https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usAugust 6 background: water is a crucial element to uphold the existence of human beings, food production, organism, and economic growth. The wastewater treatment system in the city of semarang almost completely implements an on-site system in which every house has its own treatment facility in the form of a septic tank. Aim of this study is to find out the management system of the communal wastewater and its chemical and biological features.Method: the study topic about domestic wastewater treatment plan in semarang city which include simpang lima presented in kpp gunung asri i (rw ix, rt 0i), kpp gunung asri ii (rw ix, rt 04) and kpp cempaka (rw xiii, rt 06) using geospatial data. Variables in this study are, chemical (ph, bod, cod), and biological (e-coli) parameters. Statistical analysis spss and excel to display percentages and graphs.Result: the lowest tds is in inlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 152 ppm while the highest is middle samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 1114 ppm. The lowest turbidity is in outlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 8.2 ntu while the highest is inlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 159 ntu. The lowest ph is in inlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 7.02 while the highest is outlet samples taken from kpp cempaka which is 7.46. The lowest tss is in outlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 185 while the highest is middle samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 299. The lowest cod is in outlet samples taken from kpp cempaka which is 133.3 while the highest is inlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 1203.3. The lowest bod is in outlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 70.2677 while the highest is inlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 373.023. The lowest e-coli is in outlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i and kpp cempaka which is 0 while the highest is middle samples taken from kpp gunung asri i which is 6400.Conclusion: the worst quality of wastewater is in inlet samples taken from kpp gunung asri i. https://ijels.com/detail/comparison-among-three-domestic-wastewater-treatment-plan-in-semarang-city/ Hasan Ali M Ali, Dr. Ing. Sudarno https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-106202014-Comparison.pdf Ecofeminism fuses ecology and feminism into one and seeks to draw parallels between the exploitation of the environment and the exploitation of women. It believes that the earth is interconnected, and nature does not recognize human boundaries. It holds that one of the reasons for the destruction of the Earth is that patriarchy only values the masculine traits of conquering and dominance and devalues the ‘feminine’ traits of life-giving and nurturing. The patriarchal culture has been habitual to see women and nature as ‘objects’. https://ijels.com/detail/ecofeminism-exploitation-of-women-and-nature/ Dr. Tasneem Anjum https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-10720206-Ecofeminism.pdf A chairperson of Infosys, member of public health care initiatives of the Gates Foundation, a philanthropist who has been honored by Padamshri Award is Mrs SudhaMurty. ‘Three thousand stitches’ was published in 2017, this book consists of eleven stories. Her personal experiences and her works are woven in these stories.Devdasi culture existed sometimein the 7th c, in the reigns of Cholas’s and Pandas. Those so called devdasi were ignorant of their future, they were left out with the acceptance of their sufferings and their belief in their Goddess, but their ignorant firm belief that Goddess will protect them became true with the entrance of SudhaMurty into their world. SudhaMurty in this brief autobiography is concerned only with those incidents and experiences in her life that has helped to develop her personality, and a thought process. A strategy was made long before in her mind and implemented later in life. https://ijels.com/detail/sudha-murty-s-three-thousand-stitches-a-chronicle-of-social-reformations/ Dr. Vanshree Godbole https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-10720208-Sudha.pdf This study investigates the role of affective factors in language education. Specifically, it studies the influence of anxiety on EFL learning. It examines students’ speaking and test anxieties and whether it prevents them from engaging in the classroom communication activities or not. The study was carried out in a Moroccan EFL class. Twenty students participated in the study. They answered a closed-ended lickert-scale questionnaire that gathered data about the target phenomenon. The results showed that students’ level and feeling of anxiety differed from an educational and instructional situation to another. They also showed that most Moroccan EFL students have low anxiety levels and feelings towards English, because their attitudes towards it are generally positive. https://ijels.com/detail/affective-factors-in-foreign-language-education-the-role-of-anxiety/ Rachid Elkhayma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-10720203-Affective.pdf Literation is an important concern in current Indonesian education, where the level of literacy in Indonesia is considered low and has not been internalized in the daily life. The problem experienced by students in Indonesia is the interests and habits of reading, writing, listening and low critical thinking. While, Indonesia's literacy rating in the world is also very low. This research aims to know how to integrate information literacy in the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) and Indonesian language learning process in junior high school. The method used in this study was a case study with a qualitative approach. Research conducted in state Junior High School 1 Cilacap, Indonesia. The data collection techniques used consist of observations, interviews and documentation. The results showed that SMP Negeri 1 Cilacap has integrated information literacy in every subject, including Bahasa Indonesia. Information literacy has integrated from the learning plan, the learning process in class, and assessment. https://ijels.com/detail/literation-information-in-learning-indonesian-language-in-the-junior-high-school-case-study-in-smpn-1-cilacap-indonesia/ Diardana Prima Sintasari, Andayani, Sarwiji Suwandi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-106202038-Literation.pdf The purpose of this article is to highlight some collaborations that psychoanalytic literature offers for the issue of foster family for children and adolescents. Taking as a starting point the conceptualization of family according to the theories of John Bowlby and Winnicott and their description of the infantile psychism and attachment. Foster family is seen as a qualified alternative to institutionalization, so that psychological monitoring is necessary during this period. Psychoanalysis brings several advances in the area of the reconstruction of the family psyche with the arrival of a new member. We also observe the work of interpreting the individual fantasies of each member of the family about what it means to temporarily foster a child or adolescent and then be able to establish the role and significance of the new family in the life of the recent member and vice versa. https://ijels.com/detail/psychoanalytic-contributions-to-the-monitoring-of-foster-families-a-literature-review/ Yasmine Rocha Martins https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-106202044-Psychoanalytic.pdf By means of the documentary analysis method, the paper reviewed domestic and foreign multimodal translation studies systemically. It found that film translation had received the most attention, followed by translation of illustrated texts, advertisement translation and literary translation. Apart from the four topics, multimodal translation studies in other fields were rare. Based on the research status of multimodal translation, the authors believe that present researches still need to be deepen and new areas are worthy of exploration. It is anticipated that scholars responsible for future multimodal translation studies could define “multimodal translation” and its research content, expand its research subject into other fields, and strengthen its theoretical construction, with a view to broadening and deepening multimodal translation studies. https://ijels.com/detail/a-review-of-research-on-multimodal-translation/ Yan Qian, Tian Chuanmao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-106202046-AReviewof.pdf For an effectualness operating of a business concern, working capital plays a vital role as a life blood of organization. I even have created efforts during this paper to review the varied assets and liabilities elements to find out the outcome of working capital management policies on profit of BSE/ NSE listed steel corporations of India. This study is predicated on secondary information collected from annual reports of various steel corporations for the year 2009 to 2016. During the study of this paper I have used ratio analysis technique to investigate and interpret the data, to spot the considerable effects of current assets and current liabilities management on the profit. The management of assets is important because it may enforce an, on the spot impact on profit and liquidity. Within the study, six private and public sector steel corporations operative in India have been hand-picked. https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparative-study-of-working-capital-management-of-steel-companies-in-india/ K. K. Vyas, Rajani Bora https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-10720202-AComparative.pdf Feminist criticism studies the ways in which literature enhances the economic, political, social and psychological oppression of women. Patriarchy describes the power relationships between men and women. Although the majority of the existing literature spots the light on the issue of violence against women, violence against men is also a key feature of patriarchy. This paper aims at exploring how patriarchy systems not only oppress women but men also are oppressed in patriarchal societies. With relevance to male characters of Nineteen Eighty-Four, by George Orwell. It is a political satirical dystopian science fiction novel, which has become universally recognized as Orwell’s seminal work. The citizens of Oceania in the novel are under complete control of the totalitarian government. This paper will not go through Orwell’s characteristics of a totalitarian state, but it is a study of how patriarchy system oppresses Winston; who symbolizes all men in society who are suffering from under patriarchal governments and comes to a conclusion that Winston is feminine in certain cases in his society. https://ijels.com/detail/male-is-feminine-under-patriarchal-governments-male-characters-of-1984-by-george-orwell/ Rania Khelifa Chelihi, Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-112201924-Maleis.pdf No one doubts the importance of songs in motivating students to learn foreign languages. Research shows that songs are very effective teaching tools. Because of being both educating and entertaining authentic materials, songs inclusion as an essential part of the syllabus has become a must in the learning-teaching process. In this respect, this article is threefold. It aims at raising the teachers’ awareness to the effectiveness of songs as one of the most successful teaching components. It also suggests some tried and tested ways to present them. Most importantly, the paper highlights the interrelationship between teaching songs and developing the four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. https://ijels.com/detail/the-use-of-music-and-songs-in-developing-the-four-skills/ Abderrazak EL Kemma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-107202017-Theuse.pdf This article intends to study two contrasting notions: borders and beyond the borders in relation to the issue of justice. Formation of a just society is possible with abolition of practice of the concept of partiality or discrimination of any sort. The central claim of this article is that cosmopolitan justice has a reverse relation to nationalist justice; the former is the justice without borders whereas the latter is the justice within borders. Justice presents a conception of just society that humans desire to achieve. Justice can be perceived in two different scenarios: justice in nationalism and justice in cosmopolitanism. Justice in nationalism is justice within borders whereas cosmopolitan justice is Justice without borders. This article discusses how cosmopolitan justice can transcend the borders of time and space of nationalism and how it creates and maintains cosmopolitan egalitarian commitments. It also discusses on how nationalist justice creates borders and considers the compatriots closer, bearing the feeling of special ties, obligations and commitments. Cosmopolitanism - an ideal - emphasizing on humanity and individualism, does not believe in the partial justice; it focuses in equality and impartiality. Justice, in nationalism, is quite differently understood and applied. Nationalism creates borders between the compatriots and non-compatriots and concern and treatment to the compatriots is nearer and dearer to non-compatriots. https://ijels.com/detail/justice-within-borders-versus-justice-without-borders/ Pradeep Kumar Giri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-107202023-Justice.pdf Feminist writings were of crucial interest to the post-colonial discourse for the reasons first both patriarchy and imperialism could be seen to exert different forms of domination over those subordinates to them. So it was important for the experiences of women under the patriarchal influence to come out to the forefront and expose the under cruelty be held on them by men. We observe that women continued to define the borders of the community, class, and race. They tried to exert feminism through their works. These women writers have given us an honest picture of women in family, social relationships, and traditions. Bapsi Sidhwa has made a genuine contribution to feminist literature. Her novels are an amalgam of confliction and convictions, sensibilities and dignity that belong to the historical, political, socio-cultural arena of the Indian Subcontinent. Sidhwa’s novel 'water' brings to the light the age-old customs that victimise women. The subject of the novel is controversial and complex. It is about the plight of widows in 19305 India. It is with this spirit the present research paper has been prepared. As a scriptwriter of 'water'. Bapsi Sidhwa exposes the inherent indifference, fatalism, and violence latent in orthodox Hinduism. https://ijels.com/detail/bapsi-sidhwa-s-water-pangs-of-widowhood/ Dr. Veena R. Ilame https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-10720201-Bapsi.pdf Sarojini Naidu is one of the main characters in pre-independence English Indian poetry. She is known by the sobriquet 'The Nightingale of India'. Her first collection of poems entitled 'The Golden Threshold' appeared in 1905. Her second poetry collection 'The Bird of Time' was published in 1912 and his latest poetry collection 'The Broken Wing' was published in 1917. All collections of the above lyrics were published in 1943 in one volume titled 'The Sceptred Flute'. Besides, several of her poems were written in the last decade of her life and published posthumously under the title, 'Feathers of the Dawn' (1961). One of the main themes of Sarojini Naidu's poetry is the theme of the people because she has succeeded in offering diverse images of the lives of Indian people and their various life backgrounds and people's verdicts, traditions, and life habits. This paper intends to highlight the theme of the people as reflected in Sarojini Naidu's poetry. https://ijels.com/detail/the-folk-leitmotif-in-the-poetry-of-sarojini-naidu/ Dr Veena Ilame https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-107202016-TheFolk.pdf The author desire to present a contribution to think the actual reality, such it is feasible to apprehend it come from the scientific knowledge at present time; for the author it is not enough to do a critical on aspects or specific points of that reality, but is an urgent problem to re-think the thought that produced that reality; so, it is not enough criticize the effects but the cause. In this way for a critical on the woman situation in the actual context it is necessary, at first, to construct concepts, categories and elements of philosophical thought that meet the specificities of feminine thinking. So, for a critical on that reality we have to face the basis of the thought that produced it, this basis is found in the Metaphysic, thence is indispensable to comprehend the Metaphysic from its begin, what the reason for its creation, its delimitation and, as well, the failure of the critical to the metaphysical thought. At long last, the author advocates the thesis that only changing de metaphysical basis, we will have the possibility to change the apprehension of the reality to put a new reality for a Neo-Modernity. https://ijels.com/detail/a-metaphysics-for-a-neo-modernity-beyond-the-feminine-and-the-masculine-the-humanity/ Alfredo de Oliveira Moraes https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-107202012-AMetaphysics.pdf This study is a literary work that has the intention to analyze the conceptual metaphor containing in Lang Leav’s poetry through cognitive semantic theory. Lang Leav’s poetry is one of the popular poetries which contents are interesting and relevant to the lives of this era. In this study, the author analyzes the conceptual metaphor in this poetry by applying the main theories of cognitive semantic developed by Evans & Green (2006), conceptual metaphor by Lakoff & Johnson (2008), and image schema analysis by Croft et al., (2004). The qualitative descriptive approach is applied in this study to analyze the data. The data are taken from the collection of poetry books that have been published by Lang Leav’s, which are memories, lullabies, universe of us, and love and misadventure. The result of this analysis reveals that, based on the conceptual metaphor, there are structural metaphors, orientational metaphors, and ontological metaphors occurring in the data. Furthermore, the kinds of image schema that appear are the identity, existence, container, and space schema. https://ijels.com/detail/a-cognitive-semantic-analysis-of-conceptual-metaphor-in-lang-leav-s-poetry/ Desy Riana Pratiwi, Eva Tuckyta Sari Sujatna, Lia Maulia Indrayani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-10720205-ACognitive.pdf Nineteenth century English novel and the British colonial history share a very special relationship. Though mostly the novels of this period played an important role in constructing the ideology that helped the process of imperialism start and retain, the interaction among different agencies regarding colonial project in any particular novel is very complicated. The paper seeks to re-read the first written but posthumously published novel by Charlotte Bronte, The Professor. Though on the surface The Professor seems to be an innocent love story, a contrapuntal reading unveils the apparent or latent references to colonialism in it. Though in this novel imperial power Belgium plays a great role, direct or indirect references to British colonies are also there. In fact the exploration of Belgian Colonial power seems to be an oblique mode of dealing with British Empire. Rereading The Professor with an awareness of colonial history can be helpful in the understanding of the subtle hegemonic working of the neo-colonisation of the present time. https://ijels.com/detail/an-extra-european-reader-s-rereading-of-the-professor/ Sharmin Sultana https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-107202010-AnExtra.pdf It is the often case that, in the era of modernization, a rich and extensive literature has been written since evolving in the form of time. Symbolism plays a role, an important condition in all areas of human life that has been respected since the origin of the Bible and other scriptures. Orthodox scriptures, verdicts and Buddhas pave the way for the true spirit of unshakable natural science in the eastern world. Nature has a strong wilderness in ordinary human life. This combines all the essential fulfilment of life. Every strange metaphor forms a regime from living memories. Therefore, this effort examines the habitual participation of loving souls in nature with every true aspect of modernization to gradually regulate the time torn apart. https://ijels.com/detail/the-symbolism-and-imagery-in-housman-s-poetry-with-special-reference-to-by-rue-my-heart-is-ladden/ Dr Veena Ilame https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-107202015-TheSymbolism.pdf The present study investigates the effectiveness of using songs in improving the listening comprehension skills of young learners in primary cycles. To address thisissue, an experimental research study was carried out. Atotal of 80 young learners of English as-a-foreign language (EFL) participated in the study. Data were collected through administering a structured interview with English language teachers, pre-tests and post-tests, and a questionnaire that assesses young learners` attitudes towards using songs. The results demonstrate that there are numerous factors that hinder the improvement of young learners` listening comprehension.However, the use of songs helped learners to develop their listening skill.The study concludes that most of the young learners enjoyed and appreciated learning English through listening to songs. Implications for teaching and further research are discussed. https://ijels.com/detail/using-english-songs-to-improve-young-learners-listening-comprehension/ Abeer Abou Ali https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-107202021-UsingEnglish.pdf English schwa, a short vowel with mid-central quality, is absent in phonological system of Muna language. When a sound does not exist in one language, the speaker of the language tends to replace the sound with another similar sound, or eliminate the sound, or add a sound to make it possible to realize. Hence, in Muna language, there are only five vowels without varying long and short vowels, while there are 20 phonetic vowel symbols in Received Pronunciation and 16 in General American. Thus, this study attempts to investigate the realization of English schwa, a vowel which does not exist in Muna Language, by Muna Language speaker and the environment causing it. The speaker of Muna Language reading some words in sentences containing schwa is recorded. The data procured are analyzed by Praat, a freeware program for the analysis and reconstruction of acoustic speech signals. The findings are expected to be shown to some extend that firstly, some words containing English schwa are interpreted to certain vowel in Muna Language which is considered as a close counterpart of this short mid-central vowel (schwa) by the speaker. Secondly, the speaker tends to eliminate the sound to avoid mispronounce schwa that does not exist in Muna Language. All the findings could be taken into consideration when teaching English the speakers of language which does not have mid-central vowel or schwa in their language phonetic system. It highlights the importance of associating in teaching English phonemes, especially vowels, which might enhance the learners’ realization of English schwa sound as it appears in actual words. https://ijels.com/detail/a-case-study-of-english-schwa-realization-by-muna-language-speaker/ Lia Maulia Indrayani, Intan Siti Nugraha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-107202011-ACase.pdf The current paper reviewed the writing section of IELTS. Writing module of IELTS is a test with good face validity. Issues like developing the test content, elicitation of writing samples from the test takers, assessing those writing properly and many other factors are involved in the entire process of IELTS writing test (Mickan, 2003). While developing the test content, a test developer needs to ensure that the content is suitable for the test takers. This test also demands well-trained markers and focused testing of the writing skill. The study reviewed the different significant aspects of the validity and reliability of IELTS writing test. Finally, some recommendations and suggestions were provided to increase the validity and reliability in a more credible way. https://ijels.com/detail/a-probe-into-the-different-aspects-of-validity-and-reliability-of-ielts-writing-test/ Hosne Al Noor https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-106202047-AProbe.pdf This research was aimed at determining the best fit model of work engagement of non-commissioned police officers of Zamboanga del Norte. Specifically, it established the interrelationship among emotional intelligence, self-esteem and safety management of non-commissioned police officers in Zamboanga del Norte. This study used quantitative research design and structural equation model. The data were collected from 400 non-commissioned police officers presently assigned in the province of Zamboanga del Norte. Findings revealed that the level of emotional intelligence, self-esteem, work engagement were high and very high for safety management. Results also revealed that there were significant relationship between emotional intelligence and work engagement, self-esteem and work engagement, safety management and work engagement. Moreover, emotional intelligence, self-esteem and safety management are predictors of work engagement. Likewise, work engagement is best anchored on emotional intelligence which signifying that the extent of emotional intelligence could mean higher of work engagement. Additionally, articulated the latent variable safety management representing the measured variables administration, accountability, facilities/equipment/materials problems and employees as the best fit model for work engagement of non-commissioned police officer. https://ijels.com/detail/structural-equation-model-on-work-engagement-of-non-commissioned-police-officers/ Rogelio A. Lovina, Rinante L. Genuba, Leo C. Naparota https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-107202014-Structural.pdf Henrik Ibsen known as the father of modern drama, famously shifted the focus from the mighty settings of kings, wars, nobility in drama to the common folk bourgeois. His most noted work A Doll’s House when first appeared in the theatres in 1879, was like a whirlwind of feminist questions in the society, it deepened the understanding of issues in people’s minds then, and is still considered one of the most valiant plays in the contemporary times due to the voice of women and radical steps asserted in the play. https://ijels.com/detail/shift-in-the-role-of-women-in-the-society-through-the-lens-of-a-doll-s-house-by-henrik-ibsen/ Dr. Swati Charan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-107202019-Shiftin.pdf This research paper aims to prove that English was introduced in India for Indian Christians, and it is a Christian tongue, which is used as a spiritual language for the spiritual growth in many Indian churches. On the other hand, Indian Christian claim, it as their mother tongue rather than Anglo-Indians who boast that it is their mother tongue even though most of the Anglo-Indians do not know how to speak proper English. The Blueprint of English Education was framed by Evangelical Anglicans who wanted to impart Western Education through the medium of English in India for the sake of social reformation through proselytization of barbarian Hindus. In the present scenario, Indian Christians spreading Indian languages and preventing convertees from preaching in English still Indian Christians are three per cent of Indian Population. English and English Education system both were introduced in India for Indian Christians who are the natives of India professing any form of the Christian faith who are progenies of the convertees and such converts. In the present scenario, there are several Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Srilankan, Burmese, and Indian Christians who have made English as their Spiritual and first acquired Language and they use it as their mother tongue and spiritual language, and thus it has been their tongue since the period of the British Raj. https://ijels.com/detail/indian-english-as-the-tongue-of-indian-christians/ Dr. Veena R. Ilame https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-107202028-IndianEnglish.pdf This Research paper aims at investigating the English language as an instrument for the Dalit Emancipation and liberation being a passport to Dalit’s liberation from ignorance and exploitation. English is regarded as a deity by some Dalits in India since it opened the door of Education for them. It is an instrument to strengthen National Integrity in the Indian Subcontinent. Dr Ambedkar called English as milk of a lioness. One, who drinks it, can roar. In Banka Dalits installed village (UP) of Lakhimpur Kheri district a statue of Goddess English in a single-story temple. As India is facing a unique and historic opportunity of having 700 million people of working age population by 2022, we must capitalise on this demographic shift and empower our youth with the right kind of skills. The world economy will witness a skilled workforce shortage to the extent of 56 million by 2020. Dalits can play a significant role by learning the English language and employability skills to provide global human capital to the world economy. https://ijels.com/detail/the-english-language-as-an-instrument-of-dalit-emancipation/ Dr. Veena R. Ilame https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-107202035-TheEnglish.pdf From the very beginning of its creation, Lady Chatterley’s Lover, D.H.Lawrence’s last and most popular novel, was surrounded by controversy as the detailed descriptions of the sexual act and the uncompromising use of four-letter words earned the novel a reputation for pornography. The present article argues that the writer’s intention, when writing this novel, was to provide his readers not with pseudo-sensual easy going fiction but with a work of art which would encapsulate the core of his metaphysical theories namely his commitment to the privileging of the body and his ardent belief that the regeneration of the human being can only come through the physical and spiritual union with the other sex. The article focuses on the way Lawrence has chosen to dramatize these concepts a) by constructing a new feminine midentity, through the delineation of the character of Connie Chatterley and b) by giving prominence to the transformative power of love. It also explores how the use of “obscene” words in his work becomes a live manifestation of his conviction that the human language should dare to express the dictates of the body without any fear or prejudice. https://ijels.com/detail/the-reclaim-of-womanhood-and-the-revealing-union-of-the-sexes-in-d-h-lawrence-s-lady-chatterley-s-lover/ Dr. Nina Haritatou https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-107202025-Thereclaim.pdf The study discusses the concept of resistance in Al-Ramli’s Dates on My Fingers and Scattered Crumbs through the lens of Michel Foucault's theory of power. Resistance is an important component in Michel Foucault’s philosophy and plays a key role in his analysis of power. Foucault was keen to make the concept of resistance inherent to the concept of power. Since resistance cannot manage without power. As stated in his book History of Sexuality, Foucault writes "Where there is power, there is resistance and yet, or rather consequently, this resistance is never in a position of exteriority in relation to power" (Foucault,1978, p. 95). The study concluded that there are three different kinds of resistance; tactical reversal in which the resistance is directed by the people against the regime by the adoption of nonviolent activities through for instance disobedience, political revolutions, rebellions, demonstrations, hunger strikes, and the sewing eyes, lips or ears. The second form of resistance is the aesthetics of existence refers to the adoption of the works of arts to resist tyrannical laws and norms. The third form of resistance is violent resistance. The paper also highlights the political oppression and helplessness of the Iraqi people and how the power is abused and utilized by Saddam Hussein's regime for his affairs. https://ijels.com/detail/the-exploration-of-resistance-in-al-ramli-s-dates-on-my-fingers-and-scattered-crumbs/ Saad Zaati Shamkhy, Lajiman Bin Janoory https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-107202042-TheExploration.pdf At present, English plays a key role in the world and it is known as an international language which enables people to connect all around the world and English can be called as a global language because it is helpful in the processes of globalization. As English has played an indispensable role in global communication, it is essential for English language users, both native and non-native, to use clear, comprehensible and educated English that allows smooth communication and avoids misunderstandings in social interactions. Hence, pragmatic competence can facilitate language users to successfully achieve their communicative aims in intercultural communication. Consequently, pragmatic elements have noticeable roles in communication between speakers because such elements can hinder inaccuracies and misunderstandings during communication. This paper discusses pragmatics as a branch of linguistics and its significant role in learning English as a second and a foreign language. In pragmatics, meaning in communication can be classified into two elements; verbal and nonverbal. This classification depends on the contexts, relationship between utterers, and social factors. Teachers should teach pragmatic competence in second language English classes through different activities and tasks. https://ijels.com/detail/the-necessity-of-teaching-pragmatics-in-the-iraqi-efl-context-focus-on-secondary-schools/ Ahmed Ibrahim Elttayef Al-Abdali, Dr. Mahendran Maniam https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-107202043-TheNecessity.pdf The present study aimed to analyze the describing a successful female school principal leadership at Senior High School 1 Trawas Mojokerto. This study used a qualitative approach with a multi-site study type. The data collection technique conducted using an in-depth interview, participant observation, and documentation. The analysis stages of the data consisted of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion making. The data validity check has conducted through credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability of the data. Based on the research result, it can conclude that: (1) The leadership of female school principals in Senior High School 1 Trawas Mojokerto in improving the school achievement-oriented to the leadership style of the task behavioral dimension in a democratic, participatory, and distributed manner. A gender stereotype of a woman tells that people who take part in the domestic sector makes them accustomed to performing their duties and responsibilities timely. Based on this theory, the female school principal of Senior High School 1 Trawas Mojokerto played a vital role in the improvement of a favorable attitude to the duties and responsibilities of the teachers and administrative staff, which include discipline, work atmosphere, proposed regulations, and procedures, so that, it can motivate teachers to improve their performance; (2) The leadership of the female school principal highly give a positive influence on teacher work motivation. (3) The principal always gives motivation to teachers continuously related to the teacher's enthusiasm for work, responsibility, and recognition of success for teachers who have done an excellent job; (4) Efforts of principals in motivating teachers to improve their work will have an impact on the quality of student learning. https://ijels.com/detail/a-successful-female-school-principal-leadership-at-senior-high-school-1-trawas-mojokerto-east-java/ Rino Indaru kuswemi, Muchlas samani, Ahmad Sonhadji https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-107202026-ASuccessful.pdf Tang poetry, a treasure of Chinese historical and cultural heritage, represents the highest level of classical Chinese poetry. As one of the famous representatives of Tang poetry, Li Bai’s poetry has great poetic and aesthetic value. The translation of Li Bai’s poetry catches much importance amid the "Chinese culture going global" and cultural self-confidence. This article takes Dr. Wang Feng’s “Three-Level Poetry Translation Criteria” as the theoretical basis, and analyses six English translations of Li Bai's "Six Poems of Border Tune" (No. 1). Based on these analyses, the authors aim to demonstrate that the theory is reasonable and feasible, which provides references and suggestions for the translation studies of Li Bai’s poetry in the future. https://ijels.com/detail/on-the-english-translation-of-li-bai-s-six-poems-of-border-tune-no-1-under-the-three-level-poetry-translation-criteria/ Feng Tingting, Wang Feng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-107202029-Onthe.pdf As an important method complementary to traditional teaching methods, online teaching has become an indispensable way for students to acquire knowledge freely, regardless of time and place. The teaching methods applied in university courses are more flexible and diverse nowadays, and the flipped classroom is one of the frequently chosen among other commonly used methods for teachers. Compared with the traditional methods, flipped classroom has some prominent advantages. It can greatly mobilize the students' enthusiasm for learning, and prompt everyone to think and learn actively. However, due to the online teaching method, the flipped classroom teaching method also has certain defects. https://ijels.com/detail/flipped-classroom-for-online-teaching-at-colleges/ Nianliang Ding https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-107202037-Flipped.pdf The aliveness of nonexistent persons and their associations to those who exist are the themes that are dealt with in Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day. The present study endeavours to pass through the consequences of time in the spheres of familiar and familial life. The history of the nation puts a collateral impact on the story of the characters of the novel. In Clear Light of Day, it is pictured that the Partition Movement and communal rioting of the nation coincidentally dissipate the Das family. The only person who has stayed home is Bim who has nursed her memories and grudges, but who had been left behind by all who chose the exit doors and ultimately, she lets go of her resentments by finding the strength of bondage in herself for her siblings and relatives. Her house is the embodiment of kinship and love and she fosters this sort of appreciation all through her life in a metaphorical way. Eventually, time as a preserver emerges as triumphant and time as a destroyer is pushed into the background. Time, the Preserver, unites the family and the essential bonding of the members persists finally. https://ijels.com/detail/bondage-of-time-and-human-bondage-in-anita-desai-s-clear-light-of-day/ Srabani Mallik https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-107202047-Bondage.pdf The article is based on the autobiographical poem of Kamal Das, and attempts to express the pain, dominance, societal pressure and dominance from the point of view of a woman. The article attempts to describe the sacrifice and questioning of ones’ identity caused by the pressure and the so-called norms and rules of the society enforced upon individual, to an extent that one forgets themselves, and dies within. https://ijels.com/detail/an-introduction-societal-dominance-from-her-eye/ Akshara Gera https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-107202038-AnIntroduction.pdf Jean-Paul Sartre’s Nausea breaks stereotypical assumptions about the semantics of novel formation in multiple ways. An introspective narrative which deals with strong incidences of uncanny experiences that the protagonist terms as “nausea”, it is a true “writerly” novel. Roquentin is a character that challenges the boundaries of the socially accepted norms of sanity at every step. His diary entries are in many ways the best possible way of understanding his disturbed self, and may be comprehended as confessional writing, making the novel as much a psychological novel as philosophical. The paper uses the praxis of Psychiatry, particularly the diagnostic criteria of Borderline Personality Disorder to unravel the aporia that Antoine Roquetin in particular and modern man in general poses. https://ijels.com/detail/sane-or-insane-a-psychoanalytic-study-of-antoine-roquentin/ Vandana Pathak, Dr. Veerendra Kumar Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-107202027-Sane.pdf Online learning and training are probably here to stay in the current Covid 19 situation and in the foreseeable future and we have to be at least prepared with a crisis intervention plan to be viable and sustain our normal way of learning and training, moving forward. We are able to use a variety of approaches to address these present and serious needs to keep on learning and training as best as we can. Thus we have to overcome our fear of the online mode of learning and training we have not being used to all along till the pandemic struck beginning of 2020 and a crisis intervention plan to manage the fear should be in order too to give us the confidence to carry on with our lives in a new normal the world over. This presentation is one such attempt to do just that. https://ijels.com/detail/a-qualitative-study-of-online-learning-and-a-crisis-intervention-plan-for-training-in-the-covid-19-situation/ Dr. Siva Mahendran https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-107202018-AQualitative.pdf Nowadays social media has penetrated into people’s daily life playing an important role. Whether through tools such as computers, mobile phones, or other network terminals, social media has become one of the indispensable elements of human society. With information technology rapidly increasing, visual languages become more important in social media. The various semiotic resources such as language, image, better convey the message. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) within the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as its theoretical bases, this study sought to provide insight into the perspective of family relationships as represented in social media in Kenya during the Covid 19 Containment interventions. Specifically, the paper sought to analyse the interactive meaning constructed in linguistic mode, analyse how the interactive meaning facilitated in visual mode and lastly how the linguistic and visual modes combined to construct the interactive meaning. Using theoretical sampling, twenty-eight (28) texts were sampled from the internet and whatsup groups then described, analysed and explained within the CDA and MDA approaches with a view to identify the perspectives on family relationships as expressed in the Covid 19 social media discourses. The findings revealed the following family issues, poverty, strained couple relationships, domestic violence, spouse cheating, spousal mobile phone snooping, constrained family finances, challenges of parenting, couple dominance and power struggle, family unity and issues to do with conjugal right and child bearing. https://ijels.com/detail/a-discursive-analysis-of-the-interactive-meaning-in-covid-19-containment-discourses-in-social-media-perspectives-on-family-relationships/ Margaret Nasambu Barasa, Vicky Inviolata Khasanda, George Nyandoro https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-105202023-ADiscursive.pdf This research paper aims to investigate the soteriological and Christological elements in the religious poem, The Temple composed by George Herbert with the particular reference to the Biblical doctrine of Atonement, which is a theological principle belonging to both Christology as it demonstrates the work of Jesus Christ and Soteriology as t consequently salivation, It is possible to believe that the religious poetry of the poet is concerning several Christian doctrines and piety dealing with Anglican Theology. Herbert is a metaphysical poet-priest well known for pastoral sensitivity and sacramental verses, dealing with the principle of sanctification. The Temple is a collection of poems, and the poet won fame and name due to the cycle of poetry, which is a lyrical work, consisting of literary reflections on Christian faith, and doctrines, which is the sphere of Sacramental Theology. The poet focuses rustic elements work of Atonement and its objective and subjective factors in this poetic collection. The major theme in this review is the theological doctrine of the Passion and Sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross of the Calvary for the remission of the Human sins. Besides, the notion of Christ as the second Adam, the significance of the crown of thorn and religious, theological themes is utmost significant as they offer something of worth to the modern Evangelical Anglicans. The Doctrine of Sanctification demonstrates the evangelical priority of the cross and Christ centred doctrines. https://ijels.com/detail/theological-element-in-george-herbert-s-the-temple-with-the-special-reference-to-atonement/ Dr. Veena R. Ilame https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-107202045-Theological.pdf This research paper aims to analyse George Herbert’s “The Alter”, and its form and they would be discussed concerning its content. Then the article asserts that, while being a visual poem, it is one of the crucial poems composed by the poet in which tropes are exploited with the rest of the forms such as the employment of Metre, Capitalisation and rhymes, strengthening the overall message that poem conveys. George Herbert’s The Altar can be seen as just an altar - a quirky form. Nonetheless, that Reading fails to consider how the structure of the poem elevates the meaning of sacrifice. The sacrifice upon the Altar is a sacrifice of the poem (and, in extension, the poet himself). This is a poem that, above all, advocates the total surrender of oneself to a higher deity, no matter how broken that person is. https://ijels.com/detail/critical-exploration-of-the-various-forms-in-george-herbert-s-the-altar/ Dr. Veena R. Ilame https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IEJLS-107202054-Critical.pdf This research paper aims at attempting to contextualisation the ambivalent erotic elements in George Herbert’s Poetry within a theological account of the problem of the language-one consistent with exegetical writings of St. Augustine. It is this that, at the heart of the argument, is a hermeneutics of Faith that links the corporeality of human language to a theology of the human body as a sacrament. Reformative theology had positively identified God’s redemptive purposes in human corporeality; for God had created the body in His image, assumed and suffered it through His son, Jesus Christ, and now dwells in it in the form of the Holy Spirit. It can be seen that drawn on the literal meaning of the book of Genesis and the Song of Songs in the Holy Bible; Incarnation Theology possibly asserted an early Eros that redeemed by Grace. It is true that it is not purging, nevertheless the eradicable presence of the guilt that marks a reaction to the text purely. Incapable of redemption prelapsarian sexuality without feelings of shame, the language embodies a tainted consciousness that can merely be transcended by the Grace of Divine revelation. https://ijels.com/detail/erotic-element-in-george-herbert-s-sacramental-poetics/ Dr. Veena R. Ilame https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-107202048-Erotic.pdf This Research paper argues that it can be seen that Herbert as anxious concerning the approach of shaping the best self; the ideal, useful self, and this unattainable goal drives him, even as he was conscious of and utters in his poetics so that paradoxically he is typical already the best self in his perfect state through God's grace. It is this that it has been proposed that the conversation regarding Herbert's poetry should be revised for acknowledging his commitment to defining the contours of acceptable usefulness and productivity. By examining the structure of heart, the place of poetry and the role of work. https://ijels.com/detail/a-critical-study-of-use-alone-usefulness-and-revision-in-george-herbert-s-the-temple/ Dr. Veena R. Ilame https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-107202051-ACritical.pdf The primary object of this paper is to explore the trajectory of the eponymous character Charulata’s journey towards her self-actualisation in Satyajit Ray’s great cinematic masterpiece and compare it to that of the same character in Tagore’s novella Nastanirh on which the movie was based. The paper aims to prove that Charulata, being an important one in all Ray’s films centred on women and their individual perspectives, successfully encapsulates the anguish and desolation of the 19th century Bengali women who strove for breaking free from the shackles of age-old traditions and had to cope with the ensuing adversities all alone. https://ijels.com/detail/the-bird-in-a-gilded-cage-her-trials-and-tribulations-perspectives-on-satyajit-ray-s-charulata/ Bhaswati Bhattacharjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-107202056-TheBird.pdf This study takes three law cases in Indonesia conflicting the powerful and the powerless as the subject of the study. In those cases all the suspects attempted to do counter hegemony to set them free. They employed sympathy as their counter-hegemonic device. Through employing sympathy they successfully break the positive law and gain their freedom. Hence, they succeeded to end the law hegemony which is attempted to exercise upon them. It is very likely that a successful counter hegemony will end in a new born hegemon. It is interesting to find out the possible movement of power among this old hegemon and the new one. Thus, this study is intended to explain this movement among those actors involved in the process of countering hegemony on positive law. https://ijels.com/detail/the-movement-of-power-among-the-actors-involved-in-the-process-of-countering-hegemony-on-indonesian-positive-law/ S. Andika Cahya Ari Wibowo, Dwi Rukmini, Januarius Mujiyanto, Abdurrachman Faridi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-107202041-TheMovement.pdf The present research endeavors to explore how the Afro-American female characters in Alice Walker's, novel, The Color Purple break the boundaries of traditional male or female roles. Typically, it focuses on the struggles of African-American women against the exploitation both by the whites and black men. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the black women’s tragic experiences in a racist society and their struggle for survival and wholeness. The female characters have masculine traits such as activeness, boldness, and physical strength. Sofia’s strength and Shug’s sexual assertiveness and Harpo’s insecurity are major examples of such disparity between the characters’ gender and the traits he or she displays. To analyze how subversion of gender roles sometimes causes problems, the tool taken for the research methodology is feminism or feminist framework. The working hypothesis is to demonstrate how Walker wishes to emphasize that gender and sexuality are not as simple as people believe. Walker subverts and defies the traditional ways in which people understand women to be women and men to be men. She fights against the way black women are receiving two layers of discrimination; one discrimination is for being black and the other for being woman. Walker meticulously sketches the black female characters strong enough to lead their lives. The novelty of the research lies in subverting the orthodox gender roles based on color and sex, and redefining the role of Afro-American women of any color and society. https://ijels.com/detail/resistance-against-marginalization-of-afro-american-women-in-alice-walker-s-the-color-purple/ Bimal Kishore Shrivastwa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-107202044-Resistance.pdf Ethno-religious crises have caused so much havoc in many African countries leading to loss of lives and property. They have also rendered fear and instability among people. Specifically, this article focuses on Nigeria’s experience to the ugliness of the crises through Sterile Sky a text that depicts the evil nature of the ethno religious violence in one of Nigeria’s city states, Kano and how this affects the children as witnesses and/or victims to such. Through trauma and narratology this article explores Egya E. Sule’s Sterile Sky from the angle of parentification, neglect and abandonment which are interconnected with the violence. Against this background it is argued that the novel depicts Murtala as a parentified child who is physically and psychologically crushed but has the agency to make constructive decisions that will help change his life for the better even in the face of abandonment. https://ijels.com/detail/parentification-neglect-and-abandonment-in-egya-e-sule-s-sterile-sky/ Lacirda Jones Nowa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-107202050-Parentification.pdf Western civilization prides itself in having offered humanity a canon of institutionalized rationality namely, science. Consequently, scientists attribute to their discipline a bogus epistemological success. Regrettably, their failure to adopt a consistent method for doing science, questions the credibility of their superiority claims. Ceding ultimate epistemic authority to science therefore becomes increasingly difficult for disciplines like the humanities. This multiplicity of scientific methods manifest in different conceptions of scientific progress, which the post modernists perceive as methodologies. Against this backdrop, this essay undertakes a comparative examination of the notions of scientific progress in Paul K. Feyerabend and Thomas S. Kuhn. However, the aim is to identify the implications of such multifarious methodologies on the knowing process, and scientific progress generally and, also to show how African philosophical eclecticism represents a richer paradigmatic approach to knowledge acquisition. This particularly brings in the desired mark of novelty in this paper. The author adopts comparative analysis to arrive at its conclusion. https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparison-of-paul-k-feyerabend-s-and-thomas-kuhn-s-notions-of-scientific-progress-implications-for-african-philosophical-eclecticism/ Cardinal I.C. Ihejirika https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-107202059-AComparison.pdf Anita Desai is a prominent Indo-English novelist. She has added a new concept to the Indian English fiction. Her novel, ‘Where Shall We Go This Summer?’ brings forth the agonized self and feminine sensitivity of the protagonist Sita. The present study deals with identity crisis of women. Anita Desai’s works significantly highlight the complexities of human relationships especially in women and also exhibit different facets of feminine psyche. The study focuses primarily on the emotional exploration of the inner mind of Indian women and the mystic tensions of women seeking their identity in male-dominated society. It describes the tension between a sensitive wife Sita and the rational Raman. The protagonist is a nervous, sensitive, middle-aged woman who finds herself alienated. The purpose of this paper is to show how feminine sensitivity, marital disharmony, family relations and socio-cultural atmosphere are responsible for creating the feeling of loneliness in Sita and compelling her to alienate herself from family and society. https://ijels.com/detail/women-s-quest-for-self-in-anita-desai-s-where-shall-we-go-this-summer/ Dr. K. Sri Devi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-107202057-Women.pdf Nepal is characterized by six bioclimatic zones and hence is very rich in local species of crops. There are reports that 6973 species of flowering plants, 790 species of food value crops, 145 kinds of horticultural crops, 700 species of medicinal plants, 200 kinds of vegetables, 71 kinds of fruits, 2000 land races of rice, and 174 kinds of mushrooms exist in the country. In a field survey of the concerned regions of Province 5 of Nepal, huge agricultural diversity basically crop species was observed by this author. In Pokhara, some subsistence farming households grow as many as 22 different land races of rice. The crop diversity is the biological basis of food security. It has both direct and indirect values in terms of food and nutrition. But less attention is given to the conservation of local varieties. The farmers’ groups and other sectors need to be mobilized actively for the improvement of the rural livelihood through crop biodiversity. Conservation of local landraces and increasing their commercial value through modern technique of production and processing needs to be introduced. Some recommendations are made in this article for the innovative interventions. https://ijels.com/detail/environmental-economic-social-and-cultural-importance-of-agro-biodiversity/ Malati Kaini https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-10820208-Environmental.pdf This paper aims to portray how certain literary works, when read closely, initiate ideas of resistance, resilience and self-awareness, which are at the same time part of the equipment of self-help. This concept of self-help, I propose, is communicated through different forms of self-education. My readings of what is considered by many to be the first American novel, The Power of Sympathy(1789), and the very recent memoir by Tara Westover, Educated(2018), are exemplary studies for such claims. I maintain that where 18th century conduct books intended to educate the younger minds of “the fairer sex,” today’s memoir does something quite similar under a different guise: that of human resilience. In order to show the relation between resilience and self-help, I will proceed in three steps: first, I will briefly review the two concepts of self-help and resilience; second, I will provide close readings of the chosen texts from the perspective of resilience research: and third, thereby I will conclude by proposing that resilience is understood as a means to maintain ability and fend off dis-abilities―but as such it also unwittingly holds up normality and normativity without questioning the problematic nature of a society that demands such defenses. https://ijels.com/detail/old-book-new-look-exploring-resilience-and-self-help-in-the-power-of-sympathy-and-educated/ Hamideh Mahdiani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-10820203-OldBook.pdf Taking into consideration the problems, dangers and challenges they faced, the overall aim of this paper is to advance a clear picture of the interpreting situation and the roles played by community interpreters in war zones namely in Iraq. It draws upon the results of questionnaires sent to more than 30 interpreters who worked for the coalition forces during the 2003 war in Iraq. Now they are living in Iraq and some other foreign countries they immigrated to. It is also based on a number of letters of recommendations given to these interpreters during their work with the military. The paper tries also to prove that interpreters adopted other roles other than the linguistic ones. They were given a multiplicity of tasks to help facilitate the military missions. https://ijels.com/detail/the-roles-of-community-interpreters-in-war-zones-iraq-as-an-example/ Mansour K. Thajeel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-10820201-TheRoles.pdf This research aims 1)to determine the student's ability in analyze the didactic values of Indonesia Raya national song before the application of the jigsaw method. 2)to find out the student's ability in analyze the didactic values of the Indonesia Raya national song after the application the jigsaw method. 3)to determine the effect of the jigsaw method in analyzing the didactic values of the Indonesia Raya national song. The method used in this study is the experimental method and the sample in this study were all students of the Language and Literature Education Study Program (PBSI), Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) Simalungun University (USI) totaling 30 students. The result of this research shows that the ability in analyze the didactic values of the lyrics national song "Indonesia Raya" by Wage Rudolf Supratman in experimental group is sufficient with an average score of 66.50 and in control group is sufficient with an average score of 61, 83. The Comparison in the experimental and control groups is sufficient with average score of 64.17. There is a positive and significant influence ability to analyze the didactic values of the national song "Indonesia Raya" by Fifth Grade Students PBSI FKIP-USI in experimental group using the jigsaw method (tcount > ttable (0.05), was 4.05> 2.00). tcount > ttable value, then the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted there is a positive and significant effect the application of the jigsaw method in learning to analyze the didactic values of national song "Indonesia Raya" by Fifth Grade Students PBSI FKIP-USI. https://ijels.com/detail/the-jigsaw-method-in-didactical-analysis-of-indonesian-national-songs-by-w-r-supratman-at-fifth-grade-students-pbsi-fkip-usi/ Berlian Romanus Turnip https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-108202010-TheJigsaw.pdf This paper is based on the current approach of Indian law towards regulating prostitution in the country. It analyses the context in which sex workers in India are criminalized for their activities. Furthermore, it amplifies their vulnerable voices towards legislative bodies and calls for a decriminalization of prostitution in India. The article argues that there is a need for a change in India’s abolitionist approach to regulating prostitution in the country. As such, the provisions of the IT(P)A need to be restructured as their anti- sex worker spirit is embodied in its every provision. The sex workers are perceived to be mere victims of prostitution through the lens of the law owing to the ‘immoral’ nature of their work. This further leads to their rejection as professionals providing services in the sex industry. https://ijels.com/detail/a-critique-of-the-abolitionist-approach-to-regulate-prostitution-in-india/ Aastha Bhandari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-10820204-ACritique.pdf The present research aims at analyzing discourse style of the Persian fiction, Boof-e-Koor, by Hedayat and its English translation, The Blind Owl, by Bashiri under model of discourse analysis by Michael Halliday’s functional model. Research method used here is analytic, interpretive, qualitative one. To this end, whole corpus was selected as required data to be analyzed by Hallidayan functional model. According to the results from the present research, English translation of Boof-e-Koor is understood to be a formal written fiction with simple prose style. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-discourse-style-in-english-translation-of-hedayat-s-fiction-boof-e-koor-under-hallidayan-model/ Khatereh Vatandoost, Mehrangiz Anvarhagigi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-10820205-Ananalysis.pdf Beef Lynchings have been often called the new communal riots. This essay tries to understand beef lynchings and contextualize them in the contemporary Indian scenario. In doing so it extends upon the lived realities that a Muslim man faces at the behest of mob violence. It also looks at the body of the Muslim man to understand how it is gendered in case of beef lynchings. It takes into account three cases of beef lynchings to posit the same. Thus it doubles up as a discourse on beef lynching and at the same time begs into questions of body politics of the Muslim man. https://ijels.com/detail/the-lynched-body-gendered-realities-of-the-muslim-man-through-salam-s-lynch-files/ Manjari Thakur https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-108202014-TheLynched.pdf The research objective was to analyze student needs for the development of digital teaching materials based on google classroom in physics subjects at Kalam Kudus Christian Middle School, Surakarta. The research method used is descriptive analysis, namely by analyzing the students' needs for teaching materials based on google classroom using questionnaires and interviews. Google classroom-based teaching materials are a solution to problems that occur in education, namely helping students learn according to their style, collaborating with others online, and becoming beings who have critical thinking in solving problems. The results showed that almost all students wanted classroom-based digital teaching materials in learning activities, this can be seen from the acquisition of a questionnaire, which is 96.5% of students answered agree to apply classroom-based digital teaching materials. The development of digital teaching materials based on google classroom is the basic foundation that everyone will build new forms of knowledge by combining the information that comes, then with what has been stored in memory, and previous learning outcomes. https://ijels.com/detail/analysis-of-student-needs-on-the-development-of-google-classroom-based-digital-teaching-materials-in-physics-subjects-for-class-viii-of-kalam-kudus-christian-middle-school-surakarta/ Felixtian Teknowijoyo, Sunardi, Gunarhadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-108202016-Analysisof.pdf While considering the printed copies for the exam preparation, we realized that learners are hampered by the approach of attempting to write in the manner of message. His\her over consumption of smartphones with several social media platforms has already destroyed ones terminology. Rather than to be honest they consciously and unconsciously consider writing TBH. The motive behind this paper struck in one’s mind that is we basically read, study, and take English as major Language. The reality is we are always introduced by English ,as we begin our first step to read we basic take English as our choice so it’s important to say ,write or to communicate with proper English without any mistake of mixing with text message. The study will give a better understanding on the consequences of messaging and will offer some Recommendations to break them up. All of us who consider English as second choice must be careful regarding their choice of grammar, verb, pronunciation and sentence formation. But now the way of using language really makes language look unpleasant. We can say that using unconventional grammar when texting is not a consistent sign of poor grammar skills, even though some aspects of grammar and sentence construction may be related misuse of words. Meanings became so impoverished that language sacrificed its charm. This paper makes an effort to bring this issue into awareness and also to find an answer to it. Since we learners need to showcase technology-based language skills and its serious impacts. https://ijels.com/detail/text-messaging-often-damages-our-literary-abilities-how-to-fix-its-impact/ Srishti Jain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-108202011-Textmessaging.pdf The Green School for Green Bhutan programme was implemented across all schools in Bhutan in 2010. This programme constitutes eight dimensions: environmental greenery, academic greenery, intellectual greenery, social greenery, spiritual greenery, cultural greenery, aesthetic greenery, and moral greenery. All schools across the country practise meditation and mind training/mindfulness as part of spiritual greenery activities. Additional spiritual greenery activities such as choesed leyram (religious discourse) annual rimdro (ritual), and green day are also implemented. Although spiritual greenery activities have been implemented in schools since 2010, not much is known about their impact due to limited literature. Using a qualitative design, data for the study were gathered from 28 participants from six school in Samtse district, Bhutan using a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The findings from the study showed that the implementation of spiritual greenery activities has positively impacted for both teachers and students. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-spiritual-greenery-activities/ Yangdon https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-108202025-Impactof.pdf Feminism has always been a relevant topic of discussion, irrespective of various forces trying to subdue it, accusing it of being overused and cliché. However, atrocities against women have failed to cease and it still thrives through multiple forms in popular media. In a country like India, religion and religious customs have always been an excuse for the patriarchal to treat women poorly. One such narrative that has recently been released is Bulbbul by Anvita Dutt, which was released online via Netflix. The movie shows the intricate linings of a rich Bengali manor and the position that women occupy in these household. Along with the issue of patriarchy, the movie also shows glimpses into a more ecological issue that exists in the globe today- the alarm of habitat loss. This paper aims to unveil the ecological aspect to the film Bulbbul. The audience sees not only the plight and experiences of a young girl married to a rich household, but also the stark reality that is the crisis of habitat loss that is faced by animals- here, a bird of the same name- worldwide due to the selfish activities of man. https://ijels.com/detail/bulbbul-not-just-another-feminist-tale/ P.R. Mrudula https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-107202039-Bulbbul.pdf As a legendary poet in the history of Chinese literature, Li Bai is undoubtedly considered as one of the symbols of Chinese culture and national spirit. This article tries to explore and explain the patriotism in his poetry regarding Confucianism. The study of Li Bai's patriot passion not only helps translate Li Bai's poetry and Chinese culture but benefits the spread of excellent Chinese spiritual heritage to the whole world. https://ijels.com/detail/patriotism-in-li-bai-s-tang-poetry-and-its-influence-on-the-english-world/ Ma Yan, Wang Feng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/58IJELS-108202028-Patriotism.pdf The emergence of Dalit autobiography offers a new dimension to the study of the literary genre of autobiography. This paper explores the intersectionality of caste and gender and liberation issues through the critical reading of Kaushalya Baisantry's Dohra Abhishaap, a Dalit autobiography written in Hindi. And, how the act of writing life narratives by Dalit women smashes the misconstruction/misreading of their agency by deconstructing their traditionally assigned identity and reconstructing their autonomous agency. It also sets up the manifestos for Dalit women's liberation through the textual construction of Dalit female ‘self.’ https://ijels.com/detail/reading-kaushalya-baisantry-s-dohra-abhishaap-a-modern-idiom-of-dalit-female-subjectivity/ Sonali Maurya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/59IJELS-108202020-Reading.pdf Throughout the nineteenth century, there was a cultural interest in suicide, particularly suicidal methods that infiltrated every aspect of cultural production, from art to literature. This author seeks to provide a brief overview of nineteenth century suicidal ideation, methods of suicide, and instances of suicide in literature by looking specifically at portrayals of women’s suicide by drowning in nineteenth century American literature. Rather than being a comprehensive examination, this article is intended to provide a foundation for future scholarly exploration: this particular topic is largely unstudied, especially in American literature, and so this article seeks to rectify that gap in scholarly knowledge. The author looks at works of literature written by women in an effort to draw conclusions about the significance of drowning as a method of women’s suicide, and the implications of this action. https://ijels.com/detail/the-death-of-a-beautiful-woman-women-s-suicide-by-drowning-in-19th-century-american-literature/ Abigayle Anne Claggett https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/60IJELS-108202024-TheDeath.pdf This paper is an attempt to study the aspects of death and religion the movie The Seventh Seal with respect to the present pandemic. This paper tries to identify different instances in the movie that the protagonist Antonius Block displays elements of doubt, faith and courage which is relatable to every individual. This paper tries to examine how the character of Antoniususes different strategies to buy time from death in order to find answers to his questions. This paper tries to focus on how the character of Antonius ultimately manages to find his one redemptive act and how the act portrays the human aspect of interdependences. It also tries to study the different aspects of the movie with respect to its bearing in our everyday lives. https://ijels.com/detail/understanding-death-religion-and-pandemic-through-the-movie-the-seventh-seal/ Ms. Preethi Jose https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/61IJELS-108202043-Understanding.pdf Learners are the subject and the focal point of teaching and they should be accepted in a complex way. It is therefore necessary to innovate, change and complete the methodology and forms used to make learners to be harmonically developed. Music has a big pedagogical potential when used in foreign language classes. Numerous music can be used such as classical music, folklore, musicals and the modern types. This paper titled “Students’ Attitude to Music in Foreign Language Classes in Enugu Urban” was conducted in nine secondary schools of Enugu Urban using a population of two hundred and forty students in Junior Secondary Classes of 1 – 3. Six research questions were posed out of which thirty (30) questions were generated, distributed, collected and analyzed in the various schools. The results showed that music can be applied in foreign language class when practicing pronunciation, vocabulary, speech, melody and grammar. Using music in foreign language classes offers a possibility of students to identify with various foreign authors. French was chosen as the foreign language used. https://ijels.com/detail/students-attitude-to-music-in-foreign-language-classes-in-secondary-schools-in-enugu-urban/ Dr. Sunday N. Nnamani, Dr. Henry U. Anih https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/62IJELS-107202040-Students.pdf This study is aimed at discovering the dispensation of justice to Silas, the character created by George Eliot. The study provides a look at the selective phases of the life of Silas to ultimately prove that providential dispensation of justice takes place towards the end when love and faith are restored to Silas Marner. https://ijels.com/detail/providential-dispensation-of-justice-in-silas-marner/ Dr. Vivek Chauhan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/63IJELS-108202032-Providential.pdf Anita Nair’s Eating Wasps (2018) explores everyday lives of ten women, who are fighting their own battles with different facets of patriarchy. This feminist fiction presents the issues of contemporary women in all its complexities. This paper focuses on two characters (Urvashi and Sreelakshmi) who functions as the prominent narrative voices of their own stories. These female characters, who are separated by more than half a century, are taking up the agency to move ahead with their desires against the current of societal pressures. This critical analysis explores what happens to these women when they act on their desires, in the context of their position inside/outside the institutions of marriage and family. This paper proposes that both the suicide of Sreelakshmi (which appears like a flight), and Urvashi’s confrontation of her stalker (which appears like a fight) can be read as the acts of resistance that reinforces both their agencies and unapologetic nature of their desires. https://ijels.com/detail/the-question-of-desire-in-singlehood-and-marriage-a-critical-reading-of-eating-wasps-by-anita-nair/ Dr. Navya V.K. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/64IJELS-108202027-TheQuestion.pdf Within an author's tools and techniques; metaphor is indeed an important weapon. Using metaphors very well but the followers may adapt to your literature or creative writing over a reflexive and larger level. A literary term in which anything is related or otherwise matched to whatever it captures creates a confidential, hidden connection from a metaphor. Adopting idiomatic phrases provides everyone a wonderfully realistic description of something like a better to focus of vibrant, shiny concepts which do not co - exist through patterns. This research focused upon or explains turn of phrase as both a relational and a textual methodology which helps to build interpretation. For something like a creator, it's just a way to influence speech in how audience contributes. Phrase helps a creator to regulate how viewers interpret what is being released. Any metaphor will have the function of expressing something in a form which brings strength and toughness on everything so it can be used by a successful writer to demonstrate the perspective of a story and also some highlight the standpoint of every protagonist. Metaphorical terminology stimulates creativity, as well as the speaker will become more capable of conveying feelings and thoughts by metaphor. Metaphor communicates concepts even though there is no common vocabulary, as well as encourages learners to question descriptively. https://ijels.com/detail/the-impact-a-metaphor-can-have-on-one-s-followers/ Srishti Jain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/65IJELS-108202018-Theimpact.pdf The workplace and the working pattern both are going through continual transformation. To prevail over the challenges of the current scenario the organizations, whether companies or academic institutes, have shifted their working patterns and have embraced ‘Remote Work’. Collaborative technologies are at the center of this Trans mutated state. These collaborative technologies help organizations to continue collaborations, in the form of computer-aided, synchronous or asynchronous collaboration and help to create dynamic work environments. Team members share responsibilities as a team for outcomes but accomplish their task in an independent way. They rely on mediated form of communication rather than face-to-face as they are geographically dispersed. The team produce an outcome in the form of shared understanding, strategy planning, evaluation methods, recommendation, decision making, and action plan related to a task or other responsibilities. Despite considerable developments in Information Communication Technology (ICT) over the period, Virtual Collaborative Teams (VCT) still confront multiple interpersonal and communication challenges. VCTs need additional attention from both corporations and academics in order to successfully implement and reap the benefits of their virtual operations. https://ijels.com/detail/communication-collaboration-trust-interpersonal-challenges-in-virtual-collaboration-team/ Dr. Pooja Raj Srivastava https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/66IJELS-108202019-Communication.pdf Chugtai is a leading name amongst female Urdu writers of this century. Chugtai’s contribution is easily sequestered to her bold narrative in her famous short story “Quilt”, but the author wrote many other short stories with substantial gravitas. This paper thereby is an attempt to assess female characters in her lesser known stories, and highlight the author’s deftness at bringing up female issues which others felt scared to discuss about. Chugtai is vociferous, her voice is not one to be easily snubbed and she is relevant. She was way ahead of her times, and thereby her stories strike a chord even today. https://ijels.com/detail/female-characters-in-ismat-chugtai-s-short-stories/ Brahmjot Kaur https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/67IJELS-107202046-Female.pdf The socio-cultural difference between male and female is termed as gender. Gender is a social construct, which is different from time to time, person to person and place to place. Gender is the cross cutting issue. Gender discrimination has simple cause and event but huge and long-term impact. Gender inequality creates negative multiplier effects on all dimensions of human society. To assess the situation of gender status and to identify causes, consequences and measures of gender inequality, this article is prepared as the title ‘provincial situation of gender status in Nepal”. It is mainly based on the secondary data of Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, which was conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2019. Information regarding objectives was collected through various search engines by simple literature review. The status of gender is found unequal at provincial level in Nepal. Among eight indicators, men are in good situation than women in educational status, exposure to mass media, condition of child marriage and knowledge of human trafficking,. The situation of better life and perception of domestic violence have a zigzag result. It shows somehow a better situation for both men and women. In health conscious matters i.e. use of tobacco and drink of alcoholic products, the situation of females is better than male. To meet national commitment in gender mainstreaming and to fulfill the target of sustainable development goals, it is essential to perform effective joint efforts of all concerned authorities as soon as possible with the visionary and coordinating leadership of the federal government. https://ijels.com/detail/provincial-situation-of-gender-status-in-nepal/ Gopal Khadka https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/68IJELS-108202048-Provincial.pdf The mid-twentieth century American society saw the emergence of a literary movement known as the Beat Generation. The members of the Beat Generation were notorious for being nonconformists who broke social norms by engaging in various activities such as sexual experimentation. As a writer at the vanguard of the Beat Generation, Allen Ginsberg uses his poem “Howl” to introspect his own sexuality that goes against the conventional sexual norms of his society. This paper explores the portrayal of sexuality in “Howl.” More specifically, it aims to investigate sexuality’s connection to capitalism, religion, and madness through a close analysis of the poem. “Howl” reflects and transcends the time in which it was written because it portrays sexuality as a multifaceted and multilayered concept, affecting and being affected by various aspects of society. Sexuality, in the poem, cannot be discussed without shedding light on how it is influenced by capitalism and religion and how it is seen as the cause or effect of madness. https://ijels.com/detail/sexuality-and-its-relation-to-capitalism-religion-and-madness-in-allen-ginsberg-s-howl/ Jahin Kaiissar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/69IJELS-108202021-Sexuality.pdf There is an indistinct history that binds the two largest democracies of the world, India and America. Through the 1960s, the boundaries of nation and race were vanquished in order to propel the two nations towards accomplishing their democratic ideas. African Americans and Indians established bonds at the heart of this shared struggle. Various activists initiated, what is known as, Colored Cosmopolitanism that transcended the racial discriminations for the emancipation of the ‘colored world’. The American Declaration of Independence was unavailing when the crimes of slavery were set against it. Similarly, the anti-imperialist eloquence was inefficacious to those referred as ‘untouchables’. The historiography focuses on the confrontations of governments and political leaders of America and India wherein it is sharp but narrow. This paper aims at traversing through the relations of the two nations as being far more than just political bodies. The purpose of this study is to examine the transnational encounters of the neglected historical figures and provide an acute portrait of the renowned bridge-builders, such as Gandhi and Luther, of the two cultures. Moreover, it poses questions on multicultural confrontations with normative cosmopolitanism. It has become increasingly instrumental in understanding cosmopolitanism through the lens of dissent. https://ijels.com/detail/cosmopolitanism-and-dissent-the-concurrent-rise-of-the-subaltern-in-india-and-the-united-states/ Arpita Sahai https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/70IJELS-108202037-Cosmopolitanism.pdf This paper seeks to analyse the women narratives which reside in the shadows of Partition of India (1947) and Holocaust of World War II (1941-1945) which find no acknowledgement within historical folds of the respective events. Doing so raises a pertinent question, as to why women irrespective of their status of being a first world woman or a third world woman share a same fate during moments of crises and even otherwise. There is a widespread criticism that a gendered reading of Partition and Holocaust often deviates one from understanding the history and actuality of the political causes behind such occurrences. But discussing the experiences and memories of women who endured rape, violation, and sexual abuse during these massacres does not belittle the collective suffering borne by Sikh, Hindu, Muslim and Jewish population. Rather, it adds another dimension to history which deepens our understanding of these historical junctures which forces women across the globe to live in silence. https://ijels.com/detail/i-am-also-a-we-archiving-the-women-s-silence-in-partition-and-holocaust-narratives/ Saumyata Joshi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/71IJELS-108202035-Iamalso.pdf This study describes the educational value in ta sapta jantraning urip which is taught in the Sanggar Pasinaon Pambiwara Karaton Surakarta, the analysis of social practices and educational valuesin the Javanese Life Ceremony is discussed using the term TA SAPTA JANTRANING URIP (Seven TA of life journeys) which consists of Titis, Titah, Tetes, Tarab, Tatap, Tutug, dan Tutup. Through this research, it is hoped that readers will be able to know and apply good moral teachings that can be applied around Javanese traditional ceremonies and ceremonies along with the development of the times.The urgency of the research is that the results of this research become a referenceand guideline for relevant research and as a consideration for one form of Strengthening Character Education. The purpose of this research is to describe the educational values contained in Ta Sapta Jantraning Urip as a character builder of the nation.This study used descriptive qualitative method.The data of this research were taken from the document in the form of writing about the Ta Sapta Jantraning Urip belonging to the Sanggar Pasinaon Pambiwara Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat. https://ijels.com/detail/educative-value-in-ta-sapta-jantraning-urip-sanggar-pasinaon-pambiwara-karaton-surakarta-as-nation-character-builders/ Sidhiq Hidayatulloh, Sahid Teguh Widodo, Kundharu Saddhono https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/72IJELS-108202036-Educative.pdf Technology is a trend of postmodern culture and one of the instruments of this culture is media where a within weapon is advertisement. The study examines telecommunication advertisements of this age from a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) perspective with a view to exploring how the capitalist group uses advertisements to manipulate, exploit and influence their consumers to buy their product by ‘commodifying’ national and social values. A qualitative research was conducted, on telecommunication advertisements of Grameen Phone and Banglalink that are made based on nationalist, cultural, personal emotions of the country and of individuals, in five popular local television channels in Bangladesh. This study is guided by Marxist theory of ‘Commodity Fetishism’ to explore the underlying agenda of the projection of the advertisements. The findings of the study suggest that telecommunication advertisements of this era are using exceedingly heartrending incidents as the marketing policy to shape our ideology and belief to buy their products. Thus, commodification multiplies from product to values. https://ijels.com/detail/telco-ads-double-fetishism-and-commodification-of-values/ Md. Mahfuj Hassan Bhuiyan, Ramisa Rahman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/73IJELS-108202045-Telco-Ads.pdf This paper deals with discovering how animals are important in building metaphors in Myanmar proverbs and the role of these animals in Myanmar society and culture. The purpose of the study is to investigate which animals are used in Myanmar proverbs, what are the most common animals used in these proverbs and the role these animals play in everyday life of Myanmar People. The findings reveal that there are 291 metaphors used for 40 animals in 251 proverbs. These animals include domestic animals, wild animals, insects and also mythical creatures such as Dragon and Garuda. The most common animals are birds, fish, elephant, cattle, tiger, dog, chicken, cat, mouse and buffalo. Popular and prominent examples of these ten most common animals are put forward for interpretation under The Contemporary Metaphor Theory and it is found out that the animal metaphors describe a lot about the conceptual mind of Myanmar people and Myanmar historical, geographical, cultural, social, economic and religious conditions. https://ijels.com/detail/metaphorical-role-of-animals-in-myanmar-proverbs-and-myanmar-society/ Aung Ko Ko Min, Mya Thida https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/74IJELS-108202017-Metaphorical.pdf Colonialism especially British Colonialism in India has a great impact on Indian culture especially in Bengal as we know Calcutta is the capital of British India at the colonial period. At the colonial period, undivided Bengal rapidly coloured itself in English, British culture but not every social class rather we find the kind of hybrid culture in so called higher society, economically-culturally rich society. The famous ‘Babu’ culture is carefully depicted in literature by Rabindranath Tagore. In Tagore’s literary writings, we basically find economically-culturally rich society. His most of the male protagonists are from economically rich society and educated that’s quite normal in that time. What is abnormal at that time is his representation of female protagonists who are educated at that when society thinks that education is a kind of curse for women because educated women lost their husbands and became widow. In his writings Rabindranath deliberately challenges as well as breaks this social norm and presents a kind of new society where both man and woman are equal, free to choose their own way to lead life. In this paper, I want to show how British culture helps to represent Bengal society newly; how Colonialism influenced Rabindranath to challenge the rotten social norms and to depict a culturally modern Bengal; the importance of myth to reshape Bengali culture in his writings. As a case study, I select few of Rabindranath Tagore’s short stories (translated version). https://ijels.com/detail/representation-of-colonial-bengali-culture-as-depicted-in-rabindranath-tagore-s-short-stories/ Ms. Arundhati Patra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/75IJELS-10920201-Representation.pdf This study examined the level of understanding in the political dynasty of 145 college students using a descriptive research design. The questionnaire that was utilized to gather information was a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings revealed that the respondents have a high level of understanding with the political dynasty in their places. However, there are practices involved in politics that are not clear to them. On their description of the political dynasty in Nueva Ecija in terms of its advantages/disadvantages, the data showed that the political dynasty would bring more progress and development. The respondents considered the political dynasty as more advantageous to public service. The only disadvantage result of the political dynasty as rated by the respondents were the threats on the constitutional principle on check and balance in the public service and the principle on equal access to public office. https://ijels.com/detail/level-of-understanding-in-political-dynasty-of-college-students-it-s-implication-on-equal-access-to-public-service/ Jacinto Y. Bustamante https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/76IJELS-108202050-Levelof.pdf It has been a practice of every higher educational institution to follow up on their graduates through tracer studies. This study generally aimed to trace the up–to–date status and employment of the BSIT graduates of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, San Isidro Campus for the Academic Year 2016–2017 and Academic Year 2017–2018. The descriptive method of research was used with a modified questionnaire as the major data-gathering instrument. There were 249 total graduates but only 219 of them responded to the study which involved 122 males and 97 females. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, and ranking were used in this study. This study aimed to determine the general profile, educational background, professional examinations passed after college, employment profile, and reasons for unemployment of the unwaged respondents. Based on the tallied results, there is a high rate of employability with regular/permanent status among BSIT graduates. This means that the BSIT curriculum is aligned with the needs of the industry. The researchers have suggested an establishment of a partnership with the Civil Service Commission and other IT companies to assist the BSIT graduates in applying and passing eligibility for them to get the security of tenure and a higher salary. https://ijels.com/detail/a-tracer-study-of-bachelor-of-science-in-information-technology-bsit-graduates-of-nueva-ecija-university-of-science-and-technology-neust-san-isidro-campus/ Jennilyn C. Mina, Ellen Jane G. Reyes, Rodella F. Salas https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/77IJELS-108202054-ATracer.pdf