https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usJune 7 The outbreak of Covid-19 has unprecedentedly evinced that online learning is the future of education. It offers abundant benefits and poses various challenges to learners and teachers alike. Some of these challenges represent the extent to which students are willing to take part in these classes, and how instructors and teachers can help them increase their motivation and develop positive attitudes towards their distant classes, the teachers and the course at large. In this context, this study empirically examines Moroccan students’ motivation for and attitudes towards online learning, and seeks to find practical techniques to improve their level of motivation and gain constructive perceptions of e-learning at large. The study adopts a predominantly quantitative method that makes use of 89online questionnaires distributed to students from the Faculty of Languages and Arts in Ibn Tofail University. The findings revealed that the majority of students hold negative attitudes towards distant learning, which makes them lose motivation for these classes. https://ijels.com/detail/distant-learning-in-morocco-examining-students-attitudes-and-motivation-at-the-tertiary-level/ Rachid Elkhayma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-10520212-Distant.pdf Citizenship as a concept has always been subjected to serious contention, with scholars trying to reach a comprehensive denotation of the word and has rather been considered a “slippery concept.” Aligning with the modern democratic spirit, the article titled as “A struggle to belong: The grappling cases of Israel and India” engages with the key question as to: what is citizenship and how it is posited in both Israel and India? We also bring forth a comprehensive comparative study with similarities and differences of the Law of Return in Israel with the modern-day Citizenship (Amendment) Act in India, exploring the cultural aspect of citizenship and its pivotal role in the process of nation-building. The paper also highlights student movements as well as women moving from mere victims to survivors, beneficiaries to contributors, and objects to agents of change in India with regards to demand for citizenship rights. https://ijels.com/detail/a-struggle-to-belong-the-grappling-cases-of-israel-and-india/ Sagarika Mukhopadhyay, Anirban Banerjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-10520217-Astruggle.pdf Recent theories of history have engendered large conceptual reviews at the level of historical representation, which has created gradual ruptures with the traditional perception of national history and its inherent assumptions of unity, They have produced profound epistemological shifts in the modes of national historical writings in postcolonial literatures These emerging writings celebrate productive elaborations of counter-hegemonic historical narratives, which break with the reductionist historical assumptions premised in dominant nationalist historiographies. By revisiting the national past through the trope of communal memory, and by exposing the obscured diversities of national experiences, contemporary minority writings have engaged in the task of interrogating the putative authority of official memory and historical documents by divulging the discursive erasure of representational differences characterizing the dominant nationalist historical narratives. In this context, postcolonial diasporic autobiographies have been offering dynamic sites of contestation whereby the authority of official history is undermined by competing narratives. Diasporic postcolonial autobiographical writings, for instance, have suggested productive literary spaces where unauthorized biographies of the nation have been introduced and subversive counter-narratives have been elaborated. It is within the context of South Asian re-configurations of representational praxis that I will locate my paper. The latter seeks to address the question of historical representation vis-à-vis nationalist discursive hegemony in postcolonial Sri Lanka, and to explore the narrative strategies deployed to disclose the flagrant injustices underlying the mainstream version of the colonial Sri Lankan history purveyed by nationalist ideologies evidenced in Michael Ondaatje’s memoir Running in the Family. https://ijels.com/detail/de-ideologizing-colonial-and-postcolonial-sri-lanka-family-tales-and-historical-revisitation-in-michael-ondaatje-s-memoir-running-in-the-family/ Hatem Ben Jemia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-10520213-De-ideologizing.pdf Potheri Kunhambu was an eminent social reformer from North Malabar. He belongs to Thiyya community. He mainly focused for the upliftment of lower communities especially pulayas of North Malabar. His activities were ridiculed by the caste hindus and they called him as “Pulayan Kunhambu”. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of Potheri Kunhambu and his Novel “Saraswathivijayam” in the upliftment of lower communities of Malabar. https://ijels.com/detail/potheri-kunhambu-the-social-reformer-from-north-malabar/ Bijina M. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-105202114-Potheri.pdf The popular adage that Pen is mightier than a Gun holds good when it comes to literature. Many social maladies like dowry, child marriage, gender discrimination, fascism and other problems spanning a human being’s life culturally, economically, sociologically and politically have been set right due to such mighty writings springing from a humble pen and a mighty mind. This author has focused on Basavanna’s Vachana Literature, to examine the social construction prevailing during Basavanna’s times and the enormous impact it created in his times that continues to hold good even today present times. English translation of his works have been used in this paper for research purposes.Basavanna became the pivotal force behind the 12th century bhakti movement and the vachana literature written during his times attempted to simplify life and religion. It goaded and nudged people to follow dharma, righteousness and not to believe superstitions. Although millions of vachanas were penned, many have been lost with still hundreds of thousands having seen the day. https://ijels.com/detail/transformation-through-literature-a-study-of-vachana-literature-and-its-impact-on-society/ Murali Ganesh B https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-10520216-Transformation.pdf Reading newspapers plays a significant role in the life of the reader depending on the preference given on the types of article. Although, there are many criticisms in the present context that the trends of the media have been towards financial benefits, some studies focus on the importance of reading newspapers in improving English Language Vocabulary in the target language. Several young researches have been conducted on the impact of reading newspapers, particularly English newspapers in improving vocabulary in the readers. However, the main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of reading a particular news column named ‘political gossips’ in improving the English Vocabulary of the adult learners depending on a literature review available in response to myriad articles published in the given newspaper. Despite many researches focuses on the impact of reading newspapers on different aspects of language learning, this conceptual paper attempts to shed some light on the benefits of reading newspapers particularly a selected news column and the challenges which adult learners face in comprehending and using the vocabulary picked up in reading. The findings of this study show that reading the given column in the newspaper not only improve the vocabulary of the adult learners but more importantly article challenges in comprehending and using them in a given context. In addition, the findings shows that there are advantages as well as disadvantages in reading the news column in improving the vocabulary. https://ijels.com/detail/a-review-of-the-impact-of-reading-political-gossips-column-in-daily-mirror-news-paper-on-improving-vocabulary-of-the-adult-learners/ G.H. Abeyweera https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-105202113-AReview.pdf The construction of gender is not an overnight formation, rather a continuous process intimately connected to other historical developments in society for generations. Feminist scholars, writers, and researchers have consistently insisted on percolating the message that "Gender is a social construct" because, the general image of women as docile, lovable, simple, and weak, creates the ground for exploitation, and denies its rightful place in society by the patriarchal determination. This is the reason; many feminist writers raise the subject of female identities, in order to give women a sense of belongingness in their fictional works. This paper examines cultural and other potential factors of gender construction in the society, as a contributing element for isolation and loss of identity of Women in a family through select works of Anita Desai. It also looks at gender relations globally; the socio-psychological compulsions while highlighting the fact, that men and women have rigidly defined roles as well as a range of social and moral obligations attached to these gender roles, which requires to be adhered to. https://ijels.com/detail/patriarchy-and-feminism-are-always-at-loggerheads-for-identity-primacy-a-study-through-the-fictions-of-anita-desai/ Dr. Sachidananda Panda https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-10520218-Patriarchy.pdf To examine the importance of Parappram Conference in the history of North Malabar and also discussed the growth and impact of Communist Party in Kerala Society and actual Importance of Pinaray Parappram Conference in the Political History of the North Malabar. The paper also tries to find out while the communist leaders select this place for the secret conference. https://ijels.com/detail/historicising-pinarayi-parappuram-communist-movement/ M. Babitha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-104202156-Historicising.pdf The prevalence of drunk driving incidences is alarming which significantly contributes on the causes of death and physical impairment. The anti-drunk driving law was established and being implemented, however drunk driving prevails. Few apprehensions are just recorded. It assessed the implementation of RA 10586 (Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013). It involved 114 motorist and 71 law enforcement officers from Laoag and Batac City and municipality of San Nicolas. This study used descriptive research design through a questionnaire, and unstructured interview. Random sampling was used for motorist and total enumeration for law enforcement officers. All the motorist are males, single, young-adult, college level, employed, have a drivers license with sufficient experienced however they lack seminar on RA 10586. The law enforcement officers are male dominated, married, young-adult, and attained college level. Majority are traffic enforcers and stayed long in the service and have some seminars and trainings related to RA 10586 and the traffic rules and regulations. The implementation of RA 10586 is often implemented, but there are also specific provisions of which they perceived differently, like in apprehension (motorists=often; LEO = always) and information, education, and communication campaign (motorist =often; LEO=sometimes). Law enforcers have very minimal involvement in IEC. Motorists claimed that the law enforcers are lax, discourteous and show misconduct. Corruption is not a problem. Law enforcers disclosed that motorists display disrespect, offer a bribe as an option for non-issuance of ticket, and escape penalties and dishonesty. https://ijels.com/detail/implementation-of-ra-10586-anti-drunk-and-drugged-driving-act-of-2013/ Jonah B. Badua https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-105202118-Implementation.pdf The main aim of this study is to examine the educational policy system of Kurdistan Region, teacher planning and attendance at kindergarten are inadequate. The problems in educational system are many for instance; lack of funding, low student motivation, low quality of kindergarten, lack of research, lack of rooms, lack of number of qualified teachers, out-dated curriculum. As a consequence, a large majority of Kurdistan graduates from emerge from kindergarten without the technical or social skills needed for them to be strong contributors in the future life. Education policy is principles and government arrangement making in instructive circle, and in addition the gathering of laws and tenets that administer the operation of instruction frameworks. Instruction happens in numerous structures for some reasons through numerous foundations. A quantitative method used to gather relevant information regarding the policy of educational system in kindergartens in Kurdistan region. Methods comprise the procedures used for generating, collecting and evaluating data. The researchers gathered data for the study through distributing questionnaires as primary data. The study was carried out in kindergartens in Erbil. The participants of the present study were 128 staff from different kindergartens in Erbil. The sampling technique will be random sampling method, where all employees from the kindergartens had equal chances of being selected for the sample. The population of the experimental study is all kindergartens in Erbil and the sample size is 128 units. Many different Kindergarten policies have been shown to produce positive effects on children’s learning and development, but those effects vary in size and persistence by type of program. Well-designed Kindergarten education policies produce long-term improvements in Kindergarten success, including higher achievement test scores, lower rates of grade repetition and special education, and higher educational attainment. Some Kindergarten policies are also associated with reduced delinquency and crime in childhood and adulthood. The strongest evidence suggests that economically disadvantaged children reap long-term benefits from Kindergarten. However, children from all other socioeconomic backgrounds have been found to benefit as well. Current public policies for child care, Children from middle-income families have least access, but many children in poverty also lack preschool experiences. Increasing Kindergarten subsidies under current federal and state policies is particularly unlikely to produce any meaningful improvements in children’s learning and development. Given the poor quality of much child care, it might instead produce mild negative consequences. https://ijels.com/detail/educational-system-the-policy-of-educational-system-in-kurdistan-region-in-public-kindergarten/ Bayad Jamal Ali, Bayar Gardi, Baban Jabbar Othman, Nechirwan Burhan Ismael, Sarhang Sorguli, Bawan Yassin Sabir, Shahla Ali Ahmed, Pshdar Abdalla Hamza, Hassan Mahmood Aziz, Govand Anwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-105202135-Educational.pdf This research investigates students' attitudes towards learning English in Private Universities. Attitude is considered as a necessary component in language learning. Therefore, a positive attitude is considered as one of the important factors that have an impact on language learning. By providing insight into the attitudes of Private Universities students towards learning English, it contributes to the teaching of English as a foreign language. The main purpose of this research is to reveal students’ attitudes towards learning English and find out how to make their attitudes positive. Language educators who know how to develop positive attitudes in students will be able to conduct interesting and effective classroom activities; get them to be more successful in learning English. The researcher points out that the main problem is the fact that students in Private Universities are not encouraged to English. This is one of the reasons why they have negative attitudes towards learning English. Students have a perception that they are forced to learn English. This causes them to be unwilling to learn English and develop target language skills. The researcher made use a questionnaire to obtain data about the learners’ attitudes and analyse them. The random sampling technique was used. All the first- and second-year students at English department of the college in Private Universities were selected randomly for the study. The English department had 214 first- and second-year students. The study revealed the fact that students have negative attitudes towards learning English in terms of emotional, behavioural and cognitive aspects. Thus, the first hypothesis is supported. As there is a statistically significant difference in Private Universities students’ attitudes towards learning English language by gender, the second hypothesis is supported. The third hypothesis is supported by the fact that there is a statistically significant difference in Private Universities students’ attitudes towards learning English language according to the duration of the study. According to the correlation test, the researcher came to the conclusion that there is correlation between three attitude factors: cognitive, behavioural and emotional. According to the correlation test, the researcher found out that cognitive has negative correlation (r=.-.249**, p https://ijels.com/detail/students-attitudes-towards-learning-english-in-the-kurdistan-region-of-iraq/ Shahla Ali Ahmed, Baban Jabbar Othman, Bayar Gardi, Bawan Yassin Sabir, Nechirwan Burhan Ismael, Pshdar Abdalla Hamza, Sarhang Sorguli, Hassan Mahmood Aziz, Bayad Jamal Ali, Govand Anwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-105202134-Students.pdf CO comes from incomplete combustion. CO can bind with hemoglobin 245 times faster than with oxygen. Workshop workers are one of the jobs that are at risk of being exposed to carbon monoxide every day. This systematic study aims to describe the factors associated with COHB levels in workshop workers. The research was conducted online using a systematic review by accessing journal databases such as Google Scholar, Portal Garuda, PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, ScienceDirect 2010-2020. It was screened by inclusion criteria (publication period, full-test access, observational research, independent and dependent variables) and exclusion criteria; seven articles matched the criteria. The results showed that the CO in the air could affect the COHb levels of workers. Especially the workers, as mechanics, have unacceptable levels of COHb. The duration of exposure and working period can increase the risk factors of COHb levels. https://ijels.com/detail/risk-factors-of-workers-cohb-levels-in-automotive-workshops/ Pritha Rahma Annisa, Budiyono Budiyono, Sulistiyani Sulistiyani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-10520219-RiskFactors.pdf The strategy of learning modules provides meaningful learning experiences to students, and has become a part of all-level teaching. This study sought to evaluate the Speech Smart Module (SSM) and to identify its effect on students' articulatory fluency in the subject of speech and oral communication. This was conceptualized to address students' problems in articulating segmental and suprasegmental sounds of English, lack of self-confidence, and lack of relevant and effective instructional materials. The study employed an experimental research design. The SSM as evaluated by content experts was rated very highly valid as to contents, relevance, acceptability, and instructional quality. Respondents of the study comprised students of Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) at Sultan Kudarat State University. Students were divided into control group (CG) and experimental groups (EG) based on their scores and level in the Job Enabling English Proficiency (JEEP) Placement Test. The SSM was employed as treatment in the EG group while traditional teaching was used in CG. After four (4) months of study, results revealed the effectiveness of SSM as instructional material in improving EGs' articulatory fluency level from poor to excellent whereas the CG had relatively improved from poor to fair. Hence, it is recommended to utilize the SSM among college students and for those who wish to improve their articulatory fluency and communication skills in English in general. https://ijels.com/detail/improving-students-articulatory-fluency-in-english-through-speech-smart-module/ Adrian V. Protacio https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-105202121-Improving.pdf This paper is about review of a book entitled ‘Fundamentals of Academic Writing’ one of a series of books on the same topic which had been published intending for novice learners or more accurately novice writers of academic papers for the purpose of publication. The book ‘Fundamentals in Academic Writing’ authored by Linda Butler has been focused in particular for those who learn English as a Second or Foreign Language at any given level, be it students of Colleges, adult learners or the learners at secondary level. The text has been composed with a circumspect approach structuring the book in such a way extending support in developing essential skills in writing such as understanding writing as a process, and building (according to the writer Linda Butler) confidence and becoming independent writers. This book review therefore encourages learners to study, allude as a guide rather than a reference book for developing their academic writing skills at any level. https://ijels.com/detail/fundamentals-of-academic-writing-longman-academic-series-linda-butler-pearson-longman-2007-p236-isbn-9780131995574-isbn-013199557x/ G. H. Abeyweera https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-105202138-Fundamentals.pdf This research papers attempts to discuss the organization of fifty descriptive writings by the students of Certificate Course in English for School Leavers (CCESL) offered by the Centre for Open & Distance Learning of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. This discussion is carried out through qualitative analysis of schematic organization, choice of the themes and themes development. Amongst many elements required for any piece of writing to be well accepted, organization of a written text is a salient element in producing a meaningful and purposive text. Thus, knowing the students’ competency in writing an accepted text would be worthwhile to assess the standard of writing. For this research, a qualitative approach is applied by employing a few theories proposed by Gerot and Wignell (1995), and Eggins (2004) respectively. It is interesting to find that most of the students are familiar with local and topical themes while hardly any number paying attention to foreign text familiarity. However, thematic development and repeating chosen them seem common in their writing. Based on the discussion of writings of the students of CCESL, it was found that the organization of their writing was more perfunctory and less organized as a considerable number of written texts do no have either beginning and end or middle or one of the three elements. Further, their writing seems to be dull as they were not employed myriad sentence structures in their writing which in other terms reveal that their skills in writing has to be improved to a satisfactory level. As a remedy, it is suggested that students ought to undergo a rigorous practice in writing to learn as to how to organize their ideas on given texts in producing descriptive written discourses. https://ijels.com/detail/organization-of-descriptive-writing-with-reference-to-the-writings-of-the-students-of-certificate-course-in-english-for-school-leavers-uva-wellassa-university-of-sri-lanka/ G.H. Abeyweera https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-105202139-Organization.pdf Virginia Woolf is perhaps should be most celebrated for her experimentations in the form of the novel and her playing with time, stream of consciousness and narrative point of view, all of which are very sophisticated in To the Lighthouse and change the novel from straight storytelling to a much more experimental and a multidimensional of a literary form. What interests in this paper that she does that formal experimentation, while at the same time dealing with some of the key themes of scepticism and human connection of intimacy and knowledge that are important as modernism unfolds in the early 20th century. It is an attempt to examine some of those ideas and how they are 'consumed' in her fiction To the Lighthouse. Virginia Woolf was considered 'the ordinary' or 'the everyday' and she did so by focusing on family dynamics to underscore the key issues afflicting European society at the beginning of the 20th century. The moments of sadism and alienation of World War I and Spanish flue as depicted in To the Lighthouse can be juxtaposed to the horrors of Covid-19 Pandemic time. It is worth revisiting the philosophical inclinations of To the Lighthouse. https://ijels.com/detail/dialectic-of-knowledge-and-intimacy-reading-virginia-woolf-s-to-the-lighthouse-in-the-time-of-pandemic-new-normal/ Muhammed Jabir MP https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-105202132-Dialectic.pdf A prolific writer of Indian writing in English, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has always aimed at giving voices to female characters in her novels like MISTRESS OF SPICES, SISTERS OF MY HEART, PALACE OF ILLUSIONS and many more. Writing in a Postmodern world where women issues are still relevant though different from the medieval times,she aims at creating fiction which all women can relate to. Feminism as a movement should not lose its significance even in this Postmodern society especially in a country like India which is yet to set itself free from the bars of age-old prejudices related to the existence of a woman; as Simone De Beauvoir speaks about it in her renowned work THE SECOND SEX arguing that women are socially conditioned to assume the role of a ‘woman’ in stereotypical terms. https://ijels.com/detail/relevance-of-chitra-benerjee-divakaruni-s-palace-of-illusions/ Anurupa Ghosh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-105202142-Relevanceof.pdf Nigeria is known to be a multi ethnic nation that practices different kinds of music. It has also been observed that not all Nigerian performers are actually professionals in their various areas of specialization because of the standard of their performances. Moreso, some claim to be music professionals because they are academic musicians. Practicing music professionally means to be skillful, versatile, creative, expressive, educative, inspiring, etc. Therefore, this research reviews who really are professionals in music practice and gives some important tips for a professional in music practice. It makes expositions in some areas of musical professionalism in Nigeria, such as; Professionalism in Vocal Music (Sacred and Secular), Professionalism in Instrumentation, Professionalism in Church Music, Professionalism in Pop Music, Professionalism in African Music and Professionalism in theory of Music. The researchers find this work necessary because it brought out what it takes to practice music professionally and expresses why an academic musician should also be more skillful in practice in other to prove the worth of using the word “Professional”. https://ijels.com/detail/professional-music-practice-the-nigeria-example/ Folorunso David Jayeola https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-105202145-Professional.pdf Loneliness is a part of the human condition. It is not synonymous with being alone because one can be alone and not feel lonely. It can drive people into all kinds of social and mental problems, often making life almost unbearable for themselves and for those around them. People experience it subjectively when certain needs are deprived. There are many possible sources of loneliness, both situational, circumstantial and personal or psychological. There is bitterness in the feeling of loneliness. Generally people take refuge in isolation, in an attempt to escape from the world of reality. Lonely women experience a kind of death-in-life and also a feeling of anxiety, emptiness, shyness and boredom. Nearly breaking them psychologically. Tennessee Williams attempts to depict the problems of lonely broken women in his plays. His dramas can be read as an obsession with loneliness and enduring dread of inevitably failed communication. https://ijels.com/detail/the-lonely-victims-of-the-glass-menagerie/ K. Kamalaveni, Dr. R. Venkataraman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-105202123-TheLonely.pdf Floods are natural phenomena that give rise to a wave of interest in the management of space especially following their recurrences and intensifications. In order to prevent them, it is essential to carry out risk assessment studies.For this purpose, several methods of flood risk assessment and modeling are used. Of all, combination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multicriteria Analysis guarantees considerable accuracy in results obtained. This methodology combines risk identification and spatialization of results using the WLC algorithm to perform complex calculations on each pixel. Hazard criteria (soil types, slope, rainfall, altitude, groundwater potential and water accumulation) and vulnerability criteria (land use, degree of poverty and population density) were identified, standardized, weighted and aggregated during the analysis based on Hierarchical Analysis Process and Weighted Linear Combination algorithm.Weighted superposition of hazard and vulnerability criteria maps reveals four categories of flood risk areas. These are areas with a low risk of flooding (17.69%), areas with medium flood risk (50.28%), areas with high risk of flooding (27.39%) and areas with very high flood risk (4.64%).Thus, 32.03% of the study area presents a significant flood risk, precisely in the districts of Kpoulou, Ahoyeye, Igana, Issaba, Adja-Ouèrè and Massè. A significant portion of the 18,000 households in these boroughs are at risk of flooding, which threatens human lives and socio-economic activities. https://ijels.com/detail/flood-risk-assessment-by-a-multicriteria-spatial-analysis-in-the-municipalities-of-pob-and-adja-ou-r/ Akibou A. AKINDELE, Lionel TODOME https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-105202115-Floodrisk.pdf Social Media is part and parcel of our everyday lives. And since millennials have been interacting on social media on a constant basis, writing is one of the skills by means of which they interact. The intent of this paper is to measure students’ social media usage and explore the relationship between these technologies and writing ability among Moroccan university EFL students. In particular, this study employs the explanatory sequential mixed-methods design as a means of researching the reciprocity between social media use and its effects on the writing skill. The findings have indicated that Moroccan university students’ social media use habits exert significant impacts on the writing skill and that most of them are susceptible to potential risks pertaining to the use of social media. The reported findings gave sufficient proof that social media is a convenient tool to develop better writing skills. Hence, social media literacy should be integrated in the curriculum. https://ijels.com/detail/social-media-use-and-its-effects-on-writing-ability-among-moroccan-university-efl-students/ Mounim Lakhal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-105202141-SocialMedia.pdf No previous research tackles the issue of household work in the Moroccan Amazigh context. In Morocco, household work is still restricted to Amazigh women. Wives perform a far greater proportion of household work than husbands. Moroccan Amazigh Couples may share household work, but not specific tasks. Household tasks have remained highly sex-typed and are shared quite unequally among most, if not all, married couples. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that the gender-based inequality in the division of household work is a hot issue that attracts the attention of most family research scholars. This study adds extra depth to further our understanding of the lopsided division of household work by hypothesizing that childhood socialization might influence the way male-breadwinner couples divide household work. Parents’ domestic work practices may have a great impact on the type of tasks undertaken by husbands and wives at the time when they were male and female children. Results indicate that childhood socialization and spouses’ gender ideologies have a great impact on the actual division of household work among male-breadwinner couples. Changes in the traditional division of labor are likely to come from couples experiencing paternal domestic involvement during childhood. https://ijels.com/detail/the-division-of-household-work-in-moroccan-amazigh-male-breadwinner-families-with-young-children/ Bouchra El Kemma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-105202144-TheDivision.pdf This work aims to investigate different teaching ethics methodologies for university graduate students in order to recognize and prevent fraud in all sectors of industry because they will get involved in the industry following their study at the University. There are various arguments against the concept that university graduate students are included in the paper. In practically everyone industry, there are many fraud occurrences because of educated professionals that have no sense of ethical standards that are associated with their career except for iliterate fraudsters. Each industry has established its ethical rules that will give guidance to professionals who execute them in everyday life. A study at a private university was conducted. A quantitative way for analyzing this paper. In order to analyze this study, a questionnaire was carried out. In the private university of Erbil, 170 questionnaires were distributed, 158 were received, however of the 158 questionnaires, only 146 were valid and completed properly. According to several regression analyzes, traditional lectures had the highest value. A classic lecture is one of the ways that can achieve educational objectives. https://ijels.com/detail/academic-teaching-skills-determining-the-methods-of-teaching-to-undergraduate-students/ Bayad Jamal Ali, Govand Anwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-105202161-Academic.pdf The current research aims to investigate how English Language Learners help their students improve their vocabulary at private university at Kurdistan. Since vocabulary knowledge has a significant role in mastering the new language and in attaining total academic achievement, especially when language is used as a medium of instruction. Students in Kurdistan need English language practically rather than only for fulfilling the academic demand to obtain a certain degree, at the same time in order to help students be successful in practicing English language as a second language they need to gain greater knowledge of the language. Learning vocabulary is an important factor in learning English language, therefore it is very important to address the question of how students build and create their vocabularies, what kind of strategies do they employ in order to learn new vocabulary; therefore the current study is to examine the variety and range of vocabulary learning strategies among students. The findings of this study revealed that (Memory, Cognitive, metacognitive and social) strategies had positive relation with self-regulatory capacities in vocabulary learning. The highest value was for social strategy (B=.547), accordingly social strategy had a strong positive relationship with self-regulatory capacity in vocabulary learning. https://ijels.com/detail/vocabulary-learning-strategies-and-foreign-language-acquisition-at-private-schools/ Bayad Jamal Ali, Govand Anwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-105202162-Vocabulary.pdf This qualitative research employing semiotics analysis sought to discover the signs and meanings in the Hiligaynon contemporary stories. This study utilized the Order of Signification by Barthes (1957): denotative, connotative, and ideology. In analyzing the data of this study, the denotative meaning of every significant element found in stories was taken from the dictionary and in some cases was based on the context of the stories while the connotative meaning and ideological meaning were the perception and analysis of the researchers in relation to their knowledge and view of the society. The study is taking into considerations how meanings in different levels are created, the process by which meanings occur. Results reveal that denotative meanings of signs are agreed meaning objectively linked to the word represented. Connotative meaning is linked to emotions and feelings invoked and ideological meanings present beliefs established in the society. Findings revealed that words as signs are polysemic and open to different interpretations. In general, although words in denotation have fixed meaning, they could be interpreted and mean differently in the connotation which may yield various beliefs or worldview in the ideology. Therefore, one must take careful thought in interpreting or ascribing meaning to a word. https://ijels.com/detail/signs-and-meanings-in-hiligaynon-contemporary-stories/ James Frollan R. Villanueva, Dr. Riceli C. Mendoza https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-105202124-Signsand.pdf In recent years, more and more universities pay more attention to the improvement of college students’ education quality, have carried out undergraduate teaching reform. Among them, the implementation of the major transferring of college students has been a highlight in the current university undergraduate teaching reform. Meanwhile, English learning motivation is one of the most important factors that affect the English learners' learning achievements. How to cultivate and stimulate English learners' motivation has been concerned by the English teachers and researchers at home and abroad nowadays. On the basis, this article reviews domestic and foreign researches on college students’ major transferring and their English learning motivation, expect to bring enlightenment for the further research. https://ijels.com/detail/a-review-on-college-transfer-majors-and-their-english-learning-motivations/ Zhang Jingyi, Peng Yi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-105202148-Areviewon.pdf Haruki Murakami’s novels have been widely studied and praised for their depiction of human feelings and nature but the role of his short stories in discussing complex social phenomena has largely been overlooked. “The Elephant Vanishes” is a brilliant story set in 1980s Japan which focuses on the clash between materialism and spiritualism but a postmodernist analysis tells us this ‘clash’ and ‘binary opposition’ of ideologies is not as straightforward as one would imagine. Also, it also reveals that trying to find any grand and objective solution to the problem of the clash might be of no use. The plot is multilayered, complex and somewhat confusing, thanks to the narrator’s ambivalence which is suggestive and telling at times. This paper seeks to unearth what’s beneath the plot and aims to show how the clash between spiritualism and materialism could be interpreted from a postmodernist viewpoint. https://ijels.com/detail/a-postmodernist-rendition-of-the-clash-between-materialism-and-spiritualism-in-haruki-murakami-s-the-elephant-vanishes/ Sharifuzzaman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-105202128-Apostmodernist.pdf This paper will analyze the key women characters in Vijay Tendulkar's Silence! The Court is in Session, Tennessee Williams' A Street Car named Desire and The Glass Menagerie. Williams and Tendulkar share certain similar traits in representing the middle-class lifestyle, the innate character of humans, especially with women's desire, space and oppression. The lead women characters that this paper will focus on include Miss. Benare, Blanche DuBois, Amanda Wingfield and Laure Wingfield. Both the playwrights use techniques like game, trap, reversal and violence in their plays. Neither all the protagonistic women characters in the plays exhibit attention for pity, nor they are dependent or submissive. How can women with endurance, passion, courage be categorized a victim? They are bold, independent and possess no traits of a victim except their gender. Williams and Tendulkar sculpted their women characters with complexity. They are paradoxical - independent yet trapped, unremitting yet victimized, passionate yet restricted, admirable yet pitied. Laura and Amanda are indeed quite different from Benare and Blanche. While Laura and Amanda find solace retiring into their imagination, Blanche and Benare struggle with the sordid reality. Unanimously all women characters remain contented in their "women's space" - a space where a woman is at her liberty with her own body, thoughts and emotions. The current paper will further delve into the reasons behind the relationship the women victims establish with their male victimizers. https://ijels.com/detail/the-paradox-of-women-as-victims-in-the-selected-plays-of-tennessee-williams-and-vijay-tendulkar/ Aishwarya Mohan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-105202146-TheParadoxof.pdf Bound by circumstance and repression of untold miseries every woman fights her silent battle all through her life. Invariably, her battle is with the society, the male-dominated society and it’s strong conventions. Somewhere during this process, she is caught in a serious conflict within herself. This conflict of hers is so intricate that she feels lost and dejected, feeling an emptiness within. Few women are driven by their eagerness to break free from the shackles of this male-dominant society amidst the many, who choose to suffer silently. Namita Gokhale’s women are those selected few who display a strong desire for freedom. Their quest to build a strong identity reverberates through her literary works. Namita foresees women who are free and unbound by any conventionality. This journey towards freedom enables women to unfold their new selves. Both the novels taken for study are set in different social and cultural backgrounds. The characters chosen for study belong to different strata of the society encountering different levels of challenges. They don’t settle for anything less. They are unstoppable in their own ways. In Tilottama, the protagonist of the novel Things to Leave Behind, one can see Namita’s decisive and unyielding personality who is ready to leave many things behind, in her fascinating journey towards progress. In Paro, the protagonist of the novel Paro: Dreams of Passion, she emerges as a feminist through her non-conformity to any kind of bondage whatsoever. https://ijels.com/detail/unfolding-new-selves-in-new-structures-study-of-namita-gokhale-s-things-to-leave-behind-and-paro-dreams-of-passion/ Dr. Anitha. R, Mrs.Vani S https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-105202110-Unfolding.pdf Based on continuous wavelet transform and volatility spillover index of VAR system, this paper quantifies the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and oil price. The result of continuous wavelet transform shows the international oil price is notably related to economic policy uncertainty of world’s major economies in 4-month time scope or longer. Besides, the economic policy uncertainty has dynamic net volatility spillover effect to oil price which shows a upward trend. In the background of intensified global economic friction, the research of economic policy uncertainty and oil price relationship is of great realistic significance to ensure China’s energy security. https://ijels.com/detail/economic-policy-uncertainty-and-international-oil-price-volatility-based-on-continuous-wavelet-transformation-and-volatility-spillover-effect-analysis/ Yan Han https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-105202140-EconomicPolicy.pdf This study focuses on the racial and postcolonial methods as ways of reading and understanding literary texts. By applying them to literary works, one can study characters and verify their issues and suffering at some point in the course of their life within the top-quality novel. Critical and analytical, these two approaches expose the suffering of characters who try to fit in society due to racial discrimination, so the human principles are not valued or considered, leaving the characters to fight and struggle severely. This study displays how the biased society treats the character in the given work as an outsider. Thus, this study investigates one outsider, Heathcliff, by realizing the negative impacts of the racial and postcolonial approach to his life. Heathcliff is the protagonist in Wuthering Heights that Emily Bronte (1818-1848) wrote in 1847. This paper looks into the reasons for Heathcliff’s alienation and suffering in society due to his race, origin, and color. One can noticeably grasp his severe suffering, difficulties, and alienation in this work. https://ijels.com/detail/the-outsider-in-wuthering-heights/ Ayman Khaled Hussein, Prof. Madya Mohd Nazri bin Latiff Azmi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-105202150-TheOutsider.pdf Education is seen as a significant tool for assisting pupils in changing their behavior in accordance with their requirements and societal expectations. Anxiety and attitude among students are seen as necessary components of learning, and as a result, they play a significant role in second language acquisition. The major goal of this research is to look at the elements that influence students' anxiety when learning a language at Erbil's private universities. Students' anxiety was measured using a quantitative research method, which included dread of unfavorable assessment, communication apprehension, and exam anxiety. The researcher adapted and adjusted a survey developed by prior academics and was able to collect the essential data. The researcher was able to collect 92 surveys that were properly completed. To assess each of the research hypotheses, multiple regression analysis was used. The results of this study demonstrated that students' fear of negative anxiety was associated with a higher degree of anxiety when it came to learning a language, while students' test anxiety was associated with a lower value among other variables. https://ijels.com/detail/anxiety-and-foreign-language-learning-analysis-of-students-anxiety-towards-foreign-language-learning/ Bayad Jamal Ali, Govand Anwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-106202119-Anxiety.pdf The central idea upon which plays of Micheal Frayn are established is that a text or event is reborn and reconstructed every time it is recited or recalled. He sublimated history, physics, and various dramatic techniques into splendid drama to reflect upon the dilemmas thrown to the human in today’s world of indeterminacy. It will be explored how Frayn has plied ‘uncertainty principle’ to drama with a distance from Becket and Brecht by analyzing three plays. Furthermore, his expressed perspective on the Brechtian notion of the ‘alienation effect’ is discussed. The plays chosen for this article areNoises Off (1982), Audience (1991), and Copenhagen (1998). https://ijels.com/detail/the-art-of-uncertainty-a-scrutiny-in-theatre-of-michael-frayn/ Midia Mohammadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-10620213-TheArtof.pdf The question of rampant environmental degradation resulting from the ambitious Chinese projects and policies in the Tibet region of People’s Republic of China in the recent decades has been raised not only by environmentalists but also by the contemporary Tibetan writers and poets. The mission undertaken by the Chinese government to ‘modernize’ Tibet has subsequently resulted in polluting and destroying the ecosystem of the region. Surviving and thriving in the difficult terrains of the ‘Roof of the World’ since antiquity, the Tibetan people had mastered the skilful balancing of their needs and the resources provided by Mother Nature in a way that both had existed in perfect harmony until the mid-twentieth century. The contemporary Tibetan writings voices the disruption of this harmonious relationship in the recent past. The paper will critically explore this disruption by employing Ecocritical approach to A Home in Tibet, a memoir by Tibetan author and poet in exile- Tsering Wangmo Dhompa. This non-fiction prose by Dhompa is laudable for its depiction of the deep association of Tibetan people with the natural flora and faunaof their homeland Tibet. Dhompa’s use of ecological settings and landscapes provides ample opportunity to study the problem of environmental awareness in modern Tibet. The paper will examine the conflict between the essentiality of modernization and the necessity of ecological consciousness in the Tibetan case by demonstrating the ecological implications visible in her book. https://ijels.com/detail/the-soil-and-green-shoots-ecocritical-reading-of-a-home-in-tibet/ Priyanka D’Rozario, Dr. Sunil Kumar Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-105202157-TheSoil.pdf This descriptive study focused on the Modular Distance Learning (MDL) expenses of Muñoz National High School – Main Senior High School (MNHS-Main SHS) teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifty-five teachers were the respondents of the study. Data gathering was done online, a digitized version of the researcher-devised questionnaire was accomplished by the respondents through Google Forms. Basic descriptive statistics such as frequency, ranking, and percentage were utilized to compute the data. Results of the study show that for the 1st semester of the S.Y. 2020-2021, teachers have incurred at most 4,000 pesos monthly for the aforesaid supplies and allowances. Delayed release of allowances, bonuses, and other incentives leads teachers to incur out-of-pocket expenses. MDL implementation can put teachers' health at risk during module distribution and retrieval, resulting in an increase in workload for teachers, particularly when it comes to sorting and packing modules, as well as additional costs for school and office supplies, health and safety supplies, transportation allowances, and communication allowances. Thus, the study suggested that reimbursement procedures and requirements should be eased for a faster grant. A cellphone should be allotted by the school for teachers to communicate with their students and their parents. Moreover, teachers should be given access to the school's internet connection for effective communication and attendance at webinars. DepEd should also speed up its release of delayed allowances, bonuses, and other incentives. https://ijels.com/detail/modular-distance-learning-expenses-of-senior-high-school-teachers-amidst-the-pandemic/ Cristoni A. Macaraeg, Jall R. Barcelo, Dory Nell G. Reyes, Monica E. Merculio, Jewel A. Bernardo, Mercedes D. Santos https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-106202111-Modular.pdf This study traced the employability of the Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) graduates of the Bulacan State University (BulSU) from the batch AY 2015-2016 to AY 2018-2019. The study also aimed to assess the graduates’ perceptions of the University’s contribution to the graduates’ skills development. The Graduate Tracer Study was the primary source of this study. This study used frequency, percentage, and ranking to describe the data gathered from the alumni. The majority of traced alumni were: 20 to 25 years of age, primarily male, single, and are employed. Moreover, most of the employed graduates are regular/permanent, working in the Philippines, found their first job within 1 to 6 months, earning P 10,000.00 to P 20,000.00, and are either professional, technical, or supervisory as their first job level position. I.T. skills were the most acquired and useful skills of the respondents of the College. It implies that I.T. skills were the most useful for the graduates in their job, followed by Problem Solving and Critical Thinking skills. The graduates’ job roles are mostly from the primary job roles of BSIT, mainly Web and Application Developer, as referenced to the CMO No. 25 s. 2015. https://ijels.com/detail/bachelor-of-science-in-information-technology-at-bulacan-state-university-a-graduate-tracer-study/ Aaron Paul Dela Rosa, Gabriel Galang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-105202160-Bachelorof.pdf This paper studies the characters and the methods of characterization John Lyly uses in his euphuistic court play Endymion: The Man in the Moon (1591). The characters gather mythological, allegorical, and historical significance and are arranged in a hierarchy from the moon down to earth. The techniques the writer uses include the traditional methods of characterization through speech and action. And since the events in the play do not reach the level of a plot in the Aristotelian definition, which prevailed in the Renaissance, the writer underplays the method of character depiction through action. He, however,gives a lot of attention to portraying the characters through their utterance. This results from the fact that the characters spend most of the time talking about their attitudes, their relationships, and the few events that take place in the play. Lyly also uses the less traditional method of juxtaposition and social positioning. Juxtaposition is generated from the binary nature of Endymion and the crowd of antithetical pairs of characters that populate the drama. The social positioning method of character portrayal places the characters in a stratified social, allegorical, and mythical structure from which they gather various collective attributes by belonging to the given layers in the formatted structure. The article means to shed light on Lyly's dramaturgy by studying these means of character depiction. https://ijels.com/detail/characters-and-characterization-in-john-lyly-s-endymion-the-man-in-the-moone/ Mufeed Al-Abdullah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-105202159-Characters.pdf Our entire human civilization is said to have originated on the banks of rivers. It continues to provide us with food, water and livelihood. The same rivers today are black and muddy. We live in a world where culture has superimposed nature causing errands of natural disasters. Natural disasters occur as a result of human greed and exploitation. A River by A. K. Ramanujan and The Ghaghra in Spate by Keki N. Daruwalla are often compared poems about rivers in deluge. The paper aims to look at these poems from an ecological perspective. https://ijels.com/detail/rivers-in-deluge-degradation-and-ecological-restoration-in-the-poems-of-a-k-ramanujan-and-keki-n-daruwalla/ Hema S, Hitha Haridas, Nimisha P https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-105202154-Riversin.pdf This study aimed to reveal the perceptions of the senior high school students in the utilization of loanwords (New Englishes) in the new k-12 English Language Curriculum English for Specific Purposes. The respondents were 46 Senior High School Students. The data were collected through interviews and analyzed through content analysis. It was found out that English for Academic Purposes was implemented properly but the challenge was the students and teachers were having a difficult strategy in familiarizing loanwords due to the lack of necessary materials, students do not have time for thorough reading, researching on the website and level of determination in Examinations. https://ijels.com/detail/utilization-of-the-new-englishes-in-the-k-12-curriculum-english-for-specific-purposes-senior-high-school-s-perspective/ Emardy T. Barbecho https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-105202143-Utilization.pdf The outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) severely threatened people's health and safety for a long period. It has caused a serious impact on people's work, life, and learning. Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions in an attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. These nationwide closures are impacting over 91% of the world’s student population (UNESCO, 2020). As a response to the interruption of education due to the crisis, this study compares emergency remote learning cases in three countries, namely India, China, and the United States, narrating the overall view, reflections, and lessons learnt in the education field. The findings show that there are some common challenges that all of the three countries are facing, like ensuring every student having access to remote education, unprepared teachers, increased burden of parents as well as students’ lack of self‐discipline when isolated at home. With challenges, come opportunities such as education transformation from a traditional system to a new era as well as improvement of digital literacy. Finally, suggestions on improving remote education from the viewpoint of policymakers, teachers, and students are given to escalate the level of remote education during the pandemic, so as to promote the reform of information-based education. https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparative-study-of-emergency-remote-education-amid-covid-19/ Liu Zhixuan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-105202158-AComparative.pdf In today's dynamic world, there's a huge shift in our philosophies, knowledge and our scheme. With ac-culturation creating a powerful impact on Indian society, the present Indian society may be a hybrid ver-sion of uniting of its authentic attributes and its Western counterparts' characteristics. The shift in social structure alongside advancement in technology features a nice influence on our life, our holistic well-being. The study aims at establishing the stress level in Indian adolescents pursuing various academic courses, namely science and arts. The sample size of the research was 120, where 60 were from science stream and 60 were from arts. These 60 students in each stream were further bifurcated into 30 males and 30 females. The stress levels of the students were calculated using Stress questionnaire by Moham-mad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip. The students were asked to fill the questionnaire as honestly as possible after they were asked to sign a consent form. Thereafter, the data was utilized in calculating the t-test us-ing SPSS. The findings of the research suggest that there is a significance difference in the stress level of students pursuing arts and students pursuing science. The study aims at establishing findings that would help manage the stress levels of the students that has been on increase and also curb it in order to in-crease the efficiency and working of the students; resulting in the growth and development of the society. https://ijels.com/detail/comparative-study-of-stress-among-students-of-differ-ent-streams-science-and-arts/ Shubham Sharma, Dr. B.P. Chamola, Nikita Pandey https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-105202122-Comparative.pdf The Present research paper aims at highlighting the cinematic representation of the works of Chetan Bhagat. The major emphasis is laid on the Chetan Bhagat writing which has been adapted into movies. Like this vibrant media and entertainment (M&E) industry provides attractive growth opportunities for global corporation. Bollywood, as the Hindi film industry is popularly known is the largest contributor to the Film industry and language cinema industries such as Bengali, Bhojpuri, Marathi and Gujarati. Although, this industry is the largest in the world in terms of the number of films it produces. It’s not only Bollywood, even most of the successful Hollywood films are based on literary works. But film makers satisfy the hunger of a large heterogeneous audience with the element of Entertainment. The idea of screen adaptations is dates back years ago when people had limited options for entertainment and recreational activities. The study is based on movies made in Bollywood which have been inspired by the writings of novelists. This is a qualitative research in which Chetan Bhagat’s novel Five Point Someone, 2 States: The story of My Marriage, 3 Mistakes of my life, Half girlfriend and Revolution 2020 have been taken up by Bollywood film makers to make movies 3 Idiots,2 States, Kai Po Che, Half Girlfriend and Revolution 2020 respectively. Chetan Bhagat, pioneers the way towards new era where he has been picked up by the Bollywood maker consistently. Whatever might be the reason, he is capable enough to shatters the all critics opinion on the ground of his success. https://ijels.com/detail/cinematic-adaptation-from-literature-a-study-of-chetan-bhagat-s-novels/ Monika Chaudhary https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-105202156-Cinematic.pdf A brilliantly affecting novel, The Shadow Lines penned by the Sahitya Akademi Award winner, Amitav Ghosh, reflects the trepidation and anxieties of its protagonist in a manner, which relates to the fragmented associations one has with their identity and their sense of nationalism. This paper explores the question of identity one has within the boundaries of these imaginary lines and how they affect the sense of nationalism in the body of the people immured by them. https://ijels.com/detail/discovering-shadow-lines-and-their-effects-on-nationalist-identity-in-amitav-ghosh-s-the-shadow-lines/ Pragya Dhiman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-106202110-Discovering.pdf Sudha Murty is an Indian writer who writes in both Kannada and English language. Her books are loved by young and adults, and have been translated in many other Indian languages. This research paper focuses on women in the short stories by Sudha Murty with special reference to her first book for children in English, How I Taught My Grandmother to Read and Other Stories. In the short stories Sudha writes about the women who have impacted her life in various ways. The women in the stories stand as an example of the roles that are usually played by most of the women and also describe issues faced by them. Not only does she write about the problems that a woman faces, but how a woman has the strength to make a difference in her own life and in the lives of others. This paper looks at the women characters in the light of their role in inculcating values, importance of education in their lives, problems of gender inequality and infertility. https://ijels.com/detail/women-in-sudha-murty-s-short-stories/ Disha Esther Ramtek https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-10620211-Womenin.pdf India is considered a heterogeneous society having multiple cultures. This philosophical system is represented by what is called ‘unity in diversity’. In a multicultural society people of different cultures, races, ethnicities, nationalities live together. Several Indians migrated to totally different countries all over the world either as a part of colonization or for their work. Diasporic literature is the result of this migration. Cultural Pluralism, diversity or multiculturalism is apparent in diasporic literature especially in the works many Indian diasporic writers. Diasporic or migrant writers, particularly the Indian diaspora in the US and other parts of the world, have a noticeable impact on the contemporary literature. Some of the diasporic writers’ works are largely set in India, America and parts of the world. Being immigrants, they are caught between various cultures. In their novels, we can trace the challenges of living in a multicultural world, and also the issues faced by the Indian communities there. There are some Diasporic writers who have established themselves in the literary world such as V S Naipaul, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, Bharathi Mukherjee, Anita Desai, Amitav Ghosh, Salman Rushdie, Jhumpa Lahiri, Shashi Tharoor, Meena Alexander, Kiran Desai etc. have attracted the readers through their uniqueness in themes, and the most important characteristics of these writers is the blending of various cultures. Whenever these writers accentuate the life of the characters in their novels, they use Indian culture or we can see the element of Indianness. This paper focuses on how multiculturalism influences the Diasporic writers like Bharathi Mukherjee and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. https://ijels.com/detail/multiculturalist-aspect-in-bharathi-mukherjee-s-jasmine-and-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni-s-arranged-marriage/ Akhila Raj https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-10620219-Multiculturalist.pdf This research investigated the level of adaptability and performance of junior and senior high school teachers in Guimba, Nueva Ecija as their response to the rapidly transforming academic world. It utilized descriptive-correlational research and researchers-made instrument. The researchers discovered that the responders are on average 37 years old. They were usually master's degree holders who were single. The majority of them focused on Science and Mathematics as their areas of specialization. The bulk of them dealt with one to five distinct disciplines depending on the number of courses they taught. They have six to seven teaching loads at any given time. In terms of their other related work, the majority of them have two other associated works. Teachers have very satisfactory teaching performance and a high level of adaptability in completing other related jobs and adapting to a fast-changing academic environment. Lastly, teachers with a high level of adaptation also have a high level of teaching performance. https://ijels.com/detail/teachers-level-of-adaptability-and-performance-their-response-to-the-rapidly-transforming-academic-world/ Leslie M. Andres, Jacqueline B. Dela Cruz, Mila P. Gonzaga, Irene S. Rodriguez, Julie A. Sanchez, Arjay F. Ortiz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-106202118-Teachers.pdf This research studied the efficiency of the Online Learning Management Platform for telecommunication (Telco) retail employees. The researchers conducted online surveys and interviews with 36 senior managers and trainers that have experience on both traditional and online learning platforms. The researchers found out that costs, manpower, and learning retention are the factors that need to be considered in the efficacy of online learning systems in training and seminars for continuous improvement of skills. Telco retail employees deal directly with customers, it is very important that they receive adequate training on how to provide great customer service and increase sales. This paper concludes that the adoption of online LMS of companies requires trainers to upgrade their training skills and knowledge. The findings and conclusions are relevant in the present time. https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparative-study-on-the-efficiency-of-online-learning-management-platform-for-telecommunications-store-retail-employees-in-2020/ Hazel Joy Nacino, Ma. Christiana Mae L. Ilagan, Sienna Marie V. Evangelista, Venus S. Vallejos, Ferlene S. Olpindo, Jennifer G. Fronda https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-106202121-AComparative.pdf Psychoanalysis, one of the modern theories, that are employed in English literature to interpret the hidden meaning of a literary text. It also helps to examine the innate conglomerate of the writer's personality. It also helps to understand the factors that contribute to his experience from birth to the period of writing a book. Paula Hawkins represented the toxic effects of personality disorders in The Girl on the Train through Megan. Megan experienced Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Histrionic Personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Thus, Paula Hawkins had expressed it through an ambiguous style of narration by the novel The Girl on the Train. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-personality-disorders-a-psycho-analytical-overview-of-paula-hawkins-the-girl-on-the-train/ Hima S Madhu, Arsha Vincent S https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-106202113-Exploring.pdf The paper attempts to present a feminist critique of the theory of gaze and its consequence in the representation of gender and sexual difference in western culture’s phallogocentric discourse and the privilege to masculine vision that this discourse asserts in the construction of the feminine body as passive, erotic and corporeal. The purpose of this study is to elaborate on the patriarchal ways of seeing, highlighting the role that vision plays in the masculine production and propagation of the feminine corporeal body, predominant in the visual and textual language fabricated in an androcentric society. https://ijels.com/detail/gendering-the-phallic-gaze-masculinity-body-and-the-erotic-spectacle/ Amartya Karmakar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-106202114-Gendering.pdf Images and Symbols are of great significance to any piece of literary work. Through its overtones it implies much more in addition to literal or primary meaning. In the process of describing the abstract through concrete subjects, it provides fresh insights and artistic expressions that supplant bland writing. This article attempts to examine the substantive and stylistic concerns connected to Symbolism as rendered by the Odia writer, Surendra Mohanty in his novel Kalantara (The Changeover, translated by Gurudev Meher). The article shall demonstrate the deeper meanings beneath its literary function. The events that occur in the novel are significant in a manner of foreshadowing the ethereal. Moreover, it prognosticates the sordid lives of the people residing in the Muktapur village with cosmic cataclysm in the milieu. https://ijels.com/detail/voices-from-odisha-a-symbolic-study-of-surendra-mohanty-s-the-changeover/ Aishwarya Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-106202115-Voices.pdf Writing both in prose and verse, Thomas Heywood was one of the most prolific playwrights in the period as was Shakespeare in particular. Heywood was well informed about Morocco and could write in greater detail about a possible dialogue among cultures. As it is a historical platform for power relations, The Fair Maid of the West recalled the heroism and excitement of English counterattacks against Spain in the Post-Armada period. This paper therefore pins down the acts of narration and representation of Morocco and Moroccans and attests to the metamorphosis the plot undergoes in Part I and Part II. As an adventure play, The Fair Maid of the West teaches about, informs of and confirms the existing patterns of virtue in European voyages and at the same time it asserts how honor and chastity are European par excellence whereas villainy and wickedness are Oriental assets by distinction. Once taken captive, these virtues and traits are put into task as the plot disentangles. This paper also examines how the play in both parts generates a whole history of stereotypes about Morocco and unexpectedly subverts this Orientalist tradition; such a biased mode of narration of the Orient the playwright took up at first was played down at a later phase in the narrative. https://ijels.com/detail/of-rites-of-narration-and-representation-of-the-orient-and-the-occident-in-thomas-heywood-s-the-faid-maid-of-the-west/ Tarik Bouguerba https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-105202153-OfRites.pdf Devkota has been celebrated as the great poet. He is examined as the leading Nepali romantic writer. There is something rather strange about this, because what is so extraordinary about his greatness is not methodologically presented. He is a central poet of modern tradition and versatile genius who breaks with tradition, establishes his own tradition of modern Nepali literature and lives up to his own definition of the poets and poetry. His writing is not merely an expression of emotions and feelings. Instead, it examines human life and reflects philosophy of inclusion. This paper examines poetry of Devkota to answer where and how he breaks with tradition to establish tradition of modern Nepali literature. Bhikhari and Laxmi Kabitasangraha have been selected and studied with great care to interpret the poet and his thoughts at his best and relate him with issues of philosophy and culture. My aim has been not so much to narrate Devkota's poetry as to explain it, so as to bring it within the focus of western and eastern thought. Though is not fully based on any informed theory, it depends upon an interdisciplinary approach to analyze Devkota's tradition of modern poetry. https://ijels.com/detail/modernist-quest-in-devkota-s-poetry/ Dr. Sushil Kumar Shahi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-111202040-Modernist.pdf Portrayal of pain or any emotion through poetry is an eccentric way to feel disconnected from the outer world in order to minimize the intensity of that emotion unlike pleasure does with its form. Pain is an inseparable part of life. It comes to us in different forms and makes us feel it. In this context, this paper attempts at comparing four poets of different modes of temporal as well as geographical set-ups dealing with the theme of pain. At first, it focuses on the scientific and philosophical meanings attributed to pain. Then, through the poetic revelation of pain, it critically delves into ‘I’ve A Pain in my Head’ by Jane Austen, and ‘After Great Pain, a formal feeling comes’ by Emile Dickinson. It is observed that Jane Austen uses the concept of pain casually by a narrating a conversation between a doctor and a patient complaining of a headache. On the other hand, Dickinson’s concept of pain indicates a funeral in the poem. It is the mental pain she focuses as her concern. The focus then shifts to the revelation of pain in the poems of the two well-known Indo-Anglian poets Jayant Mahaptra and Bibhu Padhi. Jayanta Mahapatra’s ‘Pain’ deals with the emotion in a unique way. He focuses on the concept of pain by putting a rhetorical question at the human existence. According to him, pain is the pain of being a human being. Bibhu Padhi in another way talks about physical pain covering all the body parts those who suffer and then concludes with a critical discussion correlating scientific, philosophical and poetic interpretation of pain. https://ijels.com/detail/transcending-the-awareness-of-pain-in-poetry-a-critical-focus-on-the-poems-of-pain-by-jane-austen-and-emile-dickinson-versus-jayant-mahapatra-and-bibhu-padhi/ Dr. Pratap Kumar Dash, Barsa Meghamala https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-106202138-Transcending.pdf The present study investigated the speaking skills problems encountered by Vocational School freshmen and seniors from their own perspectives. . The researcher used purposive sampling in selecting the participants of this research. To this end, 60 vocational school students (30 freshmen and 30 seniors) from SMK Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung participated in the study by completing a speaking skills problems questionnaire. To triangulate the data, the participants of the study also sat an in-depth interview. The results of the study revealed that some affective, cognitive, and behavioral aspects were among the major problem-creating factors for the freshmen’s and seniors’ speaking skills. Furthermore, freshmen’s and seniors’ results showed that overall there were no significant difference between the freshmen’s and the seniors’ perspective toward speaking skills problems. The results of both questionnaire and interview showed that the most speaking skill problem freshmen and seniors encountered is the affective aspect. They both are afraid to make pronunciation mistakes while speaking English. This problem inhibits students’ speaking skill to develop. https://ijels.com/detail/speaking-skill-problem-encountered-by-vocational-school-freshmen-and-seniors-viewed-from-their-own-perspectives/ Afif Al Baironi Haka, Abdul Asib, Slamet Supriyadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-106202123-Speaking.pdf The current study sought to identify the request strategies used by EFL native-Arabic speakers in Arabic natural situations and also to identify the request strategies used by EFL native-Arabic speakers in English natural situations. And in more depth vein, it tried to shed light on role the environment of learning English, socio-cultural differences, human mentality and requesting transferring in requesting. 30 EFL Arabic lecturers and 30 ESL Arabic lecturers at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University completed Discourse Completion Test (DST) consists of 12 written context situations (appendices I and II). The finding revealed that both EFL and ESL use conventional indirect request strategies more than direct request strategies which in turns are used more than non-conventional requests strategies either in Arabic or in English situations. Moreover, it appears to assume that human mentality and socio-cultural differences affect more the strategies of requesting. https://ijels.com/detail/contrasting-the-request-act-used-by-efl-esl-native-arabic-speakers-in-arabic-and-english-situations/ Shadi Majed Alshraah, Amer Ahmed Daradkeh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-106202142-Contrastingthe.pdf Loss of identity is a stark reality in postcolonial South Africa and it has found expression in artistic works. The fictionalisation of feelings of not belonging or a sense of unhomeliness is illuminated in this paper. This paper is a literary exploration of loss of identity in Nadine Gordimer’s Burger’s daughter and it employ Erikson’s theory of human development as a tool to examine, discuss and explore how the concept works in Rosa Burger’s life. The concept is exacerbated by racism, apartheid and cultural and linguistic identity. Loss of identity thrives in a racially segregated environment and where there is abuse of power. Rosa runs up against the boundaries of a white male hegemony, underscoring her inability to find any space outside the ideology that defines her. It focuses on the ways in which Rosa negotiates subjectivity where she internalizes the law of the father and when she rejects her imposed identity. https://ijels.com/detail/loss-of-identity-in-nadine-gordimer-s-burger-s-daughter/ Neethu M S https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-106202136-LossofIdentity.pdf As a translator of the influential politicians and diplomats such as Li Hongzhang, Guo Songtao and Zeng Jize, Ma Jianzhong once assumed the task of translation of credentials by Patrice de MacMahon, diplomatic treaties and documents between Korea and the Qing Dynasty. Besides, he was once a teacher of Liang Qichao in studying Latin, persuaded Gu Hongming to come back to China to serve the country and compiled a book about navy construction.By analyzing Ma Jianzhong’s patronal activities in translation theory, practice and to the two influential translators, as well as establishing translation academies, the readers can have a better understanding of the translation contribution of Ma Jianzhong. https://ijels.com/detail/study-of-ma-jianzhong-s-patronal-activities-of-translation/ Tian Xibo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-106202143-Studyof.pdf This paper presents an exploration of the loss of authentic Adivasi perspectives in mainstream literature. India has a large body of work on these peoples, but much of this romanticises them and fails to treat them as the inhabitants of a modern, industrial and globalising India. The tribal literature available in several non-mainstream languages has not been recognized because the tribal discourse, including folktales and songs, is mainly oral in nature. In addition to this, the communities which produce it tend to be far from urban jungles, and so their creative works have been largely overlooked. In this article, I discuss a popular extract from ‘Painted Words’ written by Indian linguist, G.N Devy which is featured in the text, ‘Tribal Verse’. It provides arguments for alternative approaches of representing Adivasis, which become important to understand the Tribal worldview and their reasoning behind their several social and cultural traditions. This paper certainly is not an attempt to ‘speak for’ the marginalized languages. It is just a modest intention to explain why all human languages and linguistic creativity at large simply deserve greater respect. https://ijels.com/detail/tribal-verse-and-a-different-worldview/ Jyotismita Khataniar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/58IJELS-106202137-Tribalverse.pdf Water is the most precious element on the earth. The tremendous increase in population has put intense pressure on all the available resources like land, forest and water etc. Among them, groundwater resources have been exploited the most. This divine component for all the living beings is facing the scenario of scarcity on the planet Earth. Indiscriminate and irrational use of water, its contamination, non-conservation of rainfall and the increasing pressure in the population are the main attributable reasons to be focused on. The spatio-temporal variations in the above-mentioned factors and many others over the last few decades show an increase in the trend of problems of water scarcity. The outcomes and results are being experienced in the everyday lives of the people in the Delhi Metropolitan Area. The present study is concerned with the increased level of water scarcity and low level of public investment in this prime sector. The study is based on both primary and secondary data sources collected from field survey. The result shows spatio-temporal variations as well as intra-regional variations in public investment with varying depths of groundwater in the study areas. The paper also suggests ways like rainwater harvesting, inculcating the ideal way of water flow, increase in vegetative cover, incentives for new irrigation techniques, modification in tile structure for footpath and adoption of green construction technologies etc. to ensure sustainability of the region. https://ijels.com/detail/water-scarcity-public-investment-and-sustainability-in-delhi-metropolitan-region-identification-challenges-and-future-prospects/ Dr. Shweta Rani, Anuj Dilip Bajpei, Kamakhya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/59IJELS-106202147-WaterScarcity.pdf Kamala Das has brought into the discourse those issues of women which were generally shied and shielded in the Indian academia. That women have been marginalized not only in terms of their social positions but also in terms of the basic needs of body and mind have never got that campaigning as have been aggressively expressed in the poetry of Kamala Das. She has created her distinct discourse augmenting upon those issues which European authors such as Ibsen, Simone de Beauvoir, Sylvia Plath and others have done at best. Woman has the right to feel her body and its needs. Man is supposed to respect this. If not, then, Man is just one animal sans sensitivity. She enacts the whole psychology of female desire and sexuality and finds man completely miserable to understand this. Her poems aim at giving those messages on the art of love as given by Pablo Neruda in his poems. https://ijels.com/detail/re-echoing-the-self-against-the-male-politics-of-denial-a-study-of-the-poetry-of-kamala-das/ Dr. Santosh K Pandey https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/60IJELS-106202139-Re-echoing.pdf The Gulf crisis constituted a major and fundamental turning point in the history of the Arab region due to the resulting data that changed the course of Arab-Arab relations on the one hand and Arab regional relations on the other. If the Arab citizen has become accustomed to a stereotyped image through which he sees the Gulf relations as an integrative relationship based on the strength of the economy and the unity of politics, then the Gulf crisis has revealed a new image of that atypical relationship that has gone beyond the limits of the problem to form a crisis. Consequently, the Gulf states have been made a test of the consequences of this crisis on the region and its peoples, especially since the Gulf Cooperation Council states have been divided into two groups, one team siding with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia against the State of Qatar, and another group taking a position of neutrality. This paper deals with the nature of that crisis and how the crisis was managed for both parties, leading to a set of results reached by the research, the most important of which are: 1- The results of the study also reflected a negative view of the possibility of the GCC countries to overcome their differences soon, and this is reinforced by their vision that is compatible with the incompatibility of the Qatari political vision with the rest of the GCC countries. 2- There is a negative mental image among the academic elite about the role played by the Gulf Cooperation Council countries towards the unity of Iraq, and the possibility of accepting it as a new member added to the GCC countries. Iraq to Kuwait in 1990. 3- There is a mental image of the academic elite that sees that the crisis between the two parties is more political than media, but its causes do not rise to the level of intellectual, religious or economic disputes or crises, which are usually characterized by depth and strong influence and repercussions. https://ijels.com/detail/the-image-of-the-gulf-cooperation-council-countries-among-the-iraqi-academic-elite-after-the-qatari-crisis/ Dr. Ethar Tareq Khaleel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/61IJELS-10820217-TheImage.pdf