https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usOctober 6 Increased intellectual interest in the body at the level of lived experience has heightened awareness of bodies as vulnerable entities with the potential to sicken and suffer. Examining the body through artistic responses to the AIDS crisis gives a glimpse of the tensions and connections between the conceptual -theoretical body and the material-lived body for AIDS crisis underscores the embodied experience of reality and is therefore subversive of its constructions in discourses power relations. Corporeal representations of AIDS (disease) in literary fiction tends to problematize this social construction as texts engage in exposing inherent fallacies and stereotypes prevalent in social political and economic milieu of the texts through articulating the existential tensions concomitant with the illness. This papers sets out to analyze the mediation of existential disruption by characters in the two novels under study. Through Foucaultian concept of the care of the self and de Certeau’s heterological thinking, the paper advances the thesis that Carolyne Adalla’s Confessions of AIDS Victim and Wahome Mutahi’s The House of Doom provide spaces for the diseased subjects to pursue a quest for existential meaning to transcend the disruption and meaningless wrought on their lives by AIDS. https://ijels.com/detail/negotiating-disruption-in-carolyne-adalla-s-confessions-of-aids-victim-and-wahome-mutahi-s-the-house-of-doom/ Japheth Peter Muindu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-108202040-Negotiating.pdf Farming is a game of chance, and because we do not know what will happen tomorrow, we never knew when the calamities will occur. On the brighter side, the Philippine government has its agency that will protect and will ease the problem of many farmers by getting crop insurance, this is the Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation. This study focused primarily on the literacy on crop insurance of the farmers in Licab, Nueva Ecija. The descriptive method of research was used which involved description, interview, recording, analysis, and interpretation of condition that presently exist in one hundred (100) respondents from different barangay of Licab, Nueva Ecija who answered the interview and questionnaires given by the researcher. After all the pertinent data was collected, the researcher discovered and conclude that only 43% of the respondents have an idea about crop insurance and some of this figure were policyholders. One of the reasons why they do not get the service of PCIC is because, although they want to have it, they do not have enough budget for it and they need more information for them to be literate about this type of insurance. The researcher recommends having seminars for information dissemination to boost the literacy of the farmers in the area and to increase the policyholders of Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation. https://ijels.com/detail/literacy-on-crop-insurance-of-the-farmers-in-licab-nueva-ecija-philippines/ Alvin Gino M. Bautista https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-108202049-Literacy.pdf The study of the inexplicable bond between the nature and human is analyzed in literature by new terminology -“Eco criticism’’. Eco-critical theory emphasizes the significance of not just the human beings but also the physical environment as represented in literature. In 21st century the theory of eco-criticism displays a growing awareness of environmental issues. At present, environmental degradation has emerged as a major global concern for humanity. Global warming coupled with carbon emission is one of the reasons for environmental degradation. If the adverse impact of ecological degradation is not checked immediately our modern civilization will collapsed. Jnanpith award winner Amitav Ghosh in his novel The Hungry Tide writes about nature, people and environmental problems along with the climate change in the tidal area of the Sundarbans. That’s why I have selected The Hungry Tide as my case study to explore the bond between man and nature. This paper will show how nature is being affected by human activities due to lack of awareness about the conservation of nature. How nature and human beings have been depicted in The Hungry Tide - as protector or as destroyer to each other? At the same time, I have attempted to point out what is the role of human being towards nature in maintaining harmony between man and nature, survival of humanity and conservation of nature in the era of globalization. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-the-bond-between-man-and-nature-in-amitav-ghosh-s-the-hungry-tide/ Swagatalakshmi Basu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-108202060-Exploring.pdf Pulmonary Tuberculosis is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Community participation is needed to control pulmonary tuberculosis through community-based surveillance. Community-based surveillance is based on fast and accurate information expected to come from the community, including case incidence (case finding), description of risk factors. Community-based surveillance has not been optimal in managing pulmonary TB data in the city of Semarang, especially in the search for pulmonary TB suspects. The unavailability of data on pulmonary TB cases that were found and referred to by the community or community organizations illustrates the lack of contribution from the community in finding and referring pulmonary TB cases.In connection with this, a community-based pulmonary TB surveillance information system is needed to help control pulmonary TB tracking. This study aims to develop a community-based pulmonary TB surveillance information system that produces complete, accurate, easily accessible, and timely information. This research is action research using a qualitative approach to help analyze problems and user needs. The development of information systems uses the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) development methodology that includes the stages of planning, system analysis, system design, and system implementation. System testing using Black Box Testing and evaluation of information system acceptance using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) method, involving 34 respondents consisting of cadres and managers of the Public health center for Pulmonary TB program, and the Public Health Office. Black Box Testing shows the system's actions and responses were done well following the system's objectives. The results showed that most respondents gave a high assessment of the existence of benefits (31.48), ease of use (32.13), willingness to use (31.52), and interest in using (31.92). Recommend to the Public Health Office and Public health center the use and implementation of a community-based pulmonary TB surveillance information system in surveillance activities for pulmonary TB in Semarang City. https://ijels.com/detail/community-based-surveillance-information-system-for-pulmonary-tuberculosis-pulmonary-tb/ Farida Hastuti Rahmasari, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli, Kusworo Adi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-108202051-Community.pdf Rehman Rahi and Eliot, the two giants of Kashmiri poetry and English poetry, respectively, have dealt with the concept of modernism and modern man. Rehman Rahi and T.S. Eliot have extensively drawn on the theme of modernization and modern man in their poems, “Suon Gaam” (Our Village) and “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, respectively. The poets while working independently on the portrayal of the theme have excellently toyed with the senses of the readers whilst appealing the sense of imagination the most in trying to bring forth the problems of Modernization. This paper is concerned with the depiction of modern man and Modernism in these poems, the disillusionment of man, his concerns, his social status, his feelings of being a ‘Nobody’ and towards the end of his journey through the tracks of modernity, his appeal to people to return to faith and tradition. The paper also focuses on drawing out the similarities between the two poems. https://ijels.com/detail/modern-man-and-modernism-as-depicted-in-rehman-rahi-s-suon-gaam-and-eliot-s-the-love-song-of-j-alfred-prufrock-drawing-out-the-similarities-between-the-two-poems/ Aarizoo Majeed https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-108202059-Modernman.pdf This study aims to determine the implementation of the design thinking learning model in entrepreneurship education, especially in marketing media competencies. The experimental method was used in this study with 120 vocational school students in Surakarta as research objects. The data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to students. The data is processed using SPSS Statistics 23 application. The results of N-Gain shows that students' creativity and entrepreneurial alertness in the experimental class has increased after receiving entrepreneurship education with Stanford D School's design thinking model. In the category of high creativity has increased by 7% while in the category of high entrepreneurial alertness has increased by 10%. https://ijels.com/detail/the-implementation-of-design-thinking-models-on-the-entrepreneurship-learning-in-vocational-schools/ Laurensia Claudia Pratomo, Siswandari, Dewi Kusuma Wardani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-108202046-TheImplementation.pdf This paper focuses on unveiling and lime lighting the richness of Karimganj, an administrative district of Assam. There has been lot of researches done and piled on the beauty of Assam but one thing which is majorly missing in them is the rich and latent Sylheti culture. We often confuse these terms like Sylheti, Punjabi, and Bengali with the identity of origin. To clarify on this, I have tried to explain that this terminology of Sylheti means those people who belong to Sylheti culture and not the only ones who are right now living in Sylhet (a part of Bangladesh). We often confuse cultural identity with geographical one. https://ijels.com/detail/unveiling-the-picturesqueness-of-karimganj/ Vaishali Anand https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-10920204-Unveiling.pdf This paper combs through the translation and dissemination forms of Chu Ci in Europe from the perspective of time. Before the twentieth century is the early stage and its major dissemination form develops from reference translation to systemic one. Representative works of this stage includes the translation of Pfizmaier and Denys. The modern stage is divided by the first half of the twentieth century and Chu Ci began to treated as an subject in European Universities. Research perspectives on Chu Ci started to expand. From the later half of twentieth century to the presentis the contemporary stage.Complete translation versions of Chu Ci had appeared. Eastern Europe emerged as a new force in the translation of Chu Ci. At the end, major translation achievements and research angles will be summarized. https://ijels.com/detail/the-translation-and-dissemination-of-chu-ci-in-europe/ Nan Chen, Chuanmao Tian https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-10920208-TheTranslation.pdf This study is anchored on the 21st Century Skills Framework of the Association of South East Asian Nation University Network (AUN). AUN has been an advocate of the 21st century education movement from its inception and visions to empower education leaders to move forward in their own practice. Two decades ago, AUN helped established the Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21) highlighting 18 different skills. However, over the years, it became clear that the framework was too long and complicated. To resolve this issue, leaders of different specializations were interviewed to determine which of the 21st century skills were the most important. https://ijels.com/detail/association-of-southeast-asian-nations-university-network-framework-for-women-empowerment-in-academe/ Dr. Vladimir T. Tamayo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-109202015-Associationof.pdf Chetan Bhagat is one of the most popular and renowned living authors of India. He is one of the favorite novelists of young India and has many time been crowned as an icon of youth. His novel depicts the youth with westernization and modernization in their life style and manners. His characters are social rebels and stands for their vitality. His Three Mistakes of My Life: A Story about Business, Cricket and Religion gives as idea of the major narrative strands. The three protagonists of the novel are raising entrepreneurs and the plot revolves around their ups and downs of their business fortune. On the other hand the adaptation of this novel Kai Po Che means ‘kite is cut’, is based on the novel “The 3 Mistakes of My Life”. It can be described as a wholesome cinematic experience. The story has been set in Ahmedabad during the years of 2000 – 02, the script of the film follows the lives o three friends – Ishaan, Govind and Omi and their desire to own a successful business and move out of a middle class root. The story revolves around their trials and travails as they set up a sports goods business and a cricket coaching academy, and their encounter with the Muslim world through ali, Ishaan’s talented cricket disciple. The movie gradually builds to a climax set during the Gujarat genocide of Muslims during February – March 2002. https://ijels.com/detail/adaptation-of-the-3-mistakes-of-my-life-into-the-film-kai-po-che/ Dr. Nagmani Alok https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-10920209-Adaptation.pdf The study aimed to assess the attitudes and self-efficacy of junior high school students towards mathematics performance for the school year 2019-2020 using a descriptive-correlational survey research design. An adapted questionnaire was answered by 267 junior high school students. The data was statistically analyzed using mean, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Spearman Rho for the significance of p-value as statistical tools. The respondents’ first-quarter grade was described as approaching proficiency, which means students performed not very well in their mathematics performance. Attitudes of the respondents towards mathematics were evaluated in areas of self-confidence, value, enjoyment, and motivation. Junior high school students had a moderately high level of self-confidence in mathematics and enjoyed studying mathematics. They had a high level of attitude in valuing mathematics as they believed mathematics is essential in everyday life, and it helps them develop the mind and teaches them to think. They also had a high level of attitude in terms of their enjoyment in learning mathematics subjects because they believe studying mathematics helps them with problem-solving in other areas it is useful. They also think that having a strong background in mathematics could help them in their professional life. The students had a moderately high level of attitudes in terms of motivation in learning mathematics as they feel nervous and makes them feel uncomfortable during mathematics class. Students’ self-efficacy in mathematics was moderately high because of the belief they will be able to use mathematics in future careers when needed. A significant relationship between students’ profile and their level of attitudes in self-confidence, value, enjoyment, and motivation in learning mathematics was investigated. It was found out that respondents’ sex, most liked and disliked subject has a significant relationship with their self-confidence. Their value of mathematics was significantly related to their parents’ education, mothers’ occupation, parents’ monthly income, gadgets used in learning mathematics, and most liked the subject. Enjoyment in learning mathematics was significantly related to students’ daily allowance, devices used in learning mathematics, and most enjoyed subjects. Their motivation was significantly associated with their most liked subject. Profile variables of the students were correlated to their level of self-efficacy and mathematics performance. Among the profile variables, the most wanted subject was with a significant relationship with their self-efficacy. Simultaneously, mathematics performance was significantly related to their sex, parents’ education, mothers’ occupation, and gadgets used in learning mathematics. Attitudes of junior high school students towards mathematics were significantly correlated to their self-efficacy in mathematics. This study recommends that students may make some effort to improve their performance in mathematics. Their attitudes towards mathematics should be improved to enhance their self-confidence, motivation, and self-efficacy in mathematics. https://ijels.com/detail/attitudes-and-self-efficacy-of-students-toward-mathematics/ Jay Ar I. Laranang, John Mark F. Bondoc https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-102202025-Attitudes.pdf This paper aims to show the importance of using technology in Iraqi EFL classrooms to enhance and support education in Iraq especially after the spread of Covid-19all over the world. Iraqi EFL learners suffer from the old method of teaching which depends heavily on following the Grammar Translation Method, the Audio-Lingual Method and recently, the Communicative Approach. Iraq did not attempt to involve e-learning as a tool of learning. Currently, when the world became as a small country especially with the rapid development of technology around the world, it became a necessity to use technology in Iraqi classrooms. Technology has provided a means of escape from all the tradition teaching and learning based on the textbook. Different types of technology provide learners with a vast number of opportunities to develop their English which are not found in the traditional learning. Bataineh and Al-Abdali (2015) stated that “Technology has changed the teachers’ and learners’ roles, teaching changed from “teacher-centered into student-centered” (P. 243). This paper tries to show teaching and learning English language in the era of E-learning in Iraqi education. https://ijels.com/detail/the-electronic-approaches-the-era-of-emergence-e-learning-in-the-educational-system-in-iraq/ Ahmed Ibrahim Elttayef Al-Abdali, Ali Dakhil Naem Alzayadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-109202017-TheElectronic.pdf Discourse is the stretches of language which is socially used to convey broad conventional meaning. This theoretical study ‘Discourse, Power and Truth: Foucauldian Perspective’ reveals the social and educational perspectives of discourse, power and truth along with their basic concept. Being based on different literatures reviews and the concepts the author got in philosophy class at Tribhuvan University, this study aims to provide insights to those who want to get basic concept on Foucauldian perspective on discourse, power and truth. From the study, it was found that discourse is not only a linguistic phenomenon rather it is social too. It is identified by the social conditions of its use, by who is using in what contexts. Discourse is both means and effect of power. https://ijels.com/detail/discourse-power-and-truth-foucauldian-perspective/ Prakash Bhattarai https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-108202023-Discourse.pdf Arundhati Roy’s novel The God of Small Things (1997) narrates trauma and its deep distress in child psychology. The novel consists of multiple traumas. Rahel and Estha-- the two major characters – are haunted by past events throughout their life. I pay particular attention to child psychology affected by trauma, its causes, symptoms and responses are examined in relation to the experience of the children particularly Rahel and Estha. In this article I employ the theoretical frameworks of psychological trauma studies in relation to childhood. It provides interpretations of psychological trauma in the childhood and its long-lasting affects even in the adult life. The protagonists are two twin children Rahel and Esthappen. https://ijels.com/detail/arundhati-roy-s-the-god-of-small-things-traumatic-distress-in-children/ Pradeep Kumar Giri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-109202026-Arundhati.pdf This paper attempts to provide insights on research paradigm as the philosophical foundation for educational research. The main purpose of writing this paper is to provide basic idea and knowledge about research paradigm to the prospective researcher with a claim as it is a philosophy of educational research. Different books and journal articles were consulted, reviewed and discussed to prepare this write up. After accumulating the idea and insights on research paradigms, the paper begins with the overview of research in terms of basic features. Then, it introduces about the research paradigms as the research philosophy and followed by the major components of research paradigms viz. ontology, epistemology, methodology and axiology. The key components of research paradigms are defined and discussed in terms of their basic premises in relation to the educational research contexts. Moreover, the paper also presents a brief discussion on the implications of research paradigms in educational research. https://ijels.com/detail/research-paradigm-a-philosophy-of-educational-research/ Krishna Kumar Khatri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-109202027-Research.pdf O.P. Bhatnagar is an original poet expressing and asserting his originality of imagination, conception and treatment. He has also kept himself aloof from the dominant schools of poetry and attempts to function close to the centre of society without self-accusation and morbidity characteristic of modern poetry. While dealing with the complexity he tends to keep a delicate grasp of the world around him. His mission is to discover truth without self-indulgent esotericism. Above all, Bhatnagar is a true humanist who has been endeavoring all his life to ameliorate the status and raise the dignity of man in modern world dominated by the hawks and hyenas of politics. This paper iterates Bhatnagar's clarion call to modern Indo¬ English poets to stop window dressing, environment reporting, and start bringing poetry within the reach of the common man. https://ijels.com/detail/o-p-bhatnagar-s-clarion-call-to-reform-indian-english-poetry/ Dr. Ananta Geetey Uppal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-109202044-OP.pdf Over the course of centuries Indian great epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata continueto exert its pronounced impact upon shaping philosophic approach to Indian life on religious,cultural and social levels. The innovative andImmortal creation of theiconic figures like Rama and Krishna imparts strikingreligious and social stance to consolidate an enduring sense of moral consciousness.The present paper on the contrary seeks to explore how classical Indian philosophyinsists on defining Indian women as historically mute and socially oppressed subalternsubject under the patriarchal supervision. Therefore, the paper shades light on identifying the stereotype Indian women with Shakuntala whose womanhood is marked bycoyness,submissiveness and susceptibility. The prejudiced and paralytic patriarchal legacy left behind by post Vedic period perpetuates its ideologically galvanised exploitative encounter on thewomen.Though, neutralized in the wake of the globalization some extent the partial centralization of patriarchal power and authority does not allow the voiceless a valid and vast space to think independently of men in independent India. https://ijels.com/detail/patriarchal-values-of-indian-womanhood-and-its-legacy-in-kalidas-shakuntala/ Arun Ghorai https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-109202012-Patriarchal.pdf From the perspective of Multimodal Cognitive Discourse Analysis, this study, based on social semiotics theory, has constructed a cognitive functional analysis method to analyze the reports of mainstream British media on COVID-19, revealed their characteristics in terms of narrative modes and discourse strategies from three aspects of multimodal uses, ideological orientation and audience characteristics, and conducted an objective analysis of the international image of China that mainstream British media tried to shape, which aims to provide references for the construction of China's international discourse and the image of an international power. https://ijels.com/detail/multimodal-cognitive-critical-analysis-of-mainstream-british-media-on-covid-19/ Li Wenxuan, Wang Feng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-109202031-Multimodal.pdf This research designed to identify the development of information technology that has emerged as the development of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in South Korea and Indonesia. This research identifies problems such as each country’s search engine as the identity of the country and also the number of users who rely on the search engine mentioned before.This research is included in the ranks of qualitative research. The theoretical foundation is used as a guide so that the focus of research is in accordance with the facts in the field. The paradigm used in this study is the paradigm of constructivism. https://ijels.com/detail/search-engine-mapping-on-media-usage-among-korean-and-indonesian-users/ Yuni Tresnawati, Nor Fauziana BT. Ibrahim https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-109202020-SearchEngine.pdf The idea for this project came after the COVID-19 pandemic. The resurgence of China-Africa relation in international politics during China's intense propaganda to divert attention from its domestic affairs has made the author research the critics addressed to China to help Africa fight the pandemic as its increasing influence in Africa politics. The subject was treated in many ways but not in a way that accesses the path that has led to China's profound implication in Africa. The study has shown that Western power had contributed to promoting China's economic and political rise in Africa affairs. So This made the author curious to develop an analytical framework to address this question ''Why the West is such angry of China strong implication in Africa'' and to scoop into the empirics explanation given the rapidly evolving relations between China and Africa, We focused the research on the failure of democratization consolidation, pragmatism realism and difficulty for Africa nation to legitimize their government. For thinking about Chinese activities in Africa, we demonstrated the need for greater nuance between the West's contribution to the democratic process and China's methods to make allies and show China's impact on Democracy. Hence this study analyses the steps that have led China in its position in Africa countries' foreign policy. https://ijels.com/detail/ambiguous-regimes-the-path-leading-to-china-s-inclusion-in-africa/ Dr. Kuassi Clikan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-109202025-AmbiguousRegimes.pdf This paper studies the hierarchy of honorificity in the language of Bhojpuri. Bhojpuri is one of the dominant languages of Bihar which has a got a lot to explore in linguistically. Previously, a lot has been studied on Bhojpuri but this specific study deals with the case of honorificity in the various social contexts of Bhojpuri. It tries to showcase that how the speakers of the western dialect of Bhojpuri, spoken in western part of Bihar carry their cultural domains in the form of honorifics into the structure of their language. https://ijels.com/detail/the-hierarchy-of-honorifics-in-bhojpuri/ Anupriya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-107202036-TheHierarchy.pdf Textbooks have always been a major means of standardizing the curriculum and the activities of the students. The standardization happens through teaching the values. However, the values are transformed as discourse — the means through which the reality is known or made to be known. Informed by the insights basically founded in Critical Discourse Analysis, this paper tries to explore the values– beliefs about certain aspect such as family, society and nation, in school-level textbooks, especially of Nepali and Social Studies, of government schools of Nepal, and attempts to argue that the textbooks prescribed by the current curriculum are cultural production at large therefore textual. Specifically, it argues how the inculcation of critical attitude in the school children has been undermined giving rise to the pedagogy that largely emphasizes on mere knowing some values that mar the development of critical attitude in the students. As a qualitative inquiry, the article critically draws upon the ideological interpretation of the moral values, and concludes the total patterning of the content of the textbooks clearly keeps the essentialities of modern education such as critical engagement, linguistic and cognitive skills, the questioning attitude and critical thinking on the part of the students at bay. https://ijels.com/detail/killing-the-critical-a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-moral-values-in-government-sponsored-textbooks-of-nepal/ Mr. Saroj G. C. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-109202035-Killingthe.pdf Seamus Heaney is a great poet rooted in Irish history and culture, his setting is pastoral, one which belongs to the world of nature and Irish heritage and. Heaney has raised the voice of the national identity of the catholic people and has also invoked the support of the protestant Irish community to help them recreate a prosperous Ireland of native traditions. The life of the Irish people at the farming level, rural habits and several other items happening in the day to day life of these people supply raw material for imaginary and symbolism in the poetry of Seamus Heaney. By picking up symbols from the experience of a childhood he reconstructs complete image of the Irish people living in Ulster region, a community of minority Catholics engaged in homely activities like farming, digging, churning etc., without much caring for attaining higher stations of life in political fields or in economic framework of the industrialized society. Heaney has raised the voice of the national identity of the catholic people and has also invoked the support of the protestant Irish community to help them recreate a prosperous Ireland of native traditions His symbols are homely but effective to the Irish life. https://ijels.com/detail/thematic-concerns-in-the-select-poetry-of-seamus-heaney/ Geethanjali R, Niranjan Patel J https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-109202038-Thematic.pdf Ecocriticism has been one of the prominent theories of literary criticism. However, its practitioners have felt some inconvenience in their practice. Objective of this paper is to know the matters that have made the practitioners of ecocriticism feel uneasy in their practice and supply solution to their problems. The paper argues that the uneasy felt by the practitioners of ecocriticism is caused by the fact that there is no dominant canonical guideline in ecocriticism. The paper proposes that this gap can be fulfilled by adopting some prominent features of American transcendentalism: that nature is the manifestation of universal soul; that human being is analogous to nature; and hence human actions should be made proportionate to the order of nature. This study can add some in the process of making ecocriticism emerge as a complete philosophy of the relationship between human being and nature, which thereby could create harmony in and between them. https://ijels.com/detail/american-transcendentalism-as-the-complement-of-ecocriticism/ Dr. Raju Chitrakar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-108202052-American.pdf A Dream of Red Mansions, known as the “Encyclopaedia of Chinese culture”, is the pinnacle of Chinese classical literature. Based on the analysis of translation of different dresses in A Dream of Red Mansions by Mr Yang Xianyi and his wife Glaydis Yang, this paper discusses the limits of cultural translatability of dress colours, materials, styles, accessories and patterns, and put forward some complementary translation methods, such as literal translation with explanation, free translation, corresponding translation, rewriting, transliteration. It can be seen that although there are limits of translatability in the original text in some cases, the untranslatability can be transformed to translatability to the maximum extent by using flexible translation methods. https://ijels.com/detail/on-english-translatability-limits-of-dress-culture-in-a-dream-of-red-mansions/ Shen Huijia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-109202028-OnEnglish.pdf This paper aims to analyze the influence of systemic racism on quarter-life crisis, experienced by Malcolm X, as seen in The Autobiography of Malcolm X (As Told to Alex Haley). The emphasis of this research is to find the relation between racial segregation in American society and its influence on quarter-life crisis, which is a psychological crisis of uncertainty, self-insecurity and identity confusion, occurs during emerging adulthood period. Therefore, by applying a qualitative method, this research works under Post-Nationalist American Studies and psychosocial approach as an integrated paradigm which accommodates the inter-disciplinary aspects of “self and society”. The analysis shows that racial segregation, in the field of education and job occupation, is a form of systemic racism which influences Malcolm X’s mental wellness as a young African-American. Racial segregation, in this case, is “a function of blocked opportunities” which disallows young African-Americans to develop their own competencies and to achieve their “American Dream”. In the development of his quarter-life crisis, Malcolm X manages to rebuild his new long-term commitment which contributes to the construction of his adult identity as an African-American Muslim activist. https://ijels.com/detail/the-influence-of-systemic-racism-on-quarter-life-crisis-in-the-autobiography-of-malcolm-x-as-told-to-alex-haley/ Bhakti Satrio Nugroho, Dwi Septi Aryani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-109202018-Thenfluence.pdf Nepali's migration for foreign employment began with the Gurkha's recruitment in the British Army in the dawn of the nineteenth century. Since then, they have been sending remittances to the country as recruitment has been an aspect of bilateral relations between the two countries. After 1947, when India was liberated from the British colonial rule, the Gurkha's recruitment diversified to other countries including India and Singapore. This process is continued and tends to be so for some near future. Thus, the country is receiving a sustainable source of remittances from Gorkha working in different foreign armies. This fact is often ignored in the studies of remittances and their applications in Nepal. This article analyzes Gurkha's recruitment pattern in different national armies, the remittances they send, and the application and development function of the remittances. This article concludes that Gurkha's collective recruitment in the foreign armies involved social and financial forms of remittances. The social remittances significantly contributed to social modernization in the isolated villages, while the financial remittances spurred entrepreneurship development thereby contributing to regional development. https://ijels.com/detail/the-gurkha-recruitment-remittances-and-development/ Ratna Mani Nepal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-109202047-TheGurkha.pdf Chitra Banarjee Divakaruni for her exceptional literary acumen has got several distinctions and awards. In 1989, she was given Memorial Award from Barbara Deming Foundation. In 1990, Santa Clara Country Arts Council honoured her for writing award. In 1993, she was honoured with writing award from Gerbode Foundation. She also got honor of receiving PEN Oakland Josephine Miles Prize for fiction. For the book Hearing Yuvacity she was given Ginsberg Poetry Award and push card Prize. She got American Book Award for her brilliant collection of short stories entitled Arranged Marriage. Before Columbus Foundation in 1996, The Mistress of Spices was nominated as the best book of 1997 by Lost Angles Times and best paper back of 1998 by Seattle Times. The literary career of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni begins with the publication of her debut short collection Arranged Marriage (1995). The realist discourse of cultural conflict in the multilingual society forms a central motive in her writing. https://ijels.com/detail/pragmatism-and-human-values-in-some-short-stories-of-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/ Dr. Parmendra Kumar Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-109202022-Pragmatism.pdf Sarojini Naidu, the nightingale of India, was a talented craftsman whose verse is unadulterated and loaded with extraordinary desire. She was acutely alive to all the delights and bounties of nature. She is captivated by the sights and sounds, hues and smells of common items. She has attempted to include all characteristic articles in her verse. She has composed sonnets on a wide range of trees, blossoms, fowls and seasons too. In her verse, there is finished congruity between man, nature and legend. Her sonnets uncover an unconstrained comprehension and significance of man's relationship with nature. Nature was a spring of unending ecstasy to her.' Nature has for quite some time been a wellspring of motivation to the artists to create their sonnets and has stayed as a compelling energizer to uncover their feelings recalled in serenity. The issues of contemporary Indian culture are unequivocally introduced through legends, images, and complex nature pictures. They have been enthused to set their renderings to the changes of the scene, the adjustments in season, to the tweeting of flying creatures, the murmuring of the honey bees, to the stirring sound of the leaves and any characteristic marvels around them. Nature and writing have consistently shared a cozy relationship as is proven in progress of artists and different scholars down the ages in practically all societies of the world. https://ijels.com/detail/poetic-beauty-of-sarojini-naidu-s-poetries/ Dr. Mithilesh Kumar Manjhi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-109202030-Poetic.pdf Agra Bazaar, Habib Tanvir’s musical masterpiece, was first staged in 1954 with a cast of untrained actors in a bazaar. The musical drama is based on the life of Nazir Akbarabadi, the much-neglected Urdu poet of the eighteenth century. It was with this play that Tanvir evolved as one of the finest Indian playwrights and theatre director. In Agra Bazaar is Tanvir rediscovering Akbarabadi’s works by using hiss verses and highlighting the popularity of the Urdu poet among the working-class people of the eighteenth century. Tanvir himself writes that he has chosen Nazir because as he explains, “In Nazir’s poetry I heard echoes of optimism and social relevance. I was inspired by Nazir’s voice which was different from any other poet but was also the voice of humanity…”(“Preface to the First Edition” 1). It is Akbarabadi’s socially relevant verses that Tanvir is able to contemporize the past. The play is situated in the eighteenth century, but an in-depth analysis of the play finds out that he though his craft and the clever use Akbarabadi’s poetry has explored the social and political situation of the twentieth century through historicizing the eighteenth century. https://ijels.com/detail/presenting-the-past-how-habib-tanvir-contemporizes-the-past-in-his-play-agra-bazaar/ Sumaiya Sanaullah Khan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-109202040-Presenting.pdf The present paper explains licensing and identification in Maithili in relation to other null subject language within Minimalist approach. It shows Maithili is consistent null subject language and also allows thematic and non-thematic pro. Maithili allows null subject in both of the clauses either in root clauses or in embedded clauses. Many scholars have developed their theories regarding null subject language. But, I am going to focus on well-known linguists who worked on pro-drop parameter in the field of linguistics. Various scholars with different theories give their ideas on pro from traditional to minimalist framework. Further we deal with licensing and identification of pro. Licensing and Identification are two independent processes but are closely interrelated. This paper investigates various properties of pro in Maithili and verbal morphology. https://ijels.com/detail/licensing-and-identification-of-empty-subjects-in-maithili/ Anshu Chaudhary https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-109202050-Licensing.pdf Mary Shelley’s attempt to create a Female Gothic in the textual space of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) has enabled the inauguration of critical discourse in a novel that refutes generic classifications. Bernard Rose’s film titled, Frankenstein (2015), has appropriated Mary Shelley’s nineteenth-century novel for contemporary viewers. The insertion of the monster’s Oedipal desire for Elizabeth in the cinematic adaptation supplements the investigation of orthodox romantic ideals by visualizing potentialities in the story. This paper endeavors to critique the illustration of the Oedipal Complex in Rose’s film to comprehend the significance of its incorporation in the plot. https://ijels.com/detail/oedipal-desire-in-bernard-rose-s-frankenstein/ Mridula Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-109202043-Oedipal.pdf The purpose of this research is to find out how accounting treatment is carried out by PT London Sumatera Indonesia Tbk and to find out if the company has implemented the value of honesty otshiddiqin presenting its financial statements so that they not only prioritize personal interests but also prioritize the interests of the users of financial statements. The approach used in this study is a case study approach, which focus on accounting treatmentcases implemented by PT Lonsum. Data collection is carried out through documentation media and strengthened by secondary data in this case financial statements. Content Analysis became the data analysis technique used in this study. The results of this study suggest that the accounting treatment carried out by the company has been in accordance with PSAK 69 except in terms of depreciation. Reviewed from a shariah point of view in this case the implementation of honest attitude or shiddiq company has done accounting treatment ranging from recognition to disclosure of biological assets in financial statements in accordance with the principle of honesty. Not only are profit a top priority but they put the common good first while upholding the value of honesty in presenting financial information. https://ijels.com/detail/transparency-elevation-biological-asset-accounting-treatment-based-al-shiddiq-value-study-at-pt-pp-london-sumatera-indonesia-tbk/ Muhammad Wahyuddin Abdullah, Kasmawati, Mustafa umar, Hadriana Hanafie https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-109202046-Transparency.pdf Alice Walker is a contemporary African American writer and her award-winning work "The Color Purple" maps the traumatic memory of African Americans. It describes the history of a woman changing from being humble to being independent. The heroine Celie suffered various traumas during her whole life, namely domestic violence trauma, isolation trauma and gender trauma, etc. In the end, she gained a new life through self-redemption and the help of others, eventually realizing the transformation of her life. From the perspective of trauma theory, we will focus on the process how the protagonist faces trauma, overcomes trauma and becomes a “woman warrior”. https://ijels.com/detail/interpretation-of-celie-s-trauma-in-the-color-purple-from-the-perspective-of-trauma-theory/ Zhao Qing https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-109202056-Interpretation.pdf The ability to decode text effortlessly and to recognize words automatically is crucial to text comprehension. Most children will need intentional and systematic instruction in order to develop these reading fluency skills. The present study examined the effects of explicit instruction on reading fluency skills among 124 primary four pupils in four public primary schools. To gather data for this study, Reading Fluency Test (RFT) was used. The RFT measured the three reading fluency skills: word recognition, decoding and prosody. Analyses of data gathered using the t-test dependent sample revealed that explicit instruction improved reading fluency skills of pupils. These results confirm that improvements in reading fluency skills of pupils are related to intentional instruction as found in explicit instruction. One implication of the study is that teachers should be intentional in improving the reading fluency skills of pupils at the primary level of education. https://ijels.com/detail/effects-of-explicit-instruction-on-reading-fluency-skills-of-primary-pupils-in-jos-east-local-government-area-of-plateau-state-nigeria/ Rahila P. Gowon, Olufunmilayo Victoria Owolabi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-109202033-Effectsof.pdf Pandemics are biological crises that pack a punch on the lives of every human being, regardless of the nation or race to which one belongs to. Whatever be the technological advancements man has made, pandemics have made a mockery of man’s high claims by having the last laugh and wiping the lives of people in millions. Supplementing this, the pandemic literature is opulent with biographies, fictions, memoirs, testimonies and movies which narrate the life, survival and death of human species. The pandemic literature probes into the lives of individuals and the reconnoitred information makes the pages of history. More than this, literature has the earmarks of predicting or prophesying the future. One of the finest examples for this is the movie Contagion. The movie rightly insinuates the present global situation and reasserts the plight of human nature where a microscopic organism plays its game. https://ijels.com/detail/pandemic-literature-envisioning-catastrophe-in-soderbergh-s-contagion/ Dr. Suhail Abdul Rub. P https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-109202041-Pandemic.pdf The present paper aims to discuss the vowels, consonants and diphthongs of Maithili English. It also explains some supra segmental features of English which causes problem for Maithili speakers of English and makes their speech unintelligible. Besides this it also tries to explain the interference of Maithili in the speech of Maithili speakers of English in Bihar and find out the growing trend of Maithili English even in work place because of Maithili speakers loyalty to their language. https://ijels.com/detail/maithili-english-some-characteristic-features/ Dr. Pooja Roy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-110202013-Maithili.pdf The purpose of this study is to examine the interactive multimodal metadiscourse features of campaign posters developed exclusively by Kenya’s Ministry of Health (MoH) or collaboratively with religious groups and development partners. The objectives of the study were to establish the generic structure, categories, frequencies and functions of interactive textual metadiscourse and visual resources. Using a mixed research design employing qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the study analyzed a corpus of 25 posters on six thematic areas including social stigma, immunity, signs and symptoms, handwashing, immunity, mental health. The frame work of analysis is partly drawn from Hyland’s interpersonal model of metadiscourse (2005) and Kress (2010) and Kress and Van Leewun (2001, 2002, 2006) on visual interactive resources. The findings revealed presence of evidentials, code glosses and frame markers in the textual metadiscourse used by the poster designers. Evidentials were the most frequent used textual metadiscourse markers followed by code glosses and frame markers. On use of interactive visual resources, the research established use of information value, framing, connective devices and fonts to supplement the textual interactive metadiscourse devices to guide the readers. The results expand our knowledge on multimodality communication in respect to guiding readers when engaging in multimodal public health communication. https://ijels.com/detail/interactive-multimodal-metadiscourse-in-covid-19-campaign-posters-by-ministry-of-health-kenya/ Khadohi Bonface Isalambo, Dr. Odhiambo Kenneth https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-109202045-Interactive.pdf Arundhati Roy's Booker Prize renowned novel deals with the ravages of caste system in South Indian state, Kerala. Roy portrays both the sad predicament of untouchables and also the struggle of a woman trying to have accomplishment in life in a patriarchal society. Velutha transgresses the established norms of society by having an affair with a woman of high caste. The final upshot of this love affair is the tragic death of an "Untouchable" by the "Touchable Boots" of the state police, an event that makes a mockery of the idea of God. God is no more in control of "small things" rather the small things have an crucial power over God, turning him to "The God of loss" The society represented in The God of Small Things is Syrian Christian. The Christians of Kerala are divided into five churches: Roman Catholic, Orthodox Syrian, Nestorian, Marthoma, and Anglican. Syrian Christians claim the Apostle Thomas as their founder. The term "Syrian" refers to the West Asian origins of the group's ancestors and to their use of Syriac as a liturgical language. For centuries, their spoken language has been Malayalam. Syrian Christians have a history that predates European rule. While the Jesuits made only limited alteration to community life in 1830s and 40s, the nineteenth-century British Colonial state played a significant role in undermining Syrian Christian-Hindu connections. The proposed paper studies the conflict that exists in The God of Small Things at individual and societal levels. The novel graphically shows that how people are helpless to resolve these levels of friction. Velutha, the outcast, can never co exist peaceful with the "touchable" communities for so long as the stigma of untouchability attached to him and countless others like him. Velutha is "highly intelligent," an excellent carpenter with an engineer's mind, but he is also the God of Small Things and he fails to leave any impression on the sand of time. https://ijels.com/detail/downtrodden-society-in-arundhati-roy-s-the-god-of-small-things/ Dr. Sunil Kumar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-11020203-Downtrodden.pdf The aim of this research is analyzing and describing about personality competence of principal in building school competitive advantage. This research approach uses qualitative approach to the type of case study research. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The steps of data analysis consist of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity checking techniques are carried out through credibility, dependability, confirmability, and data transferability. Based on research result, personality competence of principal in buliding school competitive advantage is carried out through these things : 1) Having good moral, developing traditions and culture of noble morals, and being a good role model for the community in a school/madrasah 2) Having strong personality integrity as a leader 3) Have the strong willing for self-developing as principal /madrasah 4) Being open in carrying out the main and function 5) Controlling themselves in dealing with problems at work as a principal / madrasah. 6) Has the talent and interest in the position as an educational leader 7) Has a high spirit and a visionary and futuristic personality in an effort to build competitive advantage. As well as mastery of school principals on personality competencies that have a commitment to the Muhammadiyah organization for the development of educational institutions under the auspices of the Muhammadiyah foundation to become an institution of national pride. https://ijels.com/detail/implementation-of-headmaster-personality-competence-in-developing-competitive-advantages-a-case-study-in-east-java-indonesia/ Nur Halima, Fitra Mardiana https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-11020202-Implementation.pdf This research aims to elaborate on Maurice Hall’s homosexual identity development in Maurice. It uses Richard R. Troidden’s homosexual identity development model that describes how committed homosexuals recall the process of accepting homosexuality as their identity. This theory covers four stages; sensitization, identity confusion, identity assumption, and commitment. The analysis discovers that Maurice Hall experiences happiness and sorrow in his journey as he encounters two major characters, Clive Durham and Alec Scudder. Maurice Hall fully accepts his homosexuality once he meets Alec Scudder who encourages Maurice to be his lover. This paper concludes that Maurice Hall’s homosexual identity development is mostly influenced by people surrounding him such as Clive Durham who makes Maurice depressed due to a sudden break-up and Alec Scudder who makes Maurice later fully accepts his homosexuality. However, the ending seems happy since Maurice finally finds his romantic partner but it implicitly tells that homosexuality was unacceptable at the time, therefore, Maurice Hall and Alec Scudder find a new place to live together. https://ijels.com/detail/homosexual-identity-development-in-e-m-forster-s-maurice-how-characters-accept-their-homosexuality/ Bayu Prawita Putra, Budi Darma, Ali Mustofa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-11020205-Homosexual.pdf The spreading of familial ties across the globe has highlighted a range of questions about the family structure and the impact of migration especially on older people. Their involuntarily movement leaves many a consequences as they find it pretty much difficult to cope with the socio-cultural changes one has to undergo. In this sudden change of practice, with ever new essence of land and people, they feel uncomfortable and, in a way, get disrupted with their belief system. Sometimes, it comes with the price of sacrificing their homely happiness into this late years of life before an illusionary vision of paradise on the other side of the sea. The dichotomy for the aged people lies into the caregiving notion of East and the West’s respective familial ties. While one is a collective society where people live into the large family bondage, the other is individualistic in its outlook taking care of their own themselves. The dialectics of home and migration of elderly people creates a complex meaning of family and familiarity. This happens as being with family they lack their familiar space. A selection of Rishi Reddy’s two short stories from the collection “Karma and Other Stories” bring us the life of two migrants into the opportunities of the West in their late age and get perennially mixed up into the new world order. https://ijels.com/detail/no-country-for-old-men-representing-the-dilemmas-of-old-age-and-migration-in-rishi-reddi-s-justice-shiva-ram-murthy-and-bangles/ Shrabanti Kundu, Dhiraj Saha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-109202053-NoCountry.pdf As English is becoming more and more the language of the global market, the teaching/ learning of English for business purposes is at risk of separating the language from its culture. However, cultural sensitivity is an integral part of the interaction between languages and thoughts in the business domain, especially in the field of international trade, which plays a vital role in the understanding of the way other people think, behave, act, and react accordingly. This paper aims at underscoring the essential role played by culture in both teaching and learning of English for commercial aims since the cultural context could not be divorced from its language. Hence, showing the extent to which language skills are tightly linked to the cultural paradigm is of paramount importance. Moreover, emphasizing the inseparability of language and culture would be demonstrated through the critical role played by culture in business and commerce classes, as well as how discarding culture could be an obstacle for the teaching and the learning of the language. https://ijels.com/detail/the-role-of-culture-in-teaching-english-for-business-purposes/ GUELLIL Assia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-109202052-TheRole.pdf Motivation is an important factor that contributes to the success of a foreign language learner. People with high motivation have trend to achieve their needs and wants. Understanding students’ motivation in learning English is necessary for EFL teachers. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the extent to which non-English majored students at Da Lat University (DLU) are motivated and factors that affect their motivation in learning EFL. A mixed methods design was employed in the study. 150 students majoring in business administration, economics, and tourism, and 5 English teachers participated in the study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that the students’ integrative motivation, instrumental motivation and social motivation were at a great level. Moreover, the findings indicated eight factors affecting their motivation in learning EFL, including students-related factors, parent-related factors, peer-related factors, teacher personality-related factors, teacher performance-related factors, teacher feedback-related factors, classroom-related factors, and textbook-related factors. Most of the students agreed that their motivation in learning EFLwas affected by these factors. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations for teachers, students and researchers are included. https://ijels.com/detail/factors-affecting-non-english-majored-students-motivation-in-learning-efl-at-tertiary-level/ Nguyen Chau Long, Le Van Tuyen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-11020204-Factors.pdf Using Leila Aboulela’s signal novel, The Translator, as a stepping-stone, I set out in this research paper to address ‘Halal fiction’ as an articulation of a faith-driven praxis, whose bearing on matters such as courtship between partners of different faiths (that is, a Muslim woman and a non-Muslim man) cum identity construction against a background of immigration, bears testimony. The paper argues that the overarching hallmark of faith that characterizes Halal fiction, also known as Islamic fiction, means that religious morality permeates every facet of life in it. Islamic fiction, it bears stressing, portrays a set of characters imbued with a strong sense of religious etiquette thanks to which they foster all guns blazing love and friendship while eschewing courses of action that fan the flames of hatred. I posit that Islamic fiction is a kind of standard bearer of the humanness of Muslim faith in Western societies where, oftentimes, fear and rejection of adherents of Muslim faith feed on intolerance as well as phony homogenizing claims of cultural supremacy. Deep-seated belief in Islam, so the paper contends, is not incommensurate by any means with harmonious living amongst folks of different cultural and religious backgrounds. https://ijels.com/detail/halal-fiction-and-the-politics-of-faith-driven-praxis-a-critical-reading-of-leila-aboulela-s-the-translator/ Mamadou Abdou Babou Ngom https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-109202055-Halal.pdf English is a Lingua franca and so very important in education, professions, researches and of course personal life, especially in elite society. Since, it has been globally acknowledged, it is on high demand in myriad fields, mainly academics, business and researches. It is mostly used in high gentry and so considered a status symbol in the society. Its academic role is pivotal in literary pursuits in the present scenario. In broader perspective, it helped in getting independence that finally freed our country from the clutches of British Imperialism or British yoke. The national leaders got inspired from the writings of great philosophers like Ruskin bond and the other contemporary writers. It is also true to say that the founder of Indian National Congress, Allan Octavian Hume, was an English man. In brief, English was a great support in the struggle for freedom. It is used in a formal and informal manner both. It is quite objective, explicit and important but sometimes, complex too in nature and use as well. Since, most of the high standard books are available in English, they become the main source of academics, business and researches. The researchers usually refer books in English language because the contents are quite rich and suitable. It has also been read and approved by most of the foreign authors who know English only. It has been noticed that English being a world language, is also used for the other purposes too such as journalism, inventions, discoveries and even in serving news round the clock.The other details will automatically get unfolded ahead. So, the above points clearly indicate the role of English in researches and other perspectives of life. Furthermore, it is a link language that brings us closer to the entire world because in all the countries, usually people understand English and use it too. So, it is going global in almost all the walks of life. https://ijels.com/detail/pivotal-role-of-english-in-research/ Ravindra Nath Tiwari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-11020201-Pivotal.pdf Vocabulary acquisition is vital in learning a language. To express ideas and communicate clearly, sufficient amount of vocabulary is required for language learners. Learning vocabulary maybe challenging to second language learners, so language instructors come up with many mays to make language learning interesting. One of the ways to learn English vocabulary is through games. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether second language learners could acquire new vocabulary through “You’ve Been Framed” game. This study designs a vocabulary based game for language learners. Then it uses a set of questionnaires to evaluate the effectives of the game. The results of the study would include whether players can understand the rules of playing the game and enjoy playing it. Besides that, the effectiveness of the game in learning new vocabularies through implicit learning was also investigated. This study contributes to the language learning literature particularly in implicit language learning through games. https://ijels.com/detail/you-ve-been-framed-learning-english-vocabulary-through-game/ Tengku Farah Petri Tengku Mahmood, Afni Anida Adnan, Sharina Salmi Azmi, Ruhil Nadiah Abu Bakar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-11020208-Youve.pdf Identity, as a term, looks so simple at first glance. Nevertheless, it has far-reaching roots contributing diversity of meaning given to numerous social, psychological, cultural and geopolitical factors that come into play invariably. The field of Cultural Studies has identity politics as one of its most eye catching and engaging ground of exploration with an array of meanings to proffer that are conflicting and comprehensive rendering one’s critical sensibilities a violent shake every now and then. Among a plethora of identity markers, Diasporic identity has recently invited a hefty amount of attention. Diaspora means mass migration from a layman’s understanding of the word. However, this dislocation is generally not voluntary in nature as suggested by mass exile of Jews from Israel in pre-Christian era. Going by the length and breadth of time, a huge chunk of Jewish population got murdered at the hands of state brutality and this carnage left an indelible imprint on public consciousness for ages to come. It kick started a fuming debate on cultural identity where hybridity emerged as new normal struggling for a recognition in water tight social and cultural compartments. India waded through troubling waters during partition when huge exodus happened across border and the paper at hand is a sincere attempt to gauge that dark experience. It movingly displays a disheartening picture of post partition dilemma. Mutual distrust was so deep-rooted that even people who migrated to the land of identical culture, caught up in confusion of that insider vs. outsider debate. https://ijels.com/detail/identity-politics-and-insider-vs-outsider-debate-in-mahesh-dattani-s-final-solutions/ Monika Kapil, Mahesh Kumar Arora https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-110202012-Identity.pdf As a way of thinking and cognition, metaphor not only exists in language modality, but also exists in non-linguistic modality such as image, voice and gesture which form multimodal discourses by their interactions. Based on the theory of multimodal metaphor, this paper interprets the cognitive construction of the promo film of the 2025 World Games “Gather in Chengdu, Cheer the World on”, in which it analyzes the urban image and provides a new perspective for the analysis of urban image. https://ijels.com/detail/on-the-promo-film-of-chengdu-s-urban-image-construction-applying-for-the-2025-world-games-based-on-multimodal-metaphor/ Wu Yanmin, Peng Yi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-110202017-Onthe.pdf Poe, one of the greatest American writers, frequently wrote on themes that dealt with loneliness and solitude. While the loss of his parents at an early age could be seen as one of the reasons behind him being stuck to this theme, the bitterness that resulted from his failed marriage probably enhanced the Gothic shaded loneliness and a dark tone in his writings. The tone and style in his writings, which has been consistently successful in retaining its essence and passing on the same to readers across generations, were from the originality of his pre-occupied mind. This essay will discuss the qualities that made Poe stand out. https://ijels.com/detail/poe-the-exceptional-man-in-drawing-dark-images/ Angel P https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-110202011-Poe.pdf The African American feminist author, Alice Walker has been very vocal in demanding equality and rights for women. Her short story “The Abortion” presents a contrast between the public good of the African American community, that is, their general welfare, and the private miseries of the protagonist, Imani who is a member of that community. This paper is inspired by the influential French feminist, Simone de Beauvoir’s statement in her book The Second Sex that the true public good is what ensures the private good, and seeks to show how the public advancement of the African American community shown in the short story stands in stark contrast to Imani’s private indignity and identity crisis as a woman. https://ijels.com/detail/the-contrast-between-the-public-and-the-private-good-the-robbing-of-feminine-identity-and-dignity-in-alice-walker-s-the-abortion/ Tanzir Ahmed https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-110202021-TheContrast.pdf This study aims to describe and explain the transcendent dimension in the novel Merindu Baginda Nabi by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data source in this research is the novel Merindu Baginda Nabi. Data collection techniques in this study using documentation study techniques. The validity of the data in this study used the theoretical triangulation technique. The data analysis technique in this study used interactive data analysis techniques. The results of the study found that there are three forms of transcendence found in the novel, namely the recognition of human dependence on God, there is an absolute difference between God and humans, the recognition of absolute norms from God that do not come from human reason. The results of this research can be used as references in the field of literature, especially with regard to the prophetic dimensions that exist in a literary work, and become a contribution to knowledge and can be applied in literary studies that are useful for further researchers. https://ijels.com/detail/transcendence-dimensions-in-the-novel-merindu-baginda-nabi-by-habiburrahman-el-shirazy/ Muhamad Fajar Novala, Suyitno, Raheni Suhita https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-110202022-Transcendence.pdf This study examined the relationship between the types of vocabulary knowledge (receptive and productive) and morphological awareness in an EFL context. The participants in this study were 60 fourth year secondary school Arts students in Ain Drahem, Tunisia. Students were grouped into two groups (control/ experimental) in order to check the effectiveness of teaching morphology on vocabulary knowledge. Vocabulary size was tested using adapted versions of vocabulary tests, namely Nation’s (2001) Vocabulary Levels Test as a receptive measure of vocabulary size and Laufer and Nation’s (1999) productive version of the Vocabulary Levels Test. The tests were modified by increasing the total number of test items to make them more representative of the 2000 and 3000-word frequency levels. Students’ morphological awareness was measured by the Morphological Awareness Test with its four subsets (roots, derivational morphemes, compounds and inflectional morphemes).The VLT results showed that students’ receptive size was larger than their productive size. Results revealed also that students performed better at the 2000-word frequency level than at the 3000-word level. Besides, the informants’ scores were high on the overall morphological awareness task, and the best performance was on inflectional morphemes for both groups. As predicted, morphological awareness was positively related to both receptive and productive vocabulary. https://ijels.com/detail/morphological-awareness-and-vocabulary-knowledge/ Ahmed Zrig https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-110202020-Morphological.pdf English playwrights in India are deeply concerned about various social, political and cultural ills and maladies of Indian society. Among them Mahesh Dattani is the most serious contemporary playwrights. His major study areas are social realities and sensational issues like unusual love relationship, same-sex relationship, women exploitation and child-sex abuse, sexuality and gender discrimination. The play Seven Steps Around the Fire highlights the plight of hijra community of Indian society. It alarms socio- psychological crisis, conflict, anguish, fear, frustration and humiliation of the hijra community that is forced on them by the so-called respected society. It questions the age-old belief of marriage being based on heterosexual relationship. Present paper focusses social prejudices, discrimination and abuse against the hijra community. https://ijels.com/detail/the-forced-destiny-of-hijra-community-a-critique-of-dattani-s-play-seven-steps-around-the-fire/ Dr. Ebrahim Sk https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-110202036-TheForced.pdf Man begins his journey of creation with phenomenal activity, attains the purpose of his being and ultimately becomes a part of the eternal process. The same process is followed in artistic activity. In this process, the poet performs, realizes and attains the state of pure knowledge with perfect awareness of his energy as the identity of his being. The act of the poet has a universal effect which imparts rasa (aesthetic pleasure), in which the sahṛdaya (reader) transcends the world and enter the supra-human state where he is neither subjective nor object and nor even neutral. The Panckriyā theory Kashmir Shaivism demonstrates this process of literary composition through the five sequential steps of creation that takes place in the mind of the artist when he conceives the idea of literary composition. The present paper aims at analyzing Shakespeare’s Hamlet in the light of this theory which explains how the artist evolves from the first stage i.e. aesthetic intuition to the final stage of Grace. https://ijels.com/detail/the-journey-from-aesthetic-intuition-to-vision-of-reality-in-shakespeare-s-hamlet-an-analysis-in-the-light-of-panckriy-theory/ Vandana Chauhan, Shrawan K. Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-110202033-TheJourney.pdf This paper aims to unfold the forms of domestic violence towards women main character in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. It employs subaltern theory by Gayatri Spivak and domestic violence theory by Ganely, to investigate and answer the problem. The analysis discovers that Pecola Breadlove, the woman main character in this novel, suffers from domestic violence in the form of sexual, physical and psychological. She is firstly abused sexually by his father when she is in a very young age. This incestuous behavior remain deeply traumatic in her psychology. Moreover, Pecola who craves for blue eyes believes that by those eyes, her life will be changed since she will be well accepted by her community. Her existence in her community is hated because they consider her as an ugly girl. Moreover, she receives violence not only in sexual, verbal, but also in physical. Finally, this paper concludes that domestic violence is as the manifestation of dominating behavior from someone over other. The superiority leads someone to discriminate and abuse to others. In order to be well accepted in both black and white community and to overcome her sorrow life, thus she prays and craves for blue eyes. https://ijels.com/detail/domestic-violence-towards-women-characters-as-seen-in-toni-morrison-s-the-bluest-eye/ Ichwati Yuliana, Fabiola Dharmawanti Kurnia, Ali Mustofa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-110202028-Domestic.pdf This study examines thematic progression in zodiac killer letters. This study aims to reveal the unknown killer whether it is personal killer or group killer. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method since it attempts to describe and analyze textual data accurately. The data of this study come from research publication article. After gathering the data, thematic progression theory proposed by Fries (2002) is employed to analyze the data. Findings show that constant theme is the type of thematic progression that is mostly used in the zodiac killer letters by 65.30%. However, some letters of zodiac killer contain a lot of similarities for instance they usually use constant theme and multiple theme but there is no linear theme. This study conclude that the similarities of thematic progression often occur in zodiac killer letters. It means that the zodiac killer letters are very possible written by one person. So it’s a personal crime, not group killer. https://ijels.com/detail/the-similarities-of-thematic-progression-in-zodiac-killer-letters/ Mohammad Rakhmat Pramudita, Elvi Citraresmana, Susi Yuliawati https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-110202025-TheSimilarities.pdf In the beginning, war poetry was all about patriotism, indicating nobleness of war, written mostly by civilians, who had no or little experience of war. But the poetry written by the soldiers painted a totally different picture of war. This paper is concerned with a comparative study of the work of First World War poets, such as Rupert Brooke, Laurence Binyon, Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon. Brooke and Binyon's poetry was concerned with the theme of nationalism and the immortality of soldiers. But, Sassoon and Owen wrote about the horrific experience they witnessed during the war. Through their writing these poets countered and argued against all the noble ideologies related to war; instead, by expressing their true emotions, they depict war as inhumane, war weapons destructive and the lives of soldiers as uncertain. https://ijels.com/detail/the-shift-in-world-war-i-poetry-from-patriotic-theme-to-the-depiction-of-the-dark-realities-of-the-war/ Ms. Twinkle Kumar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/58IJELS-110202046-Theshiftin.pdf Doris Lessing’s socio-political consciousness refers to liberal and progressive outlook on life. She also got interested in communist ideology and became politically involved like the intellectuals of Salisbury who were filled with Marxist idealism. She was impressed by the ideals of the Royal Air Force personals and she contact with them. She experienced the Second World War through her father as it was divided in two groups American and European block. The social and political changes in Great Britain gave rise to the myth of classlessness, which was widely accepted. Domestic peace, colonial retraction and the Cold War on international level, led to the de-politicization of intellectual life. Lessing was one of the founder members and helped organize the first march protesting against nuclear weapons. Her involvement with these developments was primarily as an increasingly well-established, even celebrated writer. https://ijels.com/detail/doris-lessing-s-socio-political-consciousness/ Ms. Shikha Sharma, Dr. N. M. Shah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/59IJELS-110202044-Doris.pdf Intercultural communicative competence (ICC) becomes essential part in the language curriculum because it brings meaningful and communicative concept in English language teaching. The important elements of ICC that should be recognized by teachers are knowledge, attitudes, skill of interpreting and relating, skill of discovery and interaction, and cultural awareness when they teach English in their classroom. To find ICC mindfulness among teachers, this study investigated teachers’ practices about ICC in teaching English language. Qualitative method was employed in this study to obtain deeper understanding in natural setting. Thus, classroom observation and interview were used as means of collecting data. The subject of the research is two English teachers under the same foundation of one of private senior high school in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The result of this study indicated both teachers used most of components of ICC in their teaching practice. As the result, T1 used skill of interpreting and relating as the highest element found . In contrast, T2 had two highest elements in his teaching, they are knowledge and skill of interpreting and relating. In conclusion, both T1 and T2 bring ICC practice in their English classroom because they apply most of elements of intercultural communicative competence. https://ijels.com/detail/teachers-practices-about-intercultural-communicative-competence-in-teaching-english-language/ Latifatul Fajriyah, Lies Amin Lestari, Aswandi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/60IJELS-110202032-Teachers.pdf Juxtaposing two of the most familiar young adult literary characters, this paper tries to read the comparison between the two characters of two different periods with different backgrounds. Both these characters show a few common character traits, such as- loneliness, shyness, and post-traumatic stress disorder, to name a few. This paper tends to explore the connection between the nature of their respective traumatic youths through the lens of Freudian psychoanalysis. Holden and Charlie are two conjoined characters linked by their aloofness and oddities-this very paper puts an effort to understand why they want to ‘observe the world’ rather than ‘participate actively.’Finally, this paper delves into inquiring if these traumatic youths represent the universal condition of the struggling youngsters and their self-inflicted ostracism from society. https://ijels.com/detail/alienated-and-disenchanted-youth-a-study-of-comparison-and-contrast-between-holden-caulfield-and-charlie-kelmeckis/ Shuvro Das https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/61IJELS-109202029-Alienated.pdf Armah is an austere writer who criticizes the evils in the society. Most of the works are related to the sufferings of the Ghanaians after their independence. As seen in all the nations which were the colonies of the Britishers, Ghana too experienced the trauma which made the country too loose its identity and also made the natives to alter their style of living. This as the background Armah created his characters who felt alienated, desolated and also displaced in other nation and also in their own native land. Through the characters of Modin and Solo Armah gives out the sufferings and also the struggle to overcome the sufferings in the society which lost its values and made the characters to be totally inappropriate in the situation. This paper tries to elucidate the pain and pathos of the characters who were suffering because of desolation and displacement. https://ijels.com/detail/desolation-and-displacement-in-ayi-kwei-armah-s-why-are-we-so-blest/ S Geetha Nirmal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/62IJELS-110202041-Desolation.pdf The importance and benefits of critical reading (CR) in the study of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) are often emphasized by scholars, particularly in relation to extensive reading (ER). However, some related studies show that the Chinese ER textbooks do not pay much attention to CR, which indicates that students lack sufficient materials to foster their CR ability. Combining these aspects, this research aims to find the feasibility of using supplementary materials to foster CR ability in Chinese ER classes. https://ijels.com/detail/the-feasibility-of-using-supplementary-materials-to-foster-students-critical-reading-ability-in-chinese-extensive-reading-classes/ Gao Qing, Ma Xiao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/63IJELS-110202015-TheFeasibility.pdf This paper analyses the syllable within the framework of phonology. The syllable is a central prosodic feature in phonology and phonological processes occur within it. However, languages differ with respect to phonotactic constraints that control their syllable structure. Therefore, this paper considers Kikamba language to have unique principles of syllabification that need to be explored. This paper applies the theory of Generative CV-phonology model that was built upon Kahn's (1976) and (Clements & Keyser, 1983). The study focused on the syllable structure of Kikamba Nouns. The study employed descriptive research design. A sample size of 50 participants was used as respondents in the study. Purposive sampling was used to identify the participants. The data was collected through natural observation and interviews. The data was analyzed qualitatively. The study found that the syllable structure of Kikamba nouns has four syllable structures, that is, CV, V, CV and CCV. This study makes significant contribution to theoretical studies of phonetics and phonology by exploring how the phonotactic constraints in Kikamba language lead to organization of words. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-the-syllable-structure-of-kikamba-nouns/ Dorcas Minoo Kimongo, Dr. Anashia Nancy Ong’onda https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/64IJELS-110202039-Ananalysis.pdf This paper analyses the role of context in the meaning and interpretation of Gîkûyû idiomatic expressions. The paper is based on the premise that the polylexemic nature of an idiom makes it unamendable to structural manipulation and that meaning is context based. This makes it to constitute a linguistic phenomenon that has proved to be problematic to linguistic theory. This paper applied the relevance theory by Wilson and Sperber (1986/1995). To achieve the objective of the study, the study employed a descriptive research design. The target population was 50 native speakers of Gîkûyû language from Ndeiya Sub-county, Kiambu County aged 60 years and above. The participants were sampled using purpose and quota sampling. The study analyzed 100 idioms. The research instruments included interview schedule and focus group discussions. Data was analyzed qualitatively where the idioms were grouped basing on content and themes. The findings of the study reveal that the structure of Gikuyu idioms is unique and the meaning of idiomatic idioms is context dependent. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-the-role-of-context-in-meaning-and-interpretation-of-g-k-y-idioms/ Peter Ngugi, Dr. Anashia Nancy Ong’onda https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/65IJELS-110202040-AnAnalysis.pdf The impact of coronavirus on the Nigerian society cannot be over-emphasized. The Nigerian economy and education are the two most important sectors that have been greatly impacted by the pandemic. Since most Nigerians rely on the informal sector for their sustenance, the government shorting down the economy meant extreme poverty for most families. More importantly, school closure due to the pandemic also means more Nigerian children, especially the poor and those that reside in the rural communities would be deprived of education, since they would not have access to the modern form of IT based e-learning. This digital divide means children from lower socio- income background would be left behind in education and may lack the necessary skills to stay ahead in the future, due to the absence of a national government policy on ways of tackling the disruption to education due to Covid-19 pandemic. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-covid-19-on-society-economics-and-education-of-nigeria/ Gbenemene Kpae https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/66IJELS-110202049-Impactof.pdf This study inquired into the educational management strategies that generate best possible outcomes with a given amount of resources. It birthed from the need to attempt solution to the apparent inefficiencies that characterize educational institutions in Cameroon and in other countries in the world. Attention was on secondary education. The research adopted the survey design, specifically the qualitative method. The simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 13, from a total of 18 secondary schools—public and private of the English sub-system of education that consistently scored high (above 95%) in the Cameroon General Certificate of Education (GCE) Examination—Ordinary and Advance Levels during the years 2012 to 2016. Research data was collected through in-depth interviews held with the heads of the sampled institutions; interest was the resource management strategies that placed schools in the academic spotlight notwithstanding the general insufficiency of resources. Responses were analysed using the process of thematic analysis, with leaning on positivism. The process was facilitated by the use of Atlas Ti 5.2 (Atlas Ti GMBH 2006). Findings revealed a number of complementary strategies employed by the schools studied, including focus on essential curricula, presence of articulated mission and focused vision, close instructional supervision, prioritizing only essential expenditures in the school budget and strict control and demand for accountability. The researcher proposed for decisions on education and school management to factor in the need to clearly define the mission and vision for education/school, revise and adapt the curriculum to current needs and scale down the number of subjects, channel effort and resources to the learning of essential curricula, provide more instructional supervisory support to teachers, etc. https://ijels.com/detail/budget-constraints-and-the-management-of-education-credits-in-cameroon-pathways-to-efficiency-and-sustainability/ Prosper Mbelle Mekolle https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/67IJELS-110202042-Budget.pdf