https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usFebruary 7 This paper studies the influence of investment risk and information disclosure on market trust by extending the classic trust game experiment. First of all, the investment trust experiment with no investment risk and investment risk was conducted respectively，then by introducing investment-related information study the game problem of market investment trust. The results show that, the uncertainty risk of investment returns will significantly reduce the level of mutual trust among participants in the investment market and Inhibit investment. At the same time, the impact of such income uncertainty is heterogeneous. In the case of higher income level, risk has less inhibitory effect on investment, while in the case of lower income level, risk has greater inhibitory effect on investment. Investment-related information disclosure can improve market trust, and more importantly, it can effectively reduce the adverse impact of investment risks on market trust. Therefore, in the process of continuous improvement of the capital market, the establishment of a standardized information disclosure mechanism and the reduction of information asymmetry can reduce the impact of risks on the market and give play to the function of the capital market in the efficient allocation of funds. https://ijels.com/detail/investment-risk-information-disclosure-and-market-trust-based-on-trust-game-experiment-research/ Fu Xin, Zhang Yun https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-112202038-InvestmentRisk.pdf The key problem in the field of crowdsourcing is the influencing factors of the successful bidder's performance. The existing research on bid winning performance mainly focuses on the performance of the employer in implementing crowdsourcing competition, specifically task performance. The existing researches mainly focus on the task characteristics, scheme characteristics and the characteristics of the contractor to explore the influencing factors of the Contractor's bid winning performance. https://ijels.com/detail/analysis-of-the-factors-influencing-the-performance-of-crowdsourcing-contractors/ Yanjing Xu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-112202031-Analysisof.pdf Reog Ponorogo is a traditional art related to physical activities. In the traditional art of Reog Ponorogo, there are sports values namely physical endurance. This study aims to describe the physical activity, form of physical exercise, and mental players of Reog Ponorogo. This research was conducted at Paguyuban Sanggar Seni AGLAR Reog Simo Aglar Nuswantoro and Paguyuban Reog Cokro Menggolo East Java. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and recording documentation. The results show that physical activity in Reog Ponorogo included a) singo barong: kebat, sembahan, ukel, kayang, rolls, kipu; b) bujang ganong: plugs, somersaults / roll, somersaults, cartwheels, kayang; c) klana sewandhana: kiprahan, counting bolo; d) warok: jengkeng, perangan, fighting lines, sorogompo, ecenan, koloran, the earth, pencakan, lumaksana; e) jathil: lampah telu, gedruk, egol; f) senggakan: voice power, processing vocals and g). pengawit: beat, beat, blow. Forms of physical and mental training for Reog Ponorogo players include: a) singo barong: weight training, neck springs, push ups, pull ups, back ups, sit ups, running; b) bujang ganong: push up, handstand, sit up, back up, run, jump rope, floor exercise; c) klana sewandhana: push up, sit up, back up, run, jump rope; d) warok: push up, sit up, back up, running, jumping rope, floor exercise, pencak silat; e) jathil: horses, jumping rope; f) senggakan: vocals; g) pengrawit: push up keplok, blowing the slompret. https://ijels.com/detail/performance-of-physical-activity-of-reog-players-as-an-art-in-indonesia/ Ilham Tito Herfino, Sugiyanto, Hanik Liskustyawati https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-11120203-Performanceof.pdf Cultural confidence is a nation or a country's full affirmation in its culture, the active practice of its own cultural values, as well as the firm confidence in the vitality of its culture. Introducing excellent Chinese martial arts novels to the world is a manifestation of cultural confidence. The success of the English translation of Jin Yong's martial arts novel "Legends of the Condor Heroes" by Anna Holmwood in the Western market can give Chinese translators a lot of inspiration in translating Chinese martial arts novels. This article analyzes the characteristics of the jianghu terms, characters’ nicknames, and KungFu names that constitute the xia culture in Chinese martial arts novels, and explores the different strategies used in Holmwood's translation for various culturally-loaded words and phrases, namely transliteration, literal translation with annotation, free translation, and creative translation. While retaining the exotic factors in the novel so that English readers can appreciate the unique charm of Chinese martial arts culture, it also appropriately ensures the readability of the novel, which is not an easy task in translating Jin Yong’s work. Thus the translation provides some references for the subsequent foreign translation of Chinese martial arts novels. https://ijels.com/detail/on-the-translation-of-xia-culture-in-chinese-martial-arts-novels-under-the-background-of-cultural-confidence-based-on-legends-of-the-condor-heroes/ Shen Yiqun https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-112202039-Onthe.pdf Industry investment fund of military-civilian integration is an effective financial tool to promote the deep development of military-civilian integration, which combines the strategic guiding ideology of the government and the rules of market operation. Starting from the analysis of industrial investment fund, this paper introduces the military-civilian integration industrial investment fund as a financial innovation product, then discusses the feasibility of establishing the fund from the perspective of the demand and supply of the "product", and then summarizes the suitable establishment scheme of the fund according to the operation of the existing domestic military-civilian integration industrial investment fund. https://ijels.com/detail/research-on-the-establishment-plan-of-industry-investment-fund-of-military-civilian-integration/ Li Na https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-10120215-Researchon.pdf The recent advances in technology has paved way for deconstruction of the concepts like human being, humane and humanity. These are conventional forms of looking at the ‘self’ and the ‘other’. Post structural theorists and many Marxist thinkers have critiqued the construction of the ‘other-ness.’ Similarly, anthropocentrism questions and debates the conception of human (self) and the animal (other) is produced and understood. Donna Haraway`s cyborg gives a jolt to the epistemology of the self.1 It contrasts the mechanized AI or humanoid with a virtue that alters the centrality of the human being. Thus, ‘Animal Studies’ investigates the human attitude towards the treatment of other animals. There are numerous graphics, films, animations, comics, texts, etc. that talk about the human- animal relationship. However, Jack London`s White Fang is used to analyze the human attitude towards wolf dog and thereby understand the conception of self and the other. The aim of this paper is to understand what makes human beings identify themselves superior and animals inferior. This question becomes important especially, when one reads the post humanist critique of humanism and its legacy. It challenges the human subjectivity and embodiment.2 Though animals share the human legacy of creation and evolution, they are traumatized and ill-treated. Due to human cruelty and pollution has altered the habitat and food chain of most spices, that is, anthropocene. Animal studies revisits the position of animals in literature. Nonetheless, we witness that cruelty towards women or cruelty towards animals are due to the fact that man or the human being in the latter instance, is the nucleus of the discourse. https://ijels.com/detail/theorization-of-animal-studies-and-re-reading-white-fang/ Harshita U Urs https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-101202121-Theorizationof.pdf The main purpose of this study was to examine the role of heads of schools’ supervision in improving quality of teaching and learning in public secondary schools in Ilemela District, Tanzania. The study was guided by three specific objectives which are to examine strategies used by head of schools in improving quality of teaching and learning, the challenges facing school heads in improving quality of teaching and learning, and possible initiatives used in addressing the challenges hindering effective school heads supervision that aim to improve the quality of teaching and learning in Ilemela District. The study was guided by total quality management theory (TQM). The research employed a mixed approach under convergent parallel research design. The study used a population of 86 comprising of 1 DEO, 4 WEO, 4 Head of Schools, 30 Teachers, and 47 Students. The researcher used questionnaires, interview and focus group discussion for data collection. Data was obtained and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 computer package. The data used descriptive statistics and the findings were presented by use of frequency tables, pie-charts. Also, part of qualitative data coded, categorized and used thematic analysis of which description were employed to present data in chapter four. The study found out that heads of schools are key instructional supervisors in schools. Furthermore, effective supervision was found to be the key factor for the academic performance in schools. The study recommended that heads of schools should be setting time for instructional supervision in schools because it is one of the roles that influence students’ academic achievement positively. Also, the study recommends that the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MOEST) should reinforce supervision-based training through seminars, workshops, and refresher courses countrywide for secondary school heads of schools and second masters/mistresses. By so doing, even those who missed out supervision course at the university or college could benefit. https://ijels.com/detail/the-role-of-school-heads-supervision-in-improving-quality-of-teaching-and-learning-a-case-of-public-secondary-school-in-ilemela-district-mwanza-tanzania/ Diana M. Ngole, Demetria Gerold Mkulu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-101202123-TheRoleof.pdf The purpose of this paper was to examine the challenges facing community involvement in ensuring quality education in public secondary schools in Meru District. The study employed mixed research approach and convergent parallel design. The study used a sample size of 89 participants which were solicited using both probability and none probability sampling techniques. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaires and interviews respectively. Descriptive statistics used to analyze the quantitative data through SPSS version 20 and Microsoft excel Packages, the data were presented through frequency, percentage, charts, and tables. Qualitative data were recorded using field note book, and audio recorder device and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The instrument for quantitative was validated using content validity while Cronbach coefficient of 0.7 was obtained. Qualitative instrument was validated using peer review. The findings revealed that, ignorance, poor school leadership, poverty, political interference, poor beliefs and customs and lack of communication between the school and the community are the major challenges facing communities in participating in schools. Finally, the study recommends that for improving and inhibiting the highlighted challenges, deliberate strategies should be laid down and the government should sensitize educational partnership so as to improve the community participation in schools. https://ijels.com/detail/challenges-facing-community-involvement-in-ensuring-quality-education-in-public-secondary-schools-in-meru-district-arusha-region-tanzania/ Haika Lauwo, Demetria Gerold Mkulu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-101202120-Challenges.pdf The period 1920-1947 in the history of Indian’s struggle for independence has been designated as “The Era of the Gandhian Revolution’ in Indian literature. To the masses of people, Gandhi appeared as ‘a tradition an oracle”. He has to them a messiah, an incarnation of Rama of the Ramayana and Krishna of the Mahabharata who descended upon earth to kill the demon who held Indian in bondage for two hundred years and to free Indian from the yokes of foreign rule. He has known as the Mahatma [“great-souled”].It was his charisma and image that electrified the imagination of many Indo-English novelist who strove to “express, to reflect or to probe his ideal and ideas either directly or metaphorically, in their work. Gandhiji himself was not a literature in the truest sense of the term but he frequently wrote in Indian Opinion, Young India and Harijan to champion the cause of India’s freedom, to spread message of non –violence and love of the downtrodden and the untouchables. His style was as simple as anything. It was free from rhetorical flourishes. He said, “I want art and literature that can speak to millions…For me all art must be based on truth. I reject beautiful things, if instead of expressing the truth, they express untruth.” Inspired by Gnddhi’s simple style and approach to literature, they turned to the grim reality of contemporary socio-political scene averting their attention from writing historical romances, adventure stories or mystery novels. They were interested in the depiction of the life of the common man, the poor and the marginalized. https://ijels.com/detail/the-images-of-mahatma-gandhi-in-anand-s-novels/ SK Abdul Salam https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-101202116-Theimages.pdf The paper seeks to study the transition of connotations applied to women by taking into account, mythology, Victorian Poetry, Critical works of the 20th Century and examples from history, digital world and media in contemporary 21st Century. The construction of adjectives has been a Patriarchal tool. In this paper an evolution of the space of woman which led to idealizing the female sex at the cost of complete oppression is scrutinized. How deterring from the conception of the perfect woman, as formed by men, made it absolutely compulsory to eradicate the threat from society for preservation of the Patriarchal hierarchy. The terms have shifted from fear to revolution to intrigue by continuously being a threat through centuries. In the 21st Century the threat has become a statement to reinforce agency. The disparity between the ‘’angel’’ and the ‘’witch’’ is negated as an instrument to dismantle Patriarchy. https://ijels.com/detail/the-angel-the-witch-and-the-inscrutable-wretchedness-of-the-patriarchal-world/ Ritobina Chakraborty https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-101202117-TheAngel.pdf The present study brings into focus the character Jean Valjean as an individual who succumbs to adverse circumstances becoming a criminal in the eyes of law. The study analyses him as an individual who faces hell as a convict and ultimately finds redemption from sin through the benevolent interference of the bishop who buys his soul with silver and gives it to God. Finally, Valjean metamorphoses into a kind and sympathetic individual who serves the poor of society ; and is ultimately raised to the position of Mayor of Montreuil , remembered by the poor as their Messiah. https://ijels.com/detail/the-messiah-of-the-poor-valjean-s-eventful-journey-from-hell-to-emancipation/ Dr. Vivek Chauhan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-101202115-TheMessiah.pdf This research aims at understanding the role of child’s drawing in the assessment of the children´s psychological development under oncological treatment at the Maranhense Institute of Oncology Aldenora Bello. The paper, classified as field research, with a qualitative and descriptive approach, has been made, initially, through bibliographical inquire. Posteriori it was performed a transversal observational study among children interned at a Reference Hospital in the city of São Luís-MA (Brazil). The data collection was performed through direct observations of participatory type, also application of the projective technique of drawing HTP (House-Tree-Person) among the children as well as consulting the hospital’s records. As an inclusion criterion, it was adopted: children in a process of oncological treatment under 8 and 12 years age both of male and female sex, with a cancer diagnosis and hospitalized in the institution, loco of the research. As an exclusion criterion, it was adopted: children who weren’t in process of hospitalization, and those under weakened health situations without physical conditions to perform a projective technique. The goal of the research was to demonstrate the role of infantile drawing as an instrument to access the emotional reactions and to evaluate the psychological development of the hospitalized child with a cancer diagnosis. https://ijels.com/detail/children-with-cancer-and-their-designs-evaluation-of-psychological-development-of-children-in-cancer-treatment/ Helena Rubia de Santana Botelho, Francisca Morais da Silveira , Marina da Silveira de Melo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-110202029-Children.pdf They appear in motion pictures that ladies who carry dark attire, wacky haircut, tattoos and pull off insane tricks are boss, yet do they realize that a lady wearing a straightforward cotton dhoti can be an all-out boss, in the real world where we normal people live? Mother Teresa was one of those ladies. Furthermore, Padma Shri Sudha Murthy is one more name that goes on that rundown. Sudha Murthy is a person who has marked her presence by doing the extreme works in that era or that period wherein women, in general, were neither given any support nor were appreciated to work and study. Sudha has devoted her life so much to the society that it can be reflected in her written work as well as practical life. There are number of write-ups of Sudha in which the reality of society is highlighted which she has faced herself while she travelled the nation around and also some foreign trips which she had done. Her work is emotional, truthful and so real, that the reader is touched and can feel the aura of the story around. Every author has a story behind writing a book which Sudha also has, but the only difference is, her behind the story is so realistic that creates an interest in readers to read the book. The amazing thing about her love for literature is that she does not only stick to one type of work, but there is also so much variety one can infer from her work and that is very exciting. Sudha stands as an eminent and worthy example for everyone that money does make you everything, it is your work and behaviour that has to follow it which should be humble and full of dignity. https://ijels.com/detail/sudha-murthy-an-eminent-contributor-to-literature/ Nishtha Vaswani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-101202132-SudhaMurthy.pdf The study deals with the qualitative analysis of the infographic in three electronic portals of the Egypt's national press. It focuses on the utilizing the infographic in dealing with economic development. One of the study's outcomes is that the superficial addressing of such issues counts on just statistics and figures without analyzing or explaining. The sample websites depended on the government sources of information only and used the infographic for advertising the attitudes of the government. https://ijels.com/detail/the-role-of-the-infographic-in-the-electronic-portals-of-egypt-s-national-press-in-dealing-with-the-economic-development/ Dr. Sally Shehata https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-101202114-TheRole.pdf “When pain exceeds limits, it becomes itself a cure”, a remarkable verse by the Legendary Urdu poet Ghalib holds its grounds even today. The fact that much of the literature reflects the influence of the theory behind this verse and even in post modern times, it feels so relevant, itself speaks for the immortality an timelessness of Ghalib’s art. Much has been written about Ghalib’s poetry and his aesthetic and mystic theories. In this paper, I aim to reflect the influence of Ghalib’s poetry and his theory of two worlds (his mystic bent) on Premchand’s short- story Kafan (Shroud). https://ijels.com/detail/influence-of-ghalib-s-poetry-on-premchand-s-short-story-kafan-shroud/ Irtiza Manzoor https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-12202056-Influenceof.pdf Like other forms of art, the functions of Chinese folk arts fall into three categories: physical, social and personal. The physical function refers to the practical applications of folk arts in everyday life and productive activities, whereas the educational function operates in the social and personal categories. Shanxi folk Kang Wei painting, nurtured by the profound Yellow River Civilization, has been explored as an example in our research. The field investigation and document studies show that the paintings are mainly intended for the edification of the masses from the social and personal perspectives: informing the masses of the important events, conducting aesthetic and moral education, passing on Confucius personal virtues, maintaining family values, strengthening national spirit, regulating and guiding folk customs, although the physical function of the paintings is to keep the beddings clean from wall dust. https://ijels.com/detail/the-educational-function-of-chinese-folk-arts-exemplified-by-shanxi-folk-kang-wei-paintings/ Ji Lingzhu, Chang Xiaojun https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-101202126-TheEducational.pdf This paper is written with an aim to create awareness that pilgrimage is incapable of bringing about permanent transformation in human beings, though sometimes it can be one of the stimulants to inspire humans to adopt righteousness in their lives. But, in most instances, pilgrims experience transient engendering of these benevolent feelings which can be considered to be equivalent to the concepts of “liminality” and “communitas” propounded by Victor Turner in his theory. This research undertakes to prove it by resolving the ambiguity between the concepts of spirituality and religion citing mainly the thoughts of Mirra Alfassa known to her followers as “The Mother”, Aurobindo Ghosh, Karl Marx & Victor Turner and employing them as bases to demonstrate that the “Kumbh Mela” and Hajj, the places of pilgrimage, are mere manifestations of religion, and therefore insignificant in bringing about any perpetual transformation in human beings, a view which was vehemently buttressed by Rene Gothoni in his paper entitled “Pilgrimage=Transformation Journey”. The main purpose of this paper is to enlighten the youth to become spiritual and not religious because the latter has increasingly deviated from its role of emancipation of mankind. https://ijels.com/detail/deconstructing-the-spurious-belief-system-behind-pilgrimage-enlightening-youth-towards-spirituality/ Dr. Anupriya Singh, Dr. Shipra Malik, Prof. Krishna Dayal Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-101202118-Deconstructing.pdf The National Commission on Violence Against Women is one of the independent institutions that pursue the enforcement of the equal rights for the Indonesian women. The Commission, also known as the National Commission on Women, holds severa priority issues that should be enforced namely: (1) Sexual Abuse; (2) Marriage and Personal Relationship; (3) Human Rights Conflict and Violation in the Past; (4) Women Impoverishment; (5) Vulnerable and Discriminated Women; (6) Social Movement and Human Rights-defending Women; and (7) Women Rights Institutionalization. In order to manifest the responsibility of the State in responding to and handling the act of violence against women, there should be public relations strategy for dealing with the social issues in relation to the proper handling of the violence against women. With reference to the elaboration, the objective of the study is to identify the Public Relation (Community Participation) strategy that has been implemented by the National Commission on Violence Against Women as a State Institution in responding to the seven priority issues within the efforts of building a nation free of violence against women. Then, in conducting the study, the method that has been adopted is the descriptive qualitative method using the in-depth interview, the direct observation toward the National Commission on Women, and the library study in the Commission. From the data analysis, it is found that the support for the activities that the National Commission on Women have performed in handling the violence against women is gained from the cooperation with several stakeholders. The cooperation can be : (1) encouraging the People’s Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia to ratify the Draft Bill of Sexual Violence Abolition; (2) disseminating the concept of academic review for handling the violence against women in the remote areas such as Jayapura, Molluccas, East Nusa Tenggara, and alike; and also (3) establishing cooperations with numerous partnering institutions and networks throughout Indonesia in order to meet the needs of the women who have suffered from violence. In addition, in performing the given duties, the Division of Community Participation the National Commission on Violence Against Women also holds press conference or public discussion that involves both the printed and the online mass media. https://ijels.com/detail/the-media-relations-strategy-by-the-division-of-community-participation-the-national-commission-on-violence-against-women-in-handling-the-case-of-violence-against-women/ Vania Utamie Subiakto https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-101202149-TheMedia.pdf The last decades of the nineteenth century were a culmination of years of social, political, and economic change in Europe and in the United Kingdom. These changes occasioned a cultural revolution that will see the rapid dissolution of the organic fabric of the British society and elicit questions about the very morality that was the foundation of English society. D. H. Lawrence and James Joyce chronicled these social and moral tensions in The Rainbow and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. This paper interrogates the nexus between identity and dissent in the protagonists’ attempts to navigate their moral world. It equally seeks to understand the moral compass of religion, country, and family in the assertion of individual identity and how these define the cultural collective consciousness of the era in which they were produced and the birth of alternative truths. https://ijels.com/detail/identity-and-dissent-in-james-joyce-s-a-portrait-of-the-artist-as-a-youngman-and-d-h-lawrence-s-the-rainbow/ Athanasius A. Ayuk. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-101202166-Identityand.pdf This study focuses on the impact of governance and more specifically on autonomy as a major dimension and mechanism in the context of higher education and its role in improving of the performance of education. Thus, the aim of our research is to address the close relationship between academic autonomy and the performance of public higher education institutions by taking the case of the University of Sfax as an example. The quantitative study of the different members of the Scientific Council of each institution shows that the governance of higher education, a key dimension of the health of the system, has a strong impact on the performance of higher education systems. https://ijels.com/detail/the-good-practices-of-academic-autonomy-as-mechanism-of-governance-and-performance-of-higher-education-institutions-case-of-the-university-of-sfax/ Rym Belgaroui, Salah Ben Hamad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-101202143-TheGood.pdf Literature is a reflection of reality and is a mirror of what happens in the world we live. Authors of literature convey various messages depending on their goals for each. Their expression of feelings, emotions and thought about human lives intends to teach society about society. In this descriptive essay as anchored on thematic analysis of Nelson Mandela’s autobiography “Long Walk to Freedom”, the author’s intent was to explore how one’ life challenges are not only a historical experience for him/herself but also a didactic tool to readers and contemporary society as well. Discussion in this paper demonstrated how well the message conveyed in non – fictional prose plays a significant role as they teach history, social and cultural values, commitment, patience and perseverance. The study reveals that sometimes a success of the present time springs from a painful but enduring past. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-the-function-of-literature-in-the-light-of-mandela-s-long-walk-to-freedom/ Bazimaziki Gabriel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-101202167-Exploring.pdf Literary realism was a trend originated in the writings of French authors in the nineteenth century. Realistic novels represented contemporary society and life ‘as they were’. Like naturalistic writers, they dealt with a special selection of subject matter and a special way of rendering those materials. Realistic novels held a mirror to the society revealing the most ordinary and natural of human experiences. They embraced the linear and omniscient narration to encode their narrative. This paper looks at how Senapati, a late nineteenth-century Oriya novelist, Fakir Mohan Senapathi redefines realism in his novel, Six Acres and a Third. Unlike the naturalistic mode of Mulk Raj Anand, Senapati’s realism is complex rather than simply mimetic or descriptive. For him it is much more than a plain unadorned representation of the mundane written in plain language. Rather, he embodies a critical vision in its narrative style. This study also attempts to look into those features of the narrative that Senapati employs to achieve this critical vision. The modes and techniques of the narrative are closely looked at to see how the narrative unfolds various subtexts and histories. https://ijels.com/detail/literary-realism-and-narrative-techniques-in-fakir-mohan-senapati-s-six-acres-and-a-third/ Mrs. Anitha Merin Vincent https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-101202152-Literary.pdf The stacks of unread books in my cabinet have always disturbed me in one way or the other. They remind me, time and again, that I have fallen back on a promise that I had made to an old friend who encouraged me to take up literature despite my family’s predilection for medical-engineering fields. When my relatives and teachers seemed disconcerted and disappointed at my decision, she exhorted me to take the road less travelled (at least, in India). But she made me promise something. I remember the last conversation we had years ago when she said: “Literature/Arts graduates tend to develop apathy towards their areas of interest once they reach 25. I want you to be a life- long learner/reader. Don’t give up on reading even when you have managed to land a lucrative job.” I found myself transforming into a voracious reader, lucubrating over impenetrable works on philosophy, literature and philology for hours at a stretch. But, somewhere along the way, I developed this hebetude that I had been warned against by my friend. This didn’t happen all of a sudden. And I hold responsible not only myself but also the people around me who treat ‘the reading type’ as mavericks and introverts. I never understood the rationale behind this prejudice. Were they tactfully trying to masquerade their insecurities? I will never know and honestly, I don’t care anymore. https://ijels.com/detail/reading-in-the-time-of-corona-a-panacea-for-the-pandemic/ Kevin George https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-101202146-Reading.pdf This paper investigates the role of global production segmentation for the income of economic competencies (ECs) such as design, brand name, organizational capital at the country level for 29 countries from World Input-Output Database (WIOD) over 2000-2014. This study distinguishes various forms of production segmentation and examines how various integrated forms contribute to countries’ gain of ECs.This paper finds that production lengthbased on forward industrial linkage (plvg) is positively correlated with value appropriation ofECs in global value chain (GVC), while production length based on backward industrial linkage (plyg)exhibits an opposite effect on the value creation of ECs. Based on whether production happens in domestic factories or foreign partners, this paper finds that the positive effect of plvg on ECs originates from the extension of international production portion, while the domestic production dominates the negative impact of plyg on ECs. https://ijels.com/detail/research-on-the-impact-of-global-production-segmentation-on-the-income-of-economic-competencies/ Sicheng Meng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-101202157-Research.pdf Caryl Phillips’ A Distant Shore and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s The Thing Around Your Neck present migrants cut in the complexity that defines the current global age. This paper accordingly uses the above texts to investigate migrants’ existence in the western spaces of Britain and America while most importantly, highlighting the mechanisms they use to survive. The paper again notes how the selected texts fit migrants in planes that concurrently involve conflict and cooperation. It subsequently examines the dynamics of globalisation reiterated in the fact that the practice envelops all the planet, yet allows diverse cultures to project themselves. It uses as theoretical guide globalisation in projection of the theory’s proposition that because human beings have alienated from selves and become others, inclusive models should define the human society. The central thesis of this article is that increased migration has ushered in a new epoch which contests difference and obliges humanity to construct holistic manners for the betterment of the human race. https://ijels.com/detail/the-politics-of-migration-in-caryl-phillips-s-a-distant-shore-and-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-s-the-thing-around-your-neck/ Nfon Rita Gola https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-101202142-ThePolitics.pdf The study sought to find out the Influence of Teacher’s Professional Development Practices on their Job Performance in Nyamagana District, Mwanza Region. The study employed convergent parallel design under the mixed methods approach to help collect and analyze both quantitative and qualitative data strands. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to sample public secondary schools and teachers while purposive sampling techniques were used to sample heads of schools and the District Education Officer. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and in-depth interview guides. The quantitative data was analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis of the specific objectives. The findings revealed that training the workforce (teachers) has the most impact on different dimensions like; improvement of teaching strategies, reduces teachers’ burnout, stress and turnover, improves teachers’ effectiveness and improves overall teacher’s personnel. Henceforth, regular performance appraisals in schools enable teachers to improve themselves in classroom management, simplifies supervision, evaluation and assessment process, improves proper communication and it also ensures teachers’ discipline at work. At last the study recommended that the ministry of education, science and technology, education stakeholders in conjunction with school administrators (district educational officer and heads of schools) to regularly organize and facilitate formative in-service training for teachers to enhance their job performance. https://ijels.com/detail/influence-of-teachers-professional-development-practices-on-their-job-performance-in-public-secondary-schools-a-case-of-nyamagana-district-mwanza-tanzania/ Eveline Richard Mduma, Demetria Gerold Mkulu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-102202116-Influence.pdf Mahesh Dattani’s play Dance like a Man (1989) speculate the tragedy of an ageing Bharatanatyam Dancer, Jairaj and his shattering dancing dream owing to an authoritarian patriarch’s resistance and manipulation. Amritalal who is authoritarian, martinet; led by material values is agitated by his son’s liberal and modernist sensibility and initiated to curtail his dream. In the play Jairaj is personified as the epitome of the victim of gender rigidity, who attempts to subvert the subversion of hegemonic patriarchy but end up as an emblem of gender tragedy. The play is not solely about gender as it seems on the bare eye - it is a brutal reprehension of the existing power dynamics that encompass wealth, social status and reputation. In Amritalal’s rise as a prominent businessman, and as an influential social worker, in Jai and Ratna’s marriage of convenience, in their abandonment and return in their parental house, in the tragic death of infant child Shankar, in Lata’s rise as a “shinning star” in Bharatanatyam, the play showcases how the politics of power, wealth and social status deeply engraved in the structural dimension of the society and influence the normal day to day life of the masses. My paper tries to reanalyze Dattani’s seminal work Dance like a Man going beyond gender oriented approach and aimed at a detailed critical study of Jairaj, leading to his tragedy, as a subject and victim of a plethora of different social apparatus along with his own incompetency in a world of fundamentalism. https://ijels.com/detail/dance-like-a-man-beyond-the-discourse-of-gender-relocating-the-tragedy-of-jairaj-in-the-circumscribed-world-of-politics-and-power/ Amlan Roy Pramanik https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-101202170-Dance.pdf The major purpose of this topic is to analyze the gender discrimination in Emily Bronte’s eminent novel ‘Wuthering Heights’. How, in this novel, the women characters are portrayed as mere meek, timid, and submissive, irrespective of their roles in the novel. How they have become ‘the second sex’, the weaker one, suppressed under the patriarchal system of the then society. Even, in the writing of a female novelist, they have never become bold enough to break the shackles of the stereotypical notion of women’s submissiveness, weakness, imperfection as the representative of the feminine gender; rather they are always treated as the weaker one, the second in rank in the society, only after men. https://ijels.com/detail/wuthering-heights-the-female-version-of-the-male-form-the-second-sex-in-it/ Abhisek Chakraborty https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-102202112-Wuthering.pdf Reading is only completed with comprehension with which the acquisition of vocabulary plays a vital role. It necessitates reading teachers to innovate vocabulary teaching strategies that will cater the needs of English Language (ESL) Learners. The study investigated the efficacy of Direct Morphological Instruction in developing vocabulary skills. Quasi-experimental method of research was used in the study, specifically the non-equivalent control group design. Two (2) intact and comparable sections of Grade 7 pupils, consisting of 30 and 35 students, respectively, from the Laboratory High School in Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology-Gabaldon Campus were selected as participants of the study. The pre-test was administered to both groups prior the implementation of Direct Morphological Instruction to the Experimental Group and the traditional approach to the Control Group. The researcher-made learning module was used for the 15-day vocabulary-building remedial instruction. Upon completion of the 15-day vocabulary-building instruction, the participants were given a fifteen-item post-test, and the data gathered were then analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. The results revealed that Direct Morphological Instruction provided the participants with an evident progress in terms of their vocabulary skills but the difference between the post-test results of the Control and Experimental Group was not significant. Positive attitude of the respondents towards the vocabulary-teaching technique introduced was also affirmed in the results. https://ijels.com/detail/redesigning-approach-in-developing-vocabulary-skills-among-english-language-esl-learners-efficacy-of-direct-morphological-instruction/ Rosalie W. Agbayani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-10220211-Redesigning.pdf The aim of this work is to analyse the benefits of introducing a code in Python language to analyze quality in terms of the appropriateness of the texts as regards reading. In order to do this, a didactic experience was implemented in two final dissertations on the university course of Translation and Interpreting at the University of Murcia, in the academic years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The steps followed were: 1. Evaluation metrics for both MT compared to the reference translation (student´s translation) 2. Definition of a tool used to calculate easibility of the text 3. Determination of the weights 4. Calculation of the amplification constant for each specific corpus 5. Calculation of marks of easibility of texts 6. External evaluation attending House´s model (2015) adapted In accordance with the above, the following research questions are proposed: is human or MT translation better, and, is it possible to create a rubric based on significant grounds to calculate an approximate mark for quality in Translation? https://ijels.com/detail/cohlithesp-a-new-technique-to-study-quality-in-specialized-translation/ Nicolás Montalbán, Juan Manuel Dato https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-10220218-CohLitheSP.pdf The Covid-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus appears on November 17, 2019 in the city of Wuhan, central China, and then spreads around the world. Several countries quickly took drastic containment and disinfection measures for their citizens. However, the virus, comparable to that of the Spanish flu, is spreading all over the world paralyzing entire countries, causing psychosis and plunging the world into a crisis not seen since World War II. to the pain of losing a loved one is added, in this period of epidemic and confinement, the distress of not being able to organize a funeral ceremony and of being deprived of any possibility of saying goodbye to the deceased, of being together between relatives to comfort each other. https://ijels.com/detail/coronavirus-covid19-or-collective-mourning/ Driss Hemiri, Ms. Soraya Sbihi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-102202122-Coronavirus.pdf Many studies on plagiarism have suggested that there exist gender differences in the extent of plagiarizing in education. It is therefore the purpose of this paper to determine the different reasons why students engage in plagiarism and to describe any gender differences in the reasoning of the students. In this present paper, a total of thirty college students (fifteen males and fifteen females) of the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), University of the Philippines Manila were included. A semi-structured survey questionnaire was used in this study and descriptive statistical tools were used to characterize the study population. Based on the findings of this study, males and females practice plagiarism on a similar level. However, their reasons of plagiarizing are very different. https://ijels.com/detail/the-gender-dimension-of-plagiarism-a-case-study/ John Vincent A. Pagaddu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-10220214-TheGender.pdf New research suggests we work more effectively, creatively, and collaboratively when we are happy at work. The brain works much better when a person is feeling positive. At those times, individuals tend to be more inspired and better at solving problems. This study was intended to determine the emotional exhaustion among hospitality and tourism professionals in Cabanatuan City and suggest an employee development plan to lessen the exhaustion experienced by the employees but otherwise perform their job satisfactorily, which will benefit both the employee and the establishments as well as the guests. The study adopted the descriptive method of research that involved survey from different hospitality and tourist establishments such as hotels, restaurants, and coffee shops within the premises of Cabanatuan City. One hundred employees from different hospitality and tourist establishments were subjected to answer questionnaires reflecting their level of exhaustion regarding negative thoughts and feelings, time pressure, strained relationship, counter productive work/behavior, length of service and salary. It was done using an evaluation sheet to rank and determine the greatest exhaustion level prevailing and answer the question of the researcher. The result of the study showed that length of experience and salary greatly affects the emotional exhaustion of the employees. The negative signs mean that the lower the length of experience and monthly income, the higher the emotional exhaustion of the employee. People from the hospitality industry sometimes feel emotionally exhausted due to the negative feelings they get from their job. Strained relationships, oftentimes, caused employees in the hospitality industry to be emotionally exhausted especially when talking of respect and conflicts. The study deemed that it is essential for employers to provide retraining programs to their emotionally exhausted employees. At the same time, employees affected with emotional exhaustion are recommended to undergo holistic interventions. https://ijels.com/detail/emotional-exhaustion-among-hospitality-and-tourism-professionals-in-cabanatuan-city-basis-for-retraining/ Kelvin Julius A. Nueda https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-101202165-Emotional.pdf The study dealt with the child birth rites of the Kankanaeys in Northern Luzon. The Episcopal Diocese of Southern Philippines and the newly born Episcopal Diocese of Davao were established because of their presence since the Kankanaeys migrated to the Southern Philippines. Kankanaey, as one of the ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines, embraced, blessed, possessed, practiced rites, rituals, traditions from their ancestors mostly in an oral form. It was the purpose of this study to enumerate, elaborate, and document Kankanaey Child Birth Rites. Descriptive narrative type of research was used in this study, along with photo-documentation, interview, personal observation, and paper recording. Findings reveal that different rites on child birth were performed, rites on this side was not so expensive compared to other ethno-linguistic groups who performed the same. It is therefore recommended that this practices become tools in transmitting such indigenous knowledge to others and further research on this topic is openly welcomed. https://ijels.com/detail/child-birth-rites-of-kankanaey-in-northen-luzon/ James Sadagan Guidangen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-101202154-ChildBirth.pdf Kashmir, surrounded by the hoop of mountain’s is the land of folk tradition, literature, drama and dance. From its very beginning, the art and culture of Kashmir has contributed not only to the civilization of the union territory but also to the Indian heritage as well. However, with the rise of awareness and modernization, the art and culture of Kashmir is foreseen as benight. Despite being recognized internationally, some of the folk arts have lost their eminence causing the decay of the tradition of Kashmir. Where many of the youngsters are trying to revive the endangered arts, some citizens find their efforts squandering and antiquate. This paper explicitly engages in the comprehension of two Kashmir local arts, Bhand Pather and ladishah, the effect these have on the people and most essentially the majors to be taken for their revival. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-local-arts-bhand-pather-and-ladishah-on-the-people-of-kashmir/ Fidah Pandit https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-101202161-Impactof.pdf This article focusses on the past lives of two prominent males in Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff and Hareton. It particularly highlights the challenges that they have encountered in the past, especially those that involve how they have been treated by those in whose care they had been intrusted, namely parents and guardians. It follows how these behaviours have shaped and influenced the habits of the characters and the extent to which these behaviours have been internalised and embraced. In the instance of Hareton, the article underscores the fact that negative circumstances do not have to necessarily engender negative attitudes. They can be used to create uplifting and creative possibilities. https://ijels.com/detail/the-effects-of-past-lives-on-males-in-wuthering-heights-a-comparative-analysis-of-heathcliff-and-hareton/ Dr. Barbara Constance, Ms. Nicaise Joseph, Mr. Richard Pierre https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-101202172-TheEffects.pdf This study aims to describe the intertextual of Novel Bumi Manusia by Pramodya Ananta Toer and Novel Sang Raja by Iksaka Banu. This research used a descriptive qualitative method; it described the results of the analysis in words or sentences. Data collection used note-taking and documentary techniques by recording quotes or sentences in the text of the novel. The analysis technique used qualitative analysis described the analysis results in sentences, not in numbers. The data validation used two techniques. The first technique was the observer’s persistence to probe deeper into the analysis results to acquire more accurate results. And the second technique was triangulation; it was not using only one view but also several views to get the right result. The results found that there were similarities between the novel Bumi Manusia and Sang Raja. They had similarities in terms of themes, namely about the struggle in the colonial period. The second similarity was the characterization, where there was a similarity in the main character’s setting, while the additional characters appeared to have the same characteristics. The third similarity could be seen in the setting, the situation experienced by the main character of both novels was sadness. So it could be concluded that the novel Bumi Manusia was a hypogram text, and Sang Raja was a transformation text. https://ijels.com/detail/intertextual-novel-bumi-manusia-by-pramodya-ananta-toer-and-novel-sang-raja-by-iksaka-banu/ Nungki Dwi Rahayu, Suyitno, Nugraheni Eko Wardani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-10220215-Intertextual.pdf This paper explores the crossing points of women’s liberation and postcolonialism as far as the issue of silence and narrating is concerned. It does so by analyzing the characters of Madga and Lucy in J.M. Coetzee’s novels’ In the Heart of the Country and Disgrace. It is contended that colonialist ideology capacities work by the same way that patriarchal philosophy does with regard to the abuse of the racism and feminism, separately. Coetzee’s novels draw our attention to the threats of allotment characteristics of any philosophy. Vitally, the novels handle the verbose resistance to the colonialist and patriarchal ideology through Magda and Lucy. By interlacing postcolonialism and women’s liberation, Coetzee’s accomplishment, hence, is twofold: a study of western totalizing accounts and multiplying of political and ideological thrust of his novels. J.M. Coetzee is routinely and thoroughly locked in investigating the ontological and epistemological issues significant to the anecdotal discourse. The arrangement of his authorial positions and the arranging his area in post-apartheid South Africa occurs fundamentally through the textual positions. Coetzee appears to support the view that self-reflexive writing is the only mode through which he can rise above the concerns of reality and history. Indeed, when Coetzee’s fiction has prevailed after distinctive story styles or designs one can find certain fundamental issues that run through them. Origin, dialect, mastery, marginalization, the issue of authority, reflexive self-awareness, the issue of portrayal and the strongly and interconnected deployment of these concerns make his writings appear as the quintessence of hypothetical and ideological inscriptions. These are the strings which interface his writings and emphasize the net of textual relations. As radical metafiction may be a substantial way of recording one’s encounter since it does away with the tyranny of authenticity, Coetzee has turned to it in a viable way within the complex field of his literary world. https://ijels.com/detail/shifting-the-voice-postcolonial-feminism-in-j-m-coetzee-s-disgrace-and-in-the-heart-of-the-country/ Shaimaa Mohamed Hassanin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-102202113-Shifting.pdf Popular-culture at large, and science fiction and fantasy in particular harbours various representations of abject bodies. In my essay I have analysed the formation of protagonist-antagonist duos in the 2019 film Brightburn, The Lord of the Rings and the Harry Potter series within a dynamic of conceptualising the protagonists and antagonists as mirror image alter-egos. The essay attempts to explore how the assertions of order, law and civility by the protagonist subjects of Clark Kent/Superman, Frodo/Bilbo and Harry Potter are disrupted by the antagonist subjects-- Brandon/Brightburn, Smeagol/Gollum and Tom Riddle/Voldemort through the impingement of abjection and the antagonists functioning as agents of abjection. In each of the cases a catalyst leads to the foregrounding of the abject body and the disruption of the identity of the antagonist subjects; leading to fragmentation and a resistance to acquiescence towards the “phallic object”. https://ijels.com/detail/mirrors-of-disruption-interrogating-the-abject-in-brightburn-the-lord-of-the-rings-and-harry-potter/ Hiranya Mukherjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-102202120-Mirrorsof.pdf In terms of their gender, age, length of physical education teaching experience, number of subjects/teaching load, specialization, and number of training, seminars, or workshops related to the topic of physical education, this study focused on the teaching performance of the physical education instructors at Kaling State University. A mixed-method with a descriptive sample and qualitative design was used by the investigator. The key data collection method used in the analysis was the Teacher Assessment Tool. To self-assess their results, it was administered to the educators. The PE Instructors have an awareness that their teaching output is generally true of them in terms of teaching abilities, teaching materials, and teaching strategies mentioned in the survey questionnaires addition, the level of teaching efficiency between the PE Major Instructors and the Non-PE Major Instructors who teach Physical Education does not vary significantly. Therefore, with the outcome of the data examined, the researcher suggests that the feedback of students about their PE instructors be done to decide whether the expectations of the instructors about their teaching results and teaching methods are the same as the feedback of the students about them. https://ijels.com/detail/teaching-strategies-of-physical-education-instructors-of-kalinga-state-university/ Jemille P. Garcia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-102202124-Teaching.pdf This study is a thorough investigation of Toni Morrison’s feminist approach in the novel God Help the Child (2015). This essay studies the sexist and racist oppression of the female characters applying the lens of Radical feminism. Radical feminism considers that patriarchy is the main cause of female oppression. It is a comprehensive survey of the struggle of the female characters to empower themselves from the position of powerlessness and mobilize their socio-political actions and experience a psychological change. In order to study the cyclical process of empowerment of the female characters in the novel, the feminist empowerment theory of E.Summerson Carr (2003) has been applied which advocates that empowerment originates from a position of oppression and powerlessness through self-knowledge and Conscientization. This essay aspires to explore the oppression of the female characters due to patriarchy and their struggle to empower themselves despite the liability of belonging to a particular gender, class, race, and nationality. The technique of textual analysis is employed in this qualitative study to explore the feminist oppression and the process and struggle of their empowerment. https://ijels.com/detail/investigating-through-feminist-lens-the-struggle-of-empowerment-in-toni-morrison-s-novel-god-help-the-child-2015/ Hooras Subzal, Noroz Ahmed https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-102202117-Investigating.pdf For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) is a Hemingway’s masterpiece based on his own experiences of the Spanish Civil War. The novel tells the story of an anti-fascist Spanish group of guerillas which the American protagonist, Robert Jordan, joins in order to blow up a bridge. The only two women among the characters, Pilar and Maria, represent matching and also different views on female gender roles in the male-dominated environment. The present study employs the ideas of Sara Mills, the English scholar on Linguistic Feminism and draws a feminist analysis on gender roles and the use of sexist language in For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). The article concludes that although Maria and Pilar stand on far extremes of femininity, both are challenged with the male preferential language and sexist pejoration. https://ijels.com/detail/the-highlighting-of-gender-parity-and-male-hectoring-in-hemingway-s-for-whom-the-bell-tolls-1940/ Amir Baradaran, Omid Ghahreman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-102202121-TheHighlighting.pdf One of the most interesting period to study in Philippine History is the Pre-colonial time where cultural practices and heritage where so very genuine and authentic that something were Filipino be very proud of. However, teachers, instructors, professors made sometimes very difficult on their part to teach due to limited teaching materials. It is therefore a challenge for people in the academe to come up with a concrete full of truthiness and discovery of facts teaching materials for the students. This paper then will serve as a spring board to others and focused in teaching Philippine Pre-History sharing a technique called “Appreciative Inquiry” merely concentrated on the positive information teaching the students to be interested on learning or studying Philippine History. https://ijels.com/detail/appreciative-inquiry-method-in-teaching-philippines-pre-history/ James S. Guidangen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-101202155-Appreciative.pdf The implementation of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education addresses numerous educational issues in the Philippines and Cambodia by recognizing a child's mother tongue, culture, and context as the foundation of learning. The study used literature juxtaposition and qualitative meta-analysis to conduct a rigorous secondary qualitative analysis of primary qualitative findings. This is to provide a more comprehensive description of the implementation of MTB-MLE in both countries and its perceived effects on the indigenous communities. The study determined that most mother tongue-based education in both countries occur in the non-formal sector, particularly at the preschool or adult literacy classes. Most programs are run by non-governmental actors, such as local and international NGOs and other civil society actors. It further concludes that this learning initiative helped the marginalized minorities through supporting the use of their mother tongue and helping them make sense of the words and the world they are in. This learning initiative would encourage students to achieve more and would allow them to relate their everyday reality to reality nationally, internationally, and globally. https://ijels.com/detail/mother-tongue-based-language-education-in-philippines-and-cambodia-a-comparative-study/ Pinky Larcelle D. Lang-ay, Jessie Grace M. Sannadan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-101202127-MotherTongue.pdf This research article focuses on the manifestations of neoliberalism in Philippine Education and its effect on performativity. Qualitative meta-analysis is used to conduct a rigorous secondary qualitative analysis of primary qualitative findings. Its purpose is to provide a more comprehensive description of a phenomenon and an assessment of neoliberalism's influence on the performativity of Philippine Education. The study determined that neoliberalism is manifested in the K to 12 Program and the Quality Management Mechanisms in Philippine Higher Education. The study further concludes that 'performativity' is apparent in teachers' day-to-day activities and teachers' social relations. Teachers are required to choose and judge their actions. These actions, in turn, are judged by others based on their contribution to organizational performance. The stricter qualification standards measured through a minimum set of criteria evaluated by accrediting agencies are also set for Philippine Higher Education Institutions. https://ijels.com/detail/neoliberal-restructuring-in-philippine-education-towards-performativity/ Jessie Grace M. Sannadan, Pinky Larcelle D. Lang-ay https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-101202125-Neoliberal.pdf Purpose: Violence against women is still a pervasive problem worldwide. In the City of Tabuk, Kalinga, Philippines, violence against women is undoubtedly existing. This study aimed to determine the existence of unreported violence against women (VAW) committed by intimate partners of women-residents in Tabuk City that are not reported. It also determined why these cases are not reported to proper authorities. Methods: The data were drawn thru informal interviews involving 356 randomly selected women-residents from the different urban barangays of Tabuk City, Kalinga. Women-residents included as respondents were in an intimate relationship during or before the study's conduct. Results: The data gathered showed that psychological violence is the most (64.89%) pervasive form of VAW experienced by respondents. The data also revealed that all forms of VAW exist in the study's locale to a varying frequency. This experience's non-reporting is primarily due to the victim's hope that the case will be settled in the family and need not be publicized. Her fear that her children will emotionally and physically suffer are also among the top factors why violence cases were not reported to the authority. Conclusion: Women in an intimate relationship experienced one or more modes of violence during or after their relationship duration. However, the frequency and reason for not reporting may vary from one victim-survivor to another. A need to empower victim-survivors that they may not hesitate to report violence committed against them by their intimate partners may be initiated. For this reason, an extension project with the banner program of “Protection of Women against Violence” was initiated and extended to the different barangays starting from two of the barangays where women respondents come. https://ijels.com/detail/frequency-and-factors-of-non-reporting-of-violence-against-women-in-tabuk-city/ Mary Grace Baddongen Malawis-Ignacio https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-10220212-Frequency.pdf "Comparisons to be educative need to happen in a site that belongs to no one. (Radhakrishna, 471). Today comparative literature has expanded its horizons and literary theorists question the very foundation of the word 'compare'. Gayatri Spivak in her essay, Rethinking Comparitivism says that from the very beginning comparative literature did not exactly compare (Spivak, Rethinking 611). A similar view is propounded by R. Radhakrishnan in his essay, Why Compare? where he puts forward his argument that comparisons are unproductive as neither of us learns from the other. He believes that there must be a want to learn from the “others'” experience that is not one's own, instead of persuading the other into believing that one's own “lifeworld” is superior to him (Radhakrishna 454). This paper discusses how these theorists by questioning ethnocentricity, advocating the study of subaltern languages and promoting translation studies aim to foster comparative literature as a dynamic discipline which promotes an objective and ethical thinking amongst the people. It does so by tracing the earliest theoretical concepts and history of Comparative Literature, the challenges it faces and developments advocated by literary critics in the field of comparative literature. https://ijels.com/detail/comparative-literature-its-emergence-challenges-and-suggested-developments/ Anandita Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-102202111-Comparative.pdf The subject of distraction has been explored by several writers and philosophers alike. However, most of them have taken the etymological meaning of the word, ‘to pull apart or separate’ too literally and addressed the subject primarily based on the negative connotations attached to it. Paulo Coelho, however, gives the concept of distraction a unique twist in his two bestselling novels- The Alchemist (1988) and Brida (1990). This paper is going to explore the creative, ludic, emancipatory potential of dust and distraction that he champions in his two most celebrated works and how that enables him to contribute to the legacy of removing the stigma off the word ‘distraction’ and infusing it with a new, positive meaning. https://ijels.com/detail/purposeful-distraction-analyzing-the-significance-of-dust-staub-and-distraction-zerstreuung-in-the-alchemist-and-brida/ Samragngi Roy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-102202141-Purposeful.pdf In Blue Angel, Francine Prose revolves around the relationship between the protagonist, professor Ted Swenson, and his student, Angela Argo. The novel examines this relationship and its consequences from different perspectives to discuss many issues that strike the world of an American university profoundly and bitterly. In addition, the novel raises some critical questions regarding the identity construction within the campus borders. Through her characters, Prose examines the ability of the university campus to enrich or restrict the personalities of its inhabitants. There are two opposing points of views; the first one considers the university as an academic institution that enriches the personality of both the professors and the students; academically, socially and professionally. The second suggests that this closed world with its high siege of traditions and norms imprison its inhabitants. While the university is considered as a dignified place for learning acquisition, it is also considered as a place of hypocrisy and suspicious relations on the other hand. The reader chooses the suitable point of view according to his/her experience with the university world. Swenson’s character and other university professors shed light on the dysfunctional relations within the university campus and the appalling relationships between the professors and the (female) students. All of these relations are analyzed in the light of the contemporary American culture which is apparently existent through the lines of this novel. Finally, the paper highlights the symptoms of the traumatic experience and midlife crisis to understand the reasons behind his behaviors and to find the answer to the fundamental question of this novel; who is the victim? https://ijels.com/detail/the-disgraced-relationship-as-reflected-in-blue-angel-2000/ Dr. Hisham Muhamad Ismail https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-102202125-TheDisgraced.pdf As one of the most talented Romantic novelists, Nathaniel Hawthorne is well-known for his Gothic and allegoric techniques. In his masterpiece Young Good Man Brown is a typical example to utilize this adroit method. The following article digs into symbolism utilized in the short story from the aspects of persons, things, scenes, the plot of the story etc. It is beneficial for us to make further studies on his works. https://ijels.com/detail/symbolism-in-young-good-man-brown/ Tian Xibo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-102202126-Symbolism.pdf This study aims to analyze the needs of teachers and students related to the development of physics teaching materials in the 21st century towards increasing of ability of the grade X High School students in solving problems. The research sample in this study were the students of grade X in the city of Surakarta. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, the data obtained in this study were data from interviews, questionnaires and student preliminary tests. The results of this study indicate that students need supporting teaching materials in the form of learning media accompanied by pictures and videos equipped with a learning model that can improve students' ability to solve problems, namely STEM-PjBL-based E-module. https://ijels.com/detail/need-analysis-for-the-development-of-stem-pjbl-physics-teaching-materials-to-improve-students-problem-solving-ability-in-the-21st-century/ Lis Tyas, Harjana, Daru Wahyuningsih https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-102202131-NeedAnalysis.pdf Translation is the transfer of a message from one language - which can be referred to as the source language - into another language, designated as the target language. Whether translators are born or can be trained is an open-ended question. However, by observing and being aware of certain facts, one can go beyond the glaring erroneous translations that result from a lack of experience or sometimes even from a lack of time. Avoiding cultural bias and paraphrasing are important tools for a translator. However, linguistic differences between both languages make it important and necessary to be prudent and diligent while translating. A range of differences between the two languages – seemingly simple aspects like the use of punctuation, capitalization or more prevalent aspects like semantics - all pose a challenge to translators. This paper treats the challenges that translators could face in their activity due to certain linguistic elements. https://ijels.com/detail/linguistic-aspects-of-translation-between-french-and-english/ Adnan Jabar Hamid https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-102202134-Linguistic.pdf This paper tries to analyze Thoreau’s contradictory view of nature: on the one hand, Thoreau admired nature and wanted to be close to nature and opposed against the American consumer culture, on the other hand, he still held hopes on civilization. According to Thoreau, wilderness and refinement were not fatal extremes but equally beneficent influences Americans would do well to blend. https://ijels.com/detail/on-thoreau-s-contradictory-view-of-nature/ Du Haixia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-10220217-On.pdf Reading plays an important role in human life. Good literature offers food for the soul. A few years back, the relaxed life style of people allowed them to read a lot in their free time. But, the hectic pace of today’s 24-hour lifestyle does not allow people to make time for reading books. So, the question arises how the purpose of ‘brain food’ rather ‘life food’, which was previously served by books is now served. The answer may lie in the increasing number of people active on social media. This research paper deals with the study of posts shared on Instagram. These posts are studied linguistically and variations of normal forms of language are found. Various techniques or ways of the presentation of matter in these posts is also one of the topics of study. The researcher has tried to explore how oxymoron, pun, repetition, wordplay, metaphors etc. are used to create special effects in the posts. Different types of posts are studied in order to study different factors. With the help of this study, the researcher has tried to find out whether these posts are serving the purpose of literature to some extent in human life. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-literary-devices-used-in-the-posts-on-instagram/ Bageshree Ramdas Bageshwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-102202145-AStudyof.pdf This research aims to (1) explore in detail the existence of the VITA Solo volleyball club (2) to describe in detail the Human Resources at the VITA Solo volleyball club (3) to describe in detail the background and objectives of coaching VITA Solo volleyball club athletes. (4) to describe in detail the management of the VITA Solo volleyball club (5) to describe in detail the types of awards for outstanding athletes at the VITA Solo volleyball club. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Research subjects came from administrators, coaches, athletes and alumni of players at the VITA Solo volleyball club. Sources of research data were obtained from person, paper, and place. Observation, interview, and documentation were used as the techniques of data collection. Based on the research that has been carried out, the results show that HR, Coaching, Training Programs, Funding, and Club Achievements are stated very well. https://ijels.com/detail/the-existence-of-vita-solo-volleyball-club/ Edwin Taufik Hidayat, Agus Kristiyanto, Slamet Riyadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-101202171-TheExistence.pdf The caste-based hierarchical oppression was embedded as a major hegemonic and internalized truth in the Indian subcontinent. Even in the 21st century, caste-based social oppression is a crude reality of India which operates on different levels. Apart from fighting against the colonial power, India was divided internally which caused social injustices and atrocities to communities based on their caste and class. The paper would locate “Bhimayana” as the pioneering text, accounting for the life of Dr. B.R Ambedkar and understand its hierarchical politics on the ritualistic belief of ‘impurity’ associated with the notion of birth. It aspires to delve deeper into caste-based politics, social activism, and reforms in the Indian Varna system. The graphic novel by Sri Vidya Natarajan and S.Anand talks about the life journey of Dr. Ambedkar, as the revolutionary agent to combat the regressive system of social immobility as an organic and unchangeable biological entity to the ‘marginalized community’. It would highlight its resemblance with “Ramayana”, the journey of Rama, and the iconic figure in the Indian epic tradition. The beauty of “Bhimayana” lies underneath its unique form of metaphors and the message that it wants to portray. The paper would critically analyze the atrocities attributed to them and how the novel became the raging voice to fight against the system with its folkloric anecdotes and subtle interpretations. It would try to understand how the structure of the novel holds an impetus to fight against this crude system by amalgamating people across different communities to construct “Bhimayana” as a central novel against caste-based oppression and becoming a catalyst of hope and positivity to the world. https://ijels.com/detail/understanding-the-caste-based-hierarchical-oppression-social-reforms-and-activism-in-bhimayana/ Sneha Chakraborty https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-102202138-Understanding.pdf This article deals on transnationalism and cosmopolitanism as mutually inclusive ideals. Transnationalism believes in the transcendence of different types of boundaries that divides humans. Cosmopolitanism is an ideal, which stresses on the fact that all human beings belong to a single community based on a shared morality. Both the ideals stress that the whole world is borderless. These ideals believe in the view of transnational world-view. It means much inclusive to moral, economic, and political relationships between nations or individuals of different nations. The concept of cosmopolitanism is that all human beings, regardless of their citizenship, religion, political affiliation and other forms of boundaries, belong to a single community. Cosmopolitan theory considers the individual human being as the basic unit. The ideal of cosmopolitanism does not believe in any kind of border, rather it erases/transcends the borders created to narrow down and divide humans giving various names like nationality, culture, religion and so on which is similar to transnationalism. https://ijels.com/detail/inclusiveness-in-transnationalism-and-cosmopolitanism/ Pradeep Kumar Giri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-10320214-Inclusiveness.pdf Throughout the course of the eighteenth century the penal culture of England evolved into more “modern” and recognizable forms. One of the most important moments of this evolution came in the form of the Transportation Act of 1718 which regularized the system of convict transportation from England to the convict colonies, especially to Virginia and Maryland. In this paper I propose to examine two of Daniel Defoe’s criminal narratives—both published in 1722-- Moll Flanders and Colonel Jack, which portray the colonial space of these settlements in great detail. In the course of the paper, I argue that Defoe’s presentation of the colonial space in these two texts is nuanced and complex, depicting it simultaneously as a place of opportunity and of punishment. The criminal subjects of Defoe’s text lose and gain power in the convict colonies and pardon is used as a political strategy to effectively retain power over criminal/colonial subjects. The colonial space in the form of the convict colonies fold within itself the paradoxical allurement as well as repulsion exercised by any colonial entity on the colonized. This paradoxical quality of this space exerts a narratorial pressure on the texts bifurcating them into two halves and making the protagonists undertake two journeys to Virginia. https://ijels.com/detail/the-passage-into-another-state-the-representation-of-the-colonial-space-in-moll-flanders-and-colonel-jack/ Chandrima Das https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/58IJELS-102202143-ThePassage.pdf This study examines the benefits of using humour in the language classroom. It investigates the incorporation of humour in the classroom and how it can facilitate and create pertinent conditions for learning and teaching. It probes students’ attitudes towards their teachers’ humour, and whether they consider it a learning aid or not. The study used a quasi-experiment that involved two tests and two groups of students: a treatment group and a control one. The pre-test and post-test results and findings revealed that humour facilitates learning and teaching by reducing anxiety, increasing motivation, encouraging participation, boosting concentration and improving retention. https://ijels.com/detail/an-experimental-study-of-students-perceptions-of-classroom-humour/ Rachid Elkhayma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/59IJELS-102202144-AnExperimental.pdf This article analyzes the cultural negotiation and identity formation of immigrant characters in Jhumpa Lahiri’s narratives. In the transcultural space of diaspora, the immigrant characters often vacillate between cultural practices of their home and host country problematizing their cultural identity. They can neither forsake their past: cultural origin nor fully emerge into the cultural practices of their host country. They tend to adopt the new cultural identity without leaving the old one. In a sense, they occupy a shared cultural space of their host and home country rendering cultural ambivalence. Such cultural negotiations lead them to the third space: hybrid cultural space which renders new form of fluid and dynamic cultural identity that transcends the binary of the past and present, and home country and host country. Formation of such unstable cultural identity of immigrants is examined in the critical frame of Stuart Hall’s cultural identity and Homi K Bhabha’s third space in this article. https://ijels.com/detail/cultural-negotiation-of-immigrants-in-jhumpa-lahiri-s-narratives/ Nagendra Bahadur Bhandari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/60IJELS-102202139-Cultural.pdf This article is an attempt to study Henrik Ibsen’s drama ‘When We Dead Awaken’ from the point of view of male gaze theory. It reveals that exposition of women’s body in nudity as an art is another form of male exploitation of female. In this environment, a woman becomes source of pleasure for males who gaze women to fulfill their erotic desires. In doing so, this article explores how a woman loses her identity and individuality in male dominated society that evaluates and defines woman as a sexual object. https://ijels.com/detail/ways-of-looking-male-gaze-in-henrik-ibsen-s-when-we-dead-awaken/ Arjun Dev Bhatta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/61IJELS-103202116-Waysof.pdf Anthropocentrism has still been the dominant approach of human and nature relationship. It takes human being as the master and nature as created to fulfill their needs. Spirituality in human being and nature is beyond its speculation. However, there has emerged non-anthropocentrism known as ecocriticism, which views human being as a part of nature, not its master. It is similar to spiritualist claim of human and nature affinity, but it also does not admit any form of spirituality in human being and nature. The argument of this paper is to postulate the fact that spirituality is one of the fundamental elements of both human being and nature. If ecocriticism would adopt this, it would emerge as a complete alternative of anthropocentrism, whereby most problems of the world could be solved. https://ijels.com/detail/spirituality-in-human-being-and-nature-ecocriticism-has-yet-to-comply/ Dr. Raju Chitrakar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/62IJELS-103202131-Spirituality.pdf As the current study has an empirical and impartial nature, a quantitative method was considered the best method for achieving the research objectives of the study. A quantitative technique applied in order to analyze the current study. Sample design refers to the procedure or method the researcher is willing to accept in choosing items for the sample. Research sample was selected using a procedure of random sampling and it was carried out in different banks. A total of 140 questionnaires were distributed, however 128 participants properly filled out the questionnaires. The study applied multiple regression analysis to measure the current study. The results show that internal process as balanced scored card has significant positive influence on strategic mechanism at 5% level. The results show that internal process as balanced scored card has significant positive influence on strategic mechanism at 5% level. The results show that organizational capacity as balanced scored card has significant positive influence on strategic mechanism at 5% level. The results show that customer as balanced scored card has significant positive influence on strategic mechanism at 5% level. Moreover, all beta value is higher than .001. The results show that non-financial incentives have a better impact on employee success because they encourage them to be more environmentally conscious. As a result, it is proposed that, in order to ensure environmental protection, non-financial initiatives be used in accordance with financial measures to enhance internal company processes. For example, rather than conventional initiatives that would persuade sustainable change, it is recommended that measures related to waste and utilization of specific resources be taken. The methodological results further highlight the importance of learning and development as a constant phase rather than a seasonal operation. https://ijels.com/detail/the-balanced-scorecard-s-evolution-as-a-strategic-mechanism-at-banking-sectors/ Bayad Jamal Ali, Govand Anwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/63IJELS-101202169-Thebalanced.pdf This study aimed to measure the usage natural gas can be an effective alternative fuel for internal transportation. In order to interpret the present analysis, a quantitative approach was used. The current research focused on assessing the usage of natural gas as an alternative fuel for internal transportation. The present research was analyzed using a questionnaire. Sample design is the technique or process that the researcher is able to accept in selecting objects for the survey is referred to as sample design. The research sample was chosen using a random sampling method and carried out in various locations in Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total of 125 questionnaires were issued, but only 111 participants completed them correctly. Participants were asked to rate the value of each object on a five-point scale ranging from unimportant to highly important. The findings revealed that the usage of Natural Gas Fuel strongly predicts internal transportation, implying that the usage natural gas can be an effective alternative fuel for internal transportation. https://ijels.com/detail/an-empirical-analysis-of-natural-gas-as-an-alternative-fuel-for-internal-transportation/ Nabaz Nawzad Abdullah, Govand Anwar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/64IJELS-101202155-AnEmpirical.pdf In the modern globalised world, every professional need good communication skills & it is a well-known fact in modern times that, like all the other graduates, the Agriculture graduates also need them to communicate with all the stake holders of Agriculture. They need not just local languages but English language as well because it’s not as a medium of instruction but as a medium of trade, commerce, communication and above all international trade. In order to be placed in a good company or organization, it’s very essential that the Agriculture Graduates have command over the words. If one is clear in expressing one’s thoughts and articulating one’s accomplishments, he is able to make a favorable impression on the selector. The academic language ability may be sufficient to manage their course work, but they struggle to cope with the communication demands of the global market. So, there is a great need to frame course material and develop methods so as to enhance language skills of agriculture graduates. Therefore, in order to support the agriculture students with a new communicative approach, which is framed in such a way to supplement their communicative abilities, is what we are going to deal with. By applying this approach to the agriculture graduates, effective results were seen on the part of the students. https://ijels.com/detail/enhancement-of-language-skills-of-agriculture-graduates-through-a-role-play/ Dr. Gajanan Malviya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/65IJELS-10120218-Enhancement.pdf India is a diverse country with diverse languages in different regions. People from different regions have different mother tongues. However, for education, English is a language that is preferred over others mainly to ensure that students do not face any problem in their professional life. Although for primary education, local languages are still preferred, however; in higher education, English has become the most important learning language (Mohanty, 2017). The recent trends in the increase of English medium schools in India show the fact that parents of the country are giving increasing importance on making their children get well skilled in English to get better jobs in future. English medium schools have not only built-in urban areas, in recent years, these schools are also being built in rural areas as well. https://ijels.com/detail/action-research-in-teaching-and-learning-strategies-on-english-in-india/ Renuka Shyam Narain, Sunil K. Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/66Action Research in Teaching.pdf Rabindranath Tagore's literary and philosophical oeuvre presents a profound alternative to the anthropocentric alienation perpetuated by modern industrial civilisation. This review article explores Tagore's ecopoetics of harmony, arguing that his vision is fundamentally non-anthropocentric, positioning the Earth as a living, conscious entity with which humans are in a relationship of mutual reverence and spiritual interdependence. By synthesising ecocritical theory—including deep ecology, ecofeminism, and postcolonial environmentalism with a close analysis of Tagore's poetry, songs, essays, and his educational project at Santiniketan, this article demonstrates how Tagore dismantles the subject-object dichotomy between humanity and nature. It examines his concept of Jivan Devata (the Lord of Life) as a principle of universal consciousness, his critique of the mechanistic worldview, and his celebration of a "green fuse" that connects all existence. The article concludes by positioning Tagore's vision as a vital philosophical and ethical resource for contemporary environmental thought, offering a path toward a more harmonious and sustainable mode of dwelling on Earth. https://ijels.com/detail/ecopoetics-of-harmony-rabindranath-tagore-s-non-anthropocentric-vision-of-the-living-earth/ Shiben Kumar Sarkar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/67IJELS-101202135-Ecopoetics.pdf