https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usOctober 7 Consumer protection is a matter that becomes a polemic in improving the quality of companies or businesses carried out by business actors or producers. In terms of consumer protection, apart from improving and advancing the people's economy, it is also a manifestation of promoting good law enforcement. Currently, there are still many producers who do not pay attention to even the lack of concern for the rights of consumers or customers. Whereas the progress of a business entity established by business actors or producers cannot be separated from the interests of consumers or customers in it. An important key word to ensure that a consumer protection legal event has occurred is whether or not "consumers" are involved in it. If there is no consumer in a legal relationship, it can be ascertained that the legal area is not the field of consumer protection law. Problem Formulation What are the causes of violations of consumer protection in Indonesia, How is the process of resolving consumer disputes based on Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The research method is in order to explain all the activities carried out in order to explain and or to answer the main problem. The specification of the research is normative legal research. Normative legal research, namely legal research using secondary data sources. There are several factors that cause consumer disputes, namely: Ignorance of consumers and business actors on their rights and obligations, low socialization of Law number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection from the government to the community. The process of resolving consumer disputes in Indonesia is based on law number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection in two ways, namely: by non-litigation (outside the court) and by litigation. https://ijels.com/detail/juridic-review-on-consumer-protection-based-on-law-number-8-of-1999-concerning-consumer-protection/ Rahmat Suhargon, Faulia Anggeraini https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-108202143-JuridicReview.pdf The main motive of this paper is to draw a strong analytic study of Shakespeare’s phenomenal masterpiece of drama and challenge the preoccupied notions of conventionality regarding the fluidity of drama as a genre in comparison to novel’s superiority with reference to Bakhtin’s two of the most quintessential modern texts that led to the deeper study of the literary evolution of novel along with the ground-breaking linguistic observations in literature. https://ijels.com/detail/studying-macbeth-through-the-lens-of-bakhtin-w-r-t-bakhtin-s-epic-and-novel-and-the-problem-of-speech-genres/ Arnab Das https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-108202136-Studying.pdf The Middle Ages were looked back by Victorian artists such as the Pre-Raphaelites. The period inspired many authors and artists of the time to embed morality within their works. Pre-Raphaelitism had a direct reference to both art and literature, including poetry and paintings, in the nineteenth-century England. Early literary works highly inspired the Pre-Raphaelite painters and writers who depicted their portraits from medieval sources. This paper focuses on modern medieval literary works and arts by Victorian writers and painters including Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Everett Millais whose fascination with the Middle Ages as a period in history was expressed in their attempts to revive the values that characterized medieval world. Medieval resources were utilized to escape from the chaos and disorder of Victorian industrial society and to preserve the moral ideals of the traditional English values and norms. https://ijels.com/detail/victorian-medievalism-in-pre-raphaelite-art-and-representations-of-gender/ Sana Ayed Chebil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-108202134-Victorian.pdf Smarthavicharam is a ritually sanctioned procedure of ostracizing an accused women from her Namboodiri community for sexual offences based on sankarasmrithi. With this article I would like to put forth the argument that the world hasn't moved much forward from the old smarthavicharam since the recent cases like the then celebrities swapna and saritha are the best examples. The cases won't be different in the future too. https://ijels.com/detail/re-reading-smarthavicharam/ Vandhana Nair N https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-108202144-Re-Reading.pdf Our study aims to reflect on the existing possibilities and limits to pedagogical practices developed in the prison space. Education is a social right, enacted and legally guaranteed in international and national provisions. These provisions foresee the offer of an education of a popular nature, as principles of human emancipation and autonomy under specific pedagogical practices for people deprived of their liberty. Under this prism, punishing and rehabilitating are the main objectives of the prison system, but the imperatives of the punishment end up overlapping with education and this dual goal that is expected of incarceration denounces contradictions in the organization of prisons. In this study, we used qualitative research under the perspective of Bogdan and Biklen (1994); bibliographical revision involved works already published during the latest five years in digital platforms of databases for scientifical works that were related to the descriptors (education practices; liberty deprived; difficulties; possibilities), which were combined between each other via Boolean operator “AND”. We observed the right to education for liberty deprived persons in several legal provisions; however, the effectivity of the existing pedagogical practices presents possibilities and limitations regarding the disinterest of society that has an influential look at prison schools, and also due to the lack of autonomy of teachers in prison schools, lack of school support, the non-recognition of the importance of education by other professionals, as well as the precariousness of the physical structure. https://ijels.com/detail/educational-practice-at-the-prison-system-as-a-guarantee-of-the-right-to-education-for-convicts-possibilities-and-limits/ Ênnio Santos Barros, Leidiane Sousa Lima Fernandes, Clara Weinna Moura Dantas, Ilma Maria de Oliveira Silva, Carlos André Sousa Dublant, Francisca Morais da Silveira https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-108202135-Educational.pdf This paper seeks to analyze the mediums and effects of voice and silence in the life of a female character in the famous Victorian novel, Jane Eyre. This minor characterthat has been termed ‘mad’, ‘crazy’, and ‘violent’, and even though is absolutely essential to the plot, has no representation of her own. Bertha Mason, otherwise known as the ‘Mad woman’ is a typical representation of a woman as a victim of both patriarchy and colonialism. By analyzing the character of Bertha as a victim of social standards, followed byJean Rhys’ portrayal of her in her postcolonial work Wide Sargasso Sea, we are able to discover the subaltern voice of Bertha Mason. This research attempts to explore the inequitable portrayal of Bertha through re-thinking of her not as a madwoman but as a victim and ultimately comprehending the entirety of her madness. The method of investigation for this research is analytical and descriptive. https://ijels.com/detail/bertha-mason-the-mad-woman-in-the-attic-a-subaltern-voice/ Pradnya Bhawar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-10920213-Bertha.pdf In the last few decades, postmodern thinking has transformed critical engagement with, the matters of social, literary and artistic “knowledge” across a variety of disciplines, from literary studies and the creative arts to essential areas of philosophy, Feminism and many other fields. This article discusses the intersection between postmodern thought concerning the construction of the subject and feminist notions of an authentic female ontology that is not wholly dependent on patriarchal and imperialistic “writings” of women. (It also suggests that the earlier feminist exploration of the female patriarchal subject may even have been the forerunner of notions of the postmodern constructed “self”.) https://ijels.com/detail/the-feminist-postmodern-ontology-the-case-of-marianne-wiggins-john-dollar/ Dr. Hazmah Ali AI-Harshan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-109202119-TheFeminist.pdf Learning in Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 is plotted to integrate the use of technology and information optimally. The optimal use of technology and information is intended to develop students’ critical thinking skills. However, it is known that the use of media in economics learning in high school is still not optimal, so students' critical thinking skills are not optimally developed. This study aims to examine the impact of the use of adobe flash media in improving students' critical thinking skills. The study employed the quasi-experimental research method, and cluster random sampling is used to determine the experimental group and the control group. The results of this study demonstrate that adobe flash media has a significant effect on increasing students' critical thinking skills in economic learning. It is indicated by the acquisition of t = 0, 000 with a significance level of https://ijels.com/detail/the-impact-of-adobe-flash-media-on-increasing-students-critical-thinking-ability/ Elma Ayu Nur Fandini, Siswandari, Kristiani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-109202120-TheImpact.pdf The research sought to investigate prepositional errors on English usage. There has been a big outcry in the field of English language learning about the falling levels of proficiency in English among students, particularly in upper primary level. This problem was attributed to inadequate mastery of linguistic skills and incomplete acquisition of English language. Therefore, the current paper investigated preposition errors as manifested in written compositions of upper primary learners. Prepositional rules in English language are inconsistent; that is certain prepositions can be applied in one form, but not in another. More so, prepositions are polysemous. Thus, learners often become frustrated when they have to determine prepositional meanings and when to use them appropriately. The research was guided by the following objectives; identifying prepositional related errors in learners' composition and describing the errors. The study applied Corder’s(1974, 1976) Error Analysis Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design in order to vividly describe various errors encountered in the usage of English prepositions. The target population was 52 primary schools,168 teachers of English, and 408 pupils from Public Primary Schools in Kieni-East Sub County in Nyeri County. Data was collected using interview guides for the teachers and composition test for pupils. The study showed four main prepositional errors; errors of omission, addition, substitution and misordering. The study concludes that prepositional errors are more of lexical errors since they affect the meaning of the entire sentence. Thus, the study recommends that learners should be taught rules of prepositions systematically and that a revision of course books should provide specific rules that may lead to proper acquisition of prepositions. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-prepositional-related-errors-in-english-composition-of-upper-primary-learners-in-kieni-east-sub-county-in-nyeri-county/ Rosepaulah Wairimu, Dr. Beth Njeri Ngugi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-10920214-AnAnalysis.pdf Forster’s masterpiece work, ‘A Passage to India’ gives the description of the scene of society in India under the British rule. Clashes between East and West cultures and the prejudiced misunderstandings in this novel are worth mentioning. There is criticism for anti-British in inaccurate bias but praised for a good character study of Indians by the writer. Forster is certainly influenced by English social and cultural circumstances but he depicts, sympathy and judgement, the complicated oriental reaction to British rule in India and reveals the conflict of temperament and tradition involved in the relationship. https://ijels.com/detail/a-critical-analysis-of-the-novel-a-passage-to-india-by-e-m-forster/ Nidhi Singh Chauhan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-109202118-ACritical.pdf In this paper I have presented my arguments and views on the dissonance between the verse and the accompanying illustration by Blake in "The Tyger". This discrepancy which I call a “deliberate dissonance” has been discussed deeply in this paper with my interpretations along with the discussion of views of many august critics of Blake. I also present an argument called “the creation in front of the creator” which is my personal reading pointing towards the image being perhaps an incomplete one as “a deliberate error” by Blake to intensify the mysticism in his work. Hence, we will witness throughout this paper how “The Tyger” can be read and seen in various symbolistic ways as one of the masterpieces in British Romantic Literature. https://ijels.com/detail/theorizing-the-discrepancy-between-the-verse-and-the-visual-in-william-blake-s-the-tyger/ Soumya Jain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-109202124-Theorizing.pdf Human Civilization has gone through many stages of drastic changes to be in the present form. Some were productive, while others were catastrophic. But still, humans as a species survived and flourished on the surface of the earth. But the story doesn’t end here. In this process of change, there are many hurdles to be crossed. One such hurdle is the advent of diseases which soon took shape of a pandemic. History witnessed many such pandemic with heavy casualties. A pandemic of recent origin is COVID- 19, which has caused the whole world into a standstill and creates many cracks in many sectors of society. This research aims to find out the various clues regarding this outbreak in decades old poem The Waste Land by T.S.Eliot. https://ijels.com/detail/revisiting-t-s-eliot-s-the-waste-land-in-light-of-contemporary-society/ Prakash Philip https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-109202115-Revisiting.pdf The present research paper focuses on election succeeding tactics in Vikram Chandra's Sacred Games and Chetan Bhagat's Revolution 2020. A comparative study of both the writers has been made to reveal the tactics used to win elections in the modern age. Both writers represent the Indian contemporary world through their writings. Chandra has represented through Sacred Games the corrupt and criminal metropolitan city Mumbai. On the other hand, Bhagat gives an overview of Varanasi city through his Revolution 2020. Chandra and Bhagat have represented social evils prevailing in society through their fictional world. In their novels, both authors point out all those despicable issues which make modern contemporary society contemptible. Corruption has been prevailing in every field since immemorial times. The reality of the contemporary corrupt world has been disposed of threadbare through these novels. Political leaders and higher dignities are opportunistic use unethical means to fulfil their ambitions. Sacred Games is the collection of different interconnected stories which make us aware of every aspect of the contemporary world. Various examples have been presented in this novel, which is responsible for changes in society and manners. In Revolution 2020, Bhagat says increasing corruption in society is the outcome of malpractice, crime, political bankruptcy, and sins in the community. Chandra and Bhagat both have revealed the corruption pervaded political departments. These political leaders follow evil ways to come into power. Even they can go to any extent to fuel their ambitions. In these author's opinion, politics is only for criminals only to get success in winning the election. Thus, we see these both authors have given a realistic view of election in their novels. https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparative-evaluation-of-election-succeeding-tactics-in-vikram-chandra-s-sacred-games-and-chetan-bhagat-s-revolution-2020/ Ms. Geeta Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-109202122-Acomparative.pdf This article aims to apply the concept of characteristics of magical realism proposed by Wendy B. Faris and the theory of adolescent psychology by Dr. Arthur T. Jersild in the novel A Monster Calls to categorize the novel as a magical realism, also to analyze and discuss the psychological connection between two dominant characters in the novel, Conor and The Monster. The research is an amalgamation of objective or structural study to describe each characteristic of magical realism found in the text and adolescent psychology study as extrinsic approach to explain any discrepancy. It is inferred that the novel A Monster Calls belongs to a magical realism according to the findings as it contains all five characteristics suggested by Faris. A discrepancy is found in one aspect regarding the ‘realness’ of The Monster as the irreducible element which shows that the character is only visible for Conor. It is then explained through the eye of psychology, resulting in a very strong relationship between it and Conor which gives an understanding that they are, in fact, one character. The discrepancy found in the character of The Monster shows that The Monster is Conor’s own alter ego. https://ijels.com/detail/a-concept-of-characteristics-of-magical-realism-in-patrick-ness-a-monster-calls-a-merger-of-objective-and-adolescent-psychological-approach/ Aghnia Kamilia Ulfa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-109202116-AConcept.pdf The paper reflects on fish as cuisine, medicine and commercial good following a 2010 travelogue by Samanth Subramanian. It argues how the peripheral socio-cultural space has evidently a long historical legacy despite the technological changes in the country creating a space on its own. It highlights slow food of the coastal areas as opposed to globalised consumerist consumptions of the metros. Globalisation has changed food cultures of India in addition to making resources available at all times irrespective of the specific seasonal bearings. https://ijels.com/detail/food-culture-and-a-travelogue-nine-fishy-tales-of-samanth-subramanian-s-following-fish/ Farddina Hussain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-109202131-Foodculture.pdf The article aims to analyze the practices of teaching English language with the mediation of digital technologies in the exceptional context of remote teaching in times of COVID-19 Pandemic. Teachers, who work in Elementary School – Final Years of a private school, located in south of Brazil, participated in the study case. The questionnaire answers, available online through Google Forms tool, were categorized based on Content Analysis Technique. The main results of the study are: the flexibility to adapt to demands of remote English language teaching; the change in teachers’ conceptions and in the use of digital technologies in pedagogical practice; the importance of caring for the emotional dimension and individual monitoring; continuity in the use of digital tools in the resumption of classroom classes, and the need for continuing education for teachers. https://ijels.com/detail/teaching-english-language-with-the-mediation-of-digital-technologies-in-the-context-of-remote-education-in-times-of-pandemic/ Marina Camargo Mincato, Raquel Mignoni de Oliveira, Roberto Carlos Ramos https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-109202129-Teaching.pdf The present study aims to bring out the gender roles through the work of Judith Butler’s “Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.” How “Gender” is defined and what it signifies. The objective of the study is to bring forth the gender coding, decoding, and recoding. To understand the masculine and feminine aspect of gender along with performativity and embodiment. Therefore, it is an attempt to understand the hype behind “Gender.” Hence through systematic study, it aims to raise the question of importance of a gender where women as a “Gender is negligible” and yet plays a significant role in understanding the Gender roles. https://ijels.com/detail/understanding-gender-roles-masculine-and-feminine/ Vishakha Deshwal, Dr. A.S. Rao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-109202130-Understanding.pdf The translation process has thousands of years of history. Similarly, there is a long history of curiosity about the process. All communications are translations and translation history can be traced back to the days of the primitive life struggle. Translation has become an integral part and it is the most happening in several sectors like Universities, academies, publishing houses, government, and private organizations. Translations are becoming more and more diligent in translation studies and publications. There is an increasing number of articles and essays on it. All these types of study activities involve in the search for its needs, principles, and definitions of translation. https://ijels.com/detail/the-nexus-of-life-in-modern-poetry-the-need-and-its-expression/ Dr. Priyanka M.G. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-109202117-TheNexus.pdf New technologies refer to two emerging as well as booming concepts like Green technology and Green Marketing.Green technology means the technology which is environmentally friendly developed and used in such a way so that it does not disturb our environment and conserve natural resources. Green technology is referred to as environmental technology and clean technology. Unlike the technological ways in recent decades green technology is almost material science-based. Relying on the availability of alternative sources of energy. https://ijels.com/detail/exciting-new-technologies-for-a-green-future/ Dr. Priyanka M.G. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-10920219-Exciting.pdf Our This article aims to approach the pedagogical practice combined with the use of technology in the construction of teaching knowledge of present times. To that effect, we will conduct a reflection on the teaching work, that is: how education professionals are reinventing themselves to meet the demands during the pandemic of covid-19, and particularly how teachers are developing their educational practices in this new format of remote classes through digital platforms. This because, with the pandemic, face-to-face classes were suspended for all school systems, be them public or private, municipal, state or federal. Social isolation was one of the safety measures adopted as a way to avoid contamination. In this sense, it is necessary that the teacher seeks new skills to meet the demand in their daily practices with their students, identifying the advantages and possible difficulties during the development of teaching learning, from the use of these new technological tools, such as: mobile phones, laptops, the internet, among others. With this, they demonstrate how the novel technologies have required for teachers to seek training, to adapt themselves to the development of the current skills and abilities that this moment demands, and thus advance in the construction of knowledge as a mediator of pedagogical practice in the era of information technology in a delicate moment of pandemic. https://ijels.com/detail/the-pedagogical-practice-and-the-use-of-technology-during-the-construction-of-knowledge-in-the-present-days/ Francisco de Assis de Carvalho Almada, Francisca Morais da Silveira, Herli de Sousa Carvalho, Ilma Maria de Oliveira Silva, Maria Zilma Rodrigues Silva, Paula Alexandra Trindade Mota https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-109202132-ThePedagogical.pdf An age of universal commodification has created a culture based on excess. The world is going through a heightened phase of multinational capitalism. Capitalism produces desires in the masses according to the needs of production. The new modes of communication have intensified the process of commodification. The individual tends to have less value than the commodity. The body itself has to bear the signs of the consumer culture. The masses get weighed down by the system of images that constitute the simulacrum. All areas of intellectual activity become pervaded by historical, ideological and philosophical indeterminacy. Dehumanisationand fragmentation have become rampant in all realms of human activity.This condition of culture gets reflected in the literary text which becomes aprime source of excess. https://ijels.com/detail/the-culture-of-excess-in-the-postmodern-world/ Vinod Gopi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-109202133-TheCulture.pdf This paper attempts to explain the power of Men and Animal in Ted Hughes’ poetry, and find out a particular vision and modern concept of Ted Hughes. Hughes's poetry bears a stamp of originality and a particular observation, an expression of his own in it. Ted Hughes's poetic mission has always been to open our eyes to the power and mystery of the universe we inhabit. The article analysis the poetry of Ted Hughes that reflects man enlightenment from animals. https://ijels.com/detail/ted-hughes-and-his-poetry/ Dr. N. M. Shah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-109202138-TedHughes.pdf Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face learning engagement of students and the teachers in the school has been suspended. This pandemic has paved the way to the implementation of the different distance learning modalities as urgent response to ensure safety of the students and continuity of education. Equity in education means, granting educational opportunities to anyone on equal basis; disregarding of the nationality, gender, ideological differences or mental and physical disabilities. Thus, having equity in online learning is ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Online learning has merits and demerits. Online learning is efficient, affordable, and flexible. It can also suit various learning styles as a learning delivery modality. Online learning also has positive and negative implication to the values and ethics of the learners. Some of the positive implication to learners’ values is having persistence, self-discipline, and respect while having online learning. On the other hand, there is also a negative implication to learners’ values like online academic fraud. Equity in online learning in the Philippines is still in progress because not all learners can have a good internet connectivity, a device to use and technological literacy. It calls for all teachers to be trained in teaching online with equity issues part of the training. This paper strongly supports the need for online learning in the times of crisis, but suggests that it must done professionally and with equity. https://ijels.com/detail/equity-in-online-learning-amidst-pandemic-in-the-philippines/ Maria Angela S. Esteron https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-109202148-Equityin.pdf This qualitative research study used the semi-structured interviews and classroom observations in exploring the challenges faced by novice English language instructors in University A. These qualitative methods have provided the author the means of capturing the participants’ experiences and actual teaching performance. Participants were chosen from among five newly employed English instructors. The findings revealed that majority of the participants used constructivist, communicative language teaching, and performance-based strategies in their classes. This can be explained by their educational background, as the majority of them have a master's degree. This is also attributed to their previous teaching experience and the pedagogical seminars and training they have attended. Four primary challenges surfaced as having an effect on the participants’ efficiency to teach. These factors include leaners’ individual differences, availability of instructional materials, class size, and various school activities, which disrupt classes. More specifically, the participants disclosed that the learners’ attitudes toward the subject and their studies interests and capacity to learn greatly affect their instructional strategy. They also revealed that having big class size (40 or more students) is not desirable for language courses. https://ijels.com/detail/challenges-faced-by-novice-english-language-instructors-in-the-application-of-their-teaching-strategies-a-case-study-of-university-a/ Jondy M. Arpilleda https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-109202137-Challenges.pdf The research article deals with the socio-economic status of Badi community and consciousness in them. Basically, it critically analyses the content, context and plots of the text from the perspective of Marxist concept of class consciousness. The research explores that Badi community would not have any sources of regular income; so as, they were compelled to involve in prostitution few decades back. They would be exploited sexually by the then local feudal and clients; instead, they would get certain monetary wages and goods for their survivals.It also explored that the community would consider the profession (as sex workers) as their karma and dharma; and, nobody would prohibit them from involving in the profession. The caste system upon them was also rampant at that time; and, they were socio-economically and politically oppressed, discriminated, exploited and prohibited from the social activities and public practices. The research shows the terrible and panic situation of Badi girls/women due to the multi-layers of exploitations based on the primary text Ailani by Bibek Ojha. The researcher employs the qualitative approach with exploratory method in the research. https://ijels.com/detail/socio-economic-status-of-badi-women-and-class-consciousness-in-bibek-ojha-s-ailani/ Rudra Bahadur Charmakar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-109202149-Socio-economic.pdf Raja Rao, one of the trios of the Indo-Anglican novelists the other two are Mulk Raj Anand, R K Narayan,had the power to intermingle or associate actual fact with fiction in order to give Indian Literature a new form of writing.This form is also found in 19th century literature in the works of Jules Michelet- “The History de la Revolution” and Balzac’s“Les Chouans”. And this style of the fusion of factual and fictional is clearly evident in Raja Rao’s first novel, Kanthapura (1938) where the reader can have the contemporary political event with the twist of mythical stories. Raja Rao consciously uses ancient mythological motifs as a technique of narration in the manner of modern English writers like T.S. Eliot, W.B. Yeats and others. Kanthapura is a novel dealing with the impact of the Gandhian freedom struggle movement on a remote south Indian village of that name. What happened in Kanthapura was also happened in India during the freedom struggle movement. The novel can be considereded as a Gandhi myth as Gandhi’s influential personality is felt everywhere in the novel. Indeed, Gandhi does not appear personally but the plot revolves around his ideology. This work ‘Gandhi myth in Kanthapura: Co-Mingling of fact and fiction’ attempts to show how Kanthapura becomes an epitome of Gandhi myth through the association of fact and fiction. https://ijels.com/detail/gandhi-myth-in-kanthapura-co-mingling-of-fact-and-fiction/ Najma Khatun https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-11020212-Gandhi.pdf Salman Rushdie’s “The Midnight’s Children” is a work that has been the focus of interdisciplinary studies for decades now. It has achieved the status of a cornerstone in studying, analysing, and understanding the concepts of Post-Colonialism, Magic Realism, and Identity through different perspectives. It still remains a work that captivates the attention of researchers because of the multifarious ideas placed subtly within the work. The aim of my paper is to study the aspect of liminality in Salman Rushdie’s “The Midnight’s Children”. Liminality is an anthropological term that refers to a tumultuous phase between two major events, in this case, the events of Independence and Partition. Rushdie’s narrative technique in his masterpiece has introduced an alternative to chronological narration and has been accepted by post-colonial writers grappling with issues of identity and memory. In my paper, I have studied how Rushdie’s fragmented narration highlights the issues of diasporic writers in their works. https://ijels.com/detail/the-liminal-space-in-salman-rushdie-s-the-midnight-s-children/ Konika Mukherjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-11020214-TheLiminal.pdf In contrast to a study by Virginia Yeung of Haruki Murakami’s novel 1Q84, by analysing how it has “manipulated embedding to strengthen his themes and to create a complex novel world”, this paper discusses the realistic and the speculative elements in his Kafka on the Shore (426). Itattempts to pinpoint in the novelthe elements or “spots of time”, as it were, where the demarcation between what is real and what is magical fades away (Wordsworth 208-18). Adding to her conclusion of Julie Wittes Schlack’s review of the novel, she suggests that “Murakami creates a magical reality in which past and present, dreams and reality merge like the sides of a Mbius strip". However, in this book, Murakami expands his reach by dipping into Greek mythology, personal and national identity, Christianity, and literary criticism". The article also demonstrateshow the blending or mixing of the two genres, the realistic and the magical, provides the main characters with new perspectives fortheir lives, the people they encounter, and the world they inhabit (2005). https://ijels.com/detail/juxtaposing-the-realistic-and-the-speculative-elements-in-haruki-murakami-s-kafka-on-the-shore/ Rameez Ahmad Bhat https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-11020218-Juxtaposing.pdf Female is nearly half of the world’s population having mammoth potential however being under-utilized for the economic development of the nation. The main objective of the paper is to analysis the socio-economic factors affecting the female employment in the unorganized sector with special reference to Uttar Pradesh. There are many socio-economic factors that affect female employment such as- marital status, family backgrounds, education, thinking of neighbor and relative etc. These factors affect in both way direct and indirect ways. Primary data is taken in this research paper to analysis the comparative study between Meerut district and Unnao district in Uttar Pradesh. The data is analysis through descriptive statistics to find out the authentic result. https://ijels.com/detail/factors-affecting-performance-of-female-employment-in-uttar-pradesh/ Dr. Arvind Kumar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-11020217-FactorsAffecting.pdf The present research paper studies the treatment of the subaltern and issues of racism in Toni Morrison’s Jazz. It goes into various categories of the subaltern as the various forms of subalternity, the novelist depicts in her novel. This paper explores the conditions that determine the status and situations of each form and category of the subalternity and racism portrayed in the novel. The subaltern and racism in the novel is all about the Afro - Americans who suffer pangs of being African by origin and American by virtue of living. Moreover, there are categories of the subaltern within Afro - American community and those who are not blacks. The novel portrays how Afro - American women, under the white duress, suffer at different levels. It is also a product of slavery, segregation, poverty, and deprive of a franchise. https://ijels.com/detail/the-subaltern-and-racism-in-toni-morrison-s-jazz-a-study/ Dr. Sudhir P Mathpati https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-11020216-TheSubaltern.pdf Salman Rushdie has maintained a lasting presence in the world of literature for a considerable span of over forty years and continues to enjoy a global celebrity status even today. His most characteristic trait as a novelist has been inventive experimentation with narrative strategies and literary devices, something that intrigues literary scholars and general readers alike. This article critically examines ten novels by Salman Rushdie (Grimus, Midnight’s Children, Shame, Haroun and the Sea of Stories, The Moor’s Last Sigh, The Ground Beneath Her Feet, Fury, Shalimar the Clown, The Enchantress of Florence, Luka and the Fire of Life) with the objective of tracing the experimental narrative strategies employed in each of these and the impact created by them upon the narrative. Further, the paper also reflects upon the correlations between Rushdie’s convictions as a writer (including his individual world-view, sensibility and vision) and the specific narrative strategies devised by him to weave his fictional yarns. https://ijels.com/detail/re-visiting-rushdie-s-fictional-oeuvre-an-overview-of-his-experimental-narrative-strategies-that-have-charmed-readers-worldwide/ Dr. Yash Deep Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-110202112-Re-Visiting.pdf For students to become critical, creative, and engage in problem solving, teachers’ role is critical. A teacher is required to implement higher order thinking skills activities in the class. The study focused on science teachers’ understanding of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in teaching and learning science. A mixed methods approach was adopted for the study. Data collected from survey questionnaires, classroom observation, interviews and documents analysis were analysed based on descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. A total of 14 teachers participated in the study. The findings showed that most of the science teachers have clear understanding of HOTS. Further, implementation of HOTs requires activity-based teaching approach but approaches used were mostly lecture method with a few group discussion and clarification of doubts in teaching science. Some of the challenges teachers face in implementing HOTS were time constraint, language barrier and terminologies used in science textbooks currently in use in schools. The study recommends teachers to use appropriate activity-based teaching approach to implement HOTs activities. It is also recommended to carry out a study to find the correlation between HOTS and academic performance of students. https://ijels.com/detail/science-teachers-understanding-of-higher-order-thinking-skills/ Karma Cheda, Karma Utha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-10920211-Science.pdf The aim of this article, which falls within the framework of interactional discourse analysis, is to highlight the question of the construction of ethos in radio discourse. To do this, we choose to analyze the speech of the consultant Mamoun Mubarak Dribi, the permanent guest of the program / bi-kul wuduH / (In all clarity), broadcast on Medradio. Thus, during this study, we will examine the linguistic clues and the discursive strategies that the consultant implements in this program in order to convince / persuade his audience. https://ijels.com/detail/the-construction-of-the-ethos-in-private-radios-in-morocco-the-case-of-medradio/ Mohammed Amine El Iraqi
 https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-11020211-Theconstruction.pdf Black Leopard, Red Wolf is a beautiful fantasy novel that explores African mythology like never before. Away from the Caucasian fairy tale characters and mythology, the novel had set the bar high for all of the writer Marlon James's future endeavours and all of the other fantasy writers who are yet to breathe life into the literary world. Fantasy, as a genre, has been high on demand since the end of the 20th century, and the novel utilises every literary element to drive the reader through a rollercoaster ride while engaged in the reading process. Marlon James has high expectations from his readers worldwide, which he truly met in his first book of the ‘Dark Start Trilogy’. In the research paper, the researcher analyses the theme of truth present in the storey and the history behind the conception of the novel. The paper analyses the deep emotions associated with truth as a theme and sheds light on the ways truth manifests itself in various forms in the story. There are times when the theme of truth was not directly apparent, but when analysed from a psychological and spiritual view point, the lines give away their participation in building up the theme of truth very clearly. Such is the discussion style of the paper, which will unravel various aspects of the truth inside the novel. https://ijels.com/detail/questioning-the-established-truths-of-the-world-in-marlon-james-s-novel-black-leopard-red-wolf/ Mr. R. Balaiah, Dr. J. Mercy Vijetha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-11020219-Questioning.pdf Since Kurdistan is expanding, it is getting more economically strong, and it thus requires a large amount of cash to carry out various developmental tasks. Individual investors' investment behavior must be studied in order to find the reasons that encourage people to invest. This will allow idle savings to be channeled into investment, which will help to increase the amount of money available for investment among individuals. There are several factors that impact investment decisions. The fact that financiers hold a dominant position in the financial market is an unavoidable truth. The behavior of investors is not predictable. It varies from one job to another, as well as from one level of protection to another. The identification of the elements that impact investment decisions is therefore important. It is important to understand how individuals invest in the securities and other financial alternatives that are accessible in order to boost investment and create suitable theories and regulations. https://ijels.com/detail/factors-affecting-the-quality-of-financial-statements-on-investment-decision-making/ Bayar Gardi, Pshdar Abdalla Hamza, Khowanas Saeed Qader, Hawkar Anwar Hamad, Dr. Govand Anwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-110202134-Factorsaffecting.pdf This paper explores the use of euphemisms in the corruption vocabulary of Bamanankan language in Malian higher education. Research in the Malian context has paid little attention to the phenomenon. So this investigation is conducted to unveil corruption euphemisms among the Malian academic community. The study combines Goffman’s (1972) Face Work Theory and Brown and Levinson’s (1978, 1987) Politeness Theory. The qualitative method has been advocated for data collection and analysis. The findings have revealed seven euphemism typologies according to gender, the social status and occupation of the people involved. They have equally uncovered that Bamanankan is the preferred language for using those euphemisms for all the research participants. https://ijels.com/detail/investigating-bamanankan-corruption-euphemisms-among-the-malian-academic-community/ Mohamed Minkailou, Moulaye Kone https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-110202143-Investigating.pdf The aim of the study was to identify the misconceptions on floating and sinking amongst the Bhutanese students of grade IX, examined the strategies to remedy and eliminate these misconceptions. A total of 15 ninth grade students participated in the study. The study employed quantitative approach using two-tier diagnostic test. The study found that participants had misconceptions on floating and sinking of an object. The participants directly link weight and volume of an object to its floatation and sinking. However, most of the misconceptions on floating and sinking of object were cleared after having an intervention by using group activity-based questioning and learning. The study also found that the diagnostic items designed to identify students’ misconceptions and classroom activities designed to treat those misconceptions were effective and efficient. So, similar approaches can be taken to address common misconceptions and help students to establish scientific conceptions in other content areas of science education. Further, the present study focused had only few participants, a study may be carried out by using more sample size to get a deep understanding of the subject. https://ijels.com/detail/misconception-on-floating-and-sinking/ Ugyen Dorji https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-110202118-Misconception.pdf This article examines as to how humanism is in crisis in modern times caused by the growing individualism, materialism, conformism, manipulation and the primacy of technology in human life. Invoking the Agambenian idea of “biopower”, Foucauldian concept of “panopticon” and the critical concept, “modernist irony”, this paper argues that the mentioned poem uses irony to expose and criticize the modern states’ panoptical surveillance and biopolitical control of their own citizens. When the citizens are alive they are used as functional bodies to operate in accordance with the requirement to the bureaucratic institutions but after their death, they are simply reduced into numbers disregarding their specific human character traits such as love, self-awareness, consideration, creativity, reliability, spirituality, etc. It is in this sense, the claims and commitments of modern states doing things for social, political, economic, intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being of citizens are mere illusion and deception. https://ijels.com/detail/humanism-in-crisis-ironizing-panopticism-and-biopower-in-w-h-auden-s-the-unknown-citizen/ Uttam Poudel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-110202110-Humanism.pdf Literature has always represented society in one form or another because writers are the sensitive souls of the society who are affected by the slightest possible change in their surroundings. These changes get reflected through their works and many times these sound discordant and distressing notes on the behalf of a certain section of the society. This paper deals with Indian literature especially focuses on Indian Diasporic writer Rohinton Mistry who represents the realistic picture of the Parsi religious community as a minority in India. Most of his concerns are devoted towards the preservation of the Parsi Community which is fast moving towards its extinction. And the present paper provides authentic and scholarly insights into Zoroastrian’s faith, beliefs, values, customs, rituals and a brief history of Zoroastrianism in light of Rohinton Mistry’s fiction. His concerns for the socially downtrodden and socially marginalized have found genuine representation in his works like—Such a Long Journey, A Fine Balance and Family Matters. How these races and communities survive during the periods of intense anarchy will be the topic of discussion of this paper. https://ijels.com/detail/portrayal-of-the-hindu-parsi-zoroastrian-community-conflicts-in-india-through-rohinton-mistry-s-novels/ Mr. A. Yogaraj, Dr. Mrs. M. Kavitha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-110202127-Portrayal.pdf Literature of the Oppressed is replete with exercises in subjectivity. The present paper is an attempt to read Maya Angelo’s ‘Phenomenal Woman’ in the background of theories on gender, body and gaze and examine how Angelo alters the aforesaid theoretical canons and embraces marginality. As Angelo embraces her marginality, she celebrates ‘I’ness of her soul and in the process records the way she experiences her body and how others perceive her body. https://ijels.com/detail/embracing-marginality-a-reading-of-maya-angelo-s-phenomenal-woman/ Veenalekshmi UR https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-110202119-Embracing.pdf Women become prey to the double-edged sword of patriarchy and the cultural norms imposed on them, owing to their gender. In process, women are rendered voiceless and often the ‘self’ of women remains muted. Further, if a woman is a widow, she is as good as a dead person, and her existence hardly matters in a patriarchal milieu. Making the matters worse for women are various restrictions imposed on widows, especially if they belong to upper castes. The widows are expected to follow various rituals, particularly those related to food. Often widows are required to adhere to stringent food norms and abstain from eating various foods.Facing such challenges in life, while asserting her ‘self’ to create a new identity for herself towards the end of her life is the protagonist Rukmini, who is a widow in the short story “Remains of the Feast” by Geetha Hariharan. Rukmini, a Brahmin widow demands food that she is forbidden to eat all through her life as a widow, when she is on her deathbed. With the help of her great granddaughter Ratna, she subverts the norms of patriarchy by eating the tabooed food. The present paper argues that food becomes a metaphor for craving –craving for eating tabooed food and also craving for wielding power through food and thereby challenging the norms of patriarchy imposed on women. Further, the women characters in the short story assert themselves through food and create a new identity for themselves, while discovering their new self. https://ijels.com/detail/self-revival-through-food-in-geetha-hariharan-s-remains-of-the-feast/ Roopashree U https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-110202144-Self-revival.pdf This study mainly explored the use of Discourse Markers (DMs) in journalistic writings and the factors that prompted the BSED English students of CVSC Maragusan to commit errors. This study employed the qualitative research. Ten (10) informants were part of the writing assessment and phone interview and were chosen through purposive sampling. For ethical considerations, this study underwent an ethics review before the data were gathered. Furthermore, to adhere to the Data Privacy Act, the identity of the respondents was held confidential. The Coding and thematic analysis were used in data analysis. The study's findings revealed that students have limited knowledge about DMs and their functions in basic writing. Additionally, the limited knowledge about DMs are the factors that prompted the respondents to commit errors in using the DMs in their journalistic writings. These findings imply that students should be taught more about the DMs, their types, and their proper usage in writing. With this, the incorporation of the DMs in the discussion should be given more attention, especially in writing class. https://ijels.com/detail/discourse-markers-in-journalism-a-case-in-compostela-valley-state-college-maragusan/ Kei Inansugan, Kethelle Sajonia, Nelson Pastolero https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-110202126-DiscourseMarkers.pdf 1.1 million Rohingya people, who have been subject to ethnic cleansing, systematic discrimination, and genocide for decades in the Rakhine state of Myanmar, are currently residing in Bangladesh. 55% of Rohingya people are made up of children and there is no question about the magnitude of these children’s healthcare problems. The host country Bangladesh is burdened with around 1.21 billion US dollars every year for maintaining the expenses of the Rohingya refugees which is huge for a developing country. As of the UNICEF report, the number of newborn Rohingya infants is more than 60 per day in the refugee camps of Bangladesh. Due to lack of adequate nutrition, vaccination of the infectious diseases, overcrowding, inadequate sanitary system, and lack of access to pure drinking water the infectious diseases are highly prevalent among these refugee children. These Rohingya children witnessed one of the world’s biggest diphtheria outbreaks. ARI and Diarrhea among children are alarmingly spreading that made the treatment of the diseases daunting. In this context, the paper focused on the possible reasons for the infectious diseases outbreak in the refugee camps and analyzed the role of the host government and NGOs in limiting their spread. This paper also focused on finding the possible initiates the host government and NGOs concerned can take to limit the death of Rohingya children in the camps. Secondary data has been used to conduct the research. https://ijels.com/detail/rohingya-infants-health-issue/ Md. Aslam Hossain Jony, Shiblee Nomani, Md. Tofajjel Hossain Tuhin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-109202126-Rohingya.pdf This study sought to examine the influence of school workplace condition on teachers’ job satisfaction in public secondary schools in Bukoba Rural District. It was guided by three research objectives namely: To find out teachers perceptions about the workplace standards to teacher’s job satisfaction in public secondary schools, to determine the contribution of school workplace standards on teachers’ job satisfaction in public secondary schools and the third objective was to identify strategies which can be adopted to improveworkplace standards so as to enhance teachers’ job satisfaction. The study employed a mixed research approach and convergent parallel research design. A total sample size of 100 participants was involved in the study. The participants were sampled through simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interviews were employed as the methods of data collection. Validity of research instruments was ensured by exposing them to the supervisor and panellists for analysis while questionnaires have a Cronbach’s Alpha correlation coefficient of 0.76 which means the instruments were reliable. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis respectively. The study found that poor workplace condition is experienced in the visited schools and therefore there is low level of job satisfaction among teachers in the visited schools. The results further reveal that poor workplace standards that are characterized with grievances among teachers, hostility among teachers, teachers living away from their spouse, poor relationship between teacher and supervisor, inadequate teacher housing and teachers health safety were reported to have the potential influence so that teachers can work in a healthy manner and hence their level of job satisfaction can increase. The study recommends that there should be effective and efficient policy framework that can motivate education stakeholders to participate in improving school workplace condition for teachers to work harmoniously and therefore may have high level of job satisfaction. https://ijels.com/detail/influence-of-school-workplace-condition-on-teachers-job-satisfaction-in-public-secondary-schools-in-bukoba-rural-district-in-kagera-region-tanzania/ Jenipher Modest, Daniel O. Onyango https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-110202120-Influence.pdf Climate Change is certainly one of the most pressing human problems of today. With rapid industrialization and rapid urbanization, in the era of climate change, deforestation is increasing significantly, resulting in rising global surface temperatures. Forests are one of the key natural factors that control and decide the climate, weather patterns, and quantity of carbon dioxide and deforestation of an area exuberates the survival of living organisms such as humans, plants, and animals. Because of Anthropocentrism, globalization and excessive commoditization, the earth, people, and climate were completely destroyed to the core. In order to rejuvenate and save the blue planet from these disasters there is a need or demand posed to consider nature and its well-being. The article primarily focuses on the process of emphasizing the ecosystem’s value through Deep Ecology in relation to Thomas Coraghessan Boyle’s satirical dystopian novel A Friend of the Earth, which takes place in the near future, where global warming has devastatingly impacted the environment. And the article also intends to project Boyle’s concern about environmental stewardship through the eco – warriors of the novel and his clarion call for his readers to save earth from imminent dangers. https://ijels.com/detail/deep-ecology-a-framework-for-sustainable-living-in-thomas-coraghessan-boyle-s-a-friend-of-the-earth/ S. Priya Dharsini https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-110202135-Deep.pdf The present paper explores the thematic concerns of the novel My God Is A Woman (2008) authored by the Indian writer and journalist Noor Zaheer. The plot of the novel is spread through almost four decades covering the life of a Muslim women, Safia Abbas Jafri. The novel opens with Safia’s marriage to Abbas Jafri, who transforms the young impressionable lady into a fierce and independent woman who could make her own decisions. The novel brilliantly explores several issue pertaining to the rights of Muslim women and compares it with the scriptural recommendations provided in the Qur’an. The author, Noor Zaheer, employs the voice of the narrator to expose the evils that plague orthodox Muslim families. It also focuses on the various regional practices that are condoned in the name of religion without actually being related to Islam. https://ijels.com/detail/my-god-is-a-woman-by-noor-zaheer-a-critical-analysis/ Dr. Shayequa Tanzeel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-11120211-MyGodIs.pdf Man, since time immemorial is in continual search for the essential quest of meaning and the ultimate reality of life which comes through self-actualization. Self-actualization is the basic need, the ultimate goal and a continual process of growth for human beings. Paulo Coelho, a Brazilian novelist, takes the human self as the central point to deal with the wider issues of the human enterprise. In his fictional world common human beings, not the epic heroes/heroines struggle to try to find the true meaning of life. His heroes are not defeated and heart broken by the bitter realities of life, but are the ones who take arms against all the oddities that life offers and resort to noble and seldom trodden paths in order to pursue and find treasures that lie un-explored within the human self. The present paper seeks to explore the self-actualized heroes of the two protagonists’ Santiago and Maria in his novels Alchemist and Eleven Minutes and provide us lessons on how to find the purpose and meaning of life. https://ijels.com/detail/the-self-actualized-protagonists-in-paulo-coehlo-s-the-alchemist-and-eleven-minutes/ Dr. Clara Bernadette Reshma, Fr Bibin J https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-110202124-TheSelf.pdf Malayalam cinema is one among the most loved and critically acclaimed traditions of cinema as it has showcased some of the classics of celluloid as well as could claim some of the best of talents in film makers. P. Padmarajan, the name is synonymous with the novel aesthetics of Malayalam cinema, a filmmaker, who blended romance and realism to create some of the most iconic Malayalam movies. Renowned as the avantgarde film maker, iconoclast and one among the most beloved directors of Malayalam cinema, Padmarajan’s tales were taken from life, raw and rustic; where pathos, love, lust, agony and loss formed the myriad formed the manifold hues, which set in a new cinematic tradition. https://ijels.com/detail/the-politics-and-poetics-of-visualizing-rains-and-romance-in-reel-and-real-worlds-an-analysis-of-p-padmarajan-s-thoovanathumbikal-as-an-adaptation/ Dr. Remya M.L. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-110202138-ThePolitics.pdf The writer whose works we discuss here in this article is Sudha Murty. She voices the ordinary people of our contemporary time. The writers who portray the New-Women characters in the past mostly showed the characters in the light of a rebel who swims opposite to the waves, completely disregarding the tradition, they are often shown as personalities who break their ties and responsibilities forever but these days we can see writers portraying a new-new-women characters, mostly married women who try to walk with both tradition as well as modernity. Often in fiction we see and discuss how work-life and domestic life collide for the male members of the society. Here in this article I am going deep into analyzing the nature of Married- New-Women characters drawn out by Mrs. Sudha Murty. The article will also discuss how the notion of self-sacrifice is exclusively attributed to a particular gender in Indian society. How they thrive through the difficult situations in life when they are implanted to a new atmosphere and how education becomes a source of strength to them is discussed here in this research article. https://ijels.com/detail/the-married-new-women-of-sudha-murty-s-novels-dollar-bahu-and-gentle-falls-the-bakula/ Gopika M S https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-110202136-TheMarried.pdf In this paper we shall evaluate the Underground Man from Notes from Underground in the light of Russian Serfdom mainly from the psychological (rational and consciousness), social, economic and sexual perspectives. Serfdom in Russia, even though was not absolute slavery but the serfs were controlled by the masters or the landlords. Notes from Underground was published in 1864 and Tsar Alexander II of Russia abolished Serfdom in 1861 however, the account of the events of his younger age which the Underground Man narrates at the age of forty was a time when Serfdom was very much prevailing in contemporary Russia. From Psychological and Social points of view, the Underground Man is constantly trying to defy the ideas of rationalism and that of a Utopian society painted by Chernyshevsky in his What is to be Done? where rationality and logic preponderate. This, is indeed an attempt on his part to escape from the control of reason and not be a serf to rational thinking. However, concomitantly he is bonded to his over-consciousness and we can acknowledge instances of this in the novella. He denies logic and asserts free will but he talks about pleasure in pain and even questions whether man is fond of suffering and the idea that surfaces here is that whether in opposing a Utopian society based on reason he is actually supporting the foundation stones of a Dystopian society. From an Economic perspective, he is a serf to the civil service job which he is not fond of and he actually detests his colleagues but he cannot resign from it for the economic support it provideseven if that is little. However, he reluctantly spends money even when he is economically poor at times and the question, we ask here is that is it an instance where he is trying to momentarily escape from the control and embrace the freedom, he does not consistently enjoy much like those serfs who escaped on their way to St Petersburg to build the new city under Tsar Peter the Great? From a sexual perspective, when in the initial stage of his conversation with Liza, he tries to construct before her a free world for her if she breaks herself free from her profession as sex worker and not be under the control of her customers. However, he shifts his focus and instructs her to get married and have children- married life has been a kind of oppression for numerous women and reproductivity is something which much later Simon De Beauvoir in her Second Sex terms as a form of ‘slavery’ for women. Therefore, is he trying to emancipate Liza or attempting to make her a serf in a different way? Underground, according to Christianity is where Satan along with his fellow Fallen Angels dwell. Satan rebelled against God and was banished to Hell and can be comprehended to be nothing less than a serf as he was doomed to reside forever in Hell and tied with it much like a serf who was tied to a land of the landlord. The question we therefore ask ourselves is that whether the Underground Man too was banished and compelled to retreat to the Underground because of his momentary attempts to escape control and enjoy freedom? https://ijels.com/detail/serfdom-in-tsarist-russia-and-the-underground-man/ Koyel Dasgupta, Rajarshi Mukherjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-110202137-Serfdomin.pdf Folklore encompasses the tradition, culture, knowledge and teachings of a particular community. It often carries within it the worldview of the people of that community. The paper attempts to investigate a particular folktale of the Oraons, a tribe originally inhabiting the Chhotanagpur plateau, on the eastern part of India. Due to the prejudiced notion of tribe in India and the world, folklore, though theoretically has been referred to as verbal art but practically it has still not been accorded the status of literature. An absolute and comprehensive understanding of folklore necessitates the study of the folk as well. The present paper attempts an analysis of the Oraon folktales within the ambit of the cultural life of the Oraons. The paper attempts to question the binaries of barbaric and civilized, primitive and advanced while exploring the indigenous consciousness through the folktale. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-indigenous-consciousness-a-critical-study-of-the-oraon-folktale-the-enchanted-mandolin/ Ms. Juhi Rose Vandana Minz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-110202132-Exploring.pdf Human relationships are determined by power structures which are erected on cultural, social, physical, economic or political basis. The man-woman relationship is considered as a hierarchical one placing the male at the supreme position and the female at the lowest, the weakest. Such a distinction is measured from both the gendered and the biological perspective. The patriarchal and patrilineal social structures throughout the world treat women as the recipient of male consent and relegate them towards the state of passivity, selflessness, caring and dependency. To legitimize these supposed situational perceptions about women; patriarchy installs different socio-cultural institutions among which motherhood is one. The reproductive power rather than the woman herself, is very essential for the man to continue his reign of manhood down through his descents for which female bodies are treated as nothing but some child bearing machines. This is done in such a neat and obvious manner that the woman herself doesn't realize the politicization and objectification of her own body. In fact, motherhood becomes and remains the only denominator of successful womanhood under a patriarchal regime. The Nigerian author Buchi Emecheta highlights all such issues concerning women in a tribal social background especially through the character of Nnu Ego. Nnu Ego who got dishonored due to her infertility in her first marriage, had to try her fate in a second marriage with someone she thought she would never have chosen as her husband. She was bestowed with motherhood with a good number of children. She even brought them up with all care and aspired to be happy at a successful completion of the mostly cherished motherhood. But, it appeared treacherous and a bitter outcome ruined all her hope and pride, thus a dismantling is done of the institution of motherhood making space for a line of questions aroused immediately against its legitimacy. This paper proposes to make a study of motherhood as a patriarchal institution or rather one patriarchal imposition that enables men to utilize female bodies for their own sake, thereby exploiting and silencing them. It will peep through the illusioned life of Nnu Ego for that sake as a victim of body politics in the consolidated institution of motherhood. Such a discussion will further help in understanding the myths lurking around motherhood and the female body in a male dominated society particularly in Africa and in the world as a whole. https://ijels.com/detail/tracing-female-subversion-in-buchi-emecheta-s-the-joys-of-motherhood-reading-motherhood-as-a-patriarchal-institution/ Himakshi Kashyap https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-110202125-Tracing.pdf The problem of the current research is to develop and instrument that will assess students’ conception on mathematical problem solving as a process and as to its characteristics as an activity in a classroom setting. A confirmatory factor analysis with Varimax rotation and elimination loadings were used in the validation of the pre-identified constructs which are problem solving as a process and problem solving as to its characteristics. There were 19-items retained in the first factor about students’ views on problem solving as a process and 17 items describing on students’ perception of mathematical problem solving as to its characteristics. The results of this study also need to be re-examined to determine if they can be replicated with other samples of students as well as adding factors and items that would measure students’ conception on mathematical problem solving. https://ijels.com/detail/mathematical-problems-solving-conception-maprosc-scale/ Dulce E. Catindoy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-110202122-Mathematical.pdf This paper explores some of the significant issues touched upon in two novels regarded as the seminal works in the tradition of the realistic mode: Adam Bede and Anna Karenina. The issues it deals with are history, gender and class. It starts by the claim that literature, here in the case of the novel, reflects, represents or imitates the reality or the world of which it is part and explores the way the three aspects have been incorporated in these novels. The idea here is to account for the fact that marginalisation of people in the Western Canon was based on gender, class, and colour. Countering the top-down vertical approach to literature it takes the bottom-up or subaltern perspective to explain the condition of women and working or peasant class in these novels. https://ijels.com/detail/history-gender-and-class-in-adam-bede-and-anna-karenina/ Rameez Ahmad Bhat https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-110202141-History.pdf Environment and current situation or thought a man finds himself at any time affect his psyche. The ancient Greeks associate psyche with Eros and both form the allegory of life. As love combines psyche and Eros, it links Oedipus complex and Electra complex to some forms of love such as ludus, mania or storge. The manifestation of this complex in Sons and Lovers is observed under the lens of psychoanalytic theory to pinpoint illustrations of desire for sexual involvement with any parent of opposite sex. The current research aims at enlightening the dangerous drawbacks linked to such a relationship between son and his mother. It is observed that the Oedipus complex qualifies Paul’s relationships with his mother and with other women mainly, Miriam and Clara. The Freudian theory and psychoanalytic theory will be used to analyze the issue on the protagonist Paul as well as on his mother Gertrude in Son and Lovers and other novels by DH Lawrence. https://ijels.com/detail/manifestation-of-oedipus-complex-in-dh-lawrence-s-works/ Ibrahim Yekini, Alidou Razakou Ibourahima Boro, Fayçal G. J. Adechokan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-110202117-Manifestation.pdf