https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usJune 8 Emojis are rapidly becoming an integral part of our written language (or the ‘typed’ language) if they haven’t done so yet. Memes and GIFs are not far behind since their inclusion into the keypad of our smartphones. The present paper employs a linguistic approach to discuss the widespread use of memes and emojis in everyday text communication. In this paper, I have argued that despite many differences in application, comics, memes, and emojis all have a distinct similarity of being ‘visual’ in nature.I have shown with examples that instead of competing to replace each other, these verbal elements (words) and visual (images) elements complement the text together. The textual and pictorial elements of such textual-visual language make writing an even more efficient process of thought representation and a wholesome means for communication. https://ijels.com/detail/visual-language-of-communication-comics-memes-and-emojis/ Avinash Chaudhary https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-104202237-VisualLanguage.pdf In this study, Mirza Habibollah Shirazi’s (Ghaani) Distress was compared with Ralph Waldo Emerson’s two philosophical essays “Nature” and “Self-Reliance” in light of philosophical and moral views. The study aimed at comparison of these two contemporaneous poets and writers to trace the similarity, differences and source of their teachings, because the rearcher assumed the two thinkers have many ideas in common. To perform the study, the main ideas in the selected works of the two poets were analyzed in length and then their works were compared and contrasted. Results of the analysis indicated that In Emerson’s “Nature,” God is present in nature and man is not separable from metaphysical order. “Self-Reliance” emphasized non-conformity and dependence of the individual self. Ghanni’s Distress was described as a window to Eastern metaphysics that specified didactic implications. Emerson uses a general idea of philosophy of nature’s utility and then focuses on deductive reasoning. In addition, Emerson philosophy of transcendental and metaphysical philosophy represents perception of nature and self in an independent philosophy and strengthened diverse education of Eastern philosophy and poetry. Ghaani is merely advocator of Sa’di’s style and educational teachings. https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparative-and-contrastive-analysis-of-the-emerson-philosophical-essays-and-ghaani-s-distress/ Faramarz Elyasi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-104202238-AComparative.pdf Ecocriticism can be defined as a pro-environmental perspective that critically examines the production of nature and the politics that underpin its development. It promotes the idea that how nature is treated and nurtured and how she is becoming a part of current environmental discourses will be mirrored in cultural objects. The schoolteacher Lacunle's aversive attitude about paying the cash meant for the possession of the bride in Soyinka's The Lion, and the Jewel is a reflection of how 'nature' is conceptually assimilated within Western thought; in this context, Sidi, the local girl, is the bride whom Lacunle woos. Sidi can also be seen in contrast to the natural world. Imperialist forces always saw the locals as a part of nature — uneducated and unrefined primal savages who were supposed to be civilized by European norms. Sidi, who was always ready to take pride in her originality, found the same act of shouldering the 'European load' undertaken by Lacunle and his persuasions to conform to the behavioural norms of modernity to be a dreadful thing. In short, the Ecocritical perspective on the play is realized in this article at the levels of Ecofeminism, Deep Ecology, and Eco Spiritualism. https://ijels.com/detail/an-ecocritical-reading-of-wole-soyinka-s-the-lion-and-the-jewel/ Archana Krishnakumar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-104202249-AnEcocritical.pdf The Mirror Stage (1949) and The Formation of the Unconscious (1957) by Jacques Lacan are important concepts in the field of Psychoanalysis. This paper understands the arguments put forth in the concepts and concludes their importance in literary criticism. They also help determine the factors that influence Lacan’s theories. Through this paper, we understand the argument of The Mirror Stage, its role in literary criticism and analyze The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) in context to The Mirror Stage. Later we look at the Formation of the Unconscious, its structure similar to that of the language, and the role of signifiers in the human psyche. https://ijels.com/detail/understanding-actions-and-motives-the-ideal-i-and-signifiers-in-lacanian-psychoanalysis/ Poorva Karamchandani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-104202243-Understanding.pdf Child abuse is rampant in any society, regardless of its socio-economic or religious background. The purpose of this paper is to summarize how Mahesh Dattani addresses indecent treatment of children and incest abuse in some of his plays - a trauma that victims are often unable to open up to and are forced to cope with throughout their lives. It also presents the mental and physical ordeals faced by several of the characters due to their bitter childhood experiences: how Mala and her mother Shanta never recovers from their painful encounters with incest abuse (“Thirty Days in September”), taunts that disabled children get habituated to (“Tara”) and the way Jiten and Nitin’s abusive father will shape their character for the worse in future (“Bravely Fought the Queen”). Findings from this present study will demonstrate that different human beings react to childhood trauma differently, regardless of whether they disclose their past traumatic incidents to others or not. https://ijels.com/detail/indelible-memory-clots-child-abuse-in-select-plays-of-mahesh-dattani/ Debartha Roy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-104202242-Indelible.pdf The Covid-19 pandemic has shifted all face-to-face learning in Indonesia to online learning. The shift has also happened in learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA). Online learning of BIPA, as a second language, made many teachers choose to use video conferencing. This study aimed to describe and explain the use of video conferencing, as well as the obstacles and solutions to BIPA learning at the Alam Bahasa Institute Yogyakarta during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study was qualitative research that employed a case study method at the Alam Bahasa Institute Yogyakarta. The research data were collected using documentation, interview, and observation. The data were validated using the method and source triangulation. The data were then presented using an interactive method. The results of this study revealed that students and teachers at Alam Bahasa Institute Yogyakarta used video conferencing software in conducting BIPA learning, there was an increased number of students using video conferencing, there was an expansion of the video conferencing software being used, and there were particular features of video conferencing software needed in the online learning of Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA). Meanwhile, the obstacles experienced by the students and teachers at Alam Bahasa Institute Yogyakarta were poor internet connection, power outages, and boredom. The offered solutions were to ensure the stability of the internet connection, reschedule classes affected by power outages, and provide rest time amid learning hours. https://ijels.com/detail/teaching-indonesian-language-for-foreign-speakers-through-video-conferencing-during-pandemic-a-case-study/ Ida Fitriyah, Andayani, Suyitno https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-104202250-Teaching.pdf This study discusses the Value of Islamic Theology In Tunjuk Ajar Melayu By Tenas Effendy. In this study that any study of the value of theology consists of some form of value theologians, namely: the value of the theology of the social, the value of liberation theology and the value of theology neotradisional. The purpose of this study is to uto find out the value of the theology contained in the book Tunjuk Ajar Melayu by Tenas Effendy. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. This research uses a sociological approach to literature. The Data collected by read, record, and analyze the documents contained book Tunjuk Ajar Melayu by Tenas Effendy. The results of this study indicate that in the study of theological values, there are contemporary past theological values, namely the values of social theology, liberation theology, and neotraditionalism. https://ijels.com/detail/the-value-of-islamic-theology-in-tunjuk-ajar-melayu-by-tenas-effendy/ Septrian Pernando, Andayani, Suyitno https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-104202216-TheValue.pdf This study set out to describe the phonological processes of Shambaa and establish phonological rules governing the phonological processes of Shambaa. The study was done at Mlalo, Ubiri and Vuga villages found in Lushoto District Tanga Region-Tanzania. The target population of the study were adult native speakers of Shambaa. The study used a purposive sampling procedure to select 10 participants from whom data was collected through interviews, documentary review and observation. The data were presented and analyzed using phonetics and phonological rules. The findings of the study reveal that phonological processes which occur in Shambaa are glide formation, vowel lengthening, high vowel deletion, glide insertion, vowel nasalization, consonants deletion, epenthesis, voicing, homorganic nasal assimilation, aspiration and substitution. Finally, the study recommends, that other researchers conduct more research on the Shambaa language and come up with more theories and results. https://ijels.com/detail/phonological-processes-of-shambaa/ Anuarite Samwel Mndeme, Nestory Nyamwala Ligembe https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-105202220-Phonological.pdf Indian English Poetry is rich in Indian themes and symbols. Although the poets have drawn poetic elements from the Indian soil, theme of spirituality is still left untouched by the IWE. Mahanand Sharma’s poetry is the poetry of spiritual taste. As a poet of Modern Indian English sensibility, he has captured the diverse themes of Indian spirituality and mythology. His collection titled A Rudraksha Rosary and Other Poems is an interesting story of Lord Shiva written in Miltonic blank verse. However, the poet has employed the eighteenth-century diction, he has remained novel in his tackling of themes and myths of Lord Shiva. In a comprehensive manner, he uncovers the valour and exploits of Lord Shiva and provides the spiritual light to the people groping in dark of materialism. This paper is a modest attempt to unravel the spiritual strains in the poetry of Mahanand Sharma. https://ijels.com/detail/the-spirituala-poems-of-mahanand-sharma/ Shaleen Kumar Singh, Alka Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-105202217-TheSpirituala.pdf This paper highlights different ways of agriculture farming emphasizing food security in order to improve the livelihood of rural people in Nepal as a fundamental aspect of rural development. Italso reviews briefly the methods of farming going on in Nepal and also provides different types of impacts it has. It’s been found that a more dependent population is just engaged the agriculture for their households’ needs only and they are required to be motivated to engage in intensive agriculture. As all the regions of Nepal are having their own scheme of production, not much attention is given to food security. Food security programs incorporating local skills and agriculture inputs for higher productivity are important in order to improve the livelihood of rural people. The growing urgency of organic products can minimize the gaps between rural and urban areas from health, economic and socio-cultural perspectives. https://ijels.com/detail/food-security-for-improving-the-livelihood-of-rural-people/ Nar Kumar Chuwan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-105202224-FoodSecurity.pdf Posthuman” does not mean after human or beyond human. It is only a reconfiguration of what it means to be human in the rapidly changing technological scenario. Though the Enlightenment concept of the human as autonomous, as a rational creature who by the use of the faculty of reason, can give any shape to the self as s/he wishes, has been discredited by Darwin’s theory of evolution, Marx’s dialectical materialism, and Freud’s psychoanalysis, yet the biological and the technological world had not infringed upon the human, thereby reducing all claims of autonomy to sarcasm, as they do in the present era. The posthuman denotes, Cary Wolfe says, “the embodiment and embeddedness of the human being is not just its biological but also its technological world (Qtd Seldon etal 284). N. Katherine Haylesin How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodie in Cybernetics, Literature and Informatics (1999) contends that normal human beings become post-human by using prosthetic body parts adopting computer technologies. Donna Haraway has indeed conceived of the humans as cyborgs who are part human and part machine, the machine being a prosthetic extension of the human. In this age of Information Technology and social media, a natural corollary of the posthuman condition is Digital Humanities: This essay explores how the post human condition and digital humanities impact the interactive composition and interpretation of the literary text. https://ijels.com/detail/the-future-of-the-literary-text-in-the-posthuman-condition/ Dr. Samita Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-105202222-TheFuture.pdf “Literature is a matter of intentionality; the mode of appropriation by our consciousness. A text has only literary potential, which must be activated by the reader for literature to happen” (Barthes). In his essay, From Work to Text, Barthes argues that the relation between the writer, reader and observer is changed by movement from work to text. A work assumes the quality of text on performing the event of reading. Extra conceptual resources of language is the primary feature on the basis of which a literary work can be identified. Literature works on the basic principle of extra conceptuality. It is the system by which a word can get multiple interpretations, in contrast to the concept of conceptuality, whereby a specific word is attributed to an abstract concept by means of shared convention. https://ijels.com/detail/literature-on-literary-mode-tracing-generic-markers-in-oedipus-rex-othello-and-duchess-of-malfi/ Gopika Nair U.I https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-105202219-Literatureon.pdf It is a widely accepted fact that women around the world have been subjugated, dominated and denied their rights in one way or another. But Muslim women in particular have been walking on a double-edged sword of Modernism and Islam. Some Islamic scholars have come to terms to a new branch of feminism: Islamic feminism. Many activists have worked for the rights of women within the frame work of Islam. One such voice is that of Nobel peace laureate Malala Yousafzai. https://ijels.com/detail/misinterpretation-and-misrepresentation-of-women-s-rights-in-islam-an-islamic-feminist-study-of-malala-s-i-am-malala/ Seharish https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-105202226-Misinterpretation.pdf The article proposes to provide an insight into Pandemic Literature revealing the impact of pandemic on society as well as the remarkable human resilience. Human history has witnessed a number of pandemics like cholera, plague, and the current covid-19. The word ‘pandemic’ is derived from the Greek words ‘pan’ and ‘demos’. Pan means all and demos means people or crowd. Pandemic is an infectious disease widespread over a large part of the world. Resilience is the human ability to recover quickly from adverse circumstances. Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a classic piece of pandemic literature. The author says that lovesickness is a literal illness. The story takes place in the backdrop of a cholera outbreak. The marked effect of cholera on people’s life and the remarkable human resilience are highlighted in the article. The protagonist’s outburst in the end of the novel shows the surge of resilience. The analysis of The Plague by Albert Camus, the noted French writer throws light on helpless human beings unable to change their destinies. The writer’s absurdist point of view is revealed. The novel begins with the onslaught of plague in the Algerian city of Oran. Besides the sufferings of people, the change of human attitudes and the trait of resilience are also depicted by the author. https://ijels.com/detail/pandemic-and-resilience-an-analysis-of-love-in-the-time-of-cholera-and-the-plague/ Saranya R, Dr. Evangeline Priscilla B https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-102202224-Pandemic.pdf The ideas of civilized versus uncivilized or west versus non-west, created with the aid of using the European Enlightenment, had been recognized, elevated and remodeled with the enlargement of European colonialism. Stereotypes of outsiders had been generated with the aid of using the colonial establishments of European nations and a few traits inclusive of laziness, aggression, violence, greed, sexual promiscuity, bestiality, primitivism, innocence and irrationality had been thrown at those businesses termed as ‘others.’ Postcolonialism, with the aid of using the tough colonial manner of wondering and writing literary works, attempts to head past the binaries of the colonizer or the colonized. It tries to reconstruct, reshape and redefine the colonized ‘self.’ Some of the postcolonial theorists bear in mind the colonized because of the colonial differences. Tabish Khair, one of the most important new writers in the Indian subcontinent, specializes in the topics associated with otherness, identification and discontent in colonized cultures. This paper, with the assistance of postcolonial and mental research of the colonized immigrants and their discontent, tries to investigate the ideas of oriental phobia in Tabish Khair’s novel, The Thing About Thugs (2010). It additionally attempts to discover the theoretical and narrative reflections of postcolonialism inside the novel. https://ijels.com/detail/tabish-khair-s-the-thing-about-thugs-approaching-a-postcolonial-study-from-the-perspective-of-oriental-phobia/ Dr. Farhin Jahan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-105202211-Tabish.pdf As an important social media, WeChat Public Account of universities plays a prominent role in many aspects, including campus information service and culture transmission. However, some problems have appeared in the service of universities’ public accounts. In order to better the service status of WeChat Public Account and improve the user’s satisfaction, this research takes WeChat Public Account of “Weiyuan Waiyuan” of the School of Foreign Languages in Chuzhou University as an example to analyze the status quo of its service through questionnaire, interview and literature analytical method. The corresponding solutions are proposed to solve the existing problems. The survey results show that “Weiyuan Waiyuan” plays a certain role while having three problems: (1) Unimproved content; (2) Low user interaction; (3) Being unitary. In view of the above problems, the author puts forward targeted suggestions: (1) Perfecting the content; (2) Improving quality of service; (3) Adopting proper editing skills. The findings of this study will help the WeChat Public Account of “Weiyuan Waiyuan” to serve students and teachers better. https://ijels.com/detail/a-research-on-the-service-status-and-countermeasures-of-wechat-public-account-of-weiyuan-waiyuan/ Qian Yang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-105202229-AResearchon.pdf The study focused on identifying the morphological properties found in Kisukuma nouns which make nouns different from other Bantu languages. The study was guided by distributed morphology theory developed by Halle and Marantz (1993). The study was purely qualitative approach whereby data were collected through questionnaires, documentation review as well as focused group discussion. Ten respondents who were the native speakers of the Kimunantunzu dialect of Kisukuma age of forty-one to eighty were chosen. The study found that the interrelation between morphology and syntax in Kisukuma nouns can be analyzed without ignoring the morpho-syntactic properties. Moreover, it was found that the agreement properties are triggered by the nouns. That is to say, nouns determine what other elements could co-occur with them and bring a meaningful sentence or phrase. Also affixes are very important in forming nouns in Kisukuma just like in other Bantu languages. The researcher recommends that more interrelation studies to be investigated on the other levels of linguistics as well as distinction among the dialects of Kisukuma. https://ijels.com/detail/morpho-syntactic-properties-of-kisukuma-nouns/ Glory Goleha Kitwili, Nestory Nyamwala Ligembe, Moses Kariuki Kiura https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-10620228-Morpho.pdf In this paper , the psychology behind the character Alice a seven year old girl who is living in Victorian Era is discussed. This paper will help to understand the mind set of this character in a deeper level. The things she went through lead to her imagination process and her way of dealing with things. It could be that the interaction she had with the other characters throughout her journey in this novel made her develop new tendencies as well but also shaped her old personality along with addition of new aspects within it. https://ijels.com/detail/psychology-of-a-girl-child-in-through-the-looking-glass-by-lewis-carroll/ Riya Joshi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-105202227-Psychology.pdf The paper is an attempt to contemplate the youth’s emotional, mental, romantic, and sexual orientation and its psychological influence on the members of the family. In novel, there is a discussion about sexual orientation, preferences for the minority individuals are somewhat or merely focused on the same sex. Writers like Christopher Isherwood, Evelyn Waugh, James Baldwin, Mary Renault have provided us with illuminating experience in their prose style on issues related to LGPTQ. The paper has accentuated the repertoire of qualitative literary review analysis, including qualitative data on the experience of parents of TGNC children. The paper delves with the dilemma of identification of one’s own sex and sense of self worth. The study focuses on the implications for transgender, gay, bisexual and lesbian youth and their family members’ psychological health and well being. Parental rejection and acceptance is the main concern. The importance of parents in the lives of youth is unassailable beginning with the birth of the child and affecting all relationships. Family Communication is an indispensable component when we talk about accepting and disclosing our hidden existence and feelings in front of our family member, whether parents or siblings. The main objective of the paper is to conceptualise the reactions of parents to the disclosure of their child’s identity, when one has been in disguise, ranging from acceptance to rejection: What are the consequences? How are they going to react? How are they going to manage stress level? How are they going to balance and maintain equality between the child and other children? Will they be able to appreciate their child’s heroism and endurance for revealing his/her true identity? https://ijels.com/detail/psychological-impact-on-family-of-transgender-and-non-conforming-tgnc-children-in-alex-gino-s-george-novel/ Navleen Kour https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-105202230-Psychological.pdf Urbanization, industrialization and transformation of livelihoods of peri-urban communities are issues of concern for many urban areas in the country. The process of adjusting administrative boundaries has turned the peri-urban rural areas into inner cities due to the requirements of the expansion of urban space. Villages change towards industrialization, urbanization, and modernization. Followed by cultural change, many new factors appear intermingled or superimposed on the traditional culture layer. In that drastic change trend, Dong Son villages are no exception to the rule. The process of transforming the livelihood model of people living in peri-urban areas in general and Thanh Hoa urban areas, in particular, is taking place strongly. How this transformation is associated with sustainable livelihoods has not only received special attention from experts and scientists but also received the attention of managers and policymakers. https://ijels.com/detail/transforming-living-models-of-the-people-in-the-urban-process/ Dao Thanh Thuy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20Dao Thanh Thuy.pdf The city is a spatial phenomenon that conditions the production of African city literature and reveals African urban life, experience, relations and problems in the aftermath of colonialism. Sociopolitical, economic and cultural issues have been of more interest to extrinsic critics of African city fiction than exploring the aesthetics that make city a universal subject in African literature. Studies on The Carnivorous City are qualitative towards the novelist’s penchant for city-life, acculturation, human struggle, greed, love, corruption and other post-independent issues in Africa, yet, Kan’s city fiction, like every literary text, has its form. This study, therefore, attempts to fill this gap by interrogating city as form in The Carnivorous City.The study examines the novel as an autonomous work of art and it adopts New Criticism, with a particular reference to “closing reading” and “reconciliation of the opposites” as analytic principles.The study describes the city as the subject of African city literature and portrays its pornographic and cannibalistic tendencies. It also reveals The Carnivorous City is rich towards the use of formal elements in the conceptualization of Lagos City in text, and indicates further that the novel is a city fiction rich in language, animal imagery and sensual dictions that portray Lagos as the universal subject in text.The study recommends a close reading of African city fictions as this approach enriches the artfulness of the sub-genre and sharpens the meaning of the urban literary texts beyond what extrinsic reading offers. https://ijels.com/detail/cannibalistic-and-pornographic-images-of-lagos-city-in-toni-kan-s-the-carnivorous-city/ Ezekiel Gbenga Olufayo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-104202223-Cannibalistic.pdf The project is entitled Oppression of women in Nadia Murad’s memoir The Last Girl. The work is published in November 2017. In the book, she describes how she was captured and enslaved by Islamic state militants during the Second Iraqi civil war. The project tries to analyze the oppression of Iraqi women, especially Yazidi women in the backdrop of terrorism with feminist theory. The analysis is undertaken in three chapters. The first session is a brief introduction into the work, the author and the situation of Yazidi women portrayed in the work. The second session gives an overview of feminism and to give the indicators of women’s oppression, discrimination and sexual objectification in the work to prove that oppression of women still persists. And the third session is the conclusion. https://ijels.com/detail/oppression-of-women-in-nadia-murad-s-memoir-the-last-girl/ Sruthy Prakash https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-10620221-Oppressionof.pdf People with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups in society, especially women with disabilities. The problem of employment of women with disabilities is even more difficult and daunting. Based on a practical survey in Thieu Duy commune, Thieu Hoa district, Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam, the author has found out the factors affecting social work activities in the implementation of employment support policies. for disabled women of working age in Thieu Duy commune. From there, make recommendations to support employment for women with disabilities to help them gain more confidence and life, and improve problems in society. https://ijels.com/detail/factors-affecting-social-work-activities-in-implementation-of-working-assistance-policy-for-women-with-disabilities-of-working-age-case-in-vietnam/ Nguyen Thi Thu Hang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23Nguyen Thi Thu Hang.pdf John Galsworthy is a British writer focused on composition with reformist enthusiasm. His plays are known as 'Tragi-Comedy' examining his contemporary social issues and expecting potential arrangements from his crowd. His social cognizance and fighting demeanour towards the wrongs winning in his time has made him a craftsman with significant mankind and his basic disposition towards bigotry, obliviousness, deception, oppression, strange notion, and the remainder of the social variations in his plays affirm his stand as an ethical craftsman with humanistic worries.Hence, this paper endeavours to follow the humanistic worries in Galsworthy's emotional works. His assault is coordinated on the visual deficiency of the legal framework, racial bias and prideful bias, hallucination and various indecencies that plague the indispensable of our life. His objective viewpoint and unprejudiced treatment of the issue provide us with the undistorted standpoint of the basic shortcoming imbued in the general set of laws. The plays TheSilver Box, Strife, The Skin Game and Justice are analysed based on humanism to bring Galsworthy’s concern towards humanism. This paper centres around his humanistic conviction that man is intrinsically great yet the social foundations have frequently exploited man and prevented his endurance and progress. https://ijels.com/detail/liberal-humanism-in-galsworthy-s-plays-the-silver-box-strife-the-skin-game-and-justice/ Dr. A. Arun Daves https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-106202210-Liberal.pdf Impoliteness is an action or a linguistic expression contrary to politeness. It is a general impression that all the societies have devised certain norms of politeness to keep the conflict in conversation at bay and thereby keep the interactants in a good humour. Nevertheless, interactants sometimes either fail to observe politeness in interaction or intend to violate the said norms of politeness which results in impoliteness. The present paper makes an attempt to understand impoliteness from a linguist’s perspective and draw a line between politeness and impoliteness. It uses impoliteness framework proposed by Culpeper (1996) to understand the implications of impoliteness on interpersonal relation through the analysis of select exchanges taken from the film, The Dirty Picture. The analysis reveals that the interactants are sensitive to impoliteness and the frequent use of impoliteness strategies (accidental or deliberate) in interpersonal discourse causes conflict in relations. It is often used as a tool or strategy to exercise power, dominance, superiority or threat over the hearer, subject to the speaker’s intention, position, gender, goal and context, which play a vital role in the choice of impoliteness strategies, perception of meaning in day-to-day exchanges and in causing disharmony in relation between the parties at the negotiations of useful business. https://ijels.com/detail/implications-of-impoliteness-strategies-on-interpersonal-relations-an-analysis-of-the-dirty-picture/ Dr. Jitendra Kumar Yadav https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-105202233-Implications.pdf This paper explores Daniel Deronda, which is a political novel where Eliot openly takes a stand for the Jewish cause and provides her solution to the Jewish Question. Eliot attempts to reveal through her book that Judaism which seems to have lost its fervour (due to Jewish conversions and expulsions), is not lost and remains at the very core of Jewish hearts and values. Through various instances in the novel, Eliot supports Jewish nationalism and their struggle for identity and rebukes British racial dominance and the literary antisemitic tradition. https://ijels.com/detail/philo-semitic-representation-of-jewish-nationalism-and-identity-in-eliot-s-daniel-deronda/ Tanya Singh, Dr Anil Sehrawat https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-106202215-Philo-Semitic.pdf This search seeks to know university youth's use of social networking sites to obtain information about Iraqi political issues, A case study of a sample of Iraqia university students, College of Media to reveal the nature University youth's use of social media, determine to what extent provide them with these sites with the necessary information about political issues Iraq, in a period that witnessed many political and security developments and the emergence of massive demonstrations calling for a comprehensive reform of all joints of the state and regained the homeland from the hands of the corrupt and corrupt who owe loyalty and innocence to foreign countries that plunder Iraq’s wealth and implement its suspicious agenda on its lands, as well as the beginning of a major global health crisis COVID19 in Iraq had a large share of its repercussions. The researcher used the survey method, and the research methodology necessitated the use of the questionnaire tool to achieve its objectives, and the research stems from a main problem represented by What nature the use of social networking sites by university youth to obtain information on Iraqi political issues?). The research aims to achieve a set of goals, including: 1- Determine the most used social networking sites. Building positions on Iraqi political issues by university youth. The research led to a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: 1– Most of the respondents use social networking sites and spend a number of hours and at varying rates in order to obtain information related to political issues related to the Iraqi issue, and this follow-up is mostly in the evening, and this is a clear indication that university students after their work ends and take a rest and then They complete their homework, follow up on social media in the evening, as it is like their leisure and rest time. They dedicate part of it to following up on political issues. The researcher also suggested a set of proposals, the most important of which are: 1 - The necessity of educating university youth about the pros and cons of social networking sites through university lectures, seminars and the media. 2 - It is important to educate university youth about the value of time and invest it in what benefits them and achieve their ambitions, and what is allocated from it to use social networking sites should make them aware of developments and events that can help them achieve those ambitions. https://ijels.com/detail/university-youth-s-use-of-social-networking-sites-to-obtain-information-about-iraqi-political-issues-a-case-study-of-a-sample-of-al-iraqia-university-students-college-of-media/ Dr. Ahmed Hamid Hussein Al-Dulaimi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-106202235-University.pdf This article describes a study on the learning of spelling, in particular, the multiplicity of graphic representations of the phoneme /s/ by students in the 5th year of primary education. Spelling acquisition related to the phoneme /s/ is highly complex for those learning to write in Portuguese, as it involves different relationships—some of them irregular—between the phoneme and the graphemes that represent it (LEMLE, 1994; MORAIS, 2008). This study takes usage-based phonology as its theoretical foundation (BYBEE, 2001; PIERREHUMBERT, 2001). The theory posits that the experience of language use shapes the grammar and lexicon, and that frequency effects are important. To conduct the present study, the written data of students in the 5th year of primary education at a public school in the municipality of Bom Sucesso, MG, (Brazil) was collected. The results of this work indicate that writing acquisition is based on usage and experience. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-the-orthographic-conversion-of-the-phoneme-s/ Marciano Renato Ribeiro, Raquel Márcia Fontes Martins https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-10620227-AnAnalysis.pdf The novel The God of Small Things (1996) by Arundhati Roy has been defined by Salman Rushdie as a novel that has been written artistically well. It is a very ambitious novel and the style is quite personal. By using her ambition and personal style Roy challenges indigenous issues and hybridity effortlessly. Through these two subjects we are acquaint with the themes of identity, culture, human relationship, and politics. This paper argues that The God of Small Things exchanges, questions and experiments with identity through symbols that signify identity: language, politics, culture and human relationship. Roy is very observant in presenting her narrative; but she hides her judgment, and leaves us to make our own conclusions. The representation of the characters’ social class is examined using definition of social class and maintained by aspects of social class. The influence of the characters’ social class is studied using the consequences concept of social class. The main characters’ social class is represented through several points. https://ijels.com/detail/indigenous-identity-in-arundhati-roy-s-the-god-of-small-things/ Rabiya Ahmad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-10620223-Indigenous.pdf Assessment is very important as without assessment there will be no improvement, innovations, and inventions because assessment gives us the areas that need improvements for the betterment of the community. The use of the P3M3 tool was applied in the assessment of the maturity level of the different offices within a City in the Northern Philippines. The findings will help the officialdoms to recognize strengths, and advance the different areas that need improvements. https://ijels.com/detail/portfolio-programme-and-project-management-p3m3-an-assessment-to-maturity-level/ Laarnie O. Bartolome https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-106202224-Portfolio.pdf Racial trauma is associated with the detrimental psychological impact of race-based discrimination having symptoms like those of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). With accounts of systemic racism across the globe, it is quite pertinent to discuss the distressing impact of living within a society of structural racism. Racial trauma involves exposure and re-exposure to race-based stress, which can be of different forms, microaggression being one of them. Microaggression shows how instances at a micro-level like insults and slights against black people, can have a detrimental effect on the mental health of those who experience it. The Bluest Eye (1970), the debut novel of Nobel prize-winning author Toni Morrison, is a tragic story of Pecola Breedlove, an African- American girl, longing for the socially constructed idea of beauty. A study of her character will highlight the effects of internalised racism based on the tragic events of discrimination and marginalisation in Pecola’s life and her psychological response to it. This paper will focus on racial trauma and Chester E. Pierce’s concept of microaggression to foreground the psychological distress that Pecola is grappling with, in the narrative and how apart from acts of violence, offensive and derogatory statements against the people of colour damages their psyche. https://ijels.com/detail/racial-trauma-and-microaggression-in-toni-morrison-s-the-bluest-eye/ Dr. Deepshikha Routray, Jayasmita Kuanr https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-106202218-Racial.pdf This article tries to explore the theory of nationalism and its significance in dystopian fiction through the study of Suzanne Collins' The Hunger Games trilogy. It investigates how dystopian elements are linked to nationalism, as well as how frequently dystopian narratives blow warnings against nationalistic sentiment. In Collins' speculative narrative, the article examines the ambiguity of the belief that a liberalized economy, globalized media, and communication will lead to a perfect society in the future. Panem is a fine example of a dystopian nationalist country that deprives people of their rights and resources while being dominated by rulers that are only interested in money and power. The examination of The Hunger Games trilogy aims to highlight that national identity, as it is imposed on people, pushes the entire society into a dystopian reality. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-on-national-identity-in-dystopian-society-of-suzanne-collins-s-the-hunger-games-trilogy/ K. Monika, Dr. S. Meenakshi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-106202234-AStudy.pdf Kamala Markandaya is a world renowned author of English on the Indian landscape. Her works are famous for the true representation of the plight of Indian women who; caught into the web of patriarchy, are so utterly subdued and crushed that their voice of resistance go unheard and unnoticed. Extensive study of her works reveals the impression of her strong hold over the human mind as she has studied them quite closely and minutely. In fact she can easily penetrate into the hidden recesses of one’s thoughts and bring out the unthought-of and unpredicted-of. She is a prominent Indian English novelist who has strongly stood with women’s sexuality and her right to body in a most unconventional and subversive manner. She displays a highly developed consciousness of the gendered nature of morality and social structure. She is among the clutch of those few Indian female authors who have dared to portray the plight of Indian women suffering from prejudice in a dominantly patriarchal society and envisions a world based on equality and harmony between the two sexes. She examines the sufferings and problems of the women who feel entrapped within the bond of relationship, whether married or single; with keen sensibility and perception. Her novel ‘Possession’ deals with different shades of human psyche, especially the females. It‘s reading gives the experience of therapeutic journey wherein the mind of the characters unfold slowly as the curtain raises on the main character, Valmiki. He is the most significant and pivotal character of the novel around which the other characters revolve revealing a plethora of mixed desires and characters. The inter play of emotions is the beauty of the novel which carries the readers on a roller coaster ride. The present paper is an attempt to unravel the text ‘Possession’ by groping deep into its depths and analysing it through the vision of a psychoanalyst. https://ijels.com/detail/a-psychoanalytic-study-of-kamala-markandaya-s-females-in-possession/ Dr. Darkhasha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-106202221-APsychoanalytic.pdf Two texts have made significant contributions to Indian Aesthetics throughout the history of Indian literary criticism: Dhvanyāloka by Ānandavardhana and Locana, a commentary on the first text by Abhinavagupta. Both works have had a direct or indirect influence on all Indian Sanskrit critics. One of Ānandavardhana’s significant contributions is that he incorporates emotions and other association meanings into language meaning. As a result, the poetics expanded on conceptions of primary and secondary meaning. Given that Ānandavardhana was influenced by Bharathari, the proponent of the sphota theory, he highlighted the need of considering the entire utterance as an important unitary linguistic symbol. He had also demonstrated that the meaning of an utterance is influenced by context, and that the logical interpretation of meaning of a sentence based on individual word meanings is often fallacious. He also asserted that the overall meaning of an utterance may differ from the meaning of the individual words. Bharathari influenced Ānandavardhana to build his theory of language, but his attempt was limited to poetic meaning. In this research article, we shall make an attempt to comprehend the suggestive sense, also known as dhvani, along with its various forms, as described by Ānandavardhana. https://ijels.com/detail/dhvani-theory-in-indian-aesthetics/ Ajay Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-106202231-Dhvani.pdf Kanthapura (1938) depicts the conflict between Indian villagers and the Indian British authorities. Here Raja Rao paints Moorthy as a bold follower of Gandhian ideology. As a freedom fighter he does not accept caste barriers at all. Here Bhatta, the money lender exploits the poor innocent villagers. Gandhi's plan to introduce Charkha succeeds and many villagers start earning their livelihood. Moorthy organizes the villagers for national cause and they follow Gandhian dictates. As a result the tax policy of British government gets a set back. Finally, Moorthy is arrested but not excommunicated. When he comes out of prison, he asks his followers to lead a life of 'action'. Much has got to be done for national freedom. This novel is remarkable for social realism, economic realism and political realism. There is a direct encounter between villagers of Kanthapura and the British imperial powers. https://ijels.com/detail/raja-rao-s-kanthapura-a-journey-to-decolonization/ Dr. Alka Rani Agrawal, Kumud Chauhan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-106202239-RajaRao.pdf The Pickup is a tale of romance, adventure and above all love of Julie for Abdu as she proves that her love does not change with changing situations. In spite of being the daughter of rich parents she decides to join Abdu and picks up her suitcase to live in a deserted Muslim village for the sake of love. In this novel the artist confirms that her range is pretty wide. In the beginning young guys take life non-seriously and lead life of Hippies. But Abdu has to pick up his suitcase as he can't live in Johannesburg due to lack of permission from Home Affairs department. Julie adjusts in the ordinary house of Abdu in a village of Arabian country. She does not join him to go to Chicago as he has no settled work and home there. She has of course identified herself with the village and the family of Abdu. Many matters of world economic business world are referred here and hence the novel is remarkable for socio-economic and ethical realism. https://ijels.com/detail/nadine-gordimer-s-the-pickup-a-wide-canvas-of-socio-economic-realism/ Dr. Alka Rani Agrawal, Purnima Pandey https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-106202226-NadineGordimer.pdf There had been relatively little interest in a narrative of female individuation within mythology. Revisionist myths and legends in contemporary literature have thus addressed issues of women’s identity and autonomy while redesigning the gendered spaces in these cultural narratives. The need for alternative mobility arcs within the cultural imaginary was also recognized for adolescent girls in their quest for subjectivity. This paper thus explores two works of children’s fiction, viz. Sayantani Dasgupta’s Game of Stars(2019) from the Kiranmala and the Kingdom Beyond series and Roshani Chokshi’s Aru Shah and the End of Time (2018) as coming-of-age immigrant narratives where young girls undergo heroic adventures restructuring Indian mythology and Bengali folktales. Dasgupta’s Kiranmala and the Kingdom Beyond series intertwines intergalactic science and Bengali folktales, mostly from the Thakumar Jhuli (1907), meshing different fairy tale characters aiding the adolescent female protagonist Kiranmala, who is a neoteric gutsy counterpart of the warrior princess in Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumder's fairy tale collection. At the same time, Roshani Chokshi’s Aru Shah fantasy adventure series celebrates the Indian heritage of Hindu mythology (particularly the Mahabharata) in the diaspora, while empowering young immigrant girls to imagine and undertake non-normative feminist voyages. https://ijels.com/detail/empowering-girlhood-journeys-feminist-mythic-revision-in-contemporary-indian-diaspora-children-s-fiction/ Sohini Sengupta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-106202225-Empowering.pdf This research aims at Nativist theory and Behaviorist theory, and it also reflects light on which theory is more followed or used in teaching Pakistani curriculum. Nativist theory says that grammar rules are already built in our minds and language is learned with the help of a language acquisition device (LAD). Whereas Behaviorist theory says that language is learned through imitation and reinforcement. The study of this research paper shows that Nativist theory is more logical than Behaviorist theory but here in Pakistan; Behaviorist theory is more followed in teaching children at the school level. The data was collected through qualitative research. We just distributed some questionnaires among the children of different age groups and asked them to solve some grammatical questions. The aim of writing this research paper is to identify which theory is more pursued in teaching in Pakistan. https://ijels.com/detail/nativist-and-behaviorist-theory-a-comparison-which-is-more-used-in-teaching-in-pakistan/ Aqsa Sabir, Rozeena Shaukat, Sidra Wali, Shoaib Nazir https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-106202230-Nativist.pdf The present paper proposes to depict the reality of the society of modern times in a socio-realistic play ‘Clearing the Rubble’ by Mahesh Dattani. The main thrust of the paper is to throw light on the pathos of the marginalized section of society. Mahesh Dattani is a well known playwright who is known for his courageous attacks on the cruel and inhuman attitude towards the weak and marginalized categories. The paper examines how a society can be cruel enough to deny equal rights to their fellow beings on the basis of caste discrimination. ‘Clearing the Rubble’ brings treatment; the marginalized section of untouchables goes through during the natural calamity of earthquake. It presents the discrimination against the minority community of Muslims and who are also untouchables and is thus doubly marginalized. The dramatist has struck the conscience of the society by exposing the hypocrisy of the Indian society. Dattani wants to give a message through this play that the marginalized sections of low-caste should be given human status that, man is a man and he is born equal to all other men. This play gives an exotic image of our country and barely scratches the surface of Indian reality. He has made Herculean effort to retrieve the true and realistic inside view of India and her people. https://ijels.com/detail/mahesh-dattani-s-clearing-the-rubble-a-critique-of-centre-versus-margins/ Dr. Ramesh Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-106202242-Mahesh.pdf The documentation of children and their narratives has been considered one of the least accounted for in history. It can be placed within the contribution of literature and art towards shaping the societal view, stemming from the space it provides to the representation of certain themes and identities. The presence, or lack thereof, of children from these spaces can be put under a scrutinizing light, observing the significant changes it underwent over the centuries. This paper attempts to observe the emergence of this space and its increasing intricacy over time – from children being painted in a religious light, to their one dimensional portrayal as young-adults, to an eventual, layered representation of the experience of childhood and the complexity of a child as an individual. The study will refer to several artworks throughout the course of history, contrasting medieval art with art from eighteenth century onwards. The focus will primarily be on their references to childhood and how their portrayal of children corresponds to the time the artworks were first created in. https://ijels.com/detail/childhood-as-a-theme-of-interest-for-artwork-a-study-of-contrasting-representations-of-childhood-in-medieval-and-post-eighteenth-century-art/ Nandini Joshi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-106202227-Childhood.pdf The use of social media in the field of education has taken effect for quite some time. Social media applications offer learners good learning opportunities of using the language. The most important thing they provide learners with is that they promote authentic language use making it possible for students to improve their grammar knowledge and writing skills. Social media, as a learning platform, offers online platforms for users to generate and share information with other users and to interact with them synchronously or asynchronously by written and spoken word. Research has indicated that social media apps could be an efficacious platform for language learning. This study, therefore, comes to explore the effects of social media in the development of university students’ English writing skills and see how EFL students perceive social media in terms of usefulness and ease of use.It also examined whether or not there is any correlation between these variables. The sample consisted of 153 EFL university students using the convenience sampling technique. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and descriptive statistical tools were used to gain an in-depth understanding of the research topic. The results reveal that social media plays a key role in the development of EFL university students’ writing performance. https://ijels.com/detail/the-role-of-social-media-in-developing-english-language-writing-skills-moulay-ismail-university-as-a-case-study/ Mounim Lakhal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-106202217-TheRole.pdf By the mid-nineteenth century up to 1910, stories of a love affair between a European colonial and a native woman were missing in European settler writing. The point is that these stories were not allowed any more. The reasons for which they were no longer allowed and the way the European imperialists and the colonized people viewed these interracial romances were among the things which motivated Abdulrazak Gurnah to write Desertion (2005). In this novel, he explores the love relationship between a British colonial, Martin Pearce, and a Zanzibari woman, Rehana Zakariya, and how this affair was determinant in the failure of Amin and Jamila’s romance. One may wonder whether Rehana’s bad reputation is simply due to the fact that she was in love with a European man. One may also wonder whether Jamila’s tarnished name is only caused by the fact that she is Rehana’s granddaughter. From a cultural and postcolonial perspective, the paper will deal with Woman’s Virtue in Gurnah’s Desertion. Based on postcolonialism, racism and culture as theories, the study will analyze, on the one hand, the way the two main female protagonists in Desertion are viewed in their community and, on the other hand, the sad end of the love relationship between Amin and Jamila. https://ijels.com/detail/the-attachment-to-woman-s-virtue-in-abdulrazak-gurnah-s-desertion-2005/ Abdou Sene https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-10620226-TheAttachment.pdf The need to revisit Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations in an adaptation as a play by Tanika Gupta serves as a renewal of the classic story that signifies the depiction of complex human relationships and its accompanying emotional turmoils. The play in its artistic capacity effectuates a profound rendition, proving to be a workmanship whittled in the fine art of storytelling. It is a story that is redrawn and retold in a compelling tale of love andsearch for identity and its accompanying erasures as its major leitmotif. The plot of the play foregrounds individual tales that we encounter in the consequence of colonial history. In the play, Pip’s centrality as a protagonist, is of someone whose journey of life is mired in the upheavals of love and poverty. Though his decision towards a realisation to become “a gentleman”, in terms of acquiring ‘mannerisms ‘like that of the English, appears to be life changing. However, for Pip, the act of ‘becoming’is a self-defeating act and a decision that has tragic ramifications. The paper focusses on the idea of literary texts and their parallel adaptive coherence that gives impetus to the origination of qualitative ideas as art forms that find a natural embrace with each other. The adaptation also seeks to embody a certain theatrical origination by way of putting the novel within the scope of a vibrant discourse of life’s meanings through stage space. Texts finding a mutual correspondence, is in a way directed to dilate progressive ideas through the stage, is bestexemplified through Tanika Gupta’s adroitness as a playwright. https://ijels.com/detail/embodying-narratives-of-altered-protagonists-a-reading-of-great-expectations-by-charles-dickens-adapted-by-tanika-gupta/ Dr. Vineet Maxwell David https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-10720224-Embodying.pdf In this paper, I have tried to explore and explain the significance of “short square fingers” in Preludes. The meaning becomes clear if we analyse the image from the angle of palmistry and we understand how it fits in with the meaning and theme of the poem. https://ijels.com/detail/meaning-of-short-square-fingers-in-t-s-eliot-s-preludes/ Dr. Joyoti Das https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-10720221-Meaning.pdf