https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usDecember 6 Migrant literature has generated interest around the world since 1980s and consistently produced different accounts of the migrants either fictive or factual or fictive formed out of facts. These have been intensively read and hotly discussed under the arguments of diasporic studies. However, most of the time the difference between being diasporic and migrant has been neglected. This seems to be what happens in Elif Shafak’s The Saint of Incipient Insanities; the characters there, especially Omer, is the migrant who chooses to leave his hometown as well as all the collective identities defining him to become someone else. Not being a diasporic at all, he is not forced to go to USA neither does he ask to abandon what makes him who he is. On his journey to become someone different, he has encountered all the collective identities he thinks he leaves behind and experienced how badly he fails to create a new identity to himself because of his self-denial. In the end, he has to accept his own failure, which appears to be inevitable once a man is in conflict with who he already is. https://ijels.com/detail/mer-zs-pah-o-lu-not-a-chameleon-absorbing-the-color-of-the-culture-they-come-into-contact-with/ Gülden Kazaz Çelik https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-110202045-Omer.pdf The dissertation paper attempts to analyse the representations of tribal life presented in Gopinath Mohanty's novel THE ANCESTOR. It is originally written in Odia by Gopinath Mohanty, and later translated by Arun Kumar Mohanty into English. It is a novel about the lives, customs, belief and rituals of the tribal communities and about the outer intervention that causes disintegration of tribal society disrupting and affecting tribal harmony in adverse ways. Tribes are rich in their culture, custom and folk tradition. Tribal society lives in isolated areas and their social life style is different from the main stream society. Its culture, customs, rituals and traditions are in heritage from the earlier generations and moves to the next generation. The life of tribals changed significantly under British colonialism. This effect is also found in the Paraja tribe. Overall the study explores the blissful moments, the plight and the outer intervention of Paraja life. Gopinath Mohanty, the first Oriya recipient of prestigious Jnanpith award is considered one of the most significant novelists of twentieth century. The pictures of the primitive world that his novels depict are purely honest Tribals, who could not be the part of main stream society and dwell in remote areas of forests and hills, sparkled as the prominent subject to his major novels. Working as a member of state civil service in Koraput district with a predominantly tribal population, Gopinath Mohanty had the juncture to be familiar with life style, culture, customs, ritual, festivals and songs and dances of these tribal people, as well as he interacted with the miserable conditions, poverty and pathetic scene of these blissful innocence tribals. https://ijels.com/detail/depiction-of-tribal-life-in-gopinath-mohanty-s-the-ancestor-dadi-budha/ Dr. Ajit Kumar Mohapatra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-110202030-Depiction.pdf Through its various genres, literature reveals how many cultures hold stories about the triumph of heroic figures over fate, gods and nature. Among these literary forms, epic and myth hold a big space in dealing with human heroic exploits and superhuman deeds. These genres embed the consummation of all aspects of society and oral traditions. In this study, Campbell’s theory of heroic journey outline and Otto Rank’s theory of a mythic herowere used to analyse the protagonists in two epics namely The Mwindo Epic from Africa, and Beowulf from western civilization. Discussion revealed that the twoepics reflect the hero’s journey divided into three main sections videlicet separation, initiation and return. The two heroes’ journey reflects their power for each. It was also found that the two stories depict not only human heroic exploits but also superhuman deeds which range the protagonists not only amongepic characters but also other bygone heroes led by fate against which man’s power can alter nothing. The two epics teach humanity that one’s genuine heroism lies in their persistency. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-campbell-hero-s-journey-in-the-light-of-two-selected-epic-poems-beowulf-and-the-mwindo-epics/ Bazimaziki Gabriel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-110202027-Exploring.pdf In our real life, we have been performing various verbal communications on different context condition of the discourse analysis. The study of context is derived from the study of language meaning. Then, what is “meaning”? This is a question which scholars have been striving to answer for a long time. In the course of their study, they realized that the explanation of meaning could not be achieved without a fuller understanding of context. Early in ancient Greek and Rome, scholars began realizing the intimate relationship between language and certain features of situation. We will find out that different words and sentences should carry the same meaning, or vice versa, one word should express different meanings. The key point is whether the selected words or sentences can match the homologous context. If it does, then, sound effects are shown; if not, what we have emerged has no claim to be a successful communication. Context and text are complementary and mutually dependent. Text, without its specific language environments, is impossible to be accessible to the true meaning of it. This essay will first give a review of the researches on context and discuss the development of scholars’ studies of context. The author is going to presents the view on context from the point of “make” in different sentences. https://ijels.com/detail/study-on-the-role-of-context-in-discourse-analysis-from-the-viewpoint-of-make-in-different-sentence-meanings/ Zhou Ling, Tian Chuanmao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-110202047-Studyon.pdf Movies and TV series are a visual medium, that are intended to evoke the sensory root of vision and the auditory system. The niche, in the cinematic and the television medium is not the mere presence of a story and the subsequent plot attached to it but it is the culmination of expert writing, character arcs (of all the characters) in the movie and TV series, the cathartic experience of the protagonist/antagonist and the plot that builds up to a boiling point which has nowhere to go other than to ingrain in the psyche of the audience. The cinematic and television masterpiece that demands further analysis by critics, which becomes the standard on which many other movies and TV series are made, is not without its own flaws. In spite of said existing flaws, there seems to be a glaring indication that the movie and TV masterpiece has the above qualities mentioned in order to fulfil its place as the ‘movie of all movies’ or simple put cinematic masterpieces. For the sake of brevity and convenience, let us call the criteria in which every movie must be judged as writing, character arc, catharsis, cast’s performance, and plot or ‘WCACCP’ analysis, for short. Critically acclaimed movies (Christopher Nolan's movies) and television series (breaking bad) have an unparralled depth in them that other modern movies or TV series simply fail to match, baring a few exceptions like Francis Ford Coppola’s The Godfather Trilogy (1972-1990), Brian de Palma's Scarface (1983), all of Martin Scorsese's movies, Stanley Kubrick's movies such as 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), The Shining (1980) and Dr. Strangelove (1964), Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941) and the ‘master of suspense’ Alfred Hitchcock's movies such as Psycho (1960) and Vertigo (1958) to name a few. The aim of this paper is to formulate a link between the biases of the audience as well the struggle of the directors and the writers in producing a work of art, being cinema. The audience’s reaction to a particular genre of movies and TV series as well as the category of audience that the writers and directors focus on is a key aspect to dwell deep into. https://ijels.com/detail/thematic-and-narrative-standards-in-american-cinema-an-analysis-on-character-arc-catharsis-and-audience-s-bias/ David Sunil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-111202010-Thematic.pdf Children, the so-called future of every generation, have always been caught up in warfare. This is because they are innocent, helpless and have little choice but to experience the same horror as their parents as casualties or even combatants. Recent developments in warfare have significantly heightened the dangers for children. The past decades have recorded millions of children killed, disabled, orphaned, separated from their parents or dislocated from their homes. War and terrorism are man’s perpetrated acts of violence that have emotionally and psychologically affected generation of children and young people for the rest of their lives. In the Nigerian situation at present, same is seen in the lives of children tormented by Fulani Herdsmen and Boko Haram menace on the populace. The hope of the nation for which this menace occurs continues to be bleak. This paper explores such trauma in children as Ngugi Wa Thiong’o and Onyekwelu Manankiti in their Weep not Child and Fugitive in Biafra respectively present it. https://ijels.com/detail/children-in-war-situations-a-study-of-ngugi-s-weep-not-child-and-onyekwelu-s-fugitive-in-biafra/ Nkechi Ezenwamadu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-11120209-Childrenin.pdf As two giants of classical sociology, Marx and Weber have made great contributions in the field of social stratification, the content of which discussed by the two scholars not only play an important role at that time but also bring inspiration to later sociologists. In modern society, however, because the invisible social stratum still exists and has a positive or negative impact on all aspects of people’s lives, analysis and comparison of social stratification theories by the two scholars are still of current significance. For exploring theories of social stratification by Marx and Weber, I will compare the differences and similarities between the two scholars’ theoretical research in the field of social stratification. After all is done, it is delighted for me to find that their ideological sources could be enlightenment for us to understand modern society better. https://ijels.com/detail/comparison-of-social-stratification-theories-between-marx-and-weber/ Song Daoxin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-111202011-Comparison.pdf In this presentation, I will tackle some social elements that we can learn from Richardson’s Pamela. Well, many things in this masterpiece are promising that Pamela and Mr. B—’s marriage will be successful; e.g. the change of Mr. B—’s behavior towards Pamela. Yet, we have to consider the social backgrounds of this couple, the marriage across class-line and age-line, as well as Mr. B—’s jealousy. Indeed, both Pamela and Mr. B— have many good virtues that will enable them to have a happy marriage life. At the same time, we shouldn’t ignore those enigmatic barriers that they have to handle and be aware of. These obstacles will be of different natures; social, educational, psychological, etc. These barriers may take place in any marriage case; hence I will tackle these barriers as presented in the novel, hoping that this way will shed light on lessons readers may extract from Pamela. https://ijels.com/detail/richardson-s-pamela-predicaments-to-handle-in-pamela-s-marriage/ Gassim H. Dohal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-111202020-Richardson.pdf This study aims to determine the relationship between parental attention and self-concept with student achievement in tentg grade of SMA Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar in academic year 2019/2020. This research is descriptive quantitative with the instrument used is a questionnaire that has been tested for the validity of the instrument and documentation. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the correlation coefficient between the variables of parental attention and learning achievement is 0.57 (57%) and after being compared with r table 0.164 (α = 0.05), the rest of the level of relationship can be influenced by other variables, and the magnitude The correlation between self-concept variables and learning achievement is 0.50 (50%) and after being compared with r table 0.164 (α = 0.05), the rest of the level of the relationship can be influenced by other variables, and the magnitude of the correlation between parental attention and self-concept variables with learning achievement of 0.78 (78%) and compared with r table 0.164 (α = 0.05). This means that it is significant, so the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and it can be concluded that the greater the parental attention and self-concept, the higher the learning achievement. https://ijels.com/detail/the-relationship-between-parents-attention-and-self-concept-with-learning-achievements-in-tenth-grade-students-of-sma-negeri-3-pematangsiantar/ Susy Alestriani Sibagariang, Tambos August Sianturi, Sahat Sitompul https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-110202043-TheRelationship.pdf Rejection, as an indispensable part of interpersonal communication, is a negative response to suggestions, invitations, offers and requests. Because of the differences in language and cultural background, in the same situation, there are many similarities and differences in strategy between China and the United States. If we do not pay attention to these differences, the rejected will be confused or even enraged. As a result, the relationship between the rejected and the rejected is not well maintained, as a result of which the relationship between the rejected and the rejected is not well maintained. The purpose of this study is to explain the similarities and differences of rejection strategies between China and America by comparing the two TV serials 2 Broke Girls and Ode to Joy. This paper not only studies the rejection strategies in English or Chinese, but also analyzes and expounds them from the perspective of Chinese and American comparison. Combining theoretical analysis with empirical analysis, the study of rejection language is more comprehensive and specific. https://ijels.com/detail/comparative-analysis-of-the-refusal-language-between-2-broke-girls-and-ode-to-joy/ Yi Lingling, Tian Chuanmao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-11120207-Comparative.pdf Cthulhu mythos is the general name of a series of horror novels represented by a horror writer who named Howard Phillips Lovecraft. This artificial mythological system provides a new content for horror novels, using special images to promote the plot and to set off the atmosphere to bring readers a new horrible feeling. Although when Lovecraft was alive, readers not paid attention to his works, but in the 21th century, with the rapid development of technology and the Internet, more and more people are addicted in this strange world. Moreover, not only writers, but also video, game, animation and other fields have creators involved in it, showing the charm of Cthulhu Mythos. This paper mainly discusses the influence of the gruesome elements in Cthulhu Mythos on modern western Spine-chillers. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-cthulhu-mythos-influences-in-modern-western-spine-chillers/ Zhang Zhongjing, Tian Chuanmao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-11120206-AnAnalysis.pdf This study focused on the performance of the at-risk pupils in solving mathematical word problems before and after the use of the rotational blended learning strategy. The research adopted the Pretest – Posttest design which dealt with two groups. Data obtained were processed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) using mean and t-test. Findings revealed that before the use of given mathematical learning competencies, both the controlled group and experimental group have average performance levels. But after the use of given mathematical learning competencies, both groups have an improved average performance level. It is recommended that the school leaders and local educational policy makers planned the development of rotational blended learning strategy for classroom use. https://ijels.com/detail/the-effectiveness-of-rotational-blended-learning-strategy-on-the-mathematical-word-problem-solving-skills-of-grade-iv-pupils/ Junil A. Constantino, Ruby A. Constantino https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-11120205-TheEffectiveness.pdf Turi-turian Sigale-gale and tungkot Tunggal Panaluan are local wisdom of Toba Batak culture. To develop the structure of the sigale-gale and the single-limb it is necessary to understand the forming structure and contain the didactic values. So it can be applied and passed down for the next generation. This study aims to describe the structural elements and didactic values of the Toba Batak tourism “Sigale-gale” and “Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan”. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques are observation, documentation, and interviews. The Toba Sigale-gale Batak tour and Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan have the theme of an object that has magical powers. The plot used in the Toba Batak folklore is the forward plot. The dominant characterizations in Batak tours of Toba Sigale-gale and Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan are direct depictions by the authors and depictions by other characters. The more dominant place and atmosphere settings are found in the Batak folklore of Toba Sigale-gale and Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan. In the Sigale-gale and Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan tours, they also have varying mandates, as well the didactic values contained in the Sigale-gale and Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan tours are social, religious, cultural and moral values. https://ijels.com/detail/structural-analysis-and-didactic-values-of-batak-toba-turi-turian-sigale-gale-and-tunggal-panaluan-case-study-of-batak-toba-local-wisdom/ Junifer Siregar, Hetdy Sitio, Holmes Rajagukguk https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-111202012-StructuralAnalysis.pdf This paper is to interpret the main character's image in The Long Goodbye written by Raymond Chandler. It discusses this novel from three perspectives: the main character's characteristics, the relationship between the author and the main character. This thesis points out: the personality of Philip Marlowe was greatly affected by both Raymond Chandler's personal experience and the social circumstance at that time. In this paper, the author mainly applied "Text Analysis" to interpret the image of Philip Marlowe. The body of this thesis consists of three parts: Part one shows the relationship between Raymond Chandler and Philip Marlowe. He describes himself as "an unbecoming mixture of outward difference and inward arrogance". He was a soldier and experienced World War One. Suffered from miseries and loneliness, he considers himself always living on the edge of nothingness. We can clearly see Raymond Chandler's features from the main character Philip Marlowe. Part Two gets a deep insight into Philip Marlowe's characteristics. As a detective, Philip Marlowe shows a tough guy image. He is brave and devotes himself to saving others. At the same time, he isolates himself from the busy urban social life, which represents his loneliness. Part Three analyses deep connotations of the image of Philip Marlowe. From the perspective of the individual, he is the one who saves the people in misery and struggles to achieve his dream; from the perspective of the society, he is a product of the current environment. Under the influence of comprehensive factors, he became a "tough guy" detective. https://ijels.com/detail/a-brief-analysis-of-the-main-character-philip-marlowe-in-the-long-goodbye/ Ren Baiqian, Tian Chuanmao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-111202024-ABrief.pdf Nowadays, the complexities of life have led to negativity which threatens the very core of love in people's hearts and minds. Contemporary men live in a world struggling to rehabilitate themselves from disharmony. His Holiness, the 14th Dalai Lama has given a lifetime of selfless devotion to the pursuit of solutions in service of mankind, with insightful ideals within his literary masterpieces. Thus, this qualitative study analyzed His Holiness’ selected literary works pointing out events and situations on how the Brahmaviharas of the Buddhist tradition are manifested in his works. Findings of the analysis revealed that agape can be traced back to the early days of Buddhism and is expressed in many of its teachings; that His Holiness manifested the fundamental tenets of agape, which underscore the Brahmaviharas or loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity; and that readers may draw out implications on Filipino students’ values specifically their mapagkandiling pagmamahal, pagkamahabagin, kaligayahan and kahinahunan from his writings. By practicing the Brahmaviharas, a great feeling of contentment may result from gratitude and appreciation of life's simple joys even during unprecedented times. https://ijels.com/detail/brahmaviharas-gleaned-in-the-selected-works-of-the-14th-dalai-lama-implications-on-noted-filipino-students-values/ Maria Luisa A. Valdez https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-111202018-Brahmaviharas.pdf In higher education institutions, quality assurance focuses on the process of verifying whether products or services meet or exceed customer expectations. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the customers’ evaluation as regards their satisfaction relative to the operational services of the BatStateU ARASOF-Nasugbu Campus’ College of Arts and Sciences within the rating period covering July up to December 2019. Specifically, it tried to determine the respondents’ evaluation of the operational services rendered by the College in terms of politeness/courtesy given by staff/service provider; reasonable time of service delivery; knowledge and competence of staff/ service provider; accomplishment of purpose of visit/transaction; no extra fees / charges other than what is required; professional treatment and assistance given; and physical setup and condition of the facilities. Likewise, corrective measures were proposed geared towards its operational services’ continuous quality improvement. The study employed the descriptive research method and included a total of four hundred twenty-eight (428) respondents chosen through the convenient sampling method. Findings of the study revealed the Outstanding Service rendered as the overall result of the customer satisfaction survey of the College of Arts and Sciences. However, improvement or changes may still be considered specifically in these two dimensions: the accomplishment of purpose of visit/transaction and the physical setup and condition of the facilities. https://ijels.com/detail/customers-satisfaction-relative-to-the-operational-services-of-the-college-of-arts-and-sciences-basis-for-its-continuous-quality-improvement/ Maria Luisa A. Valdez, Dairen P. De Luna, Chin Chin H. Diaz, Jonel M. Corral, Almerian B. Tayobong https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-111202019-Customers.pdf In view of the researches of theme, "Judaism" of the third-generation Jewish American writers, scholars at home and abroad have made some researches. Rather, the studies are not mature and systematic. Most scholars merely focus on a piece of work of those writers or a single theme. At present, scholars mainly carry out researches on the theme of Judaism from the following aspects: returning to Judaism, Judaism identity anxiety, as well as the consultation between orthodox Judaism and feminist. Analyzing and summarizing researches from the above three aspects will promote further study to some extent. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-on-judaism-of-the-third-generation-jewish-american-writers/ Zhao Xinliang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-11120208-AStudy.pdf Arab-American literature is an emerging literature that is searching a space of recognition and the present article reads it in light of Deleuze and Guattari's theory of 'Minor literature' in an attempt to create a space for its identification. This article examines the rhizomic nature of the Arab-American search of recognition. Moreover, it explores how Arab-American women writings are explained in terms of the political events in the Arab world. They are producing literature from a cramped space building a connection between the exiled, refugee and immigrant selves and the extended social, cultural and political relations seeking new possibilities of life. A literature that frees up language and creatively deterritorializes it from its dominated usage to provide unique modes of expressions that is countering the prevailing cultural and sociopolitical norms integrating the private and the collective, the personal and the political and creating an assemblage of enunciation. In particular, Etel Adnan's poem In the Heart of the Heart of Another Country (2005), is investigated as representing a minor use of a major language and supporting the argument that Arab-American literature is minor literature. https://ijels.com/detail/creating-space-of-identification-the-arab-american-rhizomic-search-of-visibility/ Eman Mohammed Yahya Khalil, Dr. Farhana Khan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-111202017-CreatingSpace.pdf This study aims to focus on a fairly new concept in participatory democracy, called citizen participation or participatory approach supposed to impact on the decision-making process of public authorities in terms of the needs or needs of the population, by putting the citizen in the spotlight. At the center of this process is at least what our constitution lets deduce, the article therefore promises to give answers to the following questions: First, what is the difference between representative democracy and participatory democracy? Deuzio, what are the procedures and legislative mechanisms available to citizens to exercise this right? Third, what are the limits that hamper the efficiency of the participatory approach? This analytical study a fortiori, and the experiences have revealed the limits of this approach in the materialization of the real needs of citizens who are often poorly consulted. the law and the public authorities share the responsibility for these obstacles. https://ijels.com/detail/the-participatory-approach-in-morocco-against-the-2011-constitution-lure-or-reality/ Si Ahmed Attaf https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-111202028-Theparticipatory.pdf The study was a quantitative research that employed descriptive and correlational research designs. It primarily determined if there is a significant association between employee silence, organizational commitment, and job burnout of the regular employees of the selected local government units in District three (3) of the Cotabato province. Results found out that the degree of employee silence in terms of acquiescent, quiescent, prosocial and opportunistic silence observed by the regular employees of the selected local government units at work was moderate. Furthermore, the findings showed that they also shared a moderate degree of organizational commitment in terms of affective, continuance and normative commitment towards their organization. Lastly, the study determined that they experienced a moderate degree of job burnout in terms of exhaustion, cynicism, and professional inefficacy at work. Moreover, the research determined a positive yet very low relationship between employee silence and job burnout, while a negative and very low relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout of the regular employees. Lastly, it was verified in the study that none of the dimensions of employee silence and organizational commitment was statistically significantly linked with any of the dimensions of job burnout. Nevertheless, the study concluded that the correlations that were found between the variables and their dimensions were insignificant and statistically due to probability. Making the study more meaningful for the research respondents, the study recommended an intervention program in the form of development training that the Heads, Supervisors and HRMDO of the concerned offices may use as a keystone in addressing the issues on job burnout that were identified in the study such as feeling strain from working all-day, emotionally drained from work, and used up at the end of the workday for exhaustion; becoming more cynical about the contributions of their work and less enthusiastic about work for cynicism; inability to solve the problems that arise at work, uncertainty on being effective in getting things done, and unable to feel happy when something was accomplished at work for professional inefficacy. https://ijels.com/detail/employee-silence-organizational-commitment-and-job-burnout-of-regular-employees-in-local-government-units-in-the-cotabato-province-philippines-a-keystone-for-intervention/ Rowell P. Nitafan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-111202038-Employee.pdf This study aims to produce teaching materials in the form of electronic modules based on ecopedagogy that are valid, practical and effective for students' environmental care attitudes in social studies subjects. This research is included in research and development (Research and Development) which refers to the ADDIE development model which includes the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation stages. Ecopedagogy-based electronic module testing in learning and environmental care attitude tests were carried out on seventh-grade students of Diponegoro Islamic Middle School, Surakarta. The trial design of this study used the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The results showed that the average percentage of the feasibility value in terms of material and media was 4.4 with very feasible criteria. The use of an ecopedagogy-based electronic module in the limited trial from the teacher is 4.8 and the students get an average score of 4.6 with the very practical category. Ecopedagogy-based electronic modules are effective in improving students' environmental care attitudes marked by an increase in caring attitudes towards the environment from 70.9 to 89.1. These results indicate that the developed ecopedagogy-based electronic module has valid, practical and effective criteria. https://ijels.com/detail/the-effectiveness-of-eco-pedagogy-based-ips-electronic-module-in-improving-attitudes-caring-for-the-environment-of-students-of-islamic-school-diponegoro-surakarta/ Mutiara Danirmala, Asrowi, Akhmad Arif Musadad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-111202023-TheEffectiveness.pdf This research aims to identify the economic literacy of entrepreneurs managing small and medium enterprises (UMKM) by analyzing the influence of connectivity, technological advances, users, knowledge of economy, and innovation on digitalization. Quantitative method comprising questionnaire as its sampling technique was employed. The samples in this research were 120 small and medium enterprises. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed by using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. Based on the research findings, both connectivity and users positively and significantly influence digitalization. Meanwhile, technological advances, knowledge of economy, and innovation positively but insignificantly influence small and medium enterprises digitalization. The researchers suggest other researchers to develop certain design or model that nurture and improve the economic literacy of entrepreneurs managing small and medium enterprises. https://ijels.com/detail/the-digital-economic-literacy-of-entrepreneurs-managing-small-and-medium-enterprises-in-the-era-of-industrial-revolution-4-0/ Dewi Kusuma Wardani, Baedhowi, Laurensia Claudia Pratomo, Andryas Dewi Pratiwi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-111202025-TheDigital.pdf Language employed by a writer has the potential to add literary qualities to a specific text. Language refers to the style that a writer, poet or playwright chooses to add more beauty and charm to the particular literary work. Ali Smith’s style of writing determines the mood and feelings of the characters and the passage of time. The grammatical expressions that Smith employs in her novel give extra details related to the narratives and characters. This paper attempts to analyze how Ali Smith modifies the actual style of a traditional work by constructing a different kind of language in the novel Hotel World. The paper also explores the writer’s subversion of normal conventions while highlighting language in the selected work. https://ijels.com/detail/formulation-of-a-remarkable-stylistic-approach-a-study-based-on-ali-smith-s-hotel-world/ Hema S https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-111202029-Formulation.pdf There are several factors that influenced homosexuality. In this paper, significant areas in human development were reviewed how each of these aspects played a role in homosexual individuals. These paper elaborated the factors that may have a bearing on homosexuality namely: hereditary factors, linkage of Xq28 gene, environmental, epigenetic influence, religion and culture. It was found out these factors displayed different ranges in triggering out homosexuality. This review paper is essential in understanding the root of how homosexuals are developed. This paper will give clarity that homosexuality is a natural phenomenon and not a human deviation of nature. Hence, homosexuality needs to be accepted universally. https://ijels.com/detail/factors-influencing-homosexuality-in-men-a-term-paper/ Margie P. Vito https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-111202022-Factors.pdf The increasing number of children in conflict with law (CICL) and the current move in the Philippine legislative branch to lower down the criminal liability age to 9 or 12 years old necessitates the need to reexamine why children commit crimes using a different lens. The study aimed to describe the recurring themes in the lived experiences of male and female CICL with drug-related cases and to propose a gender-responsive framework as basis for the development of programs for CICL. Using the qualitative research design, the study focused on 5 male and 3 female CICL custodies of various Bahay Pagasa in Batangas. The qualitative data were analyzed using coding and narrative analysis framework particularly following the Holistic-Content approach. The male CICL lack parental attachment and bond which has reinforced influence of delinquent peers and adoption of deviant behaviors while the absence of maternal guidance and experience of violence inside the home among female CICL has catalyzed the desire to escape and strengthen attachment to delinquent peers. Considering these, a gender-responsive framework that focuses on equality of access and opportunities as well as gender-sensitive interventions and facilities are endorsed. https://ijels.com/detail/illegal-drug-offenses-among-children-in-batangas-philippines-a-narrative-introspection/ Dairen P. De Luna, Maria Luisa A. Valdez, Chin Chin H. Diaz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-111202027-Illegal.pdf The educational system changes over the years which in turn demands educational institutions to constantly improve their capacity to deliver quality education to the learners. In order to improve, the school has to assess and address its needs. The main purpose of this study was to assess the current needs of Danahao Integrated School, Danahao, Clarin, Bohol. This study intends to identify school needs in the four dimensions: student development and services, learning facilities and resources, school environment, and professional development. The researchers employed explanatory sequential design which is a sequence of quantitative and qualitative research designs. The study was conducted in two phases. First, the researchers conducted a descriptive survey using a survey questionnaire to the principal and teachers of Danaho Integrated School. A total of thirteen (13) respondents participated in the survey – one (1) principal and twelve (12) teachers. Second, the researchers conducted focus group and interview in order to verify the results in the descriptive survey. There were two focus groups: teachers (11) and students (15). Further, a face-to-face interview was done with the principal. The needs assessment revealed salient areas which of high degree of need. In the overall, majority of these identified needs are under learning facilities and resources. It was recommended that an action plan should be crafted to prioritize and address these needs. https://ijels.com/detail/needs-assessment-in-danahao-integrated-school/ Romar B. Dinoy, Riza A. Beltran, Ramil S. Bulilan, Margie Vito, Ariel Christian Viodor, Jusel A. Monalim, Blandina M. Ombajin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-111202016-NeedsAssessment.pdf This study investigated the relationship of Bohol Island State University (BISU) employees’ awareness and implementation levels of their Career Development Plan (CDP)on their job performance and satisfaction. Using descriptive-survey in a quantitative-correlational approach and universal sampling, it surveyed 345 regular BISU employees. Specifically, it identified the respondents’ demographic profile, their job performance, and job satisfaction, and determined the relationships of their awareness and job performance, awareness and job satisfaction, implementation and job performance, and performance and satisfaction. Findings revealed that respondents were in their young adulthood stage, dominated by females, experienced employees, and highly educated. They did not have enough knowledge of CDP of BISU, perceived it a bit implemented, performed well in their duties, and were somewhat satisfied with their jobs. Employment experience indicated significant results on job performance and satisfaction, implying that the longer their stay in BISU, the better their performance, and the more satisfied they become. Moreover, implementation and job satisfaction showed significant results, meaning the respondents consider the significance and urgency of implementing whatever career plans and programs beneficial for both of employees and the organization. Henceforth, it indicates that proper implementation of the planned career growth would make the workers more satisfied with their jobs. https://ijels.com/detail/awareness-and-implementation-of-career-development-plan-towards-job-performance-and-satisfaction-of-employees/ Ramil S. Bulilan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-111202021-Awareness.pdf Children have been at the receiving end of physical and mental abuse, discrimination and harassment which has ill-effects on their growth. Despite the establishment and enforcement of various national and international laws which protect their rights, they face these challenges. Endless hurdles in their lives, from lack of education to their exploitation as a human resource, are complexly entangled with the issue of poverty they face. This paper attempts to explore Anees Jung’s “Lost Spring: Stories of Lost Childhood” to understand the problems that children face, whose lives are entangled with structures of poverty, gender, caste etc. The paper also attempts to discuss the solutions to these problems as given by Jung. https://ijels.com/detail/portrayal-of-underprivileged-children-problem-of-child-labour-in-lost-spring-stories-of-lost-childhood-by-anees-jung/ Neeharika Singh Lodhi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-111202036-Portrayalof.pdf This paper tackles the question of voice retrieval of the Sudanese Subaltern experiences through the authorship/co-authorship of White British male subject, and the implication for collaborative translation into world literature. The paper particularly engages with the questions of whose voice and whose authorship in translating and worlding minority subaltern literature, in the context of the metropolitan powers’ appropriating politics, and the selective access and humanitarianism of Anglo-American (international) publishing industry. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the paper instrumentalizes the sociological turn in Translation Studies (2010) and Dambroush’s take on World Literature (2003) to read the socio-political implication of the production and circulation of Bashir and Lewis’ Tear of the Desert: a Memoir of Survival in Darfur(2008) to the English-speaking readership. The paper specifically examines the conceptual and textual grid (Lefevere 1999) and their underlying ideology through a tri-fold relational scheme: first, the relation between the text and its author, specifically the question of Bashir’s voice in the text; second, the relation between the author and co-author/collaborative translator(S); and third, the relation between the co-author and South-ridden conflict zone. The paper seeks to investigate the political implication of worlding war literature—through peace journalism (Lynch 1997)—for international readership and politics. The paper argues for the following. First, the textual grid of Tears of the Desert (2008) invokes Morrison’s aesthetic poetics of re-memory (Morrison 1988), which takes shape through instrumentalization of the motherhood trope and intergenerational relaying of past memories to work out the meaning of the present. Second is the conceptual reworking of the text in accordance with the ideology of the interlocutor, and the resultant silences and appropriation of the object of interlocution within the horizon of expectation of international readership. Third is the impact of interlocution on the frames in which the text is positioned and through which it garners visibility and acclaim. Finally, the paper argues for opening theoretical repertoire between translation, literature and peace journalism to discern the political and poetical frames for composing the other and the enabling access structures for the subaltern visibility (not voice) within hegemonic discourse. https://ijels.com/detail/voicing-darfour-s-hu-wo-man-memory-tears-of-the-desert-through-world-literature-and-collaborative-translation-grid/ Riham Debian https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-110202035-Voicing.pdf “Climate change has reversed the temporal order of modernity: those on the margins are now the first to experience the future that awaits all of us ...”, Amitav Ghosh on Tidal surges in his The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable(2016). Till the end of the early modern period, human habitats were traced by the side of river banks, not by the side of the seashore. The latter was regarded with awe, due to its unpredictable storms. Although people inhabited the coastal regions, chose a safe and remote place eventually. In contrast to this pragmatism, colonial rule has cherished a manipulative anthropogenic attitude, by settling along the seashore. This shift in the habitat has directly exposed the people’s lives to risk. In this context, the present two coastal megacities: Kolkata and Bombay have a historical legacy of inundating the population into havoc. But, what could be the reasons for increased storm surges and deluge in the recent past? Indeed, the politics of development has accelerated the pace of disaster on both; dwellers and eco-sensitive biosphere. The mangrove ecosystem protecting these coastal areas is a habitat for biologically diverse flora and fauna, which are threatened by habitat degradation. This paper analyses the triggered risk factor for the lives of people and the species in those coastal megacities, due to unabated, often unchallenged developmental projects and climate change, from an ecocritical perspective. To exemplify this argument Amitav Ghosh’s The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable is referred in this paper. https://ijels.com/detail/climate-change-ecological-risk-in-mumbai-and-kolkata-with-reference-to-amitav-ghosh-s-the-great-derangement-climate-change-and-the-unthinkable-an-ecocritical-review/ Seema S. R https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-111202032-ClimateChange.pdf “Memory studies is an interdisciplinary field and Literature serves as one of the media of cultural memory as history, art and other forms of media”, said Astrid Erll. According to Maurice Halbwachs, there exists no individual memory but a collective memory. Our memory is the product of the personal individual experiences informed by societal practices. This study involves investigating the letters of Anadibai Joshee, the first woman doctor of India to understand the role of cultural memory in the sensitization of the female gender during her times. “Fragmented Feminism: Life and letters of Anadibai Joshee” written by the sociologist Meera Kosambi is an epistolary biographical fiction and it acts as the site of memory to understand the socio-political and cultural impact on the upper class Hindu brahmin women during the nineteenth century. Also, the memories and reflections of Anadibai Joshee stand as a medium to understand the sexist and Gender biases during her time. https://ijels.com/detail/investigation-of-the-individual-and-feminist-cultural-memory-in-the-epistolary-biography-of-anadibai-joshee-by-meera-kosambi/ Niranjana, Dr. G. Bhuvaneswari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-111202039-Investigation.pdf The purpose of this study is to describe the form of deixis used by Pramoedya Ananta Toer in his novels. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with documentation analysis techniques and interviews to collect the data. The results of this study refer to a pragmatic study, namely the form of deixis. The conclusion of the study shows that the form of deixis found in the two novels uses different functions so that this indicates that speakers are able to convey certain meanings to speech partners, making it easier for speakers and speech partners to convey and understand the speech. https://ijels.com/detail/diexsis-in-novel-bumi-manusia-and-bukan-pasar-malam-by-pramoedya-ananta-toer/ Abelian Jordi Wicaksono, Retno Winarni, Muhammad Rohmadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-111202042-Diexsisin.pdf The study aims to determine the Adversity Quotient of Faculty Members of the College of Education of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology San Isidro Campus. The descriptive method of research was utilized using the Adversity Response Profile (ARP) Quick Take. The Percentage, Frequency, and Mean were used for the respondents' profile, academic rank, and monthly salary. Most of the respondents are between 32-38 years old, females, and already married. All of the participants have a Master's Degree, wherein five of them are Doctorate holders. The majority of the respondents have6-10 years of teaching experienceand serving as Instructor I-III. In terms of control, reach, and endurance, the AQ of the majority of the faculty members is average, while in terms of ownership, it is below average. Lastly, majority of the respondents got an average level inthe over-all Adversity Quotient. https://ijels.com/detail/adversity-quotient-of-neust-sic-coed-faculty/ Maricar H. Sison, Junil A. Constantino, Eloisa C. Gabriel, Ma. Teresita C. Vega https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-111202033-AdversityQuotient.pdf A high quality education and an innovative idea impart support to entrepreneurs. However, a technically supported business can have a global impact and thrive in the growing competition. Today, due to globalization the trends of business have changed. A touch of technology in business accelerates the success. Our education today provides excellent experience anda congenial platform for learners to take their learning beyond books and employment. In addition to this progress, the millennials possess passion and energy required for entrepreneurship. The integration of the right education and enthusiasm from learners forms a pillar for entrepreneurship. However, this pillar cannot be strong enough if it is not based on the right technology suited for the business. Hence, we have been witnessing the collapse of small businesses managed by the people who are ignorant of the industry vertical. This paper focuses on the integration of technology and modern educational background that can form a firm basis for entrepreneurs. The role of AI, ML and Blockchain can bring a cornucopia of benefits for the neophytes in the business domain. This survey focuses on three different respondents who adopted technology to save their business from collapsing. This paper also provides a solution for revolutionizing and propelling the ecosystem of the startup companies. This will improve the cost of operation and fetch high revenue. https://ijels.com/detail/technology-a-firm-foundation-for-entrepreneurship/ Shashi Prabha Nagendra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-111202044-Technology.pdf The planet Earth is currently facing one of its most critical crises over the history in form of COVID-19 Pandemic. Around the globe, almost every nation is penetrated by Coronavirus and the number of patients is increasing day by day. Along with time, the lockdowns are going on in each nation and their durations are not in condition of limiting. In education and various other sectors, it is being advised to run activities on digital platform but there are limitations on this platform regarding its capacity and its reach. In order to resume classes in schools and other educational institutes, (whenever the situation will permit this) the boundaries of social distancing are going to be very difficult to be maintained. The face cover seems to be one of the solutions for such situations. Only function of this face cover is to avoid direct touch of hands to the face strictly at all conditions. At the same time, it will contain the respiratory particulates of the wearer inside so that if someone is infected, the outbreak will be avoided. This face cover is capable of covering wearer’s hair, mouth, nose and eyes and hence, it provides extensive safety to person from infection hazards. It is also equipped with the provision near mouth for opening so that the food and beverage consumption can be easily performed without removing the whole cover. Thus, the probability of infection can be reduced with such extensive protection and the world can proceed towards unlocking the environment. https://ijels.com/detail/face-cover-it-is-time-to-upgrade-our-masks/ Omkar Gijare https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-111202034-FaceCover.pdf With the increasing promotion of reform and opening-up as well as the globalization, there are an ever-increasing number of tourists coming to China for sightseeing. And the rapid development of tourism industry makes a further study for scenic spots translation become a must.In all Chinese places and regions, the Jingchuarea, mainly covering Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan province in China, is an important cradle of Three Kingdoms Culture. However, the quality of translation in related spots is uneven and many translation problems are not rare. This research, guided by the Skopostheorie and communicative translation, probes deeply into the current translation situation and translation problems of the Three Kingdoms Cultural Attractions in Jingchu area in China. Then, based on the investigation, the influential factors in translation are analyzed and some strategies to improve translation are given in order to modify the translated versions and promote the cultural communication. https://ijels.com/detail/investigation-and-analysis-on-the-current-situation-of-english-translation-of-the-three-kingdoms-cultural-attractions-in-jingchu-area-china/ Jingwen Chen, Yan Fang Hou https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-111202047-Investigation.pdf In recent 20 years, China's Internet literature has developed rapidly. Especially under the background of Chinese literature going out. It has accelerated the pace of overseas dissemination, first regarding Southeast Asia as the regional hot spot, and then radiating to Europe, America and other countries. Relevant studies have found that, as a new thing, Internet literature has also faced many difficulties during its dissemination, such as poor translation quality, rampant piracy, single subject, and different overseas standards. Therefore, it requires not only non-governmental organizations to consciously increase the market vitality, but also the national support to help Chinese Internet literature actively “go out”. We should strengthen the content review and screening of overseas Internet literature, enhance the protection of multi-channel copyright, pay attention to multi-level copyright operation, and carry out an all-round overseas layout. https://ijels.com/detail/review-of-overseas-communication-of-chinese-internet-literature/ Song Jiaojiao, Duan Youguo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-111202049-Reviewof.pdf The purposes of this research were to improve students’ speaking skill, and to develop discussion debate as a strategy to improve students’ speaking skills. In this research, the researchers used Classroom Action Research (CAR). The procedures used in this research design included planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In the techniques of data collection, the researcher used observation, field notes, tests, and documentation. While in the techniques of data analysis, the researcher assessed each student’s achievement on the English test using the speaking assessment rubric. The development of discussion debate strategies in this study has increased from first cycle, second cycle,and third cycle. The average score of 6 student response indicators to the implementation of the discussion debate strategy in first cycle was 30,79%, insecond cycle was 71.2% and in third cycle was 88.5%. On the other hand, the average of class percentage which met the requirement of minimum completeness criteria of speaking skill in first cycle was 20,68%, in second cycle was 37,5% and in third cycle was 87,66%. Thus, the implementation of this discussion debate strategy was quite effective in increasing student responses and speaking skill. https://ijels.com/detail/improving-speaking-skill-through-discussion-debate-strategy-of-fourth-semester-students-of-english-education-study-program-of-nusa-nipa-university-in-the-academic-year-of-2019-2020/ Marselus Yumelking, Genoveva Dua Eni, Florizan Gani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-111202051-Improvingspeaking.pdf Transient Days is a famous prose written by Chinese famous writer Zhu Ziqing. It gives people a sense of beauty so it is appreciated by people nowadays. As a result, it is translated by many people into English version. The translation of prose must be guided by aesthetics. Translations aesthetics provides people a new perspective to analyze the translation of prose. The purpose of this research to find the merits and shortcomings of three different English versions respectively translated by Zhang Peiji, Zhu Chunsheng and Zhang Mengjing on the basis of Liu Miqing’s translation aesthetics theory and finally to draw an conclusion that Zhang Peiji’s version is the best by a contrastive analysis of three three English versions from the perspective of translation aesthetics. https://ijels.com/detail/a-research-on-aesthetic-representations-in-three-english-versions-of-transient-days-from-the-perspective-of-translation-aesthetics/ Zhu Xinyi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-111202054-AResearch.pdf Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China (excluding Tibet) from 2003 to 2017, this paper constructs the input-output index system, calculates the changes of total factor productivity of equipment manufacturing industry in 30 provinces by using DEA Malmquist analysis model, and further analyzes the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment on the technological progress of domestic equipment manufacturing industry by using the method of Dynamic Panel System GMM influence. The results show that: Although China’s outward foreign direct investment and technological progress of equipment manufacturing industry present a significant positive "U" shape, that is, at the initial stage of foreign investment, the increase of foreign direct investment will reduce the efficiency of technological progress of equipment manufacturing industry, when the outward direct investment reaches a certain scale, that is, when the growth rate of foreign direct investment exceeds a certain threshold, foreign direct investment will significantly promote equipment manufacturing technology progress. From the regional level, the threshold value of the central region is the smallest, which indicates that the scale of foreign investment needed to promote the technological progress of equipment manufacturing industry is relatively small. Finally, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions on how to use foreign direct investment to improve the technical progress of China's equipment manufacturing industry and promote the high-quality development of equipment manufacturing industry. https://ijels.com/detail/research-on-the-influence-of-china-s-outward-foreign-direct-investment-on-technological-progress-of-equipment-manufacturing-industry/ Chen Shaogui https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-111202066-Researchon.pdf Absurd living exists in the irrational and delusional beliefs of man. Life is worth and meaningful to anyone who attaches obligation through chastity and virtue rather than wickedness and ambition. Every individual can be a victim of sentiments. This paper investigates the basis of moral thoughts, origin of morals, impact to people, and how individuals transform themselves to affirm the present condition that shows absurdity. Finally, the present moral intervention in such community is found severe and irrational. Hence, the investigation falls on the conclusion that the present moral thought confined individuals from delusional ressentiment to become victims of sentiments. Morality then is the foundation of virtue and harmony of living, not a path of wickedness that will lead to chaos, drastic destruction and absurdity. https://ijels.com/detail/critical-study-on-delusional-ressentiment-the-case-of-filipino-community/ Patrick Neil M. Santiago https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-111202060-CriticalStudy.pdf Movies are the most popular medium that represents the popular taste and culture. Malayalam cinema has undergone several radical shifts throughout the past years, But still there are movies to satisfy or reinstate the traditional gender roles and patriarchy. The movie Sufiyum Sujathayum is about how society transforms our way of thinking based on the strict adhesion to patriarchy. More than love people consider social acceptance as the most important priority. The paper is an analysis of the movie by using theories such as male gaze and feminism. https://ijels.com/detail/the-hidden-role-patriarchy-in-malayalam-cinema-an-analysis-of-the-movie-sufiyum-sujathayum/ Febini M Joseph, Cefy Joice J https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-111202043-Thehidden.pdf To read Wole Soyinka’s The Interpreters is to contemplate on the consequences brought up by colonial hangover rooted in decolonized Nigerian society. This article examines the events and actions, mainly of the compradors, to explore the lingering efflux of colonialism and finds it as the stumbling block for the progress of decolonized. The emerging elites, political leaders, high personnel of Nigerian society take western culture as a weapon to dominate common people, who seek progress and prosperity of their nation. They prefer western norms and values to their own and continue corruption in order to gain individual benefit forgetting rich cultural values of Nigeria. Soyinka communicates with the independent Nigerian society in order to show the decolonized world to be aware of neo-colonialism and its agents for the autonomous progress and prosperity of the country. https://ijels.com/detail/what-is-inside-the-mask-white-or-still-black-a-post-colonial-musing-on-wole-soyinka-s-the-interpreters/ Raj Kumar Baral, Nitesh Chandra Karki https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-111202046-Whatis.pdf The research aimed to analyze the verbal idioms by using semantic analysis. It is a descriptive qualitative design that applied text analysis focusing on one phenomenon. The data collection taken are words that contain idiomatic meanings in the novel of Gadis Pantai by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The writer collected the data through observation and note-taking techniques. The writer administered source triangulation and theoretical triangulation to test the validity. The result shows that there are five idioms which are formed by using verbs. There are eleven idioms created using transitive affixed verbs, which consisted of 8 phrasal verb idioms and eight partial idioms. There is a finding that nouns always follow the constituent elements of idioms to obtain the idiom's meaning. https://ijels.com/detail/analyzing-verbal-idioms-in-gadis-pantai-novel-of-pramoedya-ananta-toer/ Muhammad Zainul Arifin, Suyitno, Raheni Suhita https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-111202063-Analyzing.pdf The article analyzes the necessity of supplementing the informative-cognitive approach to the mobiliza-tion of ecological consciousness by understanding nature. The question of determining the methodologi-cal potential of hermeneutics for understanding nature and development of environmental hermeneutics as a special field of research is considered. https://ijels.com/detail/environmental-hermenetics-from-cognition-to-nature-understanding/ Nelya Filyanina, Al-Saedi Ahmed, Viktoriya Chitishvili https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-111202053-Environmental.pdf This tracer study was conducted in Sto. Domingo District, Schools Division of Nueva Ecijato determine the career opportunities of 117 elementary student leaders and honor graduates from 1989 to 1993. Using the questionnaire designed by Hirschi, et.al. (2018), the data revealed that the majority of the respondents were female,40 years old, married, and were bachelors' degree holders. Most of them were permanent in their work with a salary range of P46,000 and above. Their field of work was in education and have experienced at least 1 promotion for the last 5 years.The respondents claimed that their co-workers envisioned them as experts and possess profound knowledge in their occupation. Further, their current job fully challenged them and helped increase their skills. Additionally, the respondents have a clear understanding of what they want to achieve in their career and certain that their work-related abilities and knowledge are up-to-date. Also, the educational attainment and type of work of respondents were highly correlated with their career opportunities. The findings of this research have significant reverberations for the career-guidance program of the Department of Education. https://ijels.com/detail/career-opportunities-of-honor-graduates-and-student-leaders-the-case-of-sto-domingo-district/ Rouselle U. Rara, Sally V. Mateo, Gener S. Subia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-11220208-Career.pdf This study aimed to determine the influence of faculty empowerment on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of 174 faculty members in the four (4) public and four (4) private teacher education institutions in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It explored the relationship between the respondents' (a) demographic profile and their empowerment, (b) demographic profile and OCB, and investigated the influence of empowerment to OCB with the use of descriptive-inferential research design, utilizing correlation formulas and regression analysis. The study found that on the domains of empowerment, the faculty members' sense of involvement in decision-making was the lowest largely because they did not feel any involvement in making decisions about the institution's budget. Faculty members' monthly income had a positive correlation with their empowerment, while both monthly income and employment status had a significant relationship with their display of organizational citizenship behavior. Regression analysis revealed that faculty empowerment had a highly significant influence on their organizational citizenship behavior. Results of this study have implications for the management of teacher education institutions. https://ijels.com/detail/faculty-empowerment-its-influence-on-teachers-organizational-citizenship-behavior/ Krissina F. Posadas, Priscila A. Santos, Gener S. Subia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-11220209-Faculty.pdf — Writing of mourning : is it possible to mourn in and through literature ? Death takes its ease in the literary text, indulges all linguistic fantasies and satisfies all the hopes of the author and the reader. Death is therefore for literature what it is for life: an indispensable obsession. The experience of grief is universal ; that most people face at one time or another. But what makes it interesting for us is to analyze how it works in the following literary texts : Diary of a grieving mother by Salwa Tazi and Since my heart is dead by Maïssa Bey. In this section we concern ourselves ons to the question of writing the grief of a child can be read through a literary experience. We wondered Rons this experience and tent er ons to understand since the writing of grief is highly personal in his testimony and suffering, reflecting a singular literary posture. The problematic is inscribed in these terms: what are the scriptural resources that make it possible to write about the death of a child and to account for the dynamics of the enterprise of " reconstruction " of the subject writing after the drama experienced? Our analysis will therefore have as a common thread, that of showing the path of grief through the story, commenting on the symptoms and stages of grief experienced by the authors. This approach will offer an answer to the question : is it possible to mourn in and through writing? We therefore wonder how literature as such, through the work on language and on the emotions that it allows, generates a completely new and specific form of experience of mourning. This questioning raises the question of an approach and a constitution of the experience of mourning through and in the literature that would be quite distinct from other types of discourse or self-exposure. From there ; legitimate questions arise : What form (s) does this literature cover ? What influence does this choice have on the treatment of bereavement in the work in question ? Then, how can one hold a critical discourse which demands neutrality and reserve in the face of such intimate texts and which obviously arouse an empathy which could parasitize rigorous analysis? https://ijels.com/detail/the-story-of-mourning-rehashing-or-passing/ Hemiri Driss https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-111202059-Thestory.pdf Information systems are needed by hospitals. Because in the hospital it needs of a system that facilitates the improvement of performance and services to patients This study aims to develop an information system to support nutritional services based on halal assurance certification in hospitals. This research is an important initial process of analysis because it becomes a determinant in the next process. The method used in this research is Action Research to make it easier to analyze problems qualitatively and to use the System Development Life Cycle with a prototype model as a determination in analyzing system requirements. The results show that with Windows 10 as an operating system with an Intel R Celeron processor and using the MySQL programming language, it can produce a prototype with the interface design that the hospital needs. the resulting system is in line with expectations, is useful, and can assist hospitals in halal assurance certification. https://ijels.com/detail/design-of-information-systems-in-support-of-nutrition-services-based-on-halal-assurance-certification-in-hospitals/ Febitya Valent Difiana, Apoina Kartini, Ratih Sari Wardani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-112202010-Designof.pdf The Glass Menagerie is one of the finest plays of Tennessee Williams. It is often thought of as his first major play, because it was this piece that first brought serious critical and public attention to his work when, in 1945, its premiere production became the hit of the theatrical season- initially in Chicago and then in New York. It almost transformed the lifestyle of Williams overnight. It is a phenomenal memory play that won New York Drama Critics Circle Award, Donaldson Award, and Sidney Howard Memorial Award in 1945. To this day, The Glass Menagerie remains the most frequently produced of his plays, and arguably the most popular with the audience. Tennessee Williams presents before us the dark world of the one-dimensional society of the modern civilization that survives amid exploitation and monetary beliefs. He makes us realize that such worldly circumstances of the tainted world drive the misfits and the rebels to lead lives of dejected madness. It happens due to their failure to adjust to the worldly norms so they create a Utopia through fabricated illusions to feel a sense of freedom. This difficulty the characters have in accepting and relating to reality while they cherish illusions in their lives is the most prominent and urgent theme of the play. The difference between truth and appearance creates an ironic gap and in light of these factors, this essay analyses the theme of conflict between illusion and reality in Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie. https://ijels.com/detail/conflict-between-reality-and-illusion-in-tennessee-williams-play-the-glass-menagerie/ Pradnya Bhawar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-111202061-Conflictbetween.pdf Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus is typically recognized as a play which represents orthodox beliefs in early modern England. Concurrently, the vestiges of subversion in the play have not been unheeded. There have, as such, been attempts to demonstrate how certain incidents in the play may have destabilized the dominant ethical values in Elizabethan England. In this essay, I intend to re-examine the socio-political undertones of the play and to demonstrate how our reconfiguration of the protagonist’s death in Doctor Faustus may afford us a novel reading of this play. Essentially, I underline the possibility of construing Faustus’s self-destruction by drawing upon politico-theological, other than, eschatological conceptions. I argue that Faustus’s death, on two grounds, is political; first, it demonstrates the subject’s audacious claim of sovereign authority to decide on his own life; second, the protagonist’s declaration of potentially destabilizing intentions for socio-political reform precedes his decision for self-destruction via a demonic pact. I explain how our reconceptualization of Faustus’s death can not only shed light on certain facets of the enigma of self-destruction in the play, but underscore the play’s pertinence to our contemporary world where the question of suicide and its significations have afforded momentum to various discourses on the subject’s political agency. https://ijels.com/detail/the-enigma-of-political-self-destruction-in-christopher-marlowe-s-doctor-faustus/ Mohammad Safaei https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-112202012-TheEnigma.pdf Women, the ones to whom equal importance should be given to men in this world are always portrayed as weaker sex throughout centuries. In the play ‘KAMALA’ (1981), the playwright picturises the status and the position of women and how they were treated and viewed by the male community as a pawn to attain their aim and desires. In this play, the characters ‘Kamala’ and ‘Saritha’ have continuously been treated as slaves by the society and by her husband who was a journalist ‘Jaisingh’ respectively. The physical and mental traumas which the characters undergo throughout the play represent the pain and the sufferings of the whole female community in male-dominated society. The society itself creates such an ideology to see women only as a body which provides sexual pleasures and not as a human with emotions and feelings. The research paper vividly examines how women were socially tuned by society as a commodity and the conflict between master and slave. https://ijels.com/detail/portrayal-of-women-and-their-mental-trauma-in-the-patriarchial-society-through-the-play-kamala-by-vijay-dhond-pant-tendulkar/ L. Priyadharshini https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-11220201-Portrayal.pdf It is known to all of us that language is a system that is affected by time and space, and is subjected to the growth, development, death and extinction to which living organisms are exposed. And while people are suffering, the language is also struggling, so some words will migrate from one language or move to another, because some people move from one country to another. Therefore, the presence of the arabized and the intruder in the language is a natural human phenomenon, as is the case with the meetings with people, their cooperation and experiences, and the exchange of interests and experiences between them. Because understanding language is the main means to achieve this goal, and it is self-evident that a person puts foreign words in a specific situation and differs from one case to another, so they are common in his language and mixed with it, so sometimes it is difficult to know their source. Like other languages, the Arabic language suffers from the multitude of languages, because the Arabs before Islam met people from afar, but the scope of this meeting was limited and narrow because they lived on their own islands. This is affected by other countries and languages, and this deepens their pride in themselves and their language, so compared to the expansion after Islam, the pre-Islamic and post-Islam era had few Arabized and extraneous expressions, so Islam entered many countries from the people of open countries, and Islam entered many other countries . Types of life are transmitted to the Arabic environment, and the Arabic language is affected by a large crowd, so writers and poets must use foreign terms because these words are very common in actual use. The influence of these languages varies with the different cultures and civilizations of the peoples of different countries, the length of the meeting, the length of time, the breadth of the field and the diversity of vision, the strength and usefulness of the language itself or religion or the difference in linguistic immunity resulting from ethnic immunity. This problem is not only limited to borrowing, but also extends to the effects it leaves to predict the effect of this borrowing between languages, and appears in the elements of a language: in terms of its vocabulary, structure and methods, but scholars are not. Terminology and methodology focus on these effects. Because of its weakness, their research is limited to the phonemic and structural aspects of the vocabulary. https://ijels.com/detail/the-arabized-and-the-intruder-in-al-muheet-dictionary-by-al-fayrouzabadi/ Dr. Shatha Jassim Hadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-112202013-TheArabized.pdf This study aimed to determine the efficacy of bimodal subtitling (English) in improving the listening comprehension of English as a Second Language (ESL) learners. Fifty Grade 10 students from San Jose City National High School were selected as participants in the experiment. A listening comprehension test was first administered to determine the current listening level of the respondents and the result served as the baseline data in assigning them to the control and experimental groups through match-pairing. Six video lessons about selected literature of the world were used as materials in the study. The control group watched the videos without subtitles while the experimental group received the bimodal subtitling treatment. After the viewing sessions, the respondents answered a sixty-item comprehension test about the materials viewed, and the data gathered were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings show that the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of listening comprehension and the difference in their post-test scores was significant. Thus, the efficacy of bimodal subtitling in improving the listening comprehension of ESL learners was proven. https://ijels.com/detail/the-efficacy-of-bimodal-subtitling-in-improving-the-listening-comprehension-of-english-as-a-second-language-esl-learners/ Kenneth Christopher S. Dumlao, Ruth C. Alfonso, Elgin S. Paguirigan, Gener S. Subia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-112202019-TheEfficacy.pdf This study investigated quality control measures adopted by school principals to enhance attainment of secondary education goals in Obudu Local Government Area in Cross River State. Specifically, the study assessed the relationship between quality control measures of effective instructional supervision, teacher performance evaluation and secondary school goal attainment. To achieve the purpose of the study, two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Survey research design was adopted for the study, all the 26 principals of public secondary schools in Obudu LGA were both the population and sample for the study using the census approach. An instrument tittled: Principals’ Quality Control Measures and Secondary School Goal Attainment Questionnaire (PQCMSSGAQ) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by five experts in Educational Management and Educational Measurement and Evaluation in University of Calabar. The instrument obtained a reliability coefficients ranging from .75-.81 using the split half method. Data was collected and analyzed through Pearson product moment correlation analysis, the results of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between effective instructional supervision, teacher performance evaluation and secondary school goal attainment. It was therefore recommended that principals should constantly carry out routine and periodic instructional supervision and teacher performance evaluation to fast track secondary school goal attainment. https://ijels.com/detail/principals-quality-control-measures-and-secondary-school-goal-attainment-in-obudu-local-government-area-cross-river-state-nigeria/ Eton Idorenyin Clement, Kajang Margaret Ngieagba, Omorobi Garieth Omorobi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-11220205-Principal.pdf Gender when portrayed in films has not always shown justice to all genders. Many show women as vulnerable, who need a savior to pull them out of whatever neck-deep situation they are stuck in. Men have always had the upper, masculine side, having to face all the tough situations, take bullets for their women or family, and maybe even sacrifice his life for the greater good. The other variants which have been repressed for so long are only still gaining their spotlight in film and society. The role that film and media play in the life of a young adult paves a huge way into their thoughts of reconsidering their preferred role models and thinking pattern when it comes to giving equal on-screen time, opportunity and portraying gender equity in the film industry. Gender should not be treated as a social construct rather it should be valued based on individual preferences of representing themselves to society. Films should by all means be able to present gender equity to the public because what else can catch the attention of the public if not higher quality definition moving pictures on a monumental screen? My paper will focus on the importance of constructing gender through the right lens, how it paves its way to the minds of today’s generation and on the significance of equity of genders in the film industry. https://ijels.com/detail/films-the-space-to-propagate-gender-equity/ Jereena Babu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-111202013-Films.pdf Crimes are not something that is hidden from the eyes of the public. But some crimes have their way of being kept secret from the eyes of those hunting down the ones behind this atrocity, namely serial killers. This would not be possible unless the murder was planned out in such a way that was undetectable by the police and for that to happen it was necessary that the person committing the murders had higher-order thinking skills and a unique way of planning a murder so clean and perfect. Ted Bundy, being the handsome heartthrob of many young women despite them knowing his background of killing spree is the main subject of this research paper and through the unveiling of his psychopathic pattern of crime and his pattern of victim choosing, the murders of one of the greatest serial killers of all time are studied and exposed to have a better understanding of what methodology worked through the criminal mastermind’s head. https://ijels.com/detail/the-abominable-killer-an-introspection-of-the-bundy-murders-the-bundy-murders-a-comprehensive-history/ Jereena Babu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-111202014-TheAbominable.pdf Based on the principal theories and previous studies about Virginia Woolf and her work, considering Woolf’s view on life and writing, this paper attempts to explore the life philosophy of Virginia Woolf about truth and reality by analyzing the symbolic meaning of the image of “wedge-shaped core of darkness” in To the Lighthouse, which appears once in the book, but could be the very symbol to demonstrate Woolf’s inward understanding of truth and reality. https://ijels.com/detail/harmony-and-integration-the-core-of-woolf-s-truth-a-brief-analysis-of-wedge-shaped-core-of-darkness-in-to-the-lighthouse/ Jing Wang, Baihan Gao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/58IJELS-11220204-Harmony.pdf The study aims to identify collective self-esteem in the communities settled in the Aymara provinces of the Puno region, in that perspective, the objective is to describe the characteristics of collective self-esteem; in the same way to analyze the ways of conceptualizing them and interpret the collective living self-esteem of the populations under study. The methodology that was used was ethnographic and hermeneutical; The work collected perceptions and attitudes related to the type of self-esteem and participation in the communities under study, where in-depth interviews and focus groups were applied in three areas: south, center and north. The results show us that the population of the Aymara communities are aware of their belonging to social identity groups and categories and these are determined and related to the socio-cultural environment, which lead to a positive or negative perception of collective practices and everyday. It is concluded that in the Aymara communities an expression and manifestation of collective self-esteem persists, which has been reconfigured according to socio-cultural changes. The study helps to improve the perceptions and decisions related to the Aymara rural communities in Puno. https://ijels.com/detail/collective-self-estimate-in-the-aymaras-communities-puno-peru/ Vicente Alanoca Arocutipa, Jorge Apaza Ticona, Roberto A. Quenta Paniagua, Guillermo Cutipa Añamuro https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/59IJELS-112202014-Collective.pdf This article claims that literatures work as means of production and reflection of nationalistic ideology. Ithelps in the production and reflects ideology like nationalism, globalism, cosmopolitanism, humanism, internationalism, and so on. To discuss many ideologies in this short article is not possible; I, therefore, will be mainly concentrating on the nationalistic ideology reflected in various works of literary art. Literature is something that reflects the condition of human in the society; it reflects through ideology and influences the society socially and politically. Literature, thus, creates a world out of words.As an ideology nationalism involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a nation; it refers to a strong feeling of love and pride in one’s country. From socio-political perspective, nationalism denotes a policy based on a strong desire for political independence by a country colonized by another country. A quest for nationalism means a quest for identity. Moreover, a strong love shown by the people for a certain cultural, linguistic, ethnic, and other such types of groups, to which they belong is a kind of nationalistic feeling. Several diverse conceptions come under the concept of nationalistic ideal. Various definitions of nationalism given by different people--Frantz Fanon, John Stuart Mill, Craig Calhoun, and Michael Ignatieff--help understand that nationalism is an overarching umbrella term encompassing many concepts which this article discusses. https://ijels.com/detail/a-means-of-production-and-reflection-of-nationalistic-ideal/ Pradeep Kumar Giri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/60IJELS-112202026-AMeans.pdf The determinants of defense expenditure demand are mainly military activities, economic factors, political environment, and other related factors. Based on this, this paper analyzes and tests the characteristics of China's defense expenditure demand from 1952 to 2016.The empirical analysis is based on the autoregressive distributed lag model-Bound Test, to analyze the long-term co-integration relationship between defense expenditure demand and its determinants. Meanwhile, the results show that the long-term elasticity of China's defense expenditure demand is higher than the short-term elasticity. https://ijels.com/detail/the-determinants-of-defense-expenditure-in-china-s-peaceful-rise/ Lixiang Chen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/61IJELS-112202021-The.pdf This article analyzed the human psyche, their loss, and their sufferings in the war of terror with reference to the description of The Shadow of the Crescent Moon. It is about the hegemony of politicians and religious hypocrisy. Fatima Bhutto broke the boundaries of trauma and stress in this particular novel. Bhutto chronicled how injustice and enormity had driven her characters to different dispositions. Attention is paid to the behavior, feelings, and sentiments of the characters. This analysis discovers that human beings are always engaged in the process of development. The intention of this research is to show how Bhutto explored the experience of disaster, the consequences of war, and the process of searching for one's loved ones in which the characters indulged throughout the novel. Why was the atmosphere among the three brothers strained? Why did Mina attend the funeral orations of unknown children and create a scene there? Why was Samarra unforgiving? The answers to the above questions are discussed in this article respectively. https://ijels.com/detail/critically-analyzing-war-on-terror-in-the-light-of-fatima-bhutto-s-the-shadow-of-the-crescent-moon/ Sara Zainab, Dr. Perveen Akhter Farhat, Dr. Akmal Basharat https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/62IJELS-112202017-Critically.pdf Sociologically, all values acquired over time are expressed as culture. Food and drink, which is one of the natural activities of human beings, that is, all kinds of nutritional activities, preparation of meals, even table setting are included in the culture. Seljuk / Ottoman cuisine has a very rich and deep-rooted history, and its continuation Turkish cuisine is also very rich. This wealth has come about by living together with many nations and having cultural interaction. Food groups and ingredients in Turkish cuisine are quite high and desserts have an important place among them. When it comes to Turkish cuisine dessert, baklava and Turkish delight come first. In addition to these, there are also helvas produced with a wide type of ingredients and different methods. The name of helva is derived from the Arabic word "hulv" and its plural "hulviyyat" is used to mean “sweets”. In its simplest form, halva is obtained by adding sugar syrup to flour roasted in oil. Of course, the way of making helva, which has many types, is also unique to each helva. Provided a specially produced meal is identified with the region or country in which it is made in terms of its characteristics, recording it is called a geographical indication to be recorded under certain conditions. In Turkey there are currently 10 geographical indication helva. There are also dozens of meals and desserts whose geographical indication process continues. Gastronomy tourism is briefly tasting a meal and seeing the preparation process of the meal on making process. Expansion of the tour destination by including meals in cultural tours continues with the increasing trend in recent years. With this article, it is aimed to introduce Turkish cuisine, in terms of sustainability, desserts and helvas among desserts in the international arena and to increase their awareness. In addition, the suggestion of including Turkish sweets and helvas at designing destination was emphasized in the touristic or gastronomic tours to be organized in Turkey. https://ijels.com/detail/geographical-indication-helvas-in-turkey/ Abdullah Badem https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/63IJELS-112202029-Geographical.pdf The Superwoman ideology of superheroes has long been elusive in the cinematic medium (Movies, TV shows and Anime) as well as the print medium (graphic novels, comics and manga). However, this elusiveness is not due to the fact that patriarchy has a role to play in its propagation but it is because the Superwoman (or Tough Girl) trope has long been used, reused and overused to the point it is no longer a matter of elusiveness or careful insertion in the mainstream cinematic or print mediums. Instead of subtly portraying a strong woman character that embraces her calm and composed feminine side counterbalancing it with her strong will and determination to overcome a given problem. Characters like Skyler White from the TV series Breaking Bad (2008-2013), Gal Gadot from (Wonder Woman (2017), Batman vs Superman (2016) and Justice League (2017)), Claire Underwood from the TV series House of Cards (2013-2018), Bulma & Android 18 from the anime Dragon Ball Z (1989-1996) & Dragon Ball Super (2015-present) and Mikasa Ackerman from the anime Attack on Titan (2013-present) are vital examples for this multiple layered woman tropes. In this research paper we will be looking into the dynamics behind the excessive masculinity that is employed for woman characters like Trinity from The Matrix Trilogy (1999-2003), Scarlet Johansson from The Avengers (2012-2019) series of movies, Caulifla and Kale from the Dragon Ball Super (2015-present) to name a few. In order for us to effectively ascertain what these gametes of women representations unfold, we need to analyze how these characters interact and portray their characters in tandem with the other male characters as well as the other lesser female characters in their respective movies, TV series or anime. After such a comparison or standard has been set between them and the other characters, then we can identify what are their motivations for acting a certain way. Strong woman characters and the overly masculine woman characters will both go through this comparison standard that this paper will attempt to put them through and only then can we safely call them a strong woman character or an overly masculine woman character. This paper will attempt to give a strong justification for both the categories of woman characters and try to understand them. https://ijels.com/detail/the-superwoman-trope-an-analysis-on-excessive-masculine-woman-superheroes-in-movies-anime-and-tv-shows/ David Sunil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/64IJELS-112202028-TheSuperwoman.pdf It has been thousands of years since literary art has been created. And there are diverse definitions on what literary art is and what its functions are. However, there is hardly any view on how literary art is produced. As a result, there are people who think that literary art is the product of mere idleness or fantasy and hence the world cannot get necessary benefit from it. When we know about the nature of artistic creation, people would not have any false belief about it like this. So the purpose of this article is to put forward a view on how literary art is created. It claims that literary art is created when one remains away from the elements of nature. And it is created to fulfil the sense of lack of nature in the conducts of human beings. When we know this nature of artistic creation, people would not take literary art as the creation of idleness. When it is well known, there could be established certain cannons of creating literary art and interpreting them. Then, it would be proved to be helpful in creating harmony in and between human being and nature. https://ijels.com/detail/art-as-the-creation-of-nature-complex/ Dr. Raju Chitrakar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/65IJELS-112202030-Artas.pdf The research seeks to find out the South Indian Tamil cinema’s influence on Sri Lankan Tamil filmmakers. In addition to that, the study examines the nature of the South Indian Tamil cinema’s influence on Sri Lankan Tamil filmmakers, the reasons for the South Indian Tamil cinema’s influence on Sri Lankan Tamil filmmakers and the recommendation to overcome from the South Indian Tamil cinema’s influence on Sri Lankan Tamil filmmakers. In order to carry out the objectives of the research, survey methodology was employed. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews.The research found out thatMajority of the Sri Lankan Tamil film directors are influenced by the South Indian Tamil cinema in their film making style and their main purpose of filmmaking is entertainment rather than social messages. The civil war in Sri Lanka, Migrations of Sri Lankan Tamil artists, Loss of Sri Lankan Tamil studios, Sri Lankan Tamil media’s attractions towards South Indian Tamil cine field, a smaller number of Sri Lankan Tamil audience compared to South Indian Tamil audiences are the basic reasons for the Sri Lankan Tamil filmmakers to be influenced by the South Indian Tamil cinema. Most of the Sri Lankan Tamil short film directors like to make entertaining short films in South Indian Tamil movie style and dialogue delivery as majority of the Sri Lankan Tamil audience enjoy comedy, romantic and fantasy genre short films rather than social content oriented short films. Currently most of the Sri Lankan Tamil films are produced by Diaspora Sri Lankan Tamils and majority of them are willing to spend money on commercial south Indian style cinema. Majority of the south Indian filmmakers are professionally sound and they have completed filmmaking courses. Rest of the South Indian directors have worked as assistant directors under famous south Indian Tamil directors who gave successful movies but Sri Lankan Tamil directors have no any Tamil institutes in Sri Lanka to study filmmaking. Theatre owners who screen the South Indian movies should give specific times or days for Sri Lankan movies since Sri Lankan Tamil filmmakers are requested to screen their films when there are no any south Indian films running in the theatres. The Sri Lankan Tamil media should give equal support to the Sri Lankan filmmakers like they do for South Indian artist. Sri Lankan media should encourage the Sri Lankan Tamil short filmmakers with short film competitions shows like “NaalayaIyakkunar” of Kalaignar TV which has produced more young talents as the filmmakers in South Indian film industry. “Osmodeus” a Tamil short film directed by Jacob L Jeroshan from Batticaloa, Sri Lanka was screened in Cannes film festival 2018. But none of the Sri Lankan media had covered this news. The study recommends that the Sri Lankan Tamil directors are in need to make the movies which up to the standards of South Indian Tamil movies. As Sri Lankan setting has many stories, The Sri Lankan Tamil directors should have a courage to try something new rather than following usual commercial methods of filmmaking. Sri Lankan Tamil filmmakers should make movies which are in the standard to screen in the International film festivals where they are able to earn international producers and movie distributors. Sri Lankan Tamil directors should come out of the “Eezham” concept of scripts since many directors already have made on that. Media students and movie lovers should try to make groups, associations, or workshop on world cinema which help the filmmakers to get more knowledge of film language and filmmaking. Tamil filmmaking institute should be implemented in Sri Lanka to learn professional way of filmmaking and professional acting. An association should be implemented to approach the needed things easily for filmmaking and guide the artists with rules and regulation.Sri Lankan Tamil directors should do need analysis research among Sri Lankan Tamil audience to understand their interest and expectation on Sri Lankan Tamil movies. https://ijels.com/detail/south-indian-tamil-cinema-s-influence-on-sri-lankan-tamil-filmmakers/ R. Joel Jairus, Sivapriya Sriram https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/66IJELS-112202020-SouthIndian.pdf In the middle and late of last century, the world economy shows indication that developed from real to virtual. The status and share of virtual economy in modern economy are rising constantly. How to make virtual economy to serve real economy effectively is an important issue that the international community pays attention to. China's economy is under influence of the tide of internationalization. The virtual economy has been expanding rapidly in recent years, while the surface is satisfactory and the essence is worrying. In combination with actual situation in China, this paper studies the relationship between virtual economy and real economy in China by vector autoregressive method. The results show that with the development of virtual economy, its influence on the structure of real economy will be stronger and stronger, while the promotion to the growth of real economy will be smaller and smaller. The virtual economy of China has a considerable crowding out effect on real economy. https://ijels.com/detail/research-on-the-relation-between-real-economy-and-virtual-economy/ Ran Wei https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/67IJELS-112202025-Researchon.pdf In 2017, the Royal Education Council (REC) initiated a paradigm shift in the teaching of world history in grades 11 and 12. This shift was the mode of teaching world history without a prescribed curriculum. This study aimed to investigate the self-efficacy beliefs of teachers teaching world history without a prescribed textbook and also build the knowledge in context to the Bhutanese classroom experience. In this research, the methodology was a mixed method with social constructivism as a primary research paradigm. Surveys, interviews and document analysis were some of the tools used in this research. Analysis of data highlight some difficulty of teaching without a textbook with teachers’ academic and professional self-efficacy beliefs are slightly above average in the 5 pointsLikert’s rating scale. . The study also shows insignificant correlation of different professional qualifications on the efficacy level of teachers. This study does not include student views and perspective and limits the conclusion on textbook-less teaching merits and challenges. https://ijels.com/detail/investigating-the-self-efficacy-beliefs-and-experiences-of-teachers-teaching-grades-11-and-12-world-history-without-a-textbook/ Dorji S, Ramesh Kumar Chettri, Karma Phuntsho, Thukten Jamtso https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/68IJELS-112202022-Investigating.pdf African literature is, in essence, the dramatization of sadism and fear that has impacted greatly on both its themes and style. This is because African historical and political experiences have presented highly topical subjects for the continent’s literary creation. The purpose of this paper is to show the relationship existing between sadism and Art with reference to Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong’o The River Between and Wizard of the Crow, and Henri Lopes’s The Laughing Cry. The exploration of these novels reveals that symptoms of the mental pathology could be diagnosed both among some characters who, either in the relationship colonizer-colonized, or in the context of post-independence, as well, joyfully perpetrate acts of an extreme barbarity. https://ijels.com/detail/sadism-and-fear-as-dominant-metaphors-in-the-african-novel-a-study-of-ng-g-wa-thiong-o-s-the-river-between-wizard-of-the-crow-and-henri-lopes-the-laughing-cry/ Alphonse Dorien Makosso, Anicet Odilon Matongo Nkouka https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/69IJELS-112202024-Sadismand.pdf Motivation is the heartbeat to students’ retention. It keep learners active and alive to remain at school until completion. Students who join secondary education have diverse needs as they come from diverse walks of life. Therefore, motivation stimulate them while at school by meeting their diverse personal needs. This study aimed at exploring the impact of motivation on students’ retention in Public secondary schools in Rorya Dis-trict, Tanzania. The study was based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory of motivation. The study adopt-ed a mixed research approach and an explanatory sequential design. The sample sizes of one hundred and twenty six (n=126) respondents obtained through stratified random sampling, purposive, snowball and sim-ple random sampling techniques were involved. Questionnaires, unstructured interviews and a document re-view checklist were used to collect data. Validity and reliability were checked. The result of test-retest was 0.87. The validity of the tools was assured by sending tools to education foundations research experts. Therefore, the instruments were valid and reliable. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS version 20 and content analysis approach. The findings indicated that motivation greatly influence secondary school students’ retention. The study recommended that, the teachers and all educa-tional stakeholders should actively participate in the motivation of students to continue with the school by ensuring a safe, active parenting role as well as supportive and conducive environment for a student suc-cessful completion of his or her studies. Students’ need care, love, and respect to remain at school until com-pletion. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-motivation-on-students-retention-in-public-secondary-schools-in-rorya-district-tazania/ Philimini Philemon, Demetria Gerold Mkulu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/70IJELS-112202035-Impactof.pdf This study aimed at investigating the influence of leadership styles of heads of schools on students’ academic performance in public secondary schools. The study was guided by the following objectives: to determine the influence of laissez-faire leadership style influences students’ academic performance and to find out the influence of democratic leadership style influences students’ academic performance in public secondary schools. The study adopted the contingency leadership theory as propounded by Fielder (1978). Mixed Methods Research Approach was employed. Simple random, stratified, and purposive sampling techniques were employed giving the total sample size of 111 individuals. The convergent parallel research design was used whereby the researcher mixed quantitative and qualitative data in a single study and analysed the two different components independently, and interpreted the results together. Quantitative were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 21.0), while Qualitative data were analysed using open coding to get categories- themes. The study aimed at finding out which leadership styles school heads employed and how they employed them. This partly explained why several students in Nyamagana Districts performed very poorly. The study recommends that the government should deploy school heads that have undergone leadership courses as well as build leadership capacity among those who are already in schools without adequate knowledge on leadership. Also, school heads with credible leadership knowledge should cascade and share it with relevant educational stakeholders. https://ijels.com/detail/influence-of-school-heads-leadership-styles-on-students-academic-performance-in-public-secondary-schools-in-nyamagana-district-mwanza-tanzania/ Upendo John, Demetria Gerold Mkulu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/71IJELS-112202036-Influenceof.pdf The study aimed at investigating the influence of students’ council in management of students discipline in public secondary schools in Bariadi District, Tanzania. The study employed mixed research approach with a convergent parallel design. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires while interview and focus group discussion were methods used to collect qualitative data. The study included 04 heads of secondary schools, 04 discipline teachers, 74 teachers, 40 members of students’ council and 94 students. The quantitative data was descriptively analyzed with the help of SPSS version 20 while thematic analysis was employed in analyzing qualitative data. The study established that students’ council play a significant role in managing students’ discipline through promoting healthier leadership, enforcing school rules and behavior and being role model for positive behavioral change among students. The findings further revealed that students’ council was highly involved in enforcing school rules and regulations while less involved in decision making on disciplinary matters and punishing misbehaving students. The study recommended that government through the ministry of education should make sure that there are policy change to allow school management involve students’ council in making decision basically students discipline in secondary schools. https://ijels.com/detail/enhancing-students-council-involvement-in-management-of-discipline-in-public-secondary-schools-in-bariadi-district-council-tanzania/ Hamis Lumanija, Demetria Gerold Mkulu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/72IJELS-112202037-Enhancing.pdf Quality Nutrition services at the hospital will help speed up the patient's healing process, which means also shortening the length of hospitalization days so as to save on medical costs. The Nutrition Installation is in charge of receiving patient order data, recapitulating it, and then making recapitulation results based on the order data. This creates a problem because the use of paper to record patient data in each room is of course too much, not to mention the distance between the room and the nutrition office which is far away and the data recapitulation process takes a long time. Based on these problems, a desktop-based food ordering application was created which can be an alternative for nurses and nutrition workers in ordering patient food every day. The general objective of this research is to develop a web-based information system in the hospital. The type of research carried out in this research is the Mix Method, which is a research model that is simultaneously practicing and theorizing, or combining theory as well as implementing practice. Qualitative research is used to design SI food ordering inpatients. While quantitative research is used to evaluate SI and quality of information using the waterfall method. The method used in this research is a waterfall. The application is made using the Visual Basic programming language. Net Database and SQL Server. The desktop-based food ordering application at Ken Saras Hospital is tested using the black box method and provides a statement in the form of a questionnaire to the research subject, namely dmin , nurses, and staff as app users. The results of this study are an application that features food ordering, order recapitulation, changing the application background, and setting database connections. The results of the questionnaire conducted show that the system is feasible to use with an average of 76% Interpretation Percentage. Suggestions for research, monitoring and evaluation of the system can be carried out periodically, so that problems and obstacles in the system can be immediately known and resolved and system testing is needed based on user acceptance of the new information system. https://ijels.com/detail/development-of-information-systems-management-of-food-order-in-web-based-patients-in-hospital-nutrition-installations/ Maimun Bilondatu, Apoina Kartini, Ratih Sari Wardani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/73IJELS-112202018-Development.pdf This essay explores the themes of alienation and despair in Okey Ndibe’s Arrows of Rain. The essay argues that in Arrows of Rain, Okey Ndibe depicts poor governance, political oppression, economic exploitation and suppression of human rights as the main causes of alienation and despair among the characters, and presents prostitution and mental derangement as some of the manifestations of the alienation and despair. The essay also contends that Okey Ndibe portrays alienation and despair as existential themes in the novel and he does that by presenting self-isolation, absurdity and meaninglessness of life. https://ijels.com/detail/alienation-and-despair-in-okey-ndibe-s-arrows-of-rain/ Wisely C. Mkandawire https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/74IJELS-112202023-Alienation.pdf This study assessed the outcome of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in Tabuk City, Kalinga. Towards this goal, it determined the following: level of attainment of the program’s objectives; extent of compliance of the grantees on program’s conditions; degree of seriousness of problems encountered in its implementation; and its performance indicators along health and nutrition, and education. The research design involved the use of descriptive survey method, documentary analysis, interview, and focus group discussion (FGD) in order to collect data on the outcome of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in Tabuk City, Kalinga. The respondents are the Pantawid Pamilya Program beneficiaries, implementers and community in Tabuk City, Kalinga. The questionnaire was utilized in gathering data about the attainment of the goals and objectives of the program; extent of compliance on program conditions; and, the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the implementation of the Pantawid Pamilya. Analysis of data was limited to the use of frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings revealed show that the respondents claimed that the objectives of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program were very much attained; the program conditions were very much complied; and problems encountered in its implementation were less serious. Analysis of variance result revealed that there was no significant difference on the perception of the beneficiaries, implementers and community on the level of attainment of the objectives of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. The result of analysis of variance revealed that there was no significant difference on the perception of the respondents on the: level of attainment of the program’s objectives; extent of compliance of the conditionalities/conditions of the program; and degree of problems encountered in the implementation of the Program. Documentary analysis on health and nutrition revealed that all pregnant household members complied and completed the required number of prenatal visits; they give birth to RHUs and lying in clinics in the locality which were attended by healthcare professionals; postpartum follow-up care was provided; no maternal complications and postpartum complications were seen and observed; Pantawid Pamilya children were vaccinated; consultation services were rendered; and regular weight monitoring was provided. As to education compliance, the grantees were very much complied with the attendance requirement of the program since there is an increase in the enrollment rate of children and consistent attendance rate of higher than 85% per year. In line with the findings of the study, the objectives of Pantawid Pamilya Program in Tabuk City, Kalinga were very much attained because most grantees are very much compliant with all the conditionalities/conditions of the program. Also, successful outcome of the program is observable despite the less serious problems encountered in its implementation. https://ijels.com/detail/assessment-on-the-outcome-of-the-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-in-tabuk-city-kalinga/ Jane Chad-en B. Busaing https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/75IJELS-112202041-Assessmenton.pdf The descriptive survey method was employed and used a set of a questionnaire in gathering needed data in the study. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents who contributed to the study were males, the majority were college level, and the majority were within the age group 41–50. The majority of the respondents claimed that they had enough knowledge of hazards and disasters imparted to them by the concern of non-government organizations and government organizations at the barangay hall, school, and media. Thus, from the findings, respondents were aware and given knowledge on disaster preparedness they acquired at barangay and school through seminars, pieces of training, and drills they participated in. The results of the findings are very much appreciated the best practices to enhance the disaster preparedness of the residents of Tabuk City: 1. Residents should religiously apply what they have learned from the pieces of training and simulations imparted to them by the governments and non-government organizations. 2. Disaster preparedness practices of the residents of Tabuk City should be followed by other residents. https://ijels.com/detail/disaster-preparedness-of-the-residents-of-tabuk-city-an-assessment/ Jovy C. Ao-wat, Florentina B. Carbonel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/76IJELS-112202043-Disaster.pdf E-learning is the term given to a method of schooling and learning environment in which students and teachers, or others interested in the exchanging of knowledge, do not interact physically but are separated by time, space, or both. The distance is bridged with the help of communication technology, including the Internet and emergent educational technologies. This study focused on the effectiveness of E-learning technologies on the performance of CSS (Computer Systems Servicing) Students of TESDA accredited training centers in Kalinga Province, Philippines. A quasi-experimental design or the pre-test – post-test equivalent groups design was used to determined E-learning technology's effectiveness in the teaching-learning process. The researcher used moodle platform in conducting online training. It was found out that e-learning is more effective in the learning process than the traditional method. This is supported by the experimental and control group's computed mean score, which is 31.38 and 22.67 respectively. This is similar to the findings of Novo-Corti, Varela-Candamio, and Ramil-Diaz (2013) that there is an increase in students' performance (grades and qualifications) when using the hybrid technology of e-learning. https://ijels.com/detail/effectiveness-of-e-learning-technology-on-the-performance-of-the-css-nc-ii-trainees-computer-systems-servicing-of-tesda-accredited-training-centers-in-tesda-kalinga/ Ronald U. Wacas https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/77IJELS-112202044-Effectiveness.pdf The study focuses on the graduate students' acceptability and readiness to Open Distance Education offered by Kalinga State University. The study found that the participants moderately accepted and is much familiar with the technologies commonly used in ODL. Also, it was found that there is a positive correlation between familiarity with technology and the acceptance of distance education and its constructs. However, the identified problems in offering ODL are much serious. Hence, if distance education is promoted, the University may need to improve students’ perception of online education by educating them about its advantages, disadvantages, and requirements for success. Because the students currently hold that distance education does not improve one’s reputation, it may be more useful to have campaigns with alumni or students that are known, respected, and successful. If an image is indeed one of the critical factors in the Kalinga culture, having testimonials from well-respected individuals may increase students' acceptance. Moreover, the University will need to invest in proper technological training and support, especially for online collaborative tools with which students are unfamiliar. The university has to equip computer labs with sufficient computers and reliable Internet for students who do not own computers at home. https://ijels.com/detail/graduate-students-acceptance-and-readiness-for-open-distance-education-in-kalinga-state-university/ Jessie Grace M. Sannadan, Marilou B. Adora, Pinky Larcelle D. Lang-ay https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/78IJELS-112202045-Graduate.pdf Quality care throughout pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum period inclined the chances to decrease maternal mortality and morbidity rate mostly for women with complex needs. Midwives often required doing as an obstetrician, nurse and administrator meeting the needs of the pregnant women. The care of mother receives during pregnancy, intrapartum and early postnatal period plays a vital role in safeguarding women remain to be healthy and well-nourished through rendering good obstetrical services with a skilled and competent midwife. The research aimed to study the level of satisfaction of mothers on the health services provided by Midwives in the different Birthing Centers in Tabuk City A descriptive research design was used in the study. Frequency and percentage were applied in summarizing the profile variables of the respondents. Moreover, ANOVA and Chi square were used on the relationship of clients on the level of the satisfaction when grouped according to their profile variables. With the analysis of findings of this study it was concluded that there were significant differences on the level of satisfaction of mothers in terms of maternal health services on postnatal when grouped according to ethnic origin. https://ijels.com/detail/level-of-satisfaction-of-mothers-on-the-health-services-provided-by-midwives-in-the-different-birthing-centers-in-tabuk-city/ Nellie Valera Apatas https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/79IJELS-112202046-Levelof.pdf The present proposal is an account of the lives of two men who were scholars and thinkers at the same time. I do not think that a man is entitled to such titles only on the strength of his position and fame in his own age, unless in addition he played so important and significant a role in history that he remains an element to be reckoned with in understanding the continuing evolution of a particular people or humanity in general. Max Mueller’s position was very impressive in its geographical range, extending from the United States to Japan. When he died, a message came from an Indian Social reformer, Malabari, “All India mourns with you” and that embodied the feelings of all educated Indians. Similarly, Sri Aurobindo was not just a poet or a singer of songs, he was as well a dramatist, a critic and a thinker of great distinction. He is remembered in modern times, more as a great philosopher than as an artist. Sri Aurobindo was a highly educated person, he was a great scholar of such classical languages as Latin and Greek. It is in respect of his scholarship and poetic craftsmanship that he is often compared with John Milton. In the present paper, I plan to explore the mystery and suggestive quality of both these writers which stand for the betterment of human race. And I also propose the techniques by which they have opened the gate of spirituality for everyone. I really appreciate their scholarships that would be exemplary for the contemporary world and for the coming generation. https://ijels.com/detail/reflection-of-spiritualism-an-interpretation-of-vedanta-by-max-mueller-and-aurobindo/ Dr. Suprita Jha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/80aurobindo the saint.pdf This study was conducted to assess male midwives' performance in the different hospitals and clinics in Kalinga. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study because only male midwives, a graduate of a two-year diploma course of midwifery, registered and employed in the six health care facilities in Kalinga were the respondents. Predisposing factors such as demographic profiles, including the respondent's Age, Civil Status, Employment Status, Length of Service, Number of Training, Hospital or Clinic Affiliation, and Classification, were considered the use of a Close and Open-Ended Questionnaire. From the results gathered, the respondents show that their performances were excellently on the five categories, which include Ante-natal care, Intra-natal care, Post-natal care, Immunization, and Family planning. Likewise, the nine factors enumerated in the study could not affect delivering quality maternal and child care. Therefore, it is recommended that the government, the health administrators, should work jointly to create harmonious healthcare provider-patient relationship for better health and healthy babies. https://ijels.com/detail/performance-of-male-midwives-in-the-different-hospitals-and-clinics-in-kalinga/ Isaiah G. Patong https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/81IJELS-112202048-Performance.pdf This study focused on assessing the physisco-chemical properties of Gamu used in Kalinga basi/ bayas production. Specifically, this study covers the ethnobotanical profile of the binuwa tree. The fruit of the binuwa tree is the gamu used as yeast to ferment in the production of bayas. Some of the chemical components of this fruit are also analyzed in this study. The physical and chemical characteristic of the bayas was also studied. This study's ultimate goal was to assess the physicochemical properties of gamu fruit used in basi/bayas production. Phytochemical analysis was used to get data on the chemical properties of the gamu and bayas. Survey methods and photo-documentation were applied to gather data on the physical characteristics of the local wines. The study found out that the binuwa tree is naturally grown in thick forests in the province and that its dried fruit, which is the gamu, is used as a starter to ferment basi/bayas. This fruit contains flavonoids and tannins responsible for antimicrobial activity and astringency of the wine, respectively. The basi/bayas have an alcohol content of 9.79%v/v, Reducing Sugars 4.7%w/w, pH of 3 – 4, and a total acid of 0.64g/100g of bayas. With these findings, it is recommended that interventions be done to assess the proper propagation of gamu to increase its supply. https://ijels.com/detail/physicochemical-properties-of-macaranga-gamu-used-in-kalinga-basi-bayas-production/ Divina Alunday – Balocnit https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/82IJELS-112202050-Physicochemical.pdf Enterprise Resource Planning System is considered a vital organizational tool that integrates various organizational systems and facilitates error-free transactions and production. ERP packages, if chosen correctly, implemented judiciously, and used efficiently, can raise productivity and profits dramatically. The market for ERP systems is very competitive. The SAP SD module is one of the prime ERP modules produced by SAP. SAP Sales and distribution deals with better control of sales and consumer distribution data and processes in companies. It works closely towards functional process work with other SAP modules. Kalinga State University is among the universities that never stop recognizing innovations to develop services for its clientele. With the benefits above of integrating an SD module in a Higher Education Institution, this study was conducted to help the University internalize the possible solutions in achieving the best sales and distribution services that cater to all its constituent needs. Furthermore, an evaluation of the University's sales and distribution conducted suggests that the University needs the implementation of such a module. https://ijels.com/detail/process-configuration-plan-of-sales-and-distribution-for-kalinga-state-university/ Mathew Jun P. Mariani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/83IJELS-112202051-Process.pdf In an age of pervasive machine presence, the existence of Information and Communication Technology is embedded in this fact (ICT). The academic community today is conscious of the benefits of ICT, too. This is not only from the point of view of education and research activities, but also from the point of view of industry, which uses ICT to support other business functions, such as administrative, operational, human resources, accounting, etc. The module SAP Human Resources Management (HRM) improves the work process and data management within the enterprise HR department. Using this module, the right to employ an individual to assess one's performance, administer promotions, rewards, handle payroll, and other related HR activities is processed. This SAP ERP HRM module is used to handle the task of managing the information and task flow of the most valuable resource, i.e. human resources. The purpose of this research was to establish a plan for the configuration of human resources for the implementation of the Kalinga State University ERP system. https://ijels.com/detail/recruitment-and-hiring-process-configuration-plan-for-kalinga-state-university/ Jayhan C. Sarne https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/84IJELS-112202052-Recruitment.pdf This study looked into the training/seminar needs of the human resources or Kalinga State University employees. Data were collected from the one hundred ninety-five (195) employees who represented the university's three campuses: the Bulanao Campus/ the main campus, the Dagupan Campus, and the Rizal Campus. The study made use of frequency and ranking. It was found that there are various needs of the teaching group and non-teaching staff. Their needs varied since they have different functions. However, there are needs identified which are the same though at a different level. It is an indication that they, both groups of respondents, need training/seminars for updates and performance improvement. Finally, these identified training needs were used to prepare the design for future implementation, which is expected to improve employees' performance that will level up the university's status. https://ijels.com/detail/the-kalinga-state-university-human-resources-training-needs-an-analysis/ Marilou B. Adora, Jessie Grace M. Sannadan, Jovita E. Saguibo, Maria Cyrila C. Bawer https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/85IJELS-112202053-TheKalinga.pdf The descriptive research looked into the multiple intelligences strategies in teaching Araling Panlipunan among public secondary schools in the City Division of Tabuk, Kalinga. Specifically, it sought responses on the extent of use of multiple intelligences strategies, the level of effectiveness on the use of multiple intelligences strategies, and the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in using multiple intelligences strategies in teaching Araling Panlipunan. The data needed were gathered through a questionnaire administered to forty (40) Araling Panlipunan teachers within the City Division of Tabuk, Kalinga. The data were quantified through a three-point scale. The weighted mean was used to determine the statistical meaning of the responses and the One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) also used to determine the significant differences along variables. It was found that the extent of use of multiple intelligences strategies by Araling Panlipunan teachers is moderate; the use of multiple intelligences strategies is moderately effective; and that the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in using multiple intelligences moderately serious. It was recommended that the Araling Panlipunan teachers should find time to upgrade themselves professionally by going to master’s or doctorate degree not only by themselves but primarily for their learners especially on how to develop good study habits and improve comprehension abilities of the learners, they should be given special trainings and workshops especially on how to properly identify the intelligences of each students and on how to go about applying differentiated instruction in teaching their lessons, and The Department of Education and school should strengthen more their ties between the parents and the community so that parents would be involved in the learning journey of their children. https://ijels.com/detail/multiple-intelligences-strategies-in-teaching-araling-panlipunan-among-public-secondary-schools-in-the-city-division-of-tabuk-kalinga/ Venus F. Baliling https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/86IJELS-101202129-Multiple.pdf The study determined the soil infiltration rate of crop production area of Kalinga State University, Tabuk City, Kalinga. Field testing at three different locations of the production area was performed using double ring infiltrometer having a diameter of 24 in and 12 in for the outer ring and inner ring respectively. The soil was characterize as clayey. Three infiltration models: Hortons, Kostiakov and Philips were used to simulate infiltration rates and compared with actual field measurements. Result showed that the infiltration rate models in KSU were i=239.5t^0.072,i=S〖383.7t〗^(-1/2)-137.5tandi=0.9525t+51.58(1-e^1.3423t) for Philips, Lewis Kostiakov and Hortons. Across models, statistical analysis showed that, the model and observed values having an NSE of 0.59, 0.63 and 0.73 for Philip, Lewis Kostiakov and Hortons models. It demonstrated that the models generated is in agreement with the actual field experiments and can be used for characterizing soil infiltration rate. https://ijels.com/detail/analysis-of-infiltration-rate-in-kalinga-state-university-ksu-using-mathematical-models/ Gerlie S. Tolentino, Rafael J. Padre, Maria S Ramac, Pomy A. Viloria https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/87IJELS-101202141-Analysisof.pdf Bullying was undoubtedly one of the challenging problems faced by schools and even communities worldwide because of its adverse effect to the victim and also to the bully. This study assessed the compliance of the stakeholders of elementary schools of Tabuk City to their roles and responsibilities stipulated in the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Anti – Bullying Act of 2013. Also, it presented the anti – bullying programs adopted and crafted by schools and their effectiveness in diminishing bullying incidents in schools. A structured survey questionnaire was utilized to solicit responses to the problems. The recommendations made encourage the collaborative efforts of the Department of Education and stakeholders to prevent and stop bullying in schools. The administrators, principals, or school heads of the elementary schools in the city have complied with the 11 main responsibilities mandated in implementing the RA 1062. In addressing bullying in schools approaches are classified as preventive and responsive. The schools practiced the inclusion of topics on bullying in the different subject areas. Home visitation is also one of the roles of the school. Therefore, it recommended that there should be establishment of monitoring and evaluation tools to closely monitor the stakeholders on their roles. There should also be formulation of student alliances to empower anti-bullying program. Allocation of budget is also needed and schools may consider going over the mechanics of Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBBP). https://ijels.com/detail/anti-bullying-programs-in-review/ Irene M. Daguasi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/88IJELS-112202059-Anti.pdf The study analyzed the errors committed by the grade 8 students when working with the operations of Algebraic Expressions at KSU - LHS for SY (2018-2019). The study used the qualitative descriptive type research method which consisted of 135 students. The data were gathered through a series of tests and were properly analyzed. The common errors committed by the respondents when working with algebraic expressions were improper combination of terms, improper distribution, and cancellation, removing symbols of inclusions and sign errors. The students commonly commit errors on the following operations: Division, Addition and Subtraction and Multiplication. When working on algebraic expressions, the respondents find improper combining of similar terms and improper distribution as the most difficult and sign errors as the least. The students recognized division as the most difficult operation to handle when manipulating algebraic expressions. Adjacent to division are subtraction and addition respectively. The students consider multiplication as the easiest operation to perform when dealing with algebraic expressions. Thus, homework should be given to students to supplement and extend learning from the classroom to their home. Motivations should be given to students to utilize the library as an extension of the classroom. Mathematics teachers must develop the habit of giving a diagnostic test before a topic to determine the weak points of the students. https://ijels.com/detail/error-analysis-in-the-operations-of-algebraic-expressions-of-grade-8-students-at-kalinga-state-university-laboratory-high-school/ Genalyn A. Ferrer https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/89IJELS-112202060-Error.pdf This study was conducted to determine the lechon data recovery of the YOOKAH native pigs of KSU Native Pig R&D Project. This study is part of data gathering tool of the on-going Native Pig R&D Program entitled “Conservation, Improvement and Profitable Utilization of the Phil. Native Pigs”, funded by DOST-PCAARRD. Morphometric measurements of the thirty three (33) lechon animals weighing 15-20 kg were gathered and recorded, of which are 18 castrated males and 15 females. Data gathering covered a period of three (3) years from June 2015 to July 2018. Data gathering was done during the pre-slaughter at the KSU native pig station, post-slaughter and lechon data were taken at Daliyong’s lechonan. The researchers only used one lechonan to maintain the consistency of the procedure during the slaughter, evisceration and pit roasting. A tape measure and digital weighing scale was used during the data gathering. The total shrinkage of head length from live to lechon is recorded at 3.22 cm, the body length is recorded at 6.54 cm and the heart girth was recorded at 8.91 cm. The total shrinkage in body weight is recoded at 49.7% or a total of 8.98 kilograms. Most of the loss occurred during the evisceration process, the loss occurred during the pit roasting is due to the loss of water from the carcass of the animal. Leaner animals such as native pigs have leaner body with less fat thus loss during the roasting procedure is lesser. Recommendation for further studies should focus on the comparison between the morphometric measurements and organoleptic comparison between the native pig lechon and commercial lechon to support these findings. https://ijels.com/detail/lechon-data-recovery-of-the-yookah-native-pigs-of-ksu-native-pig-r-d-project/ Sharmaine D. Codiam, Mark Stephen S. Ballog, Chester N. Dongga-as, Marcelino G. Saliw-an, Jerwin O. Aquino, Lito S. Binsay Christian Betao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/90IJELS-112202061-Lechon.pdf The study analyzed the demand and consumption pattern of commercial drinking water in 4 barangays of Tabuk city namely; Dagupan, Dagpan Centro, Bulanao, and Bulanao Norte from April 2018 to August 2018. Five hundred thirty seven (537) households and fifty (50) from the business sector were the respondents. Qualitative and Quantitative data were gathered from the respondents through the use of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tool specifically Pearson-Product-Moment Correlation is the tool in determining the significant correlation between demand and consumption pattern of commercial drinking water and the motivational factors affecting consumption was used. . It was found out that majority of the household respondents consumed commercial drinking water anytime after food intake that includes meals and snacks either at home or at work and frequency of use was based on weather conditions; this pattern accounts for a high demand of commercial drinking water. Advertisement was the major source of information about commercial drinking water followed by parent’s friends and environmental science seminars. Commercial drinking water operators and suppliers employed marketing strategies and production strategies. Arranged delivery schedule, market information, local penetration and media advertisement which is described as relationship marketing or transactional marketing. The operators further noted training of workers, transparent production and quality control in the production process. https://ijels.com/detail/demand-and-consumption-pattern-analysis-of-commercial-drinking-water-among-selected-barangays-of-tabuk-city/ Jovita E. Saguibo, Eduardo T. Bagtang, Marilou B. Adora https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/91IJELS-101202128-Demand.pdf The research is conducted to measure the level of awareness on the Procurement Law RA9184 and its IRR by the Provincial Government of Kalinga by seeking to determine the level of awareness on the provision of R.A. 9184 and its IRR as perceived by the two groups of respondents. The researcher used the descriptive survey type of research to gather the data. The instrument was lifted from the 2014 Extent of Implementation of Government Procurement Reform Act of 2003(R.A.9184) and its IRR in state colleges in the Cordillera Administrative Region by John John Venus and form the “Online Procurement Performance and Compliance Indicators System”. Weighted Mean and Ranking is used to determine the obtain level of awareness on the policies and provisions of R.A 9184 and its IRR. The results Showed that the respondents are very much aware on all areas of the provision of R.A. 9184 and its IRR. The respondents have the highest level of awareness on Procurement by Electronic Means and lowest mean level of awareness on Preparation of Bid Documents. It is then the researcher’s recommendation to reinforce the knowledge of the respondents in the provision of R.A. 9184 and its IRR. Researches should also conduct the respondents’ best practices for it to serve as basis for other procuring entities in the Province of Kalinga. https://ijels.com/detail/level-of-awareness-on-the-procurement-law-ra9184-and-its-irr-by-the-provincial-government-of-kalinga-employees/ Juan Moshe M. Duyan, John John C. Venus, Karen Razelle M. Duyan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/92IJELS-101202130-Levelof.pdf Social Networking Sites (SNS), such as Facebook, have been attracting so many users worldwide by offering virtual communications to its users. Thus, the study examined if loneliness and anxiousness would predict Facebook use among college students. A survey of 365 participants who are active Facebook users was conducted at Kalinga State University. The study examined the predictor variables: loneliness and anxiousness in relation to the Facebook Intensity Scale (Ellison et al. 2007). The two predictor variables were examined using a linear regression model and results showed that college students have moderate levels of loneliness, anxiousness and Facebook use. Furthermore, loneliness has a weak positive relationship with Facebook use while anxiousness has no relationship with Facebook use. Lastly, it was also found that loneliness contributes to Facebook use among college students. The study adds to the increasing body of literature investigating why individuals develop an emotional attachment to Facebook and the precursors of why people are drawn to connect in Facebook. https://ijels.com/detail/loneliness-and-anxiousness-as-predictors-of-facebook-use-among-college-students/ Aleli M. Langgaman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/93IJELS-101202131-Loneliness.pdf This study focused on the On-The-Job-Training(OJT) of KSU Students at the AgroStudies International Centre for Agricultural Studies in Israel. The study aimed to determine the level of attainment of the objectives of the On-The-Job-Training program in partnership with Agro-studies as well as the factors affecting the level of attainment of these objectives. Problems encountered by the student interns during the OJT in Israel were identified too. The structured questionnaires were used for data gathering. The respondents were students from the Kalinga State University at the same time alumni of Israel AgroStudies. The findings showed that there were more males than females and the Bachelor of Science in Agriculture had the greatest number compared to other Agriculture related programs. It was found out that the objectives of the On-The-Job-Training program in partnership with Agro-studies was much attained. Moreover, the factors cited moderately affected the attainment of these objectives. There were problems encountered by the interns during their internship but were dealt with. https://ijels.com/detail/on-the-job-training-ojt-of-ksu-students-at-the-agro-studies-international-centre-for-agricultural-studies-in-israel-an-assessment/ Esmerlyn P. Bayangan, Paulino P. Reyes II, Joy Grace P. Doctor https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/94IJELS-101202137-On-The.pdf This study aims to provide the best practices of center of excellence professors in managing behavior in large classes. The study specifically explored and investigated the effectiveness of teaching strategies that alleviate the negative impact of large classes in classroom management; thus, university students were also invited to partake in the study. The study involved twelve teachers/key informants from Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Information Technology, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Department of Computer Programming. There were three key informants in each department. All key informants are from Kalinga State University, Tabuk City, Philippines. Secondary key informants involved twelve students; one student in each of the classes of the teacher informants. This qualitative research utilized a non-random purposive sampling technique from a total of twelve key informants. Data was gathered thru an audio recorded interactive interview with questions encompassing large class size, classroom behavior, and effective classroom management. Consistent and regular behaviour monitoring, Organized lesson delivery, Effective class organization and communication (COE) is seen in both teachers’ classroom management strategies of student classroom behavior and student motivation. Despite the adverse effects of large class size, these center of excellence professors chose to employ the most effective classroom management strategies to alleviate student behavioral challenges in a classroom for optimal learning and efficient teaching. https://ijels.com/detail/managing-behaviour-in-large-classes-ceit-faculty-best-practices/ Erica Vane R. Balcanao-Buco, Vida V. Gunnawa, Matthew Jun P. Mariani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/95IJELS-101202138-Managing.pdf This study was conducted to understand the circumstances that led to the Ilocanos migrating to Tabuk, Kalinga and the challenges they faced as they transferred residence. It also aimed to explain the different processes of integration that the Ilocanos have undergone to be in good relationship with the Kalingas. Participants of the study included 20 Ilocano migrants aged 50 and above and are permanent residents of Tabuk who know how to speak in Ilocano and Filipino. Interview was the primary method used in gathering data for the study. An interview guide was used as a basis for questioning while note-taking was done by the researcher to document the information supplied by the participants. All conversations were also recorded through a tape recorder. Secondary resources such as researches, books and articles were used to further explain the results of the study. Results of the study revealed that Ilocanos migrated to Tabuk because they are looking for a piece of land which they can convert into a farm, a venue for trade and a job or an employment. Also, some of them went to Kalinga to fulfill their profession, to move out of their old residence which seemed dangerous, and to share the Word of God to the residents of Tabuk. However, Ilocanos faced a lot of challenges after migrating. They experienced financial difficulties, problems in relation to bodong, fear of Kalingas due to political conflicts, land grabbing, health problems, tribal wars, and differences in beliefs and religion. Considering the results of the study, it is recommended that this research will be a basis of the government of Tabuk as they create programs that involve Ilocano migrants and as they review the implementation of bodong in their locale. A broader study may be conducted to evaluate the contribution of the Ilocanos to the different groups and societies in the Philippines. This could also serve as an additional reference in studies related to migration and Philippine societies. https://ijels.com/detail/the-ilocanos-in-tabuk-city-kalinga-a-study-on-their-migration/ Janette P. Calimag https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/96IJELS-112202063-TheIlocanos.pdf Anguage plays a great role in determining one’s own identity and origin. Through language, people are able to communicate information to one another. One can also learn to identify skills needed to be honed and cultivated by the use of a language. The researchers intended to respond to the following: assess and compare Selected Cultural Words with variations in pronunciation of the Biga, Tongrayan, and Limos groups according to the types of stress; recognize different variations of pronunciation with other languages; and put into practice the different variations of their language as part of their identity and culture. The Biga Groups, Tongrayan, and Limos have been selected by the researchers to study and used descriptive-analytical or visual techniques that are subject to structural and sociolinguistic design. Based on the result of the study, it is evident that the three groups of Biga, Tongrayan, and Limos are rich in expressions or terms. Different tone and emphasis have not been a barrier in order for the three groups to understand one another. It was also proven that the variation of their language is rapidly evolving. However, the unique pronunciation of each group is being preserved. There are also the same words which they use in their culture which were pronounced and stressed differently among the three groups. These words also carry different meanings that distinguish their identity or group. https://ijels.com/detail/variation-of-pronouncing-cultural-words-of-biga-tongrayan-and-limos-groups-in-kalinga-philippines/ Gian Karla M. Rodriguez, Aida P. Cawili, Emalyn B. Puyoc https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/97IJELS-112202058-Variation.pdf The study analyzed the language cognitive strategies found in learner diaries of college freshman students of Kalinga State University (KSU). Specifically, it determined the cognitive strategies employed by the learners in writing their diaries. The diary of each student was used to elicit the different cognitive strategies employed by the students. The cognitive strategies were classified based on the model of Richard (1975). The data gathered were identified, analyzed, and interpreted using the qualitative- descriptive method. It was found out that: (1) errors committed by the students are intralingual or developmental errors caused by the structure of the second or target language; (2)the students utilized varied cognitive strategies such as overgeneralization, ignorance of rule restriction, incomplete application of rules and false concepts hypothesized in their diaries; and (3) the errors committed by the students were not all influenced by the first language but by the complexity of the target language itself. Thus,(1) errors are considered inevitable in second language learning; the commission of errors is indicative of the interlanguage status of student; and (2) errors are developmental which can be overcome as the students reach a higher interlanguage stage of learning a second language. https://ijels.com/detail/language-cognitive-strategy-analysis-in-learner-diaries-of-college-freshman-students-in-kalinga-state-university-philippines/ Dr. Sheila Fesway-Malao, Brenda Banggawan Lumines https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/98IJELS-112202062-Language.pdf With its diverse culture, customs, religions, beliefs, and faith, India stands out as the world's largest democracy, guaranteeing its citizens' fundamental rights to equality and opportunity, as well as the freedom of speech and expression, their right to practise their religion, and their right to a free and appropriate education through its very constitution. Our constitution's equality clause (articles 14 and 15) prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. The right to life and personal liberty is guaranteed by Article 21 of the constitution, which is the most important justification for repealing the antiquated Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, which had outlawed homosexuality since the 19th century. The basic rights protected by our constitution's articles 14, 19, and 21 were breached by Section 377 of the IPC. Even though it wasn't that early, on September 6, 2018, the Supreme Court issued a landmark decision by overturning and finally ending the prohibition of section 377 in India. Even gays have the same right to privacy and to live with dignity in society as do heterosexuals. The historical ruling allowed homosexuals in India to be accepted as natural persons and to enjoy the freedom to live and love as they choose.The topic of homosexuality was forbidden for a very long time, but only after this ruling did Indians begin to talk more openly about it in public. The Indian population is becoming more aware of homosexuality, which is assisting in coping with, adjusting to, and accepting homosexuals into an inclusive society. However, prejudice and other negative attitudes toward homosexuals are present due to various cultures and lifestyles incorporated into most religions, which causes conflict in the community. The stigmatised traditional social constructs, authoritarian parents with homophobic beliefs, and the vast majority of people who lack knowledge and understanding of sex and gender studies can all contribute to homophobia. The purpose of the study is to determine how Indians feel about homosexuals in the present. It seeks to uncover peoples' knowledge and comprehension of homosexuality and to examine their covert homophobia. An online cross-sectional survey using the questionnaire approach served as the study's foundation. The need to comprehend, recognise, and articulate the issues in-depth was brought into effect, and the snowball sampling method was developed with questions relating to sex education, knowledge of homosexuality, attitude toward homosexuality, and relevant details to study and analyse the perception and views of the Indian Society regarding homosexuals. Googleforms was used to get the information. The participants' awareness of homosexuality was fair and positive. They proclaimed support for and positivity toward homosexuals. According to the study, the adult and adolescent populations (between the ages of 18 and 35) made up the majority of the survey's participants. Most of the respondents were members of the educated class who are Indian university graduates. The findings showed that while the participants were well aware that gays exist and that societal acceptance of them is pluralistic and equally just, fair, and valid, personal and cultural homophobia nonetheless persisted in them. The problems won't disappear overnight. They are the result of long-standing stigma. We must let go of our naivety, dismantle conventional homophobic notions, embrace reality, and work for a more equitable, libertarian, and just society if we want to live in one. To help with their inclusion in society, practical advice like effective parenting and a friendly attitude toward gays should be put into practise. Prioritize taking measures to incorporate "gender and sex education" into the curriculum so that kids are taught about it from the start and develop a universal acceptance of homosexuals as a normal part of society. Expanded understanding and awareness of the issues facing gays should be promoted through workshops, seminars, webinars, and other forums. To accelerate the revolution in the rights and freedoms of homosexuals, information must be made available to the general population. Although there is a long battle ahead, it is not insurmountable. Everyone has a right to article 21 under the Indian constitution, regardless of gender. The homo community deserves to live in a just, equitable, and respectable society. In order to proudly live in a free and brave India, they must be accepted wholeheartedly. https://ijels.com/detail/homosexuality-and-prevalence-of-stigma-in-indian-milieu/ Madan Mohan Laddunuri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/99IJELS-112202086-Homosexuality.pdf This research paper identify the growth barriers at different stages in the food supply chain. A comprehensive literature study covered three supply chain tiers that is- the farm level, the distribution level, and the consumer level. In addition, the barriers are focused and prioritised also their relative relevance is highlighted. The results show that the primary barriers to IFPS expansion are rain-dependent farming, the high cost of cold chain facilities, Lack of Modern Infrastructure, and the inconsistent and low-quality processed food. https://ijels.com/detail/agriculture-processing-and-its-barriers-to-growth-in-indian-context/ Pooja Choudhary, Sunita Chhaba https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/100-IJELS-110202087-Agriculture.pdf