses on the value of the individual women’s identity and women’s right and freedom to construct their own separate identities rather than having them imposed against their wishes. It delineates how African American Women try to speak out against oppression and create a sense of individual identity in the face of silence and absence. https://ijels.com/detail/black-women-s-quest-for-identity-a-critical-study-of-lorraine-hansberry-s-play-a-raisin-in-the-sun/ Parul Chauhan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-101202367-Black.pdf This article is devoted to the study of trauma portrayed in the novel Beloved by Toni Morrison. The subject of the study is Sethe, the protagonists in the novel, who not only suffers from physical pain but also has to bear great mental pressure. The aim of the research is to find out the root causes and the recovery process of Sethe’s trauma, and then explore Toni Morrison’s writing ideas and the black spirit in her works. The major research methods are text analysis and social and historical criticism. How to heal the historical trauma that has been deposited in the hearts of the black people for such a long time and get rid of the misunderstanding of themselves? This is not only the question that the author has pondered over for a long time, but also a thought-provoking question to all the readers. https://ijels.com/detail/on-sethe-s-trauma-and-recovery-in-beloved-from-the-perspective-of-trauma-theory/ Yuehua Lu, Ziyu Zhang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-102202310-OnSethe.pdf Functional texts, which include a persuasive text, are among the long texts whose teaching requires various complex skills such as understanding the meanings of words, paraphrasing sentences, rewriting statements, defining frank and logical relationships between the parts of the text, finding explanations, and interpretation of terms and new sentences in order to understand the purpose of the text. Thus, teaching this type of text requires simplification and graduation from simple stages into more sophisticated ones. his study focuses on teaching a persuasive text and enabling the pupils to write the text through the stages of the pioneering project of the Pilot Model for Teaching the Written Presentation, which consists of reading comprehension, lexical/vocabulary knowledge, writing, and evaluation. The study concludes that teaching the pupils written presentation skills, including persuasive text, through the stages of this pilot model, is likely to enable the pupils to acquire writing skills faster, more effectively, and more accurately. https://ijels.com/detail/how-to-teach-a-persuasive-text-according-to-the-stages-of-the-pilot-model-for-teaching-the-written-presentation/ Rima Abu Jaber Baransi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-102202322-Howto.pdf Ursula K. Le Guin is one of the greatest writers in the world literary scene. Analyzing her works from different perspectives has different manifestations. The Left Hand of Darkness is one of her famous fictional stories. This paper, talking from the Eco-feminist perspective, aims to explore her considerations of the two genders, taking the main character Genly Ai as an example. Studying her Eco-feminist thinking in her works can help people understand better gender relations in modern society. https://ijels.com/detail/coexist-with-differences-a-study-on-ursula-k-le-guin-s-eco-feminist-thinking-in-the-left-hand-of-darkness/ Song Junying https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-102202312-Coexist.pdf This article discusses the conflicting relationship between autobiography and poetry in poems within Drummond’s Boitempo trilogy. Exploring this theme is significant for the problematization of a rather naive reading that seeks the reasons for a poem in its extraliterary sphere, that is, in the life of the poet, providing a broader understanding of the lyrical subject as a complex fictional element. Accordingly, in this study, we apply the theoretical conceptions of Hoisel (2019), Lejeune (2014), Arfuch (2010), Smith (1971) and Iser (1996, 2002) to debate autobiographical space in poetry and the reception of the most astute part of Drummond’s lyrical remembrance. The article also discusses, following Halbwachs (1990), Silva (2009), Miranda (1988) and Santiago (2008, 2004), the collective nature of memory and the resemanticization of the subject in fiction. Moreover, our analysis of selected poems dialogs with the critical arguments of Candido (2000), Villaça (2006) and Pedrosa (2011) to clarify how Drummond’s memorialistic texts propose the recreation of the past — of an “I” that is recognized as an “other” and projects itself in this “other”, which is constantly cowritten through the act of reading. https://ijels.com/detail/the-deployment-of-autobiography-in-heterobiography-poetic-memory-in-boitempo-by-carlos-drummond-de-andrade/ Mirella Carvalho do Carmo, Andréa Portolomeos https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-102202320-TheDeployment.pdf The modern nation state, with its system of social control has the power to relegate the individual to the naught. One of the most important novelists of the twentieth century, Franz Kafka’s work went on to be identified with a mood that is infused with grimness and bleakness, uncertainty and an ensuing sense of discomfort. This is what birthed the term “Kafkaesque”, and it is also used in real-life situations fraught with an unnerving environment. It is easy to gauge from the premise in Kafka’s works, particularly The Trial, a feeling of existential angst and dread seeping in the already forlorn setting. This paper seeks to explore the dystopian realm that Kafka engineers in his works and how it is telling of the large scale annihilation that was to rock the world in the shape of the World Wars. https://ijels.com/detail/kafka-and-dystopia-an-analysis-of-an-overarching-sense-of-despondency-and-tragedy-democratization-in-kafka-s-the-trial/ Mrinal Pant https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-102202319-Kafka.pdf In the previous two decades, young adult fiction has dominated the best-selling books, owing to its popularity and the ease with which it is widely available over the internet. Young adult fiction and high fantasy have been extensively studied in the literature in connection to a variety of genres, which also include fantasy books. Numerous researchers have examined blockbuster fantasy series in this regard. Several academics have shed new light on cinema adaptation theory or its critical examination within this area of study. As such, this study will examine the intertextual utterances seen in most significant fantasy blockbusters. The study examines a variety of disciplines, including cinema adaptations, high fantasy books, and young adult writing. https://ijels.com/detail/paradigm-shift-in-fantasy-literature-screen-adaptations-as-a-source-of-infotainment/ Mohd. Adeel Alam https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-102202314-Paradigm.pdf The study conducted to explore the prevalence of psychological disorders like stress, anxiety and depression among IT professionals.310 subjects from 20 IT companies at Techno Park, Trivandrum, Kerala were selected. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used for the study. The result showed that anxiety was the most prevalent psychological disorder followed by depression and stress. Psychological disorders like stress, anxiety and depression were also seen more among female employees than males. https://ijels.com/detail/psychological-disorders-among-it-professionals-in-kerala/ Johnson R. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-101202320-Psychological.pdf The focus of this paper, which is in the mainstream of cross-cultural representation, is on the resistance strategies used by Anglophone Arab women immigrant writers. Writings from the Arab diaspora in particular lay the way for challenging the binary opposition between various cultures, genders, races, nationalities, and so forth as well as the culture of exclusion and oppression. This paper argues that Arab women Diaspora writing commit itself seriously to the marginal and the oppressed where authors express their abilities to engage consciously in a political contest and willed protest against Orientalism and Patriarchy. Through a textual analysis of Najat El Hachimi’s Novel entitled The Last Patriarch (2008), this study attempts to trace the ways in which Arab female diasporic writers aim to go beyond the politics of exclusion, surpasses gender and sexual stereotypes and resists patriarchal regime in its many multiple forms and institutions. Therefore, Theories of feminism, postcolonialism and identity are used to analyze double oppression and identity formation in a context of precariousness. https://ijels.com/detail/strategies-of-resistance-to-the-patriarchal-coercion-in-najat-el-hachimi-s-the-last-patriarch-2008/ Khadiri El Houssine https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-102202318-Strategies.pdf Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the German philosopher and theologian whole lived during the Nazi Germany era, was a “lone voice in the wilderness” whose work on the theology of sociality advocated for a community which he calls the “visible community” and was “beyond all earthly ties”. In the Nazi Germany context, it ran counter current to the German nationalist propaganda of the volk which had aggressively made its way into all aspects of the German society including the church. Bonhoeffer’s theology of sociality opens up the possibility of Christianity as not merely a religious institution but a movement towards inclusivity. The study of Bonhoeffer’s theology of sociality becomes significant in formulating a new concept of community for contemporary times. The foundation of communities formed along earthly ties whether be it religious, political, cultural, social and in our context caste or ethnic almost always inevitably turn into oppressive powers. This radical demand of renunciation of earthly ties, yet the call to live for the sake of the ‘neighbour’ and to bear the ‘cost of discipleship’ is counter-intuitive to contemporary individualistic and consumerist impulses, which therefore opens up the question of how one is to live in the modern world in the face of modern powers. This opens up the possibility of exploring the relationship between the individual and the community and the ethical responsibility that this community must fulfil towards the oppressed and the suffering. In the context of global justice, an understanding of Bonhoeffer’s theology of sociality offers the articulation of an inclusive community that does not discriminate or oppress. https://ijels.com/detail/bonhoeffer-s-theology-of-resistance-in-the-context-of-global-justice/ Bendangrenla S Longkumer https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-102202316-Bonhoeffer.pdf Dramatic monologue can be considered as a lyrical- dramatic narrative hybrid and the flagship genre of Victorian poetry. It is the most significant poetic innovation of the Victorian era that helped to increase the dignity of Victorian poetry and especially the poems of Robert Browning to a very sophisticated level in the genre of literature. The lengthy speech delivered by the speaker expresses his/her private thoughts intentionally or not. It leads to the uncovering of the intentions and emotions deep within the self of a person. A dramatic monologue reveals the speaker’s temperament and character. The peculiar characteristics of the psychological state of the speaker may be revealed to the silent listener. The construction of the self is done on the basis of the close reading of the lines of the poem. This paper deals with the idea on how a dramatic monologue throws light upon the self within a person. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-the-construction-of-self-an-ironic-gaze-towards-robert-browning-s-my-last-duchess/ Annu Jose https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-102202332-Exploring.pdf The article examines with a fine-tooth comb the evolution of the civil rights movements of African Americans by making a comparative study between the civil rights movement of the sixties and the Black Lives Matter Movement in 2013. After the great hopes raised by Barack Obama's election in 2008, the series of savage and often unpunished killings of young African Americans between 2012-2020 sparked the ire of the black community gathered around the Black Lives Matter Movement. Although the ideological foundations of both movements remain the valorization of black lives in all areas of daily life in the United States, the Black Lives Matter Movement (2013) and the Civil Rights Movements of the 1960s did not embrace the same strategies of struggle and the same leadership. From the centralization of leadership of the sixties, the decentralization of leadership in the Black Lives Matter Movement has been more efficient and practical. The use of new information and communication technologies by the Black Lives Matter Movement has significantly contributed to the visibility and massification of the movement in the United States and around the world. https://ijels.com/detail/black-lives-matter-2013-and-the-civil-rights-movement-1960s-in-the-united-states-of-america-a-same-story-with-a-different-name-and-strategies/ Diome Faye https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-102202321-Black.pdf The paper analysed the novel Koogai (2015), written by Cho. Dharman. The paper looked at the alternative discourses in the text. The paper owed theoretical framework from Nancy Fraser’s idea of counterpublic. The paper dives deeper into the text to underline the relevance of language, motifs, myths and legends to create a counter narrative against the established narrative. I have attempted to provide an insight regarding how Dalit writers interrogate the casteist public sphere to posit writing as the means of registering protest and asserting their voices. https://ijels.com/detail/writing-as-resistance/ Meenakshi Yadav https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-101202371-Writing.pdf Mahesh Dattani, a Sahitya Akademi Award-winning dramatist and a prominent voice among modern Indian dramatists, has been utilising his theatrical talent as a weapon to inflict fatal blows on the traditional conservative notions of Indian culture. In his plays he endeavours to dissect the prejudices and hypocrisies of so called ‘civilized society’ towards the weak and vulnerable. This paper will attempt to study how the characters with sexual deviation in Mahesh Dattani's acclaimed play On a Muggy Night in Mumbai negotiate with several social and cultural imperatives. Dejected by his boyfriend Sharad, Kamlesh is unable to cope with the circumstance, so he invited his gay friends to his apartment to get rid of his struggles against the mental anxiety and trauma of being gay. Attempts will be made to explore the private conversation between the characters as a symbolic reflection of the deep-rooted body politics and how far Surveillance and stringent homophobic gaze, implemented through numerous restricting mechanisms, endanger the existence of people who do not fit into the normative system. https://ijels.com/detail/locating-sexual-dissidence-and-body-politics-in-mahesh-dattani-s-on-a-muggy-night-in-mumbai/ Purusattam Rajak https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-10220237-Locating.pdf In Dostoevsky's masterpiece Crime and Punishment, the character of Raskolnikov stands out as one of the most complex and enigmatic figures in all of literature. A brooding, intelligent, and deeply troubled young man, Raskolnikov embodies a range of contradictory impulses and emotions that make him both fascinating and disturbing. At the heart of Raskolnikov's character is his belief in his own superiority. He sees himself as a man of great intelligence and talent, one who is destined to make his mark on the world. This sense of superiority leads him to believe in his own right to commit murder, and it is this belief that ultimately drives the plot of the novel. Yet at the same time, Raskolnikov is also haunted by a sense of guilt and self-doubt. He cannot fully justify his actions to himself and is plagued by the fear of being caught and punished for his crime. This internal conflict leads him to a state of near-madness, and he becomes increasingly erratic and unpredictable as the novel progresses. This paper attempts to make a psychological study of the character of Raskolnikov by focusing on the element of dualism, mental anguish, alienation or monomania, morality, crime, suffering, and redemption. https://ijels.com/detail/the-fragmented-self-an-analysis-of-raskolnikov-s-dualistic-nature-in-crime-and-punishment/ Mir Mahammad Ali https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-102202327-TheFragmented.pdf The notion of the mechanism of power is analyzed in Suzanne Collin’s trilogy The Hunger Games in this paper. The author takes an analytical approach to how power is exercised, a measure that contributes in the establishment of a theory of power relations that impact people's lives, mindset, politics, and even the economy. According to Collins, power is the core, if not the elixir of life, on which the authoritarian regime led by President Snow's existence is premised. The paper goes on to explain why it is important to retain power in place in order to keep the government in power. The novel's power mechanism works on a lot of different levels. Divide and rule is the first and most significant dividing tactic, aimed at eliminating any possible unity among people who may use that unity to revolt against the totalitarian regime. https://ijels.com/detail/the-concept-of-the-mechanism-of-power-in-suzanne-collin-s-trilogy-the-hunger-games/ Ainaab Tariq, Dr. Asmi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-102202341-TheConcept.pdf Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, one of Mark Twain’s “Mississippi Trilogy”, can be acclaimed as an ecological novel as far as its rich ecological thoughts and insightful reflection on ecological crises are concerned. Based on Lu Shu-yuan’s “Ecological Trichotomy”, this essay is about to excavate ecological ideas manifested in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn from three dimensions of Lu’s trichotomic ecology, namely natural ecology, social ecology, and spiritual ecology, and examine the internal connections between Huckleberry Finn’s rebellion against society and ecological thoughts contained in this novel. https://ijels.com/detail/crises-alongside-the-river-an-ecological-interpretation-of-huck-s-rebellion-in-adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/ Pan Shuhao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-102202330-Crises.pdf T.S Eliot’s masterpiece poem, The Waste Land, and Samuel Beckett’s absurdist play, Endgame were both written in the shadow of great disasters. The Waste Land has tones of desolation and despair and humanity is shown at the brink of extinction. Beckett is known for his association with the Theatre of the Absurd where suffering and the meaninglessness of life were stressed on. Endgame presents the disillusionment of man in a decayed and meaningless modern world. Written after World War I, Eliot shows a bleak world in the wasteland of Europe. Beckett published Endgame fifty-five years after The Waste Land and had the dubious benefit of having witnessed the second World War. Living under post-atomic threat, Beckett’s vision appears conspicuously darker than Eliot’s. The purpose of this paper is to explore despair and dejection in both the works; the isolation of modern man; the meaninglessness of relationships; and the spiritual barrenness in a post-war world. At the same time, the study attempts to look for glimpses of hope and redemption in the barren lands. Through the utter despair that makes up both works, they paradoxically promote an acceptance of our fate and teach us to value life in all its imperfections. https://ijels.com/detail/outside-of-here-it-s-death-or-hope-exploring-despair-and-hope-in-t-s-eliot-s-the-waste-land-and-samuel-beckett-s-endgame/ Tanisha Shastri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-101202361-Outside.pdf Mahasweta Devi has explored the unexplored world of subjugated Adivasis. She was a legend in the regional Adivasis literature, explaining the causes of tribal displacement, resistance and marginality. In a true sense, she had taken the responsibility to give the voices to the marginalized Adivasis who were suppressed for centuries by the imperialist mentalities. Devi’s translated novels Chotti Munda and His Arrow and Arenyer Adhikar were path-breaking novels in the Indian English Novel Writing. For the first time Birsa Munda, the legendary martyr and icon of whole Adivasis in India was known through her magnificent novel to all. The present research paper peeps into mainstream literary writing and representation of the realism of the Adivasis struggle and survival issues including the demeaning of tribal life. The research paper tries to examine the issues of displacement, acculturation and disparity of Adivasi life came out from the writings of Mahashweta Devi and regrets that hundreds of Adivasi revolts took place in colonial India but hardly those revolts could not become the subjects of literary, social and political discourses in India. https://ijels.com/detail/mahashweta-devi-the-mouthpiece-of-indigenous-crave-for-identity-and-existence/ Dr. Manoj Shankarrao Madavi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-101202352-Mahashweta.pdf The National Service Scheme, also known as NSS, is a social development activity with the motto "NOT ME, BUT YOU." The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, conducts the National Service Scheme (NSS), an extension service programme. The program extends from the senior secondary school stage to the postgraduate level across all Indian universities. The program's two main components are youth and community. The youth are the future citizens and administrators of India. Participating in NSS, the candidates perceive social change, transformations, and social development issues. The youth are the most vibrant generation, with energy, courage, and the ability to change society. The study examines the main objective of the NSS program for the overall development of student youth through their participation in social and nation-building activities, as well as education. This study examines the importance of NSS in keeping students motivated to attend higher educational institutions. NSS plays a catalytic role in motivating students to take initiative in resolving different problems, social barriers, harassment, and violence, transforming all the negative activities into positive ones, and creating a peaceful atmosphere on campuses as well as in neighbouring areas. https://ijels.com/detail/nation-building-through-the-volunteerism-and-community-services-of-national-service-scheme-nss-an-extension-dimension-of-higher-education/ Lipika Mandal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-107202235-Nation.pdf Ted Hughes weaves a tapestry of verses that transcend the ordinary and delve into the mystical agency of sacred rituals embedded in the natural world. This study explores deep relationship of sacred rituals and the natural world in River (1983). Sacred rituals function in Hughes’ poems through a fusion of mythic elements, animistic perspectives, and ecological sensitivity. The river, a recurring motif, serves as a metaphorical stage for rituals to unfold in different poems. As expressions of reverence for the natural world, they are transformed landscape into sanctuaries of spiritual significance. Through an analysis of select poems, this study reveals dual character of river as both witness and participant in these sacred ceremonies. Interconnectedness of humankind and natural world is the ultimate consequence. An attempt is made to highlight the transformative power of these rituals and how readers are led to contemplate the spiritual dimensions of environment. This paper further details Hughes’ poetry as a compelling testament to the enduring significance of sacred traditions. In shaping human connection to the natural world, this study underscores his unique contribution to ecological and spiritual poetry. https://ijels.com/detail/agency-of-sacred-rituals-in-natural-world-a-study-of-ted-hughes-river-poems/ Jaibir Dhariwal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-112202264-Agency.pdf The global phenomenon of climate change presents a significant challenge, with ramifications extending beyond ecological and economic domains to encompass cultural narratives and artistic expression. This paper examines the role of world literature in addressing climate change, focusing on the representation of environmental concerns in diverse literary works across cultures and historical periods. Through an analysis of eco-literature, climate fiction, and indigenous storytelling, this study demonstrates the capacity of literature to shape public perception and cultivate ecological consciousness. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-climate-change-through-world-literature/ Ratul Nandi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-10320259-Exploring.pdf Gamification in language learning has become a trend to enhance the learner's engagement and motivation. The research paper explores the effect of gamified online learning on the motivation and the performance of EFL learners in writing. Incorporating the game features in writing activities, in the form of points, badges, leaderboards, and instant feedback, helps to empower the learners to engage in the process, take risks, and improve their writing capabilities. The study design was a mixed-methods research study where 60 EFL learners in the intermediate level were divided into experimental and control groups. The writing performance was measured quantitatively, and the qualitative data were considered to examine the motivation, engagement, and perception of gamified learning among the learners. The results refer to the fact that gamified platforms can greatly improve writing performance, promote intrinsic motivation, and encourage regular engagement. The paper provides didactic remarks on how to apply gamification in the teaching of EFL writing to facilitate learning more by making the process engaging. https://ijels.com/detail/the-impact-of-gamified-digital-platforms-on-efl-learners-writing-motivation-and-performance/ Dr. Lina Fathi Sidig https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-103202587-TheImpact.pdf This paper discusses how the representation of a non-gendered narrator makes it possible for the literary work to question heterosexual and patriarchal normativity in society. The blurring of gender binaries and sexual conformity in Jeanette Winterson’s Written on the Body will be used to explore how the text engages with the unconventional perceptions of gender to comment on the nature of the self. Within the framework of queer theory, Judith Butler’s notions of performativity, drag performance and parody, will be a useful tool to investigate the reworking of identity, that results from this This work will also take a look at how Winterson plays with stereotypical male and female identifications, appearance and behaviour in order to reconstruct gender, and also the ways in which heterosexual discourse is questioned in the novel. https://ijels.com/detail/towards-a-non-gendered-identity-performing-gender-and-sexuality-in-written-on-the-body/ Ashley Philip https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-101202315-Towards.pdf