https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usFebruary 8 Product recognition is one of the key issues that aid in promoting and protecting its reputation based on the attributable properties possessed by the product. The geographical indication is a pillar that has been developed to protect the uniqueness of these products (its production, know-how and origin). In Africa, full appreciation of GIs has not been achieved, this is due to lack of knowledge of intellectual property rights, their benefits, frameworks, how to register and protect these products, few products, including the Taita basket, have been registered, but most of the products have the potential to be registered as GI, including sweet potatoes from Gabon, cassava from Ghana, coffee from Kilimanjaro (Musungu 2008). Most African farmers still use traditional methods to cultivate, process and preserve different products. In Kenya, legal protection of products is provided by trademarks, but this system does not protect or increase the value of the products in the market. This case study identifies tea from Kenya, which has been marked as to having a unique taste and quality, based on the agro-geo-climatic situations of the region and also the know-how skills possessed by Kenyan tea farmers. It then discusses the possibility of registering Kenyan Tea using European Quality System as a strategy and its role to Kenyan tea growers. https://ijels.com/detail/adoption-of-protected-geographical-indication-pgi-for-kenyan-tea/ Brian Kipkoech, Vlad llie Isarie https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-10120223-Adoption.pdf Communication is an essential component for social interaction and personal growth. Communication is simply sharing information from one person to another. Four pillars of effective communication are Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. The article focuses on the basics of communication. It tries to delve deep into the various aspects of the communication process. Developing the LSRW skills would help one to enrich the overall quality of their lives. This article assists the readers to get acquaintance with the skills which are the key for building a better communication. https://ijels.com/detail/lsrw-skills-a-way-to-enhance-communication/ Robins D. John https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-10120224-LSRW.pdf This paper will study the portrayal of female characters in cartoons with special reference to Shin Chan and Doraemon. Through a feminist critique, the paper would discuss how gender bias is perpetuated through the gender roles assigned to the characters in these shows. Gender discrimination is perpetuated by such external factors and consolidated by the children’s communication with their friends and classmates. This paper endeavours to examine how different stereotypes of gender are pushed through the veil of “child entertainment” via the cartoons and how these issues can be addressed. https://ijels.com/detail/perpetuating-gender-bias-in-children-s-cartoons-portrayal-of-female-characters-in-shin-chan-and-doraemon/ Dr. Navreet Sahi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-10120221-Perpetuating.pdf Ecology and environment by Haugen are used as analogies in creating the metaphor of ecology. Languages that exist in the world have various forms that lead to the emergence of interactions between languages. And the use of the ecological metaphor that appears from the study of eco-linguistics is to explain the relation between these languages. This study aims to reveal and describe the types of ecological metaphors in the novel Partikelby Dewi Lestari. The data source in this re-search is the novel Partikel by Dewi Lestari. The research procedure used to analyze the aspect of the metaphor uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data analysis technique used is the flow analysis model. Based on the results of data analysis on the novel Partikel by Dewi Lestari, four types of eco-logical metaphors were found, namely 1) anthropomorphic metaphors; 2) animal metaphors; 3) ab-straction metaphor; and 4) metaphorical synaesthesia. https://ijels.com/detail/ecological-balance-in-the-metaphor-of-the-novel-partikel-by-dewi-lestari-eco-linguistic-study/ Risti Luluk Nur Afidah, Suyitno, Raheni Suhita https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-112202150-Ecological.pdf The term queer carries an uncanny feeling with itself as it attributes to those people whose sexual orientations come outside of the mainstream heterosexual society. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people fall under the umbrella of queer whose existence is neglected since time immemorial in a heteronormative society. The aim of this article is to evaluate the queer identity, its growth, the struggle queer people have gone through over the ages till the emergence of queer movement in late twenties in the context of gays in United States . Besides it also prioritizes the portrayal of queer people in Indian Literature and its acceptance by giving prime importance to Ismat Chughtai’s infamous short story Lihaaf. The homoerotic nature of its female protagonist Begum Jan and her husband Nawab Saheb is clearly seen throughout the story which makes the story controversial. https://ijels.com/detail/representation-of-queerness-in-ismat-chughtai-s-lihaaf/ Sriya Sarma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-10120226-Representation.pdf This research paper talks about the concept of Humanism that is found in the works of Walt Whitman. Song of Myself exposes Whitman’s view of the human being. He recognized humanity as embracing many polarities, consisting of cultural, spiritual as well as biological. He also emphasizes on the ethos of equality in America. He believed that humanism is the only way of living our lives and all humans should be treated as equals and children of same God. Whitman considered life and all of its components special in their own ways and thought of them as perfect whatever they were and wherever they were. He stresses on the individuality and says that an individual should live with an open mind; should have willingness to love others; and should remain non-judgmental. The humanism of Whitman bases itself on their extreme faith in the Almighty. This paper aims at discussing the humanistic concerns in the poem Song of Myself. https://ijels.com/detail/humanistic-concerns-in-the-poem-song-of-myself-by-walt-whitman/ Nisha Rakwal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-101202214-Humanistic.pdf Construction of the Orient by the 'West' in narrative imaginations involves numerous problematic distortions in its depictions. This ‘construction’ follows the view of the Orient through the ‘western gaze’, which establishes and further thrives on binaries and hegemonies between the Occident and the Orient, mainly through the processes of ‘exoticisation’ and ‘othering’. Kipling’s ‘Kim’ and Davies’ adaptation of the book can be seen to employ the ‘western gaze’ in different manners according to their respective affiliations with the colonial and postcolonial periods. This paper seeks to trace the transformation of this western gaze from the colonial to the Postcolonial period; from a book to a film, and explores how it brings about numerous consequences of the colonial period to the modern contemporary world. https://ijels.com/detail/transformation-of-the-western-gaze-a-postcolonial-analysis-of-rudyard-kipling-and-john-davies-kim/ Vishal S Thomas https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-112202148-Transformation.pdf Sister of My Heart (1999) is a novel written in a realistic mode embellished by the myths, folktales and fairy tales about India and Hindu religion. The novel traces the conflict and angst the characters in the novel experience as they make fine negotiations between the two worlds, the traditional and the modern and how these characters change in this process balancing the old treasured beliefs and surprising new desires. This Research paper aims at studying the varied aspects of identity crisis, hegemony, patriarchy etc in the Eastern as well as Western context. https://ijels.com/detail/redrawing-the-boundaries-and-creating-new-homes-a-study-of-the-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni-s-novel-sister-of-my-heart/ Nisha Rakwal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-101202138-Redrawing.pdf Chinua Achebe is considered as a household name as far as African literature is concerned. He has shown his prowess in his critical essays, letters and short-stories. However it is the discipline of novels that took him to instant and everlasting fame. Particularly THINGS FALL APART and NO LONGER AT EASE are his masterpieces in which he portrayed a picture of African culture and showed his concerns on the policy of colonisation that drenched his nation into all sorts of trouble. This novel is still taught amd remains as fresh as it was. The purpose of the concerned paper was reexplore the mechanics of imperialism on Igbo society. Alongside this, there was keen focus on the contemporary approaches to this novel. Several schools of thought were explored that led to a variety of ideas. Literary articles on all fronts by African and international scholars were helpful in widening the scope of research despite showing hints of conflict. Especially Said’s work on post-colonial theory was of importance as well. https://ijels.com/detail/plight-of-the-native-the-mechanics-of-imperialism-in-achebe-s-things-fall-apart-and-other-approaches/ Muhammad Asad Obaid https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-112202169-Plightof.pdf Analysis of the prison population with mental disorders and court decisions. It analyzes the stereotypes that guide the scope of mental health, especially with regard to individuals in the Brazilian prison system. It aims to verify the social disbelief about the effectiveness of psychic health treatments as a driver for the occurrence of sentences that transgress the non-imputability of people with mental disorders; investigate the decision of judicial authorities in requesting the imprisonment of subjects with mental disorders instead of plausible psychiatric hospitalization; investigate the performance of interventions within prisons to adapt the environment to those sentenced with mental disorders; address the incoherent incarceration of mentally impaired individuals associated with the occurrence of overcrowding in prisons; report the damage to social reinsertion of the impertinent court decision of people with mental disorders. The methodology consisted of bibliographical research and published articles, books, legislation and other documents related to the theme were used. Thus, based on these parameters, the violation of fundamental rights of individuals with mental disorders was observed as a result of the lack of measures to adapt the prison environment to their specific needs, contributing to the destabilization of the prison system and hindering resocialization. It concludes with the defense of a perceptible urgency concerning social actions with a focus on the importance of treatments that are attentive to individual subjectivities in order to attenuate the trivialization of this situation. https://ijels.com/detail/the-banalization-of-mental-disorders-and-its-relationship-with-the-improper-judicial-sentence-of-individuals-in-the-prison-system/ Francisca Morais da Silveira, Francisco de Jesus Silva De Sousa, Guilherme Diniz Gonçalves, Henrique Augusto Rodrigues Duailibe Filho, Luis Eduardo Moraes Sousa Costa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-111202136-TheBanalization.pdf Hayavadana(1971) by Girish Karnad is an experimental play in many ways as it adopts stylistics features of the two major theatre forms moving away from the regionalist tradition of drama: Epic and Absurd. The Absurd dramatic tradition presents the post-modern human condition as against the conventional depiction of life. The conventional drama presents plays in a structured way with its beginning, middle and end. This paper attempts to trace Hayavadana in the light of both theatre traditions to evaluate how the play itself was a new influence on Indian drama that merged in it the influence of the existential philosophy of the West as reflected in the rapidly evolving theatre forms while presenting a tale from mythology on stage. Hence the paper attempts to unravel the enigmatic human relationship in the light of absurdism and incompleteness as a whole. Therefore, the paper is divided into two parts to understand the influence of the absurd movement on the theatrical style and to bring out the absurdity of the human relationships.Absurd Theatre, a form heralded by its proponents Samuel Beckett, Jean Genette, and Harold Pinter and Epic Theatre propounded by Bertolt Brecht are both distinct theatre traditions developed in the 20th century. https://ijels.com/detail/hayavadana-and-the-contemporary-theatre/ Dr. Jayalakshmi B, Dr. Sowmya A https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-10120225-Hayavadana.pdf Hemingway is the representative of short stories of modern times. The article focuses on Narrative Technique in the short fiction of Ernest Hemingway. It includes setting, character, point of view, atmosphere, symbolism, style and theme. He looks for social and ethical issues focusing on social criticism of people’s attitude. Hemingway supposed to be created out of knowledge and no interfering elements should be allowed to fake that form and deceive that skill. As a consequence, all that can be dispensed with should be pruned off: conference, decoration, rhetoric. It is this propensity of writing that has brought Hemingway approbation as well as disparagement, but it is apparent that the writer knew what he was doing when he himself commented on his aim. https://ijels.com/detail/narrative-techniques-in-ernest-hemingway-s-shorter-fiction/ Dr. Proteeka Pratap https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-101202253-Narrative.pdf Social media use during adolescence can adversely affect health and development. It could be safely assumed that social media is the most famous and preferred leisure activity among adolescents. Most teens report that social media gives positive contributions to their lives, but the modern research literature documented that social media use and adolescents’ mental health are adversely connected. Social media is a double-edged sword, so it can affect their mental health in a constructive or destructive way. Hence the excess use of social media comes with some risks for adolescents. The present study found the impact of social media on adolescent mental health. Depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression have been found as mental health issues of adolescents. The participants for the present study were randomly chosen, consisting of 312 (N= 312) adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years randomly selected from Kerala, India. The variables like viz., social media use, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Aggression were selected for the study. The outcome of the study reveals that there is a positive correlation between social media use and depression (r= 0.62), anxiety (r= 0.59), stress (r= 0.57), and aggression (r= 0.51). All the correlations were found to be statistically significant. The findings of the present research can be explained how mental health could be affected if the time spent on social media is considerably higher than usual. https://ijels.com/detail/influence-of-social-media-on-adolescent-mental-health/ Jasseer Jabbar, Shibu Dharmarajan, Ritu Priya Raveendranathan, Devanand Syamkumar, Alisha Jasseer https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-101202228-Influence.pdf The purpose of the present paper is to focus on voices of feminism in the poetry of Sylvia Plath, credited with advancing the genre of confessional poetry. The main aim of this paper is an introduction and analysis of Sylvia Plath's early poems so as to highlight her major themes and concerns. It incorporates a brief survey of origin and emergence of feminist writers of the twentieth century. This paper is based on Thematic, Interpretative, Exploratory and Critical analysis. The paper critically analyzes and examines the female literary tradition to find out how women writers of their time have perceived themselves and imagined reality particularly through the poems of Plath. The paper through close textual reading explores and exposes the patriarchy through a delicate balance of radical and social feminism. The paper concluded that Sylvia Plath and her contemporaries believed in broadly feminist ideals. Sylvia Plath through her poems was giving a closure for the treatment she received from the male domination. It reinforces the fact that much ground still needs to be traversed towards achieving gender equality in the new millennium. https://ijels.com/detail/confessional-mode-of-feminist-poetics-sylvia-plath-on-love-life-and-death/ Eram Fatima, Mohammad Tariq, Hafiz Mohd. Arif https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-101202243-Confessional.pdf Surface reading is a lesser-used yet effective method of critical reading. The more commonly practiced method of symptomatic reading focuses on unearthing meaning from a depth that texts supposedly hide on the surface. On the contrary, surface reading positions all interpretations of the text on its surface itself. The text presents all its interpretations through its verbal structure, critical descriptions, patterns, et al. Renowned short story writer Katherine Mansfield’s works present best interpretations best when surface reading is employed. She connects themes, characters and textual content in an intricately and carefully designed web on the surface. In particular, her short story - ‘The Fly’ - is a classic case where methods of surface reading as a verbal structure of language, critical descriptions, patterns that exist across and within text(s), et al. can be studied exhaustively. This article elucidates the benefits and techniques of surface reading through a case study of Mansfield’s ‘The Fly’. https://ijels.com/detail/comprehending-surface-reading-through-the-fly/ Nandhitha M https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-101202223-Comprehending.pdf Rabindranath Tagore epitomizes the dilemmas of the young widows who are the victims of the orthodox society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Widow Remarriage Act could not change the mentality of the people; through the contribution of social reformers such as Tagore critically analyses Binodini’s psychology, tension, inner agony as a beautiful widow with has western education. She has desires, passion and intelligence to fulfil her incomplete desire with Mahendra. She enjoys the game of love with Mahendra, but at the same time, she wants to captivate Behari, who is most virtuous in character. This paper attempts to explore the critical condition of Binodini, who fulfils her sexual desires with Mahendra and later rejects his marriage proposal. She realizes that the conservative society will not allow widow-remarriage. https://ijels.com/detail/the-conflict-between-widowhood-and-sexuality-in-tagore-s-chokher-bali/ Farzana Nasrin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-101202220-TheConflict.pdf The aim of this investigation was to discover what model most appropriate fits for the perception of the police subculture of police personnel in Zamboanga City Region IX. To find out the singular and combined influence of independent variables on the perception of the police subculture. Employing correlation research design, population and sampling, and structural equation model, data were obtained from 400 police personnel from various municipalities and city Police stations in Zamboanga City. On other hand, the study established that there is an important connection in the police personnel among police stress, multifactor leadership, personality, and police subculture. A conclusive statement has been drawn based on the results of the research; police stress, leadership, personality has an important correlation in police subculture. Further, findings established that police stress, personality, and multifactor leadership is significant predictors of the police subculture. All independent variables are rejected which means that Police stress, multifactor leadership, personality are significant predictors of the police subculture. Furthermore, findings discovered that police stress, multifactor leadership, and personality established the best fit model of the study on police subculture of police personnel. https://ijels.com/detail/structural-equation-model-on-subculture-perceptions-of-philippine-national-police-personnel/ Johana Jamasali-Abdula, Rinante L. Genuba, Rogelio A. Lovina https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-101202213-Structural.pdf Learning based on student centered learning with digital media can be used in online learning. This study aims to describe the planning, implementation, and assessment of student-centered learning based on learning with digital media in Indonesian language learning in Junior High Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period.The research was conducted on seventh grade students of SMP N 4 Purwokerto. The form of this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study research strategy. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and document analysis. The data analysis technique uses data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are: 1) Lesson plan based on student centered learning with digital media in Indonesian language learning 2) Implementation of learning based on student centered learning with digital media in Indonesian language learning 3) Assessment of learning based on student centered learning with digital media in Indonesian language learning which consists of three aspects of the assessment, namely the assessment of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. https://ijels.com/detail/implementation-of-student-centered-learning-with-digital-media-in-indonesian-language-learning-in-junior-high-schools-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ Sakinah Isna Firmani, Andayani, Nugraheni Eko Wardani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-101202230-Implementation.pdf The aim of this research is to construct a causal model on occupational stress through the perception of barriers, work environment, and frustration discomfort of police officers. This study was also set up to provide a research-based landscape of the occupational stress among police officers viewed in the local Police Station of Misamis Occidental, Region X, Philippines. Survey and correlational methods of research and structural equation model were used in the study involving 400 police officers. Findings revealed that the level of occupational stress, work environment, and frustration discomfort was high and moderate for the perception of barriers. Results also show that there was a positive correlation between barrier perception and workplace stress, work environment and work stress, frustration discomfort, and work stress. Moreover, perception of barriers, work environment, and frustration discomfort are predictors of occupational stress. In addition, to express the latent variable frustration discomfort representing the measured variables entitlement, emotional intolerance, achievement, and discomfort intolerance, as the best fit model for occupational stress among police officers. https://ijels.com/detail/a-structural-equation-model-on-occupational-stress-among-police-officers/ Love H. Falloran, Rinante L. Genuba, Rogelio A. Lovina Jr https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-101202212-AStructural.pdf The research highlights how women are portrayed and objectified in the novel Twilight in Delhi by Ahmed Ali. Women are victimized and suppressed by the men throughout the novel in various ways. This research is carried out by the help of theme of feminism and covers almost all the aspects of the feminist theory. The women are represented as subaltern and under constant influence of patriarchal society. This image of women in the novel is the reflection of whole Indian society, not only of a family or particular group. This article is a minute representation of women before the Partition of the Sub-continent. https://ijels.com/detail/victimization-of-women-in-twilight-in-delhi/ Behjat Azhar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-104202026-Victimization.pdf In Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing, history possesses more agency over the future trajectory of societal and individual lives than any character does. In examination of H, Akua, and Marcus, the control of history is apparent on their backgrounds and their futures. https://ijels.com/detail/the-shackles-of-history-the-hidden-protagonist-of-homegoing/ Stella P. Maymin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-101202210-TheShackles.pdf Corrupting Influence of Power in Shakespeare’s Plays”. Lord Acton splendidly maintained that “power tends to corrupt. And absolute power corrupts completely.” Shakespeare’s plays qualify as such a lot of ingenious investigations into the implications of possessing power. The dramatic portrayal of madness will usually be a cathartic expertise for audiences. By looking at actors perform mentally disturbed characters, audiences ar freed momentarily to observe their own stresses, fears, pressures and pent-up needs showing emotion lived out of body through a example of life on the stage https://ijels.com/detail/madness-and-corruption-in-shakespeare-hamlet-and-macbeth/ Anusha Sanyal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-10220221-Madness.pdf Learning motivation has been considered as a determining factor in foreign language learning. The decreasing of learning motivation will bring negative impact on students’ foreign language learning and teachers’ foreign language teaching. In recent years, many researchers have done some empirical studies on learning demotivation among elementary students, middle school students and non-English major college students. This paper attempts to sort out the literature on the decline of foreign language learning motivation and find out the research gap, hoping to inspire relevant research in the future. https://ijels.com/detail/literature-review-of-learning-demotivation-among-foreign-language-learners/ Meng Yanzhi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-101202241-LiteratureReview.pdf The intervention of colonial laws and administration in the indigenous society of Odisha caused a lot of upheavals in the native’s life. Along with the colonizers, the middle-class people also took advantage of the laws to exploit the innocent and illiterate lower class Odias. Fakir Mohan Senapati’s path-breaking novel Six Acres and a Third skilfully mirrors this impact of Colonial intervention in Odia society. By giving a vivid picture of Colonialism and middle class dominance and oppression, Senapati exposes the system of his day and presents it in a satiric manner as an act of resistance. The novel, providing a micro picture of Colonialism and oppression of natives by the middle class people like Zamindars and Lawyers, depicts a number of social issues and implicitly critiques the whole system. https://ijels.com/detail/critiquing-colonialism-and-middle-class-dominance-a-postcolonial-study-of-six-acres-and-a-third/ Soumyakanta Senapati https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-101202248-Critiquing.pdf This paper about the one of the saddest worldwide phenomenon “Hunger”, relates to an individual’s productivity. The paper sheds light upon the basics of the topic “Hunger”, and its geographical effects on the productivity of humans, and how as per the different adaptation of the same circumstances by individuals causes different results, which are in direct contradiction with the assumptions and statistics. https://ijels.com/detail/hunger-the-seed-of-society-s-service-sterility/ Akshara Gera https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-101202244-HUNGER.pdf Game theoretical models have been applied to various fields of economics over the years and has helped in formulating simple models for complex economic scenarios. On such field where these models have been found out to be very useful is the domain of International trade. This paper is a review paper on game theoretical models being applied in international trade for analysing trade wars, trade policy and complex tradenegotiations. The paper also has reviewed game theory models being applied to US China trade war. The paper has tried to review almost every important game theory model which has been useful in finding out optimum results and helping countries make the best policy decisions related to international trade. https://ijels.com/detail/review-of-game-theory-applications-in-rade/ Chaitanya Khurana https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-101202247-Reviewof.pdf Today, along with the urbanization process, the tendency of agricultural land to shrink and the economic structure to shift towards a decrease in the proportion of agriculture has inevitably led to a change in labor structure people's jobs. The construction of industrial parks, joint ventures with foreign countries to expand old urban areas, and construction of new urban areas have narrowed agricultural production land. Therefore, to ensure a stable life for people, it is necessary to have strategic solutions in vocational training and job creation. In this seminar topic, the article focuses on in-depth analysis and emphasizes vocational training and job creation solutions for people whose land has been acquired in industrial zones in Thanh Hoa city. https://ijels.com/detail/solutions-on-vocational-training-and-job-creation-for-people-whose-land-has-been-acquired-in-industrial-zones-in-thanh-hoa-city-vietnam-under-the-impact-of-the-urbanization-process/ Le Thanh Ha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-102202213-Solutions.pdf Divergent thoughts are always explored in education from time to time, with a view to building a better society and economy. Time to time, many renovations take place in educational policy and system, yet medium of instruction likely remains same because language is the key channel through which education, culture and social inclination are also imparted. No doubt, language is the primary mode to engage human activities similarly it educates about the social setup and needs. The culture of a society always is reflected through language and respectively language reveals the particular society’s culture and custom. Therefore, the term sociolinguistics is coined under language study. The students consider the second language learning is a paper in their selected discipline, they never see L2 is as language learning. The formal language education gives good knowledge on language and linguistics, but the students involve in real-life they face lot of challenges to communicate or understand the social need. There is a gap between society and formal language education, because the classroom exposure alone is not enough to develop one’s language efficacy. The existing language syllabus for L2 is likely based on the four skills and there is no inclusion of pragmatics and sociolinguistics aspects in it. Education should go with the social order and state of affairs. The present paper attempts to study the possible insights on sociolinguistics with relevant to the existing L2 education. https://ijels.com/detail/a-theoretical-review-sociolinguistics-in-second-language-education/ Dr. K. Sankar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-101202251-ATheoretical.pdf With the beginning of the twenty-first century, it has become clear that the era of technology and globalization is loading. Technological advances set foot in the field of literature through translation. The translation is the transforming mediator between languages, which helps people from all over the world understand each other. This work studies the translating problems of electronic correspondence from Arabic to a foreign language. This study hypothesizes that: 1. The discussed examples analyze all the vocal faults, ambiguity, and incorrectness of the translation generally. 2. This work will be understandable for all the readers, not only for the linguistic experts, except for the IPA transcription. This study is limited to the problems, which relate to the technical and scientific terms, not to the literary ones. The most commonly used translator is Google unless another is mentioned. The procedures of this study are: 1. Identifying the electronic correspondence. 2. Discussing why is Arabic not an easy language to translate 3. Showing the common and general problem of translating a. Discussing the syntactic problems of translating. b. Discussing the meaning or style issues. c. Displaying the morphology and phonology misuses. 4. Discussing Specific problems of translation 5. Technical problems. 6. Suggested Solutions. https://ijels.com/detail/problems-of-scientific-translation-in-electronic-correspondence-between-iraqi-and-foreign-users-in-light-of-the-corona-virus-pandemic/ Ayah Ali Salim https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-102202220-Problems.pdf This study aimed to analyze the contribution of leg length, leg muscle strength, arm span, and maximum oxygen volume of athletes to the performance of 100-meter crawl style swmming, and how significant the contributions were. This study employs a descriptive and correlational research method. Specifically, this research focused on 40 Pandhowo Swimming Club female athletes with an age range of 12-13 years old. In this study, there are four independent variables: leg length, leg muscle strength, arm span, and maximum oxygen volume. While the performance of the 100-meter crawl style swimming is used as the dependent variable. This study collected data through tests and measurements of each variables, and the analysis is done using correlation technique, which tests normality, linearity, and hypotheses Results indicated that leg length, leg muscle strength, arm span, and maximal oxygen volume contributed significantly to the performance of the 100-meter crawl style swimming. The effective and relative contribution of each variable is as follows: leg length has an effective contribution of 15% and a relative contribution of 20%, leg muscle strength has an effective contribution of 20% and a relative contribution of 30%, arm span has an effective contribution of 6% and a relative contribution of 9%, and maximal oxygen volume has an effective contribution of 25% and a relative contribution of 38%. https://ijels.com/detail/the-contribution-of-leg-length-leg-muscle-strength-arm-span-and-maximum-oxygen-volume-to-100-meter-crawl-swimming-achievement/ Fariz Muhammad Ihsan, Sugiyanto, Slamet Riyadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-101202246-TheContribution.pdf The current paper attempts to shed light on the feasibility of teaching the undergraduate students intonation and its pragmatic meaning as a means of communication and learning especially during Covid-19 which has been one of the greatest crises in different sides of life including education. Students in Iraq especially those who study at universities just like their peers in all over the world have faced the difficulty of distance learning which abused them to cope with the online classrooms. Pre and post tests have been conducted about intonation and stress to a sample of (20) students who have studied English language in the department of English language at Al-Turath University College were divided into experimental and control groups EG and CG to check out their comprehension of intonation before and after instructions. The data was collected from questionnaire and then computed in a statistical analysis. Many diagrams and tables were submitted to point out the percentages of passed and failed students of both groups before and after treatment. The findings were so obvious that there has been improvement of the experimental group after treatment. However, the present research investigates the effectiveness of teaching intonation to English second learners to improve their pronunciation and ultimately help the students’ online grasp learning. The whole attempts are for the sake of conducting a successful distance learning. https://ijels.com/detail/intonation-and-learning-english-language-during-corona-virus-pandemic/ Dina Mohammed Salman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-102202211-Intonation.pdf The novel has been a great form of literature and was officially brought into existence and development during the 18th century. Unlike other forms of literature (Drama, and Poetry), the novel has sustained a long time and grew drastically by bringing in several other disciplines into it. The major factors which led to the rise of the novel include the decline of Drama, the rise of middle-class people, leisure among women, modern libraries, and also the industrial revolution. In regard to the development of novels, there has been an emergence of types depending upon the creation, setting, story, and also narration. One among them is the “Historical Novel” which is recognised to be one of the major types of the novel, where the history along with its characters has become alive and revaluated in the present perspectives. “Historical fiction is a literary genre where the story takes place in the past. Historical novels capture the details of the time period as accurately as possible for authenticity, including social norms, manners, customs, and traditions. Many novels in this genre tell fictional stories that involve actual historical figures or historical events.”(masterclass.com). As the definition suggests, historical fiction mostly has the characters and the period from the history, and the story is made by the novelist in reference to the history and brought to us in a novel and unseen perspective. In this present article, we focus on the origin and rise of the historical novel and how the British author, Hillary Mantel has used the form widely in her Thomas Cromwell trilogy. https://ijels.com/detail/historical-fiction-and-hilary-mantel/ Gudala Parimala, Prof. P. Rajendra Karmarkar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-10220229-Historical.pdf This study discusses the study of social conflict in the novel entitled Si Anak Pelangi by Tere Liye. In this study that each study of social conflict consists of social classes conflict, intergroup conflict, interpersonal conflict intergenerational conflict, social status and roles conflict. The purpose of this study was to determine the social conflict contained in the novel Si Anak Pelangi by Tere Liye. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. This research uses a sociology of literature approach. Data were collected by reading, recording, and analyzing the documents contained in the novel Si Anak Pelangi by Tere Liye. The results of this study indicate that in the study of social conflict there are social conflict consisting of social classes conflict, intergroup conflict, interpersonal conflict intergenerational conflict, social status and roles conflict. https://ijels.com/detail/analysis-of-the-novel-si-anak-pelangi-by-tere-liye-in-the-study-of-social-conflict/ Riris Valentina Sihombing, Sarwiji Suwandi, Suyitno https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-101202242-Analysisof.pdf In the midst of the ongoing changes, a complex social and economic life, contemporary South African society is characterised by exceptional complexity. The new South Africa following democratic rule and accompanying urbanisation had brought about drastic changes in the primary form and institutions in society. Post-apartheid literature foregrounds the themes of poverty, assault, rape, bloodshed, xenophobia, gay life and the AIDS epidemic amongst others. None to Accompany Me presents incidents of life experiences of young adolescents dealing with issues of sexuality, violence and social struggle. This study focuses on Nadine Gordimer rethinking her former conception of same-gender love and sexuality. A literary work exploring the contemporary social issues faced by many young people in modern society and investigates what the researcher see as a significant shift in her most recent work after independence. The paper is informed by an old-fashioned liberal humanist vision and clearly interprets escalated gay existence in post-apartheid South Africa not as a strange phenomenon but a logical maturation of the pressures of long years of racial segregation and oppression as well as the precipitated expectations of the post – apartheid era. The findings are that by asserting the queer subject and their place in post-apartheid South Africa, None to Accompany Me offers vital coun¬ter narrative to widespread homophobia. It sustains on the premise that for social justice and harmony to reign, there should be the political will of state leadership to shun cultural exclusionism and articulate policies that will reconcile and accommodate cultural, racial and sexual differences. https://ijels.com/detail/re-thinking-of-queer-voices-in-the-new-south-africa-nadine-gordimer-s-none-to-accompany-me/ Dr. Chinyere T. Ojiakor, Nkechi Ezenwamadu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-101202249-Re-thinking.pdf Sea of Poppies is the novel by Amitav Ghosh which was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize in 2008. It is the first part of his Ibis trilogy, a saga set just before the Opium Wars. All the characters in this novel blend with the people of all races and languages run through the stories, supplying the novel with a plenty of words and terms from East-Asian, Pacific and pidgin languages that turn the trilogy into a unique cocktail of multicultural and multilingual ecriture. Through this reaserch paper , I aim to highlight the cultural and linguistic diversity and present how Ghosh is able to create a cultural and linguistic hybrid space. https://ijels.com/detail/multicultural-and-multilingual-aspects-in-amitav-ghosh-s-sea-of-poppies/ P. Pradeep, Dr. R. Poli Reddy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-102202212-Multicultural.pdf The killing of a tree symbolizes deforestation. The perishing of trees is a threat to our environment. A tree has grown to this extent taking a lot of time to grow by absorbing air, water, sunlight and minerals from the earth soil. The roots give energy to the trees. But people kill the trees without any mercy for their instant interests not considering the long-term impacts and as a result, the environment, as well as mankind, suffers. Therefore, we must be mind and soul towards trees and killing of trees must be stopped. If we consider the symbolic meaning of the poem, we will definitely stop thinking at last and finally say that Tree means Social Evils or Socially worst practices. Can we compare Tree to a social Evil? When we want to remove one long practiced custom in the society it will be like well grown up tree, to stop it im-mediately is impossible, it’s not possible to stop after a bit of warning or precautionary measures (A sim-ple jab or knife) Like this a whole poem consists of images and symbols. https://ijels.com/detail/a-symbolic-study-of-the-poem-on-killing-a-tree/ Shivanand Hiremath https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-102202210-ASymbolic.pdf This study aims to identify the way La Salle University managed in providing quality education during the Coronavirus Pandemic when Universities had little to almost no time to adapt to the abrupt changes in the educational processes from traditional face-to-face set-up to flexible online learning. Using a semi-structured questionnaire through a Google Form Survey, the researchers look into the students of La Salle University particularly on their perception, and their lived experiences regarding the flexible online distance learning, highlighting their ability to retain information, and lesson content, and their effectivity of the utilization of online platform as a tool to achieve quality education. Data collected provide an undeniable challenge that the learners experience in the course of a year in the flexible online distance learning set-up. Such challenges include but are not limited to technical issues in their access to online platforms, technical skills of teachers and instructors alike, the communication between students and teachers, and the inappropriate teaching methods used in a flexible online distance setup. Biggest emphasis on the challenges lies on the poor communication between the instructors and the learners. Based on these data, implications for the use of the universities doing flexible online learning setup, and others, are presented. https://ijels.com/detail/in-the-new-normal-students-perception-and-experiences-on-the-shift-to-flexible-learning-system-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ Dirb Boy O. Sebrero, Noel C. Alamin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-102202219-Inthe.pdf This study under the title “Feminism in Alice Walker’s ‘The Color Purple’” studies different aspects of feminism highlighted in The Color Purple and tries to understand the status of black women in patriarchal American society. This study is guided by two questions which ask whether black women are victims of sexism in American society and how women can free themselves from man’s domination. Besides, key concepts such as feminism,feminist theory, sexism and sisterhood are defined. Two types of feminism, namely liberal feminism and radical feminism are discussed in this study. Since this research is qualitative, data and data sources are also qualitative and they are collected and analysed qualitatively using psychological, historical and feminist approaches. After a thorough analysis of the novel, it is concluded that black women are victims of sexism in American society and that through sisterhood women can free themselves from man’s domination. https://ijels.com/detail/feminism-in-alice-walker-s-the-color-purple/ Emmanuel Simparinka https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-10220228-Feminism.pdf In the age of interdisciplinary studies Literary and Memory Studies is an emerging field of interest to young scholars and researchers. The manner in which Memory Studies interlink across various disciplines as history, geography, literature, psychology is worthy of exploring. Cultural memory entails convergence of fields such as cultural history, social psychology, media archaeology, political philosophy, comparative literature and relate past to the present. It is bifocal in nature since it leads to both remembering and forgetting. There are diverse ways in which Memory studies can be located in literary and media studies. My focus is to highlight how an exploration of memory studies further leads to a study of psychological trauma buried deep in the memory of an individual as well as its culture. The experience of undergoing the two World Wars, Holocaust, 9/11 episode, 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, political strife in Afghanistan are major areas that can be studied with the aid of memory studies. I shall highlight on this specific area of memory studies by contextualizing how memory operates by its twin process of remembering and forgetting to bring out the trauma of the civilians of East Pakistan who had witnessed the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. For this purpose Numair Atif Choudhary’s Babu Bangladesh (2019) is chosen to elucidate how the process of nation building is intrinsically connected to the present and past lives of its citizens. The narrative of formation of a new nation is continually questioned and reframed by the oral narratives of the generations of people who have witnessed its creation. https://ijels.com/detail/traumatic-history-and-transcultural-memory-a-reading-of-numair-atif-choudhury-s-babu-bangladesh-in-the-context-of-nation-formation/ Dr. Sagarika Dutta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-102202225-Traumatic.pdf The main issue of this article is to analyse the 19th century Britain , a time of great progress and reform in British society due to industrialisation and social upheaval.But one of the most controversial debates were the “gender inequality “ in the then period. How in this era women were discriminated against by men. Throughout the 19th century a system existed which was entirely patriarchal. Britain was run by common law; a law which dictated that once a woman married, she ended up with no rights to anything. Patriarchal society did not allow women to have the same privileges as men. Consequently, women were ascribed the more feminine duties and pursuing the outlets of feminine creativity. The most ridiculous thing was that this era symbolised by the reign of a female monarch, Queen Victoria, still the women were subject to the voice of men . They were deprived of their own property, voting rights and even right over her own body. People believed in Tennyson’s words, “men for the field, women for the home “. So in a sense it can be rightly said that the age is the supreme example of the proverb “Darkness reigns at the foot of the light-house”. https://ijels.com/detail/19th-century-britain-a-time-of-reshaping-women-in-the-ideology-of-separate-spheres/ Shrabani Ganguly Chakraborty https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-102202223-19thcentury.pdf This paper situates Bashabi Fraser, a British South Asian poet, within the larger domain of “Women in Literature”. I would argue that Bashabi Fraser, who is of Indian origin and whose current location is in Edinburgh, Scotland, is not just a mere diasporic writer. Her poetic oeuvre offers a unique lebenswelt of the “globizen” (global citizen). Bashabi describes herself as the ‘daughter of the East’ who dis-homes her nationalist anchorage to encounter the larger world and her poetic universe unfolds through this complex encounter between her ‘two worlds’, her home and the larger world. As a woman writer, she upholds the ideology of transnationality or the feminine trans-self that deflates the patriarchal concepts of bordering, control, occupation and regimentation. Rather than being border-restrictive, the linkages, interdependencies, connections, contradictions, and discontinuities of gender experiences in multiple contexts are highlighted in Bashabi Fraser’s writings. https://ijels.com/detail/daughters-of-the-east-encountering-the-world-a-reading-of-bashabi-fraser-s-feminine-trans-self/ Arpita Chakrabarti https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-102202222-Daughters.pdf The relationship among exchange rate, foreign direct investment and economic growth is explored in this study by adopting the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique to examine the long-run cointegrating relationship for the period 1981-2018. A long-run relationship was confirmed among exchange rate, foreign direct investment and economic growth. From the findings, foreign direct investment contributes positively to economic growth, while the speed of adjustment is 78.46% and significant.The study recommends, among others, that the Nigerian government must create an enabling atmosphere for private businesses to prosper. The study suggested that the government pursue policies that will boost investors' confidence and enable foreign companies to invest in the country's economy. Government and private-sector agencies are encouraged to invest more in the country's education and health care infrastructure. https://ijels.com/detail/exchange-rate-foreign-direct-investment-and-economic-growth-nexus-in-nigeria/ Onabote Ademola Andrew, Adama Ibrahim Joseph, Obasaju Barnabas, Bright Ohwofasa, Eluyela Damilola, Popoola Olabisi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-102202215-Exchange.pdf Power either can elevate ethically or corrupt morally. It is intertwined with a few curses; fundamentally it is cursed to bring moral hypocrisy with it. Power,especially power over human beings, inevitably corrupts. Judging by the normal expression of humanity, there is nothing more important in the life of a human being or a nation than the moral standards, by which life is governed and the same perception infers that in all set of conditions, the righteous approach to conduct oneself towards human beings, is to treat with compassion. But a totalitarian state defies all morality and puts everything at stake in blind pursuit of power. Arthur Koestler in his Darkness at Noon gives us a guided tour of totalitarianism, his novel is concentrated on acute criticism of Stalin’s power-hungry rule, a totalitarian ruler of Soviet Russia. Koestler, who was influenced by Sigmund Freud, intricately acquaints the readers with the inner workings of a totalitarian party through the psychological happenings in the mind of his protagonist Rubashov. Rubashov who is a communist militant, a devote party official, manifested imprisoned for unexplained crime at the beginning of the novel. It’s while he awaits his execution in his cell that he begins to have the most serious doubts about the objective morality of the party. The present paper studies the aforementioned novel to explore the relation between power and morality and the role of consciousness, to help the protagonist to realise the importance of morality in life. It further examines the need to implicate morality in the power structure to maintain its legitimacy. https://ijels.com/detail/blinding-power-and-awakened-morality-a-study-of-arthur-koestler-s-darkness-at-noon/ Dr. Shivangi Chanyal, Ruchita Bhatt https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-102202230-Blinding.pdf English language teaching is considered a strategic role in Vietnamese high schools. English is a compulsory subject in almost all high schools. However, various factors can impede teachers' English teaching. Helping teachers to deeply understand those factors is certainly of vital importance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to discover the factors that affect the teaching of English at three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The participants of the study were 33 Vietnamese English teachers. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered via questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The ANOVA analysis was employed to assess whether there are some differences in teachers' perceptions of factors affecting their English teaching. The results of the study revealed that student-related factors, teacher-related factors, and environment-related factors had a significant influence on the teachers’ teaching of English in their classrooms, and that the teachers’ perceptions of the factors affecting their teaching had no statistically significant difference. Last but not least, several recommendations were made for the stakeholders with the aim of improving the quality of English teaching and learning at the context of study. https://ijels.com/detail/factors-affecting-english-language-teaching-in-vietnamese-high-schools-from-teachers-perspective/ Le Van Tuyen, Thi Dieu Hien https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-102202234-Factors.pdf Ruskin born in 1819, he studied at seventeen and joined next year Christ College,Oxford, also good gentlemen. He was the foremost English art critic of the Victorian age. Ruskin convicts the science of political Economy as it makes no providing for social cares. Also it bases itself on the theory of utility, and which does not principal to this end and past its influence. It has striking and attractive piece like alchemy, astrology or witchcraft, but its reality is terrible and cold-hearted. The transmission of wealth in a public of nations can be associated to that of blood in the human body. The word discrimination consider as good or bad, depends on manner by which it is established and the purpose for used. Ruskin says from Dante’s “Divine Comedy” means “You judges of the earth”. What he mentioning that love and justice must be managerial values of political economy. https://ijels.com/detail/john-ruskin-as-a-social-reformer-and-his-views-on-political-economy/ Ms. K. Jancy, Dr. V. Manimozhi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-10620215-JohnRuskin.pdf This study aimed to assess the service quality and customers' satisfaction in the Government Service Insurance System in Pagadian City Branch during the calendar year 2020. Quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed in this study. Employing frequency counting and percent, weighted mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation, data were obtained from 189 customers of Government Service Insurance System Pagadian City Branch. The results revealed that the perceived level of service quality of the customers of GSIS is high and interpreted as exceeds expectation deliver. Standard deviations for all the indicators were less than 3.00, which revealed a close clustering of the mean responses. In addition, the perceived level of customer’s satisfaction is satisfied and interpreted as good satisfaction on the services rendered by GSIS Pagadian Branch as to tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. Standard deviations that are less than 3.0 supported a high degree of homogeneity in their responses. Furthermore, analysis of data revealed that service quality is correlated with customer’s satisfaction (r=0.886, p=0.000). This indicates that service quality were significantly related to their customer’s satisfaction. https://ijels.com/detail/customers-perceived-service-quality-and-satisfaction-in-the-government-service-insurance-system-pagadian-branch/ Fritzella Sam Polinar Sarande, Leo C. Naparota, Edgardo S. Cabalida, Rogelio A. Lovina https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-102202231-Customers.pdf The present paper aims to trace out the diasporic tendencies in the selected novel of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Queen of Dreams. Diaspora literature constitute the problematic abroad life of immigrants. As an outsider, diaspora community faces many critical issues in their host land. Alienation, racial segregation, cultural conflict and identity crisis are core issues faced by immigrants. Indian diaspora literature is an academic body of writing enriched by Indian immigrant writers. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has occupied adorable status in female category in the literary canon of Indian diasporic writing. She has artistically projected the survival issues of immigrant women in her poetry, novels and short stories. Divakaruni has critically examined how Indain immigrant women struggles in assimilation with western culture and survive with hyphened identity. Indian immigrant’s experience, contemporary America, history, fantasy and the difficulties of immigrant’s living in an alien land are her major thematic concerns. Divakaruni’s novel Queen of Dreams is a journey of young Indian artist named Rakhi in California, United States. Surviving in abroad, Rakhi perceives the conflict of hyphened identity. She asserts that as an immigrant, she is having a dual identity and she swings between ‘real’ and ‘reel world. Rakhi’s two daughters survives as second generation immigrants in United States who are not much aware about India and its culture. The novel profoundly focuses on the identity conflict, east-west conflict, cultural clash, assimilation, pain of immigration and belongingness. https://ijels.com/detail/diasporic-tendencies-in-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni-s-queen-of-dreams/ Ajay Makwana https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-103202311-Diasporic.pdf Towards the late 60’s and into the 70’s, African American literature became focused, more and more, on asserting an Afro centric identity and renewing links with African culture and sensibility. Alongside there was a great surge in Black Women’s writing with a number of black women insisting on being heard and taken seriously not only in the mainstream, but also within the black community. Maya Angelou represents the black woman of the 1960’s. She has found the place to reinvent the self, a site many other woman writers had been searching for. Her choice of writing is an endeavor to reconcile her fragmented split self, with racial and gender politics. The theme that remains consistent in her works is her struggle, as a black woman, to maintain her sense of individuality amid the unrelenting forces with its racist and sexist ideology. Angelou uses her writing as a tool for resisting and altering those ideologies, hegemonies and methodologies that have silenced and marginalized black women. This paper is an attempt to analyze discrimination towards black women which appears in Maya Angelou’s poems. The analysis will be based on the select poem of Angelou which include “Caged Bird” and “Phenomenal woman”. https://ijels.com/detail/afro-american-feminism-in-maya-angelou-s-poems-a-study-of-caged-bird-and-phenomenal-woman/ Rabiya Ahmad, Prof. Aejaz Mohammed Sheikh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-102202232-Afro-American.pdf Gender disparity is a pervasive issue in India, affecting various sectors but most notably education and health. Despite significant economic progress and social reforms, the inequalities between men and women remain deeply entrenched. This paper explores the various dimensions of gender disparity, drawing on empirical studies and policy reports to provide a comprehensive overview. In the educational sector, women continue to lag behind in enrollment and literacy rates, largely due to societal norms, economic constraints, and safety concerns. Similarly, in the realm of healthcare, women face higher mortality rates and have limited access to medical services. These disparities are not uniform across the country and exhibit significant state-wise variations. For instance, states like Kerala and Himachal Pradesh have made commendable progress in gender parity, whereas Uttar Pradesh and Bihar lag considerably. Policy initiatives have been introduced to address these disparities, yet their effectiveness has been limited. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for multi-faceted interventions that adopt a gender-sensitive approach. Policymakers, civil society, and all other stakeholders must collaborate to address the root causes of these disparities, including societal norms and economic barriers, to foster a more equitable society. https://ijels.com/detail/gender-disparity-in-education-and-health-in-india-a-comprehensive-analysis/ Dr. Susmita Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-10120229-Gender.pdf