https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usAugust 7 Focus and direction are the primary aspects of teaching and learning when you are dealing with young learners. The age demands it; however it is observed that it is the least important task they are persuaded to. Any task of learning requires well-defined steps of goal setting that eventually transcending them to their accomplishments. At the same time, consistent efforts in the direction of their set goals are the keys to their actual success of learning. When given a choice of attempting a particular task, like joining a Language and a Literature Club, it was observed that more than average number of learners had specific goals in being a part of each clubs. The present paper aims at studying the goal setting objectives of the young learners towards the learning process. It also presents the contributions of the learners thatwere instrumental in achieving their well-defined personal and profession goals. The study is based on Edward Locke’s Goal Setting Theory which postulates that people work better and harder and are motivated when they are inclined to achieve a particular target. https://ijels.com/detail/edward-locke-s-goal-setting-theory-five-principles-of-goal-setting-online-learning-moral-developmental-milestones-for-adolescents/ Dr. Mrs. Shraddha. A. Deshpande https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-106202146-Investigation.pdf Before the dawn of contemporary traditions, such as speculative fiction, literature and philosophy were predominantly anthropocentric. As, the utmost effort to dissect human existence did not wade further than rationalist endeavours at transcending the material self. Conversely, to counter-balance such anthropocentric and correlationist propensities, of excluding being to thinking, object-oriented ontologies resurfaced to redefine existential givens. In the seam of all this, branched by continental traditions, speculative realism and post-humanist art transpired in the hope of finding not just a middle ground that brings together both sides of contention, but a groundless space wherein subjects, objects and hopes for other enigmas defy the laws of definition, intelligibility and cognition. This paper will take on the debate surrounding subjectivity from the angle of contemporary fiction, chiefly among which, Claire Louise Bennett’s Pond, all while going through theoretical commentaries on concepts such as consciousness, unconsciousness and subjectivity in an attempt to answer certain questions, essential to the ongoing issue. https://ijels.com/detail/from-subjectivity-to-ineffability-post-humanist-reflections-on-pond/ Sameh Tamin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-10620218-From.pdf This paper discusses the culture-bound between Arabic and English and concentrates on the critical role of the cultural and linguistic system. The relationship between language, culture and translation is also discussed. Language predominately creates complicated dilemmas for translators and trainees of a second language, but the pivotal dilemmas, according to many theorists and scholars, materialize with cultural differences. Translation problems are represented by the differences between the source and target linguistic aspects and cultural areas. The theorists' preoccupations regarding the translation theory have included burgeoning cultural discussions in the translation study. The researchers have realized the necessity to research behind the boundaries of linguistic translation studies and discuss cultural approaches. https://ijels.com/detail/the-significance-of-transfer-in-the-process-of-english-arabic-translation-through-cultural-perspectives/ Dr. Khalid Rokan Mansoor https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-107202121-TheSignificance.pdf The displacement of people in the context of development has been a recurrent theme in the recent ecocriticism literature. Displacement is inevitable, but the victims are always the underprivileged. This paper focuses on the theme of displacement of the marginalised. The paper voices for the voiceless victims. The developmental projects are always aimed at the deprived community. There are so many social, political and racial agendas in implementing such mega projects. The paper pictures the trauma of a tribal community, in particular the protagonist, Mangal Murmu. Most of the developmental projects are opposed by the people, in particular the residents of that particular vicinity, where the projects shape out. There are many volunteers and environmental activists who join hands in opposing such projects. The writer Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar’s title story The Adivasi Will Not Dance depicts the plight of a tribal who could not even voice out his trauma. It is the tale of an old man, Mangal Murmu, a trained artist, who runs a dance troupe for many years. He denies to sing and dance for a high profile function to show his protest, which goes unnoticed. The tribal community is hailed as a heritage of a country. Every country preserves its own cultural milieu through different projects. The tribal people are accoladed annually during national or international celebrations. They are given a stage only to exhibit their cultural art. The protagonist makes use of such an opportunity to expose the plight of his people, which finally turn out to be a fiasco. This paper gives voice over to Mangal Murmu, who could not get a proper platform to put across his trauma. The paper explores the multiple exploitation of the tribal community. https://ijels.com/detail/unheard-voices-of-the-voiceless-analysing-hansda-sowvendra-shekhar-s-the-adivasi-will-not-dance/ V. Kavitha, Dr. C. Alagan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-10720214-Unheard.pdf The aim of this paper will be to attempt an examination of how folktales have been a part of the cultural memory of African-Americans and how it has been explored through literature, especially a reworking of these tales into short stories and other forms of fiction. It will further be attempted to explore the sense of identity in the African-American community as can be found in these stories and how much of that still persists in their consciousness and imagination to this day. https://ijels.com/detail/the-preservation-of-cultural-memory-in-african-american-fiction/ Shritama Mukherjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-106202148-ThePreservation.pdf This study aims to describe the form of local wisdom of the Dayak Benuaq community contained in the collection of short stories of Teluk Wengkay by Korrie Layun Rampan which includes 11 short stories. This study is qualitative research and uses a literary anthropological approach to answer the problems in the research. Data collection techniques used in this study are documentary studies and content analysis. From the result of the study, it founds forms of local wisdom of the Dayak Benuaq community in the collection of short stories of Teluk Wengkay by Korrie Layun Rampan. The forms include: (1) a religious system in the form of traditional ceremonies believed by the Dayak Benuaq community (2) a language system in the form of regional languages used daily by the Dayak Benuaq community (3) the community system (4) the livelihood system of the Dayak Benuaq people to survive (5) the living equipment system used by the Dayak Benuaq community in living life (6) a knowledge system in the form of the Dayak Benuaq community's understanding of nature surrounding areas and (7) arts in the form of dances and songs typical of the Dayak Benuaq which are used in every traditional ceremony. https://ijels.com/detail/local-wisdom-of-the-dayak-benuaq-community-in-a-collection-of-short-stories-of-teluk-wengkay-by-korrie-layun-rampan/ Fanie Yuniar Krismonita, Herman Joseph Waluyo, Nugraheni Eko Wardani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-106202149-LocalWisdom.pdf Oscar Wilde, the most often quoted writer after Shakespeare possessed a keen insight and good judgment of people and society of his times. His comedy of manners or 'Society plays' as they are called in the literary circles are replete with criticism of his contemporary society. His comedies display the hypocrisy, the shallowness and artificiality of his society which seems to be hidden under a façade of respectability and aristocracy. Wilde seems to be fed up with these aspects of his society. Farce and Satire are the weapons with which he strikes his chief target, the upper-class society that is the London society, which is considered the 'Mecca' of the fashionable and the affluent. This is the society which he observed closely. He does not hang back to portray the snobbery, the corruption, fraud, the idleness and the lack of genuine moral scruples. He strives to mirror the manners of his society which was permeating with double standards, bubbling with depravity and was full of 'beautiful idiots' and 'brilliant lunatics'. https://ijels.com/detail/social-discontent-and-oscar-wilde/ Dr. Alka Bansal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-107202122-Social.pdf Any perception of literature, no matter how far it is kept away from ideology, or it declared its denial or opposition to its concepts, includes, whether it wanted or not, a clear ideological dimension, as literature is a discourse that develops on this planet, includes it, and practices its activities on it. It is a discourse that is soaked with ideology, and values and relationships come to it after they have been publicized by the powers of the social, moral and political relationships. The role of criticism is to reveal these implied dimensions and to be acquainted with the ideology of the texts that it deals with, which is a function that is not connected with revealing the ideology of the texts only, but with getting acquainted with the transformations that occurred to its fundamental concepts along the history of modern literature. Ideology in the novel is usually connected with the conflict of heroes while the novel as an ideology remains an expression of the writer's perceptions through those ideologies. Fictional writing for Nawāl al– Sa‘dāwī is not a game of pleasure, whose role ends when it ends. Writing for Nawāl al– Sa‘dāwī' is a message and an attitude, which characterized her writings by a comprehensive vision, and also enabled her to recognize the dialectic relationships that connect the individual, his thoughts and emotions with life and the conflicts of society, far away from directness and rhetoric, which turn the fictional text into a flat discourse, in which the positive hero tends to change reality into a better one due to his being a the typical hero. https://ijels.com/detail/endorsement-of-the-structure-of-the-hidden-esoteric-ideological-attitude-in-naw-l-al-sa-d-w-s-literature-a-comparative-study-between-her-novels-imra-ah-inda-nuq-at-al-ifr-uqu-al-im-m-jannat-wa-ibl-s-and-zena/ Dr. Hanan Bishara https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-10720215-Endorsement.pdf So far, there are many English translations of Li Bai's poems, but the quality of these translations varies. In the past, most translations were evaluated subjectively. However, the rise of corpus study allows that quantitative approach can be used in translation studies. Based on a self-constructed corpus, this paper conducts a comparative study of translators’ styles reflected in two different versions of Li Bai’s poems by Rewi Alley and Xu Yuanchong, which is examined at the levels of vocabulary, sentences, discourse. The findings indicate that the two translators have their unique styles. At the word level, Xu Yuanchong uses more flowery words, whereas Rewi Alley’s language is plain. At the sentence level, Rewi Alley’s version is more formal than Xu Yuanchong’s, and Xu Yuanchong’s version strictly corresponds with the original form, while Rewi Alley prefers to be free. At the discourse level, Xu Yuanchong prefers to translate poems with the metrical style, while Rewi Alley’s translations are in free verse and easier to understand than Xu’s version. A particular effort is further made to interpret the reasons for the different styles of the two translators in the different ideological context. It is hoped that the use of this corpus methodology will contribute to the field of literary translation studies. https://ijels.com/detail/a-corpus-based-comparative-study-of-translator-s-style-focusing-on-li-bai-s-poems-translated-by-rewi-alley-and-xu-yuanchong/ Feng Tingting, Wang Feng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-107202118-ACorpus.pdf The present study analysed cultural dimensions in the argumentative writing of Moroccan students at Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra. It aimed at tracing features of collectivism and individualism such as personal disclosure (employment of first person singular pronouns and personal anecdotes) and collective self (employment of first personal plural pronouns and statements of collective virtues) in Arabic and English argumentative essays by Moroccan master students at the Department of English. Also, the study sought to trace any potential transfer of cultural features across the students’ essays. To achieve such a purpose, the study opted for textual analysis, using within-subject analysis and between-subject analysis to compare and contrast the argumentative essays of the same individuals. The collected data was described and analysed using frequency counts of individualist and collectivist features in the students’ writing. The results revealed the prevalence of collective self elements manifested in the high proportion of first personal plural pronouns and statements of collective virtues employed, especially in Arabic essays. In addition, collective virtues was the most prevalent cultural feature in Arabic essays, and combination of collective virtues and first person singular were the most dominant cultural features in English essays. https://ijels.com/detail/collectivism-and-individualism-as-cultural-aspects-in-arabic-english-argumentative-writing-by-moroccan-students/ Mounir Chibi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-107202119-Collectivism.pdf A good literary work is a literary work that can provide knowledge to its readers. One of the literary works that can provide knowledge to its readers is a novel. In literary works, especially novels, usually there are stories that contain good values for life, namely the problem of the nature of human relationships with other humans. The purpose of this study is to describe the cultural values contained in the novel Api Awan Asap by Korrie Layun Rampan. The form of this research is descriptive qualitative with content analysis method. Korrie Layun Rampan's novel entitled Api Awan Asap describes the cultural values contained in life, one of which is cultural values related to the nature of human relationships with each other. https://ijels.com/detail/representation-of-cultural-values-in-the-novel-api-awan-asap-by-korrie-layun-rampan/ Devvi Agitha Anggi Ani, Herman J Waluyo, Nugraheni Eko Wardhani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-107202114-Representation.pdf In To the Lighthouse, we find scantiness in matrimony which does not permit mature rational exchange of thoughts and emotions. The trajectory of suffocating wedlock through Woolf’s oeuvre is heightened in the novel when both Mr and Mrs Ramsay acknowledge the precincts of their nuptials. In their stillness, they want definite barriers to be upheld just like Virginia Woolf and Leonard Woolf. The paper attempts to underline the lexical expressions which Woolf herself quoted in her diaries and letters, thereafter making Mr and Mrs Ramsay mouthpiece for her ideas on conjugal relationships as an attempt to vindicate her behaviour with Leonard Woolf. https://ijels.com/detail/barrenness-between-mr-and-mrs-ramsay-fillmore-s-frame-study-of-virginia-woolf-s-to-the-lighthouse/ Dr. Vagisha Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-107202128-Barrenness.pdf The use of online education has increased dramatically during the previous decade. In academia, online learning and virtual classrooms have evolved from a unique experiment to a nearly universal teaching tool [1]. The Virtual Classroom Anxieties of Senior High School Teachers were investigated in this study. The research is descriptive-correlational. Teachers at San Jose City National High School in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, were polled using a survey questionnaire. The data were treated and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, weighted mean, and correlational formulas. The study's findings revealed that the majority of the teachers who responded were female and in their forties. They enrolled in a Bachelor of Secondary Education program with an emphasis in English and non-major courses. Most of the respondents already have their units in a Master's degree and have a permanent position. English was ranked first in terms of subjects taught. In terms of psychological, behavioral, and emotional anxiety, the respondents did not feel anxious when teaching in a virtual classroom since most of them were not overworked and were properly compensated. https://ijels.com/detail/virtual-classroom-anxieties-of-senior-high-school-teachers/ Mark Alvin H. Abad, Joanna Marie Franco, Miguel B. Gutay Jr., Micah Angelica A. Mapili, Jio Maryo G. Subaba, Jocelyn B. Cruz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-107202136-Virtual.pdf It is often said that Ruth Prawer Jhabvala writes about the ironical situations that obtain in the urban middle class Indian life, particularly in undivided Hindu families, as also about the impact of East-West encounter in India. It is also true that R.P. Jhabvala cannot be considered an ‘insider’: nevertheless, it is because of her long stay in India that she has to be considered as a writer who has seen and written about this country from the inside.In her novels, the women characters feel that they grow smaller everyday trapped in a myth of the role of wife and mother. Jhabvala as a major woman novelist is less concerned with personality delineation of her women characters.This paper attempts to show how her some of her female characters don’t go against tradition without any firm conviction. https://ijels.com/detail/from-emancipation-to-silent-submission-a-study-of-some-of-the-prominent-female-characters-of-ruth-prawer-jhabvala/ Dr. Suprita Jha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-107202134-FromEmancipation.pdf The child of today is the adult of tomorrow. His experiences today will make what he will be in the future. Pleasant experiences will lead him to become a confident person. However, unpleasant experiences may traumatize him and lead him to be a broken person. Some of the unpleasant experiences that a child may experience are coming from friends, classmates, schoolmates, teachers, family members, or people they interact with. They may leave negative marks which leave a negative impact on a child’s communication skills and his personality as a whole. This study attempted to determine the non- intellective challenges in oral communication skills of grade 11 learners in Sto. Domingo National Trade School during School Year 2017-2018. The data were gathered from 206 Senior High School Grade 11 learners. To determine the total respondents, the sample and sampling procedures were employed. The Descriptive method of research was used in this study.The non- intellective challenges in oral communication skills of grade 11 learners include: peer factor, teacher factor, and family factor. Pearson R correlation analysis was used to test the relationships between the profile of the respondents and the non- intellective factors in oral communication skills of the respondents. After finding out the results of this research study, a Project proposal to address the non- intellective challenges in oral communication skills among grade 11 learners was offered. https://ijels.com/detail/non-intellective-challenges-in-oral-communication-skills-among-grade-11-learners/ Mylene F. De Guzman, Dr. Fhrizz S. De Jesus https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-107202126-Non-intellective.pdf This study analyzed the text and chat messages of the students and its influences in students’ written output/essay. Specifically, it analyzed the text and chat messages of the students as to style, word, formation, spelling, capitalization and punctuation and the significant relationship between text and chat messages. Also, it determined the influences of text and chat to the students’ written outputs. This is a descriptive and qualitative study that made use descriptive and correlational design. It was conducted at So. Domingo National Trade School having 200 respondents who were in Grade 11. Data were gathered from the text messages and chats between the respondents and the researchers. Students’ written outputs like essays was also gathered. Findings revealed that onomatopoeic spelling, and omitted apostrophes were mostly used by the respondents in text messages, while acronyms and initialisms, omitted apostrophes and emoticons were mostly present in their written outputs. There was also a negative trend of relationship between textism and written outputs. Therefore, textism did not affect the writing performance of the students. https://ijels.com/detail/texting-and-chatting-styles-of-grade-11-students-a-case-in-the-philippines/ Angieleen T. Ignacio, Dr. Fhrizz S. De Jesus https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-107202130-Texting.pdf Oil price shows its strong volatility starting from new millennium. However, traditional oil price researches mainly focus on fundamental factors, while omitting the role market sentiments play in shifting oil price. In this paper, we point out the importance of including sentiments in oil price analysis. Most important, we introduce advanced machine learning methods to quantify market sentiment and lead to new direction in oil price research. https://ijels.com/detail/study-oil-price-with-market-sentiments-a-literature-review/ Yan Han https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-107202135-StudyOil.pdf In this advancing and ever-changing world, certain things still stand stagnant when it comes to women. Food has always been related to women, and has acted as a significant form of gender socialization throughout the centuries, helping to ensure the subordination of women and the gender role division of labour which exists even today. Why do women have to do majority of the cooking? What role does food play in constructing our identities as men and women? Why having equality in doing kitchen chores is still an expectation and not an understanding between man and wife? These are the sort of unsettling standard sanctimony that are associated with food and women. The culinary literature of the fifties acted as perfect rule books for the American society to convey the gender roles and responsibilities, which were established on their basis. https://ijels.com/detail/liberalizing-the-kitchen-from-women/ Anishika Kapoor https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-107202143-Liberalizing.pdf A National Book Award writer Jonathan Franzen received extensive critical praise for the novel The Corrections focuses much on family members whose marriages are unsuccessful, strained familial relationships, and failed careers. In 2001 the novel ‘the corrections’ was at the centre of a dispute between American television talk-show hosts Oprah Winfrey, who selected it for her extensively popular book club. Franzen’s engrossment with family influences was visible in his later novel, Purity which describes a young woman whose mother always refuses to reveal her origins. Finally she joins an organization resembling Wiki leaks and becomes involved with its terrific leader. Franzen showed the troubles of Pip and how it takes away to understand the world and which is predictably extensive cast of supporting characters, to meet a sharp critique of consumerism, digital culture, and human solipsism. https://ijels.com/detail/strained-family-relationships-and-botched-careers-in-jonathan-franzen-s-novels-corrections-and-purity/ Jyothi Katari, P. Rajendra Karmarkar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-106202144-Strained.pdf This study provides a summary of study on racial stress factors which may impact the wellbeing of communally stressed race-related individuals and also cultural populaces. That starts with evaluating the assessment on self-exposed parting and mental wellness. Even though the information which is segregation is the mainly observed part of mental wellness, discrimination can also affect mental wellness with most important elements and discrimination which is extremely bordered in the larger society. The main essentials for study include more purposeful consideration of stress development measures as a result of institutional racism, the evaluation of difficult understanding related to normal and synthetic all-natural emergencies, archiving and recognizing the wellness influences of aggressiveness opposite to immigrants, listing and also assessing defensive possessions, and also boosting our comprehension of the bewildering partnership amongst physiological wellness. https://ijels.com/detail/stress-and-the-mental-health-of-populations-of-color-advancing-our-understanding-of-race-related-stressors/ Rajesh Rishi, Pinki Doloi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-107202156-Stress.pdf This paper will aim at analyzing the representation of feminism in Indian Culture in the stories, “The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad”, “Salaam, Noni Appa”, “If the Weather Permits”, and “The Sanitary Man from a Sacred Land”fromThe Legend of Lakshmi Prasad. Many social, political, and literary movements have constantly focused on “feminism”, and each one of them is unique in its way. During each period, women have faced multiple different problems. The stories which this paper aims at analyzing have focused on more realistic contemporary issues around women. This paper analyses each story of this collection in the framework of feminism and how it has effectively represented 21st century Indian women’s issues. https://ijels.com/detail/representation-of-feminism-in-21st-century-indian-culture-a-study-of-the-legend-of-lakshmi-prasad-by-twinkle-khanna/ Melina J https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-107202132-Representation.pdf The present paper is an attempt to discuss the marginalised voice of “the mother” figures in mainstream women writers of India like Shashi Deshpande, Kiran Desai, and Manju Kapoor belonging to different decades and has significantly projected the dimensions of the mother-daughter relationship. Though in their writings, the mothers are voiceless and marginalised by none other than their daughters. Their projection of voiceless mothers and sole-dominated daughters has become a never-ending custom in Indian literature where mothers are being muted with no perspectives. The discussion is focused on the idealisation of motherhood and voiceless mothers projected as the “bad mother” without listening to them. https://ijels.com/detail/the-customary-voiceless-mother-and-dominating-daughter-in-indian-women-writings/ Shivani Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-107202117-TheCustomary.pdf The research seeks to find out the Sri Lankan Tamil directors’ preference on making short films over feature films. The study examines what are the reasons that made the Sri Lankan Tamil directors make more short films than feature films. In order to carry out the objective of the research, survey methodology was employed. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews. The research found out that Sri Lankan Tamil filmmakers’ initial aim is to make feature films. The Sri Lankan Tamil directors give priority to the short films because of the following reasons; No industry for Sri Lankan Tamil cinema, Lack of knowledge regarding distribution and productions of Tamil feature films, no producers are ready to make feature films in Sri Lanka but Short films in little budget, most of the diaspora producers are investing money in Indian Tamil cinema, Sri Lankan Tamil audience are influenced by the Indian Tamil cinema, no proper Tamil filmmaking institute in Sri Lanka, lack of technical knowledge, Lack of interest among theatre owners on Sri Lankan Tamil movies.Sri Lankan Tamil directors use short films to practice the process of filmmaking in script writing, editing, cinematography and other filmmaking elements. Due to lack of producers Sri Lankan Tamil directors produce the short films from their own money. But somehow, they are getting income from screening the short films. Though few film festivals have political influences, National and International short film festivals and competitions encourage the Sri Lankan Tamil filmmakers to make more short films. Number of Tamil short films from Eastern province in Sri Lanka have been selected to Cannes film festival recently. Sri Lankan Tamil short film directors have earned very good profit in the short film competitions just by spending few amounts to produce the short films. Now a days Sri Lankan Tamil television channels are producing more TV programs on Sri Lankan Tamil short films such as IppadikuIyakkunar, Film City, Vizhuthukal, King maker and Namma Hits. It pushes the Sri Lankan Tamil directors to get involved in more short films. https://ijels.com/detail/sri-lankan-tamil-directors-preference-on-making-short-films-over-feature-films/ R. Joel Jairus https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-107202148-SriLankan.pdf The authenticity of the silenced voices arises the thought whether dalit themselves should be the authentic authors of Dalit Literature or anyone else could be. Language canon literally buried the ferries and prosperity of the subaltern literature. A shift in politics would be customary when designed and re encoded for different audiences by a differet writer. Literature born from a dalit writer will be twice as powerful as an inexperienced resulting in an impossibility of any non dalit to express the same in a different manner with equivalent words and expressions, it is challenging that a translator carries a text beyond barriers or borders. The challenges of preserving myths, rituals, social customs and belief systems melded with the culture and history often displaced the romantic flights of imagination of literature. The purpose of raising awareness in the translator to address and explore the readers of the target language; the method of dealing with the aspects of the literature would be influenced. This emerging discourse is elevated to a culturally and politically modified form of action that seeks to redefine existing tradition and creating new ones. The resistance of the years of cultural and linguistic colonization with literature and its translation would be of great challenge. https://ijels.com/detail/who-can-translate-dalit-discourses/ Vandhana Nair N https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-107202133-Whocan.pdf This research looked at the financial literacy practices of teachers at Cabanatuan City's Schools Division Office in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The research is descriptive in nature. A survey questionnaire was employed to collect data, and convenience sampling was used to select the 100 teachers who responded. Frequency count, percentage, and weighted mean were used to treat and analyze the data. The study revealed that teachers were aware of the necessity of saving money, whether for short- or long-term goals, and they invested in life insurance. They've been exercising the necessity of keeping track of their costs with a monthly household budget. They borrowed or loaned money not because they wanted to, but because of unexpected or unforeseen occurrences in their lives, such as personal or family emergencies, natural disasters, economic downturns, and other unexpected circumstances that necessitate financial needs. https://ijels.com/detail/practices-on-financial-literacy-of-teachers-in-the-schools-division-office-of-cabanatuan-city/ Kathleen Joy C. Abaya, Realethlyn A. Aguinaldo, Alyssa Bea B. Asprec, Jayson A. Baylon, Joana S. Donato, Vivien Amor Viloria https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-107202159-Practices.pdf Julius Caesar was a remarkable man in the history of western civilization. It will not be an exaggeration to say that he is still standing at the center of the history of ancient Rome. His rise to power was during a time when Rome was a Republic being controlled by the wealthy Senate. The rule of the Senate eventually got corrupted by their personal greed. Being a man obsessed with ambition and visions, Caesar saw the error of their ways and he strived for absolute sovereignty by going through a civil war and ending it eventually. In this paper, my aim is to invoke the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes about the 'State of Nature' in the wake of the falling social structure of Rome suffering from the civil war and the corruption of the Senate from 60 BC to 44 BC. I will also analyze Caesar’s rise to power and his acceptance by the common populace of Rome by rendering it with the theory of ‘Absolutism’. The whole purpose of the paper is to critically pinpoint the major ideological impacts of Hobbes in that period of transition where the Roman republic was becoming the Roman Empire. https://ijels.com/detail/caesar-and-road-to-an-empire-a-hobbesian-reckoning-of-rome-60-bc-44bc/ Abhishek Chakravorty https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-107202140-Caesar.pdf This article tries to look into the concept of Diaspora manifested through the folk songs of the Cochin Jews which celebrates a rich culture and literature. What is known as ‘Jewish music’ today is thus the result of complex historical processes. But it is to be observed that it is also cornered on the pretext that Cochin Jewish Songs carries certain religious significances only. The article tries to take a peep into the primary source, “Oh! Lovely Parrot” a compilation of 43 Jewish Malayalam folk songs. The songs in this excellent collection represents a number of little-looked-at corners of Jewish music culture, enacting their diasporic identities through their unique narrative network which include songs, stories and memories. https://ijels.com/detail/o-lovely-parrot-vestiges-of-a-diasporic-jewish-culture/ Dr. Shirley Stewart https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-107202151-OLovely.pdf The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of the First World War on the fiction of the third decade of the twentieth century – 1921 to 1930 – the immediate period succeeding war, and how the writers presented in fictional form the total disorder that had been spelt both in the world of history and the mind of men. Further, It has been intended tracing how the ‘novel form’ disintegrated and the novel is no longer remained a novel in the traditional sense. This paper also details how the writers tried to achieve their goal in fictional form and why the novel demanded a form which would not recapture the full texture of the horror scenario but also present an illuminating exploration of the deeper levels of individual consciousness. https://ijels.com/detail/the-post-war-english-novel-in-terms-of-form-and-theme/ Dr. Wisam Hamid Lateef https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-108202112-ThePost.pdf This study investigated the effectiveness of virtual learning environment features for online Teaching, Learning and Assessment in all colleges of the Royal University of Bhutan. A mixed methods, parallel convergent design was adopted for this study. A total of 155 academics and 650 students participated in online survey questionnaires and 22 academic and 43 students responded to the online semi-structured interview questions. The auto-generated reports of VLE usage of 93 modules across the colleges were analysed to validate the findings on the usage of VLE features by academics from qualitative and quantitative data. The results showed that the academics’ overall experience of using VLE for online teaching was positive whereas the majority of the students found it a challenging learning experience. While the academics were found to be competent in using only basic VLE features for online teaching, the students’ perceptions of their tutors’ competencies in online teaching were diverse ranging from very experienced to a beginner. Both the academics and students found learning through VLE not very effective as assessment and giving feedback online requires previous experience, sound IT knowledge and adequate resources. The results also showed that both academics and students were generally satisfied with the ICT facilities and resources in the colleges. However, students have experienced major constraints such as internet connectivity, financial support, IT facilities, power fluctuation and household chores while learning online from homes. Generally, they have found online learning through VLE as a new enriching opportunity to learn ICT tools, communication skills and social skills for collaborative online learning. https://ijels.com/detail/effectiveness-of-the-virtual-learning-environment-vle-for-online-teaching-learning-and-assessment-perspectives-of-academics-and-students-of-the-royal-university-of-bhutan/ Ugyen Pem, Chenga Dorji, Sangay Tshering, Rinchen Dorji https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-107202138-Effectiveness.pdf The concept of ‘Constellation’ which means a group of visible stars forms a perceived pattern, typically representing an inanimate object. “Constellation is not sequencing, it carries truth”, in order to Reflect someone’s experiencing more accurately, it is necessary instead to gather a whole, out of pieces. The Present Study attempts a postmodern reading of Olga Tokarczuk’s ‘Flights’ as a ‘constellation’ novel in which bunch of seemingly separate stories, experience and historical artifacts combine into a growing peak of emotional, physical and political interconnectedness. Although the novel is considered a postmodern invention, Olga Tokarczuk presents a unique pattern or style to her novel. ‘Flights’ is ultimately a novel about picking a thing apart. The author has a talent for pushing us inward, into ourselves, our bodies and also our tormenting histories so that we can remerge knowing all of our collective parts https://ijels.com/detail/picking-a-thing-apart-a-postmodern-reading-of-olga-tokarczhuk-s-flights-as-a-constellation-novel/ Daniel Rubaraj R https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-107202162-Picking.pdf As Mark Twain once said, “In religion all other countries are paupers; India is the only millionaire”. Food is an excellent manifestation of who we are as people. It defines our identities, customs, traditions. It reflects who we are, the flavors of cooking that have been passed down through generations. Food is culture and India can be proud of its illustrious culinary heritage. https://ijels.com/detail/amalgamation-of-culture-and-cuisines-indian-culinary-culture/ Anishika Kapoor https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-107202142-Amalgamation.pdf Elementary school students in Lebanon are subjected to various adversities and difficulties. Promoting mindfulness and self-compassion is important in affecting their resilience so that they can overcome these adversities. This study aims at assessing the mindfulness, self-compassion and resilience among fifth graders at Al Makassed Dawha School in Lebanon. To achieve this aim, fifty students were involved in this study. The extent to which students were originally mindful, self-compassionate, and resilient was measured using different surveys. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, and the relation between these variables was statistically tested using Chi-square and Kendall tests. The impact of self-compassion and mindfulness on resilience was deduced from students’ reflection on the implementation of the Mindful Self-Compassion Program (MSC). The results showed that the majority of the enrolled fifth graders in this study had good standing self-compassion and resilience, but they had low levels of mindfulness. Mindfulness and self-compassion are found to be positively and significantly correlated with each other. The MSC was partially implemented and the highest good standing percent (90%) was recorded in the self compassion test, while the lowest students being in the good standing category was in the mindfulness test results (46%). As for the number in the good standing category, it mounted up to 70%. The research recommends the need for following up the development programs of mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience within the school context and promoting awareness about their importance. https://ijels.com/detail/mindfulness-self-compassion-and-resilience-among-fifth-graders-at-al-makassed-dawha-school-in-lebanon/ Raymond Akiki, Norah Dahdouli, Ossama Dimassi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-107202144-Mindfulness.pdf The Paper, starting from a study of Puritanism, tentatively explores the functions of Puritanism in conceiving American culture as a whole, and traditional American values in particular, and concludes that the traditional American values characterized by individual freedom and self-reliance, material wealth and hard work, respect for education and pioneering spirit are mostly credited to Puritanism. https://ijels.com/detail/the-influence-of-puritanism-on-the-shaping-of-traditional-american-values/ Li Guanghua https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-10820212-TheInfluence.pdf Symbolism and literary imagery have always been means of transmitting socio-political messages through engaged literature. In a logic of casting a critical look at his society, the Nigerian writer, Chigozie Obioma, resorts to a literary text dotted with images and symbols to underline the ills of a society whose family unit disassembles to sink into a tragic chaos. With a style endued with features of allegory, Obioma, in TheFishermen, shapes out a narrative discourse through which he iconizes the socio-political issues that submerged Nigeria in the recent past and continues to swamp on itspeople. In this paper, we manage to de-fictionalize the author’s message to lay bare the crude meaning of his hinting about river space and foolishness. Our analytical approach is based on the theory of symbolism to better connect social and physical representamen to their connotations and denotations. AFocus is then put on the reading of the physical and psychological ensigns that centralize the big pictures which condensate the different predicaments that, indeed, gangrene the daily life in Nigeria. https://ijels.com/detail/symbols-and-symbolism-the-representamen-of-infelicities-in-chigozie-obioma-s-the-fishermen-2015/ Abib Sene https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-10820213-Symbols.pdf Robert A. Heinlein, “a handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future, events based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method”. Rod Serling’s definition is “fantasy is the impossible made probable. Science fiction is the improbable made possible. Stranger in a Strange Land is a 1961 science fiction novel by American author Robert A. Heinlein. It tells the story of Valentine Michael Smith, a human who comes to Earth in early adulthood after being born on the planet Mars and raised by Martians. The novel explores his interaction with and eventual transformation of terrestrial culture .In 2012, the U S Library of Congress named it one of 88 “Books that Shaped America”. The title “Stranger in a Strange Land” is an allusion to the phrase in Exodus 2:22. The novel is set in the backdrop of newer technologies, space exploration, psychology liberal ideologies and physical freedom. It presents a critique often an ironic view of the Heinlein’s contemporary society. It explored the nature and limits of the religious institutions especially of the Fosterites. https://ijels.com/detail/robert-heinlein-s-stranger-in-a-strange-land-a-postmodern-study/ Surya Joy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-10820215-Robert.pdf This paper explores the nature of evil discussed in Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Padma Nadir Majhi by Manik Bandapaddhaya. In both of the novels, evil is a common phenomenon though the presentations may be different in some cases. In Lord of the Flies, the evil, solely innate in nature, is presented through the children who have turned into savages with the progress of the story. On the island, they do unlawful activities and behave in a way as if they were part of an uncivilized society. On the other hand, in Padma Nadir Majhi evil is presented in the forms of carnal desire and societal exploitation. Many of the characters of the novel are involved in extramarital affairs to fulfill their carnal desire and in this way, they commit evil deeds. Another form of evil depicted in Padma Nadir Majhi is the evil created by the socio-economic system in society. It is important to note that no matter what a person’s age, status, culture, or gender is, he/she possesses evil in his/her character–evil exists everywhere in multidimensional forms and natures. This paper will problematize this issue. https://ijels.com/detail/the-nature-of-evil-in-william-golding-s-lord-of-the-flies-and-manik-bandapaddhaya-s-padma-nadir-majhi-an-analysis/ Md. Atiqur Rahman, Farhana Yeasmin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-107202131-TheNature.pdf Bai Choi is a form of folk cultural activity popular in South Central, especially Binh Dinh. In each verse of the Bai Choi partly shows the attractiveness of folk performances to the working people. This folk art contains strong cultural, artistic values, and vitality, which have been preserved for generations by the community in the South Central region. In 2017, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has also honored several performing arts values in Vietnam, including the Bai Choi as the intangible cultural heritage of humanity. For a long time, the performing arts of the Bai Choi have become the object of much scientific collecting and research works in the country. In the scope of this article, we would like to present the basic characteristics of the traditional Bai Choi in Binh Dinh. Through that, it helps readers to understand more about Bai Choi - a type of performance that is in danger of being eroded, to contribute to preserving and promoting good traditional values. https://ijels.com/detail/research-about-bai-choi-a-form-of-folk-in-vietnam/ Nguyen Minh Tri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-108202111-Research.pdf In India, educational institutions primarily follow the traditional set up of face-to-face teaching and learning process. The sudden outbreak of covid-19 has compelled many academic institutions to adopt a blended learning system. The pandemic has created challenges for educational system to a great extent forcing the academicians to shift to an online mode of teaching and learning process as physical classroom activities seemed to be impossible. Earlier, academic units were stuck with old procedures but the present pandemic scenario has left no option but to adopt a pedagogical approach that can meet the learners’ needs. The article includes an analysis of the current online teaching and learning process with an emphasis on the current trends and issues associated with the major responsibility of the education of future generation. https://ijels.com/detail/online-teaching-and-learning-process-in-covid-19-pandemic-current-trends-and-issues/ Dr. Snehaprava Panda https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-108202125-Online.pdf The caste system in Hindu religion operates stratification which constitutes social hierarchy. The Brahman is at the apex of this hierarchy, with the Kshatriya second; Vaisya third in rank. The fourth is the Sudra, the ‘footman’, the servant of former three varnas. This sect is alienated as untouchable in this hierarchical order since the Rig Vedic era. The ‘Chandal’ (later allowed as Namasudra) of Bengal is a severely unprivileged segment of Sudra. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, this sector rebelled against the oppression, exploitation and persistent humiliation of the ‘upper’ Varnas under the leadership of Sri Sri Harichand Thakur and later by his son Sri Sri Guruchand Thakur. They promoted an alternative socio-religious Matua movement to awake the marginal Namasudras to make their distinct identity. They took extensive education as means of their intellectual and social upliftment. The influence of the education movement continues its widespread influence till today. Agonisingly, the history of this renaissance movement is kept almost silenced in the caste dominated testimonials and elite history. The paper, therefore, attempts to unearth this glorious history of academic and social elevation of the unacknowledged Bengali Namasudras. https://ijels.com/detail/a-hidden-renaissance-in-bengal-the-rebirth-of-subaltern-matua-namasudras/ Dr. Milan Mandal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-108202117-AHidden.pdf Thomas Hardy is a popular writer and a masterful reporter of rural life. As a skilled creator of a host of interesting characters, he presents a pessimistic view of the universe. His ‘Wessex’ is a reflection of Dorset, south west coast of England, where he was born and reared. Hardy’s Wessex is partly real and partly a dream country. As a regional writer his genius lies in imparting it a universal appeal and giving it a realistic spirit. This paper explores Hardy’s engagement with nineteenth century ideas and will look into the contemporary debate about ‘sustainability’. Hardy’s belief of ‘interconnectedness’ that binds human beings and ecology finds full expression in his novels. He is suspicious of the advancement of modern civilization. As far as Wessex is unaffected by modernistic ideas, the natives are happy in their backwardness, poverty and simplistic living. But as the sophisticated people bring technology and machines in the town they disturb the even tenor of simple life. This disrupts the harmony between his characters and the landscape, leading to tragic ends. His belief of ‘one -great network’ recognizes the interdependency of life and ecology. The paper will explore how his imaginative realization represents this ‘collectivity’ in his novels. https://ijels.com/detail/ecocriticism-in-thomas-hardy-s-wessex-a-critical-study-of-tess-of-the-d-urbervilles/ Dr. Prerna Vanjani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-108202116-Ecocriticism.pdf Kafka’s works abounds in animal figures that occupy an ontological liminality. They are nether truly animals nor exactly humans but always pushes towards a zone where the categories become immaterial. In addition to causing literary disorientation, these figures serve to offer stringent critique of our anthropocentric idealism that sustains our species identity. By carefully examining the dialectical interplay between knowledge and ignorance, the articles attempt to situate Kafka’s non-human figures as expressing a deeper connection between concepts of animality and idea of literature. https://ijels.com/detail/kafka-s-poetics-of-the-grotesque-questioning-the-animal-in-kafka-s-oeuvre/ Ratul Nandi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-108202123-Kafka.pdf The world of education with all its challenges requires a teacher to be able to make students interpret learning materials more easily so that student learning achievement increases, one of which is through innovative learning media. The purpose of this research was to improve the learning achievement of students of tenth-grade Accounting and Finance at SMK Kristen Surakarta. The number of students in this class was 32 people who were all taken as subjects in this study. Classroom action research was adopted for this research with qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. Research data were collected through tests, observations, interviews, and documentation. Test the validity of the data used was content validity and triangulation. The success of the action is indicated if 75% of the students have a score > 76. It is concluded from this study that the powtoon media succeeded in increasing the learning achievement of students in grade tenth, Accounting, and Finance. This finding is evidenced by an increase in the proportion of students who score >76. The proportion of students who scored > 76 in the pre-action was 56% which then increased to 72% in cycle I and 84% in cycle II. https://ijels.com/detail/powtoon-media-can-it-improve-student-achievement-in-accounting/ Monica Hapsari Pambayun, Siswandari, Cicilia Dyah Sulistyaningrum https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-108202120-Powtoon.pdf This paper presents the Gothic world from different contexts. While early Gothic novels are about aristocratic villains and medieval settings, the ‘new’ Gothic is used to represent the modern context associated with the urban and industrial world. This paper explores the use of the Gothic genre in Walpole’s Castle of Otranto (1764), Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations (1860-1861) and Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897); the novels which belong to two different centuries. Walpole’s Gothic differs from the ‘modern’ Gothic’ of Dickens and Stoker. Charles Dickens’s (1812-1870) and Bram Stoker’s(1847-1912) novels explore the interplay between the Gothic and the Victorian context. The contexts of these novels reveal the use of two types of Gothic genre: the ‘old’ and ‘new’ Gothic. The objective of this paper is to introduce the use of the ‘old’ and ‘new’ Gothic in the three novels and the various sources of threats produced by this mode of literature. The following parts will be devoted to analyzing the Gothic settings, supernatural elements, and Gothic themes. https://ijels.com/detail/gothicism-in-horace-walpole-s-the-castle-of-otranto-charles-dickens-s-great-expectations-and-bram-stoker-s-dracula-from-old-to-new-gothic/ Sana Ayed Chebil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-107202139-Gothicism.pdf As China gradually approaches the center of the world stage, the task of cultural communication is becoming increasingly urgent. Jingzhou poetry in the Tang Dynasty contains regional and temporal characteristics, while itsdissemination was restricted by internal and external factors. To speed up the pace of Chinese Culture Going Out, some suggestions for its dissemination were put forward based on the multi-modal theory. This paper adopts the most suitable multi-modal approach according to different themes of poetry so as to transmit the beauty of form and internal Chinese cultural values to receiving countries. https://ijels.com/detail/multi-modal-dissemination-of-jingzhou-poetry-in-the-tang-dynasty/ Zhang Liuyue, Ma Yan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-108202142-Multi-modal.pdf Considering museum as a public site of cultures of memory, my paper will focus on Salar Jung National Museum situated on the banks of the Musi river, Hyderabad. The museum houses the cabinet collections and curios of the Salar Jung family, primarily of Mir Yousuf Ali Khan also known as Salar Jung III. He was the prime minister to the Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan of Hyderabad in 1914. It reserves its history of inception, culture and both personal and public history. The paper treats it as a cosmopolitan mnemocultural site that overrides the ‘national construct’ and refers to the potentiality of the its materiality to tell tales of many cultures, trade links and most importantly of political friendships and the culture of bestowing each other with rare works of art. https://ijels.com/detail/mnemoculture-and-national-museum-looking-at-salarjung-national-museum-hyderabad-india/ Farddina Hussain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-108202126-Mnemoculture.pdf Sandeep Vanga’s Arjun Reddy (2017) was revered for its unflinching story-telling, unprecedented cinematography and rousing music. The film won accolades from both, the critics and audience, alike for doing away with the tropes of toxic masculinity and misogyny in South Asian cinema. The film revolves around the eponymous hero, Arjun Reddy, and his intense and raw painful suffering for love. The research paper will question how successful the film was in its attempt to portray Arjun Reddy as a flawed, complex character by depicting anger as his only fatal flaw, while also granting him Herculean powers, captivating looks and prodigal skills as a surgeon and an all-rounder, as well as, simultaneously claiming to be audaciously real. The definitions of masculinity, as presented in the film, are analysed and challenged. The study will also question the power dynamics of Arjun and Preeti’s relationship, and Arjun’s treatment of women, in general. Feminist concerns in film theory such as ‘The Male Gaze’ and the issue of gender representation shall be discussed. ‘Did the film do more damage than good with its thinly veiled misogyny presented as new-age feminism?’ are some of the important arguments that will be resolved. https://ijels.com/detail/arjun-reddy-2017-momentous-or-misguided-misogyny/ Ms. Shubhangi Bhatnagar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-108202128-ArjunReddy.pdf Baz Kershaw in The Politics of Performance: Radical Theatre as Cultural Intervention opines that a play “have to be seen in their full cultural milieu; in relation to the aesthetic movements of which they are a part; in relation to the institutional structures of the art; in relation to the cultural formations they inhabit” (Kershaw 5). In this regard, an unequivocal reading of a postmodern drama turns out to be a betrayal of its pluralistic and multi-layered signification. Edward Bond’s Lear is a quintessential example of a postmodern drama that weaves within its narrative fabric the aesthetic, philosophical, and political elements. First performed in 1971, Lear is a radical and violent rewrite of Shakespeare's King Lear. While Shakespeare’s play dealt primarily about the politics of sovereign power, responsibility, and the problems associated with it, Bond’s Lear is actually an allegorical taledepicting contemporary political issues and unreliability of democracy which in itself is vulnerable to slipping into an authoritarian government. This paper attempts a philosophical, political, and social analysis of the play Lear. The paper also analyses how ideas ofItalian Philosopher Georgio Agamben find an expression in the play. It also reads the play as a clarion call for practical activism and the need for public intellectuals to safeguard the true spirit of democracy. https://ijels.com/detail/a-philosophical-and-political-analysis-of-edward-bond-s-play-lear/ Swathy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-108202119-APhilosophical.pdf The Lambada tribal community can be found are all over the state of Telangana. The community has a population of 20, 46,117. The languagethat they members speak is known as ‘Gour Boli’.It speaks volumes about the resilience of this community,which has fully grown out of the totally unjust tag of a ‘criminal tribe’ to emerge as a very vibrant and colourful tribe,and enriched and added luster to the cultural fabric of India.The study will explore the various facets about the culture and traditions of the Lambadas.The focus will be on the well laid down norms and practicesof this community...To present amore balanced picture, the adverse effect of Urbanization in areas like Cultural change,dres, life cycle rituals,and celebration of festivals, will also be highlighted. It has understood that urbanization has brought out both positive and negative changes in the community.The dilemma of tradition vs. modernity can be resolved by synergizing the cultural elements that the Lambadas continues to changebrought by modernity. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-urbanization-on-a-lambada-tribe-in-telangana/ Dr. M.Vandana Roshni https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-108202129-Impactof.pdf Paulo Coelho, a Brazilian novelist and lyricist is best known for his transnational novels. The novel Eleven Minutes takes on a new look on the prostitution. Through a mimetic-thematic dimension of narrative, we come to know about Maria’s self- actualization journey. The notion deemed by Feminist approach is that a female body is the key to self-liberation. Here, in this novel the feminist approach to the profession of prostitution and novel’s expressivism make us think unconventionally about the conventional binaries of life like sacred and profane love. The binary pairs are juxtaposed by Maria’s expressive subjectivism. The novel Eleven Minutes elevates prostitution to the realm of love and divinity. Maria explores an inner light through the journey of self-transcendence. Her inner light renders a new magnificence to the binary of sacred love and profane love, sensuality and spirituality, fate and will, prostitution and marriage, overall the binary of body and soul. Eleven minutes is the sexual act itself between Maria and Ralf that only takes about eleven minutes.Eleven minutes is firmly rooted in Western spirituality as it proclaims the myths about the story of a prostitute whose sins were forgiven by Jesus. Coelho takes a taboo subject sex as the main element of the novel.Here in this novel Maria is compared with Virgin Mary.This association between a prostitute and a religious female figure contaminates the symbol of virginity and purity. Consequently this association breaks the binary opposition of purity and impurity. Furthermore, this comparison implies the fact that Maria's faith is sprang from a religious female figure which enhances the sense of female solidarity. This paper deals on how Maria's feministic approach to prostitution re-explores her soul to demolish all the binaries of body and soul. https://ijels.com/detail/deconstructing-the-conventional-binaries-of-society-an-in-depth-exploration-of-maria-the-central-character-of-paolo-coelho-s-eleven-minutes-as-the-spokesman-of-third-wave-feminism/ Jabun Nahar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-10920216-Deconstructing.pdf The purpose of this study is to textually analyze two works, namely The Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus and Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka to describe the contradiction and similarities in the Idea of Absurdism in the two respective works. Absurdism has often been neglected as a philosophy of despair, while the truth is quite the contrary; this was elucidated by one of the major Absurdist writers, Albert Camus who describes Absurdism as the need to battle meaninglessness of life. Camus in his work The Myth of Sisyphus describes how the acceptance of the absurd will open new doors to look at life. Finding purpose in life is an act of meaninglessness that will leave one unhappy and strangled with question but Camus addresses that when you accept the absurdness it will be your rebellion against life. Through the portrayal of Sisyphus, who is punished to roll a huge stone up on the mountain Camus address that we should Imagine him happy even while he is punished because rather than finding meaning he has accepted the absurdness of life which is the reason he is happy. Often addressed as a pessimistic writer for his view on the world Franz Kafka has a similar point of view and that is depicted in his Novella Metamorphosis. While the protagonist is metamorphosed into a litter vermin, he is revolting against life, even when his own family hates him and his father hit him with a broomstick to get rid of him and his sister alludes that he is not her brother, trapped in his room by his own family from the beginning of the story. Gregor samsa the protagonist is revolting against life to make his own meaning to live. Even with Major aspects, of both the writers falling under the same roof, there are minor contradictions especially when it comes to the death of Gregor Samsa. https://ijels.com/detail/finding-meaning-in-the-absurd/ Mit Sagar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-108202132-Finding.pdf The Mareraosan oral tradition is a tradition of word of mouth, which is very unique because it includes literary, religious, local wisdom, ethics and aesthetic abilities. This oral tradition can develop and exist because it is supported by the supporters themselves, meaning that there are always people who want to preserve the tradition. Aspects of marriage that include the rights and obligations of the bride and groom are spoken directly by the dragoman(jururaos). Jururaos is the person chosen by the family to give advice to the bride and groom. The theory used in this research is the theory of socio cultural action from Max Weber which includes actions that are directed rationally, actions based on values, actions based on emotions and actions based on culture. The main finding in this study is that the oral tradition of mareraosanis a medium for delivering messages from parents and community leaders to the bride and groom. In the mareraosan tradition, there are also three main witnesses (Tri Upasaksi), namely, the witness god, the witness human, and the witness bhuta. This is what distinguishes the mareraosantradition from other marriage traditions. https://ijels.com/detail/mareraosan-tradition-in-bali-traditional-marriage-rituals/ Gek Diah Desi Sentana, I WayanCika, I Nyoman Suarka, I Nyomanweda Kusuma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-108202124-Mareraosan.pdf Race is a construct created by the dominant culture to subjugate and exploit a specific group of people, while excluding them from mainstream society. Throughout history, the black race in America has consistently been marginalized and silenced, unable to voice their suffering due to this exclusion. However, there have been numerous writers who have taken on the responsibility of breaking this silence and challenging the differentiation between races through their creative writing. One such influential figure is Toni Morrison, a goal-driven writer who has dedicated herself to exposing the suffering caused by race. In her work "Recitatif," Morrison's purpose is not simply to reveal the struggles of race, but to experiment with different narrative techniques. She aims to confront the subtle, unspoken racial codes present in the story, shedding light on the complex and sophisticated nature of racial dynamics through indirect remarks. Morrison's presentation of ambiguous identities in "Recitatif" serves as an experiment, forcing us to consider the significance of human existence beyond just racial aspects. In the presence of the black and white communities, identity is often confined solely to one's race. However, Morrison challenges this notion, urging us to recognize the multifaceted nature of individuals and the importance of embracing diversity. Through her groundbreaking work, Morrison has made a significant contribution to the canon of African-American literature. Her writing has helped shape and define this body of work, ensuring that the voices and experiences of the black community are not only heard but also celebrated. https://ijels.com/detail/toni-morrison-s-recitatif-a-curious-dialogue-on-the-crucial-racial-identity/ Jaya Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-108202157-Toni.pdf