https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usJune 6 The London Merchant is always considered the first Bourgeois Drama, written by George Lillo, a tradesman in England. It first performed at the Drury Lane Theatre on June 21, 1731; soon after, it became one of the most popular plays of the century. After the failure of his two earlier plays, Lillo industriously studied the theatric market and strove to include in his new play all the factors that ensure success, such as catering to the expectations and trends of middle class particularly the tradesmen and apprentices, breeding an innovative and appealing dramatic theory, making use of the popularity of criminal literature, and holding in high esteem the fundamentals of Puritanical faith. In doing so, he attained tremendous success and public fame. However, its public success does not square with the literary merit and specifications of a domestic tragedy. This study is meant to mark a number of setbacks the play endures. Among the major setbacks are first, a hazy plot and characterization; second, shaky claim of naturalness and abundant debt, third, over-abundance moralizing that often suspends and rather breaks down the dramatic build up. https://ijels.com/detail/george-lillo-s-the-london-merchant-public-fame-versus-literary-setbacks/ Dr. Adil M. Jamil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-104202044-George.pdf Being an accomplished oral communicator is recognized as the hallmark of competent EFL tertiary students. Yet, many students after their graduation, especially from open access colleges with large cohorts, fail to be equipped with adequate oral communication competencies. The present study suggests individual impromptu talks as a strategy for improving students’ oral communication skills in large classes. To test the efficiency of this strategy, a quasi-experimental design was conducted at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Sais-Fez, Morocco involving 15 students in the experimental class and 15 students in the control class. Treatment was done using: impromptu speech technique for the experimental group (Group 1) and the conventional teaching method using oral presentations technique for the control group (Group 2). The results show that students using impromptu talks are far better than those using the conventional method of teaching oral communication skills. These students have considerably succeeded in maintaining constant, coherent talks featured by correct pronunciation, appropriate vocabulary, and well-formed sentences. They have also acquired how to be good listeners and sensible users of non-verbal communication. The study, therefore, underlines the efficiency of impromptu talks for honing EFL students’ oral communication skills at open access colleges. https://ijels.com/detail/impromptu-speech-for-strengthening-tertiary-students-oral-communication-competencies-in-large-classes/ Khadija Sekkal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-104202045-Impromptu.pdf The present article explores the subaltern ideology of the British Empire in India in Kipling's novel, Kim. Kipling's view of Indian people's habit, language and the different ways of living the life shows that Indians can be out witted and dominated by the British. In the novel Kim, Kipling has mentioned that Indians lack sense of time and do believe in their ability to tell a lie. It is somewhat drowned in Orientalist ideals and British colonialism. Kipling seems to be a little bigoted towards the Empire. The article seeks to demonstrate a gap between the natives and the European officials. Kipling as a colonialist admires the work of the civil servants who bring European inventions and the so called progress to this part of the world which he considers inferior to the West. But at the same time he points out the mistakes they make. This research paper elaborates the research hypothesis that the British treat Indians as inferior and assume themselves as the rulers. It explores the real intentions of the west to dominate east in the great game of the principle of domination. https://ijels.com/detail/subaltern-perspective-of-the-british-empire-in-kipling-s-kim/ Bimal Kishore Shrivastwa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-104202036-Subaltern.pdf Historically, public baths have been an integral part of all ancient civilisations. When talking about Indus Valley Civilisation, it is considered one of the oldest civilisation pertaining to mankind. While there is still a huge discrepancy related to the actual dates of the existence of this civilisation, the approximate span of this civilisation is taken as 2500-1700 B.C., as per carbon dating technique. The public baths were a common feature of Indus Valley civilisation, excavated at Mohenjodaro present in Pakistan and this paper presents a psychological perspective pertaining to these structures. Humans have a tendency to have stringent notions above their body and it has been found to be a cause of various psychological issues. This paper presents the view that our ancient civilisations paid special attention to the psychological well-being of individuals and had built the concept of public bath in order to instil a sense of love and ease related to their bodies. https://ijels.com/detail/the-psychological-philosophy-behind-public-baths-in-indus-valley-civilisation/ Akshyata Ray https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-10520205-Thepsychological.pdf Getting information and inform others is amongst the human needs in the world they live. For information to be successfully and conveniently disseminated, informant needs be well informed from a well-known source mainly a written document they have read. In this study, the researchers assessed the trends of reading culture and its impact on information dissemination with specific reference to Kigali public Library located in Kigali City, in Rwanda. As today the world is moving faster with a lot of progresses and technological innovations in different areas, it is worth laying strategies to cope with a bad culture of not reading which may result in relying on non- founded information or being under informed totally. The study is a descriptive survey involving quantitative and qualitative methods. A daily record - document analysis, questionnaire and observation were used as research instruments. The study was conducted within the paradigm that successful information dissemination depends largely on how well informants have consulted sources about what they want to tell their audience. Results revealed that libraries are major repositories of knowledge and integral part of societal needs which make not only local people but also others in many parts of the globe to be informed. Researchers recommended that the habit of reading should begin at an early stage and be imbibed throughout one's lifetime. https://ijels.com/detail/revisiting-the-reading-culture-and-information-dissemination-conceptualisation-of-a-reading-nation-is-an-informed-nation/ Gonzalve Nzeyimana, Gabriel Bazimaziki https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-104202031-Revisiting.pdf The article explores pre-and in-service teachers’ perceptions of how unequal power relations contribute towards the spread of HIV and AIDS. The sample, consisting of 19 teachers; 6 pre-service teachers from a Higher Education Institution and 13 in-service teachers from a rural primary school shared their views, through the use of tableaus, on how power relations between males and females contributed towards HIV and AIDS.The findings, emerging from the teachers’ tableaus, demonstrated that they were aware of how gender identities contributed towards HIV and Aids. https://ijels.com/detail/using-tableaus-to-explore-teachers-perceptions-of-how-unequal-power-relations-contribute-to-the-spread-of-hiv-and-aids/ Logamurthie Athiemoolam, Naydene de Lange, Mathabo Khau https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-10520202-Usingtableaus.pdf In the present script we have tried exploring certain themes of law, set in nearly three decades old Afghanistan with special emphasis on the female perspective and their treatment under sharia law.The story involves several legal themes centered around how Sharia law is practiced in Afghanistan, starting from child marriage, polygamy, the concept of contractual marriage to stern changes in the legal system under a violent regime, domestic violence, crime and punishment and ends with a debate on law and morality. Here, we have analyzed the major themes, central to the plot of the script. https://ijels.com/detail/a-thousand-splendid-suns-reimagined-through-a-legal-lens/ Shreya Kapoor, Sneha Rath https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-10520209-Athousand.pdf This article attempts to interpret the postmodern philosophy as an anti-essential philosophy of the western intellectual world by incorporating the ideas of postmodern thinkers: Jean Francoise Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Jack Derrida, Jean Baudrillard, Ernesto Laclau, and Chantal Mouffe, etc. Postmodernism appears in a wide variety of disciplines in the contemporary world after World War II. It has dismantled the western intellectual tradition's center seeking tendencies and foundational structure exposing the inherent realities of formulated various discourses of them. The traditional discourses of the intellectual world are reshaped and restructured possessing no universalities in the postmodern era. Similarly, an absolute identity, consciousness, or ego, which is deferred, displaced, fragmented, or marginalized within the structure. Therefore, this article accomplishes the task to analyze how the existing grandnarratives and structure-based philosophical phenomena of the western intellectual circle are subverted using the ethos of poststructuralism and deconstruction, which lie under the postmodern umbrella. https://ijels.com/detail/postmodernism-an-anti-foundational-philosophy-of-western-intellectual-tradition/ Resham Bahadur Bist https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-10520201-Postmodernism.pdf In today's ever-changing world, there is a magnanimous shift in our philosophies, cognition and our social structure. With acculturation making a strong impact on Indian society, the current Indian society is a metamorphosed version of amalgamation of its authentic attributes and its Western counterparts' attributes. The shift in societal structure along with advancement in technology has a great influence on our life, our holistic well-being and happiness and our emotional intelligence. The study aims at establishing the correlation between depression and emotional intelligence. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-depression-on-emotional-intelligence-among-indians-in-late-adolescence/ Akshyata Ray, Shubham Sharma, Dr. Savita K Tiwari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-105202016-Impactof.pdf Absurdity occurs when demagogues deliberately abuse their power inflicted by their own interest and self-gratification over giving service to humanity and fulfilling social obligations. At present, most political leaders make improper practices of politics. This paper investigates the basis why primitive man needs to engage in a social contract, emancipated from a chain, the nature of democracy, filth on participatory democracy, check and balanced of a certain state, and restore the harmony of such state to affirm the present condition of absurdity. Participatory democracy is found as the most corrupt form of government. Hence, most political leaders greedily exercise their powers. This is totally absurd. It is said then that the will of man dominates over his reason. https://ijels.com/detail/on-the-nature-of-politics-a-critical-analysis/ Patrick Neil M. Santiago https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-105202026-Onthe.pdf This study includes Postcolonialism in Shakespeare’s The Tempest. It aims at examining Bhabha’s notions of ambivalence and hybridity that he estimates as to be great forms of resistance against the colonial agency. Ambivalence generates a controversial position and viewpoint both for Caliban and Prospero in the play. Caliban is a colonized other and unable to replicate himself accurately to the European colonizers. It inflames Caliban to be ‘turbulent for liberty’ that results in his resistance and insurgency against Prospero and the colonial authority. It confirms his hybrid nature that terrorizes Prospero to lose his exclusive authority on the island and challenges the ‘monolithic power’ of the invaders. Ariel is a subservient spirit unlike Caliban, though his craving for liberty brands him turbulent too. The paper explores the ambiguities of portraying the ambivalent non-European characters and investigates each non-European character in the play is figured within a given geopolitical context that relates to ambivalence, an outcome of hybridity. Hybridity enables the colonized to absorb and mimic the norms of the dominant culture and may result in psychological forms of coercion by backbiting and by othering each other. Consequently, the colonized turn out to be a blend of intricate individualities in a hybrid formation, that enables the others to fight back by othering the settler. https://ijels.com/detail/othering-each-other-in-shakespeare-s-the-tempest/ Sheikh Saifullah Ahmed https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-105202025-Othering.pdf This paper aims at examining closely English for Engineering Course and its impact on developing engineering students’ communication skills. The Instruction used is Project-Based Learning (PBL). Participants in the study (N=66, ages 20 to 25) are 4th year engineering students from the ENSAM engineering school (Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Arts et Metiers) –Meknès. The objective behind this analytical report is testing the usefulness of this pedagogical approach on students learning. The main question raised is the extent to which the three communication skills addressed by the course, i.e., sequencing, analyzing, and illustrating, have been affected by this teaching methodology. The data have been analyzed empirically, and the findings reveal that PBL has a positive impact on developing these skills. General conclusions and pedagogical implications are presented. https://ijels.com/detail/developing-english-communication-skills-through-project-based-learning-the-case-of-ensam-engineering-students/ Khalid Ben Kaddour https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-105202020-Developing.pdf The article is devoted to the issue of Camus`s influence on Uzbek writers and translation of his works. It also considers the process of including information about Camus to the High Educational Institutions curriculum. https://ijels.com/detail/albert-camus-in-uzbekistan/ A. Kasimov https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-MAY-2019-15-Albert.pdf The research paper aims to investigate the Biblical Elements in the poem" Peace", written by Gerard Manley Hopkins, a Great Victorian religious poet, on the eve of his departure for Bedford Leigh from Oxford- a curtal sonnet, the abruptness of which reflects a fatigued and distracted mind. The title 'Peace' that Hopkins assigned to the poem is due to the impact of Herbert's Poem, 'Affliction". To investigate Biblical references is one of the yielding delights of new interest in the aspect of Hopkinsian criticism. The thematic study of the poem indicates that there abound theological themes based on the Holy-Writ. The Bible is an embodiment of a notion of Divine Peace. The sonnet reflects the poet's prayer for Peace. The New Testament has the theme of Peace. Jesus came on this earth to grant Peace to the restless, which is the perfect Peace; on the other hand, Earthly peace springs from Patience does not dwell in a man without further condition. The Peace that God can grant; the practical aspects cannot give that Peace. https://ijels.com/detail/biblical-elements-in-the-poem-peace-by-gerard-manley-hopkins/ Anil Jaydeo Ganvir https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-105202021-Biblical.pdf This research paper aims at investigating the Biblical Elements in the Poem “Heaven-Haven,” one of the Oxford Religious Early poems, showing Anglican fervour. Even the early poetry of Hopkins has the themes springing from his intensely held beliefs. It is one of the yielding delights of new interest in the aspect of Hopkinsian criticism. The thematic study of the poem shows that there abound theological themes, based on the Holy Writ, in the poem. The Bible has a notion of Heaven, where Christ, seated at the right of the heavenly Father Pleading forbelievers. God is a feeder and leader. The imagery refers to the notion that uniting with God will offer refuge from the harsh realities of life. Ps.23.4 informs the idea in the Bible. https://ijels.com/detail/biblical-element-in-the-religious-poem-heaven-haven-written-by-gerard-manley-hopkins/ Anil Jaydeo Ganvir https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-105202022-Biblical Element.pdf In this technological age, integration of multimedia technology with traditional teaching methods is considered as a key promoter of creating effective teaching and learning atmosphere across the globe. Comprehending its importance, the present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness, adaptation, and contribution of technology-based ELT in different domains of English language alongside its key challenges at the secondary level (6-10 classes) education in Bangladesh via analyzing English teachers and learners’ responses against it. The data collected from twenty-five randomly selected secondary schools located at Khulna and Dhaka, Bangladesh following classroom observation, questionnaire, FGD, SGD, and PA where data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The results highlighted that technology integrated ELT had a stringent contribution to improving teaching-learning atmosphere ever than before via creating an interactive environment along with drawing and retaining students’ attention throughout the class. Comparatively young teachers (36-45 years) were found more interested over old groups (56 or above) to enjoy using these modern tools in ELT classes. Students were found highly motivated to ELT classes equipped with multimedia technology as they could visualize the subject matter with reading. Key challenge filtered from the study pointed, teachers required adequate prior training to operate the multimedia and to prepare subject contents using AV tools. Majority of respondents believed, the use of technological tools with conventional methods not only inspires students’ creativity but also leads the students to create new knowledge, and thus, helps develop a capable future generation open to face any global challenges. https://ijels.com/detail/addressing-impact-of-technology-in-english-language-teaching-at-secondary-level-education-in-bangladesh/ Pritilata Mallick, Md Maniruzzaman, Shimul Das https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-105202018-Addressing.pdf Quality problems have attracted attention from organizations in the world. Initially, Quality-improvement start from manufacturing company which spread to the other aspects of service such as banking, insurance, health, government, and education. Evaluation for Quality-improvement is a trend for products and services research. Institute of education must increase its quality which is proven by producing high-quality graduates. This research was conducted in Senior High School 1 Pamekasan and Senior High School 3 Pamekasan. This research has focused on leadership style of the principal to improve the education quality, the strategy of principal to improve the education quality and quality of education which is produced by leadership style and strategy of principal both in Senior High school 1 Pamekasan and Senior High school 3 Pamekasan. This study is quantitative research which studies case and multi-site design. The object of this research is the leadership style and strategy of the principal to increase their school quality. The data was collected by interview, observation, and documentation. Validation data was gotten by source, technical and time triangulation. The Multi-site design was analyzed by individual site and cross-site data. The results of this study showed that the first, the leadership style applied appropriately with the principal principle of necessity is in accordance with the potential resources and increases the capability of principal with an effective leadership style. The second, Implementation of the Integrated Quality Management strategy was used to increase education quality by improving the overall education system by involving the elements of school. The principal has a good relationship with the internal and external school. The third, quality of education produced in the school creates school culture which productive and good quality and builds a mental organization. https://ijels.com/detail/the-principal-s-leadership-in-developing-quality-of-education/ Abdul Muin, Murtadho, Haris Supratno https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-10520203-ThePrincipal.pdf Memory refers to the system that are assumed to be necessary in order to keep things in mind while performing complex task such as reasoning, comprehension and learning. “We use our eyes to see but it’s the brain that translates the information to make an image.” When we discussed about visually impaired student there is evidence that they may strengthen their memory skills to compensate for absence of vision. Blind people must rely more than sighted people on auditory input in order to acquire information about the world. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that blind people have better working memory than sighted individuals for auditory verbal material. https://ijels.com/detail/comparative-study-of-working-memory-of-visually-impaired-students-and-sighted-students/ Mrs. Shivi Pathak, Shubham Sharma, Akshyata Ray https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-105202015-Comparative.pdf This paper attempts to give 1) an overview of the area of Forensic Speech Sciences, 2) the advances made in this field at the global level and 3) the current issues with regard to its practice in India. In the light of this, it underscores the need for the establishment of a Forensic Speech Science Center in India, and briefly presents the efficacy of such a center. https://ijels.com/detail/establishment-of-a-forensic-speech-science-center-in-india-and-its-efficacy/ Dr. Didla Grace Suneetha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-105202029-Establishment.pdf The present paper seeks to investigate the students’ writing motivation and its relationship with two dependent variables: gender and writing academic performance. To achieve this aim, a ten-item Likert scale questionnaire was designed and administered to 98 undergraduate students, randomly selected from the English Department at Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal. To compute the data, three tests were conducted, ANOVA, Pearson and T-test. The statistical analysis demonstrated that extrinsic motivation is the most frequent writing orientation and that both motivation constructs, intrinsic and extrinsic, positively correlate with the students' writing performance in semesters three and four writing exams. Additionally, the study also showed a significant difference between males and females about their motivational orientation. https://ijels.com/detail/on-the-relationship-between-writing-motivation-academic-achievement-and-gender-in-tertiary-education/ Meriem Ouahidi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-105202027-Onthe.pdf The present study explored on the effectiveness of blended laboratory environment in performing activities and it determined whether a significant relationship exists between the cognitive load levels and the enhanced learning of freshman students in Inorganic Chemistry via blended laboratory setting. Freshman students enrolled in Bachelor of Secondary Education(n=77) were the respondents of the study. Seven blended laboratory activities were performed. Pretest and posttest were administered and evaluated and their cognitive loads. The findings showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest means results of the respondents and these results imply that the students learned conceptually by performing activities using blended laboratory. Among the seven activities performed, only one activity focusing on atomic models has a significant relationship to the performance in Chemistry (r = 0.235). This seems to suggest that the more the students were challenged with the situation the better they were able to understand the concept and were able to employ more attention. The results implied that blended laboratory setting can be used as a method in teaching concepts in Inorganic Chemistry to fully optimize more the potential of education technology. https://ijels.com/detail/measuring-cognitive-load-in-blended-laboratory-setting-toward-enhanced-learning-in-chemistry/ Roselle D. Urbano, Dennis G. Caballes https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-105202030-Measuring.pdf Identities, cultural differences, feminism, women in power, racism and so on have always been a controversial concept in most contemporary works. Starting with The Arabian Nights, modern fantasy has lately followed the same pattern of depicting the Oriental "Other". The cultural differences between the East and the West have been theorized by many scholars and critics in numerous works of literary modern studies, with reference to Edward Said’s book,, Orientalism. Said debates that Orientalism is the collateral damage of colonialism, by dominating the East economically, politically and culturally. This collateral damage still exists nowadays; where the patterns of superiority between the West and the East are to be considered. As it is some kind of everlasting unconscious domination, there is no way to dispose of its effects. The West plays the savior's role for the colonized communities; as they are considered helpless and waiting for the support of the West, while facing racial prejudice and religious discrimination The reasons why I have chosen this topic are the exotic representation of the characters' traits and the political and social structures in the series. This is compelling because the world of A Song of Ice and Fire is a secondary one, where reality should be less featured. I argue that this subgenre does not belong to the world of enchantment and magic. Furthermore, the existence of Orientalism within the framework of this subgenre makes the novel series worth examining in this context. The representation of the text makes the texture of fantasy arguable, as the writer still use the same familiar methods to formulate a modern fantasy. https://ijels.com/detail/orientalism-in-g-r-r-martin-s-a-song-of-ice-and-fire-deanery-s-the-white-savior/ Ghita Mesbah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-104202043-Orientalism.pdf It is established in the forensic literature that the ethnic background of an individual has a robust bearing on one’s speaking fundamental frequency (SFF). The aim of this study is to record the SFF values of Indian adult speakers and compare the SFF of Indian speakers with those of existing data on other ethnic groups like Caucasians, Afro-Americans and Mongoloids in order to examine the effect of ethnicity on SFF. In addition, it is also to observe if language and mode of speech has any bearing on the SFF values. The study included 20 Indian speakers whose ages ranged from 21 to 40 years. A read passage and spontaneous speech in two languages (Telugu and English) constituted the text. PRAAT software was used to extract SFF values and a comparison was made between the obtained SFF values of Indian speakers and those drawn from other studies on three ethnic groups: Caucasians, Afro-Americans and Mongoloids. Results indicate that the Indian speakers (both male and female) exhibited a marginally higher pitch (on an average) compared to those of the other three ethnicities. https://ijels.com/detail/effect-of-ethnicity-on-the-speaking-fundamental-frequency-values-of-indians-vis-a-vis-caucasians-afro-americans-and-mongoloids-a-forensic-phonetic-perspective/ Dr. Swapna Akoju, Dr. Grace Suneetha Didla https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-106202013-EffectofEthnicity.pdf Several researchers have documented the marked similarities and differences in both segmental and suprasegmental features across varieties of Indian English (IE). There also exists a body of literature on how these differences can be justified by the fact that the speech of a non-native English speaker carries the burden of one’s mother tongue, commonly known as mother-tongue influence, or MTI. This paper aims to establish that such segmental properties can be employed to arrive at indexical information about the speakers, like their geographical and linguistic background. This has relevance to forensic speaker identification as it assists in speaker profiling. The phonetic analysis included in this study observes the similarities and differences in segmental features of varieties of IE spoken across 6 different zones of India (East, North-East, West, Central, North and South). The study also includes a perceptual test with 10 naive listeners to identify the most distinguishable zones on the basis of their spoken IE. Finally, a comparison between the phonetic analysis and the results from the perceptual test was carried out to verify if these segmental differences resonated with their perceptual outcome. Results indicate that segmental properties can be employed as carriers of indexical information like one’s linguistic and geographical background, to a moderate precision. https://ijels.com/detail/a-forensic-phonetic-study-of-indian-english-phonetic-features-as-an-indexical-marker/ Sinjini Chakraborty, Dr. Grace Suneetha Didla https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-106202012-AForensic.pdf Voice disguise entails altering one’s voice deliberately with an intent to conceal one’s identity. Voice disguise is employed predominantly for two reasons: 1) disguising for the purpose of entertainment and 2) disguising with a criminal intent of concealing one’s identity. The thrust of this review is to better understand the second of these; i.e., its relationship to forensics. Voice disguise in the context of crime is usually employed by criminals in cases such as kidnapping, hoax calls, threatening calls etc. Owing to its formidable presence in the world of crime, it is imperative that numerous issues plaguing voice disguise must be addressed systematically. This paper presents an overview of what entails a disguise, its prevalence and the types of disguises usually employed by the criminals. It also reviews the research associated with the phonetic aspects that potentially contribute in the decoding of voice disguise. https://ijels.com/detail/a-review-of-voice-disguise-in-a-forensic-phonetic-context/ Dr. Grace Suneetha Didla https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-105202015-AReview.pdf This study seeks to analyse how language of instruction affects writing competence of learners in selected schools in Zimbabwe. Competence according to Chomsky (1965) refers to, the native speaker’s knowledge of the language, that is, knowing the rules of the language. Writing competence therefore includes, a set of different abilities which are necessary for composing good texts. This study will look at the writing competence of learners in Zimbabwe, since writing can be seen as a process for which suitable work techniques must be available. This study used the qualitative approach with a sample of secondary school teachers, from both public schools and private schools, secondary school learners from form four (4) classes, from both public schools and private schools, parents, and government officials who are in charge of these schools. Questionnaires and interviews and documentary review were used as research instruments for this study. This study concludes that language of instruction has a major influence on learners’ academic achievement. While most teachers have a good command in the language of instruction, they have to use coping strategies such as code-switching and translation to help students understand the lesson properly. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-the-language-of-instruction-on-writing-competence-of-learners-in-zimbabwean-secondary-schools-a-case-of-gweru-region/ Dube Precious, Gumbo Lettiah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-105202028-Impactof.pdf This papers focus on the dual existence of the concept of Nationality which is generally referred as the “Nation with in a Nation”. When we trace the early orgins of Canada, the result would be a wide separation of two cultures, the reserve culture and the foreign culture. One such division is further reflected in ‘The Res Sisters’ a famous work by Cree Canadian writer Tomson Highway. The plot revolves around the life of seven sisters who were subjected to reserve life. Their life wasn’t a bed of roses, their hurdles that was artificially created by the white immigrants .The play glorifies the rebellious attitude of the reserve ladies, the intervention of a male counterpart named Nanabush. Nanabush itself is the blurred conscious minds of the woman whose support heals their wounds. Race and ethnicity can also be implored further to stress the discrimination with in the Nation. https://ijels.com/detail/foreign-and-reserve-life-hand-in-hand-nation-with-in-a-nation-in-tomson-highway-s-the-rez-sisters/ Maggy Clemence https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-106202018-Foreignand.pdf Character education plays an important role in creating students who have good character. Christian schools have to provide project-based teaching materials so that students not only know a good character but also able to apply them in everyday life.This study uses quantitative methods to examine the use of Christian character education teaching materials based on project-based learning. The study was conducted on 8th-grade students at Kalam Kudus Christian Junior High School Surakarta. The results showed that the use of project-based learning Christian character education materials had an effective impact on improving student character. https://ijels.com/detail/development-of-christian-character-education-based-project-based-learning-teaching-materials-to-improve-student-character/ Melur Dewi Andriaty Zendrato, Suharno, Leo Agung https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-106202010-Developmentof.pdf The conditioning of human lives in the modern era tends to be hazy as both advantages and adversities intertwine equitably. Comfort and calamities taking up their twists and turns, the age also penetrates the people’s consciousness by encountering the euphoric emancipation in the midst of the absurd industrialized extremities. When the war and the bloodshed haunted and detained the human senses, the aftermath of destruction had unique bizarre effects on the survivors. Out of which emerged the Theatre of the absurd during the mid-twentieth century, reflecting not the surface level crisis but the deeper level darker reality. In accordance with their introspection and the interpretation of the revolutionary world, the playwrights of the absurd theatre shared a socio- cultural psychological climate with their spectators blended with circumlocutory hollow themes. This paper analyzes the reception stimuli in the audience of the absurd theatre in relation with the readerly‘gaps’ and the hermeneutic codes patterned in the absurd drama context. https://ijels.com/detail/a-fusion-of-horizons-in-absurd-theatre-an-insight-into-production-and-reception/ Pratha R. Jaya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-106202033-AFusionof.pdf Spiritualismis a life Spring of Indian Philosophy, Culture and Religion.Philosophy shows the cause for the inescapable experiences of sorrow and suffering that has engulfed mankind today. The period following the outbreak of fatal pandemic Covid -19 has become the age of disillusionment, chaos, disbelief , utter despair, loss, and disorder in an individual’s life. Hinduism is the only religion that is universal, It is a revealed religion, the priceless truth discovered by intuitive spiritual experiences. Need of the hour is to understand the psychology of commonman, his social condition and to help them regain confidence that has shaken the whole human race. https://ijels.com/detail/spiritualism-a-source-of-prevention-from-fatal-pandemic/ Dr. Vanshree Godbole https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-106202041-Spiritualism.pdf Students’ intrinsic motivation is built to develop students’ longing for new understanding and knowledge in order to reach their highest achievement in the classroom and in their workplaces. For the students to be engaged and motivated, students’ interests, learning styles, levels, and preferences have to be accounted for. For this to be achieved, approaches, methods, and strategies have to be differentiated to accomplish this essential purpose. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of differentiated instruction (DI) in a blended learning environment and the traditional method on the motivation, knowledge, and engagement of 180 students (94 in experimental groups and 86 in control groups) in two Lebanese universities having varied experiences and education during a period of three semesters. Mixed methods were utilized to collect and analyze the data. The findings revealed that the implementation of DI in a blended environment enhanced students’ intrinsic motivation, knowledge, and engagement. https://ijels.com/detail/the-influence-of-differentiated-instruction-on-lebanese-students-motivation-knowledge-and-engagement/ Madoline Massaad, Léa Yahchouchi Abi Chaker https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-106202017-TheInfluence.pdf Today’s natural language processing system cause loss of information due to the approximation processes. The applied methods, based on Aristotle’ s binary logic usually cannot take the semantics into account in processing a language.In this paper, we tried to use an approach to analyze a set of terms given in a natural language and overcome some problems of processing. https://ijels.com/detail/abstraction-and-summarization-of-meaning-in-natural-language-processing/ Farida Huseynova https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-10620202-Abstraction.pdf The research aims to examine the influence of spirituality, organizational culture, leadership, and local wisdom on the accountability of State Islamic Religious College (SIRC). Sample research by 84 respondents in accordance with purposive sampling derived from 4 SIRC in South Sulawesi, that is UIN Alauddin, IAIN Palopo, STAIN Parepare, and STAIN Watampone. Research Data form of total score is obtained by distributing a list of structured questions to respondents. Respondents responded that spirituality, organizational culture, local wisdom, leadership, and accountability became an important part of SIRC's management in South Sulawesi. Hypothesis testing using multiple regresion. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that the local spirituality and wisdom positively affected the significant of SIRC's accountability in South Sulawesi. However, the organizational culture and leadership has no significant effect on the accountability of SIRC in South Sulawesi. The sublime values of worship increased accountability, but the symbols (norms) of organization and leadership characters did not make the accountability of SIRC in South Sulawesi. https://ijels.com/detail/accountability-of-state-islamic-religious-college-sirc-in-south-sulawesi-indonesia/ Muhammad Wahyuddin Abdullah, Hadriana Hanafie, Andi Yustika Manrimawagau Bayan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-106202022-Accountabilityof.pdf The novel shall include different personalities to have a compelling story knot, which shall tighten the reader to read the story and even get touched with it. In Charles Dickens’ novels particularly, which usually resembles agony, poverty, and suffering, a compassion side of the society of the novel shall be presented in contrast to suffering. This paper is presenting three common novels by Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, Oliver Twist and David Copperfield. It deals with the comparison between the personalities which are showing compassion in the novels and the sequential order of the events which are driven by psychology compassion in these three novels. The novel A Tale of Two Cities actions are going in France, during the French revolution, while David Copperfield and Oliver Twist are starting in England. David Copperfield was said to be the autobiography of the novelist Dickens himself, and the compassion is shown in multiple personalities, specifically his aunt, his first love Dora, and her second love Agnes. Whereas compassion, in Oliver Twist, offered by the personalities is starting from the doctor in the orphanage sponsored by the Diocese where her mother has started the story before she is giving birth to Oliver and die. Compassion is shown in different characters even in some criminals. However, the novel A Tale of Two Cities has clearly the main characters like Draney and Lucie who will finally live a happy life due to the compassion of several characters mainly Cartoon. To sum up, compassion is one of the important novel’s parts, even in some evil or changing characters. Its psychology is complex to study along with its impact on novel actions. https://ijels.com/detail/the-influence-of-compassion-in-charles-dickens-selected-novels/ Ali Mahmoud Ali Alshwayyat, Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi, Mohammad Nusr Mohammad Al Subaihi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-106202023-TheInfluence.pdf Mastering both the English language and the skills in business communication in Lebanon is needed for the students to succeed in their careers in this internationalized world. As diversity expands in higher education, the implementation of the traditional one-fits-all method steers students to failure in contrast to differentiated instruction’s (DI) successful results. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of DI in a blended learning environment and the traditional method on the productive proficiency of 180 students (94 in experimental groups and 86 in control groups) in two Lebanese universities having varied experiences and education during a period of three semesters. Mixed methods were utilized to collect and analyze the data. The findings revealed that the implementation of DI in a blended environment enhanced students’ English productive skills. https://ijels.com/detail/effectiveness-of-differentiated-instruction-in-business-english-the-lebanese-higher-education/ Madoline Massaad, Léa Yahchouchi Abi Chaker https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-106202024-Effectiveness.pdf This study aims to analyze and describe the Thematic progression patterns and types of Theme in students’ narrative texts of Indonesian EFL Learners. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative research design. The data were obtained from a collection of students’ texts. This study uses the theory of Thematic progression: Bloor and Bloor (2004), and the theory of types of Theme developed by Halliday (1994), Gerot & Wignell (1994), Halliday et al. (2004). The finding shows a dominant use of Constant pattern in narrative texts indicates that the students are able to create a focus on specific participants as this is one of the linguistics features of narrative texts. The use of Linear pattern indicates that the students have achieved the ability to create cohesion of the texts by introducing the new information by taking a Rheme to become Theme of the upcoming clause. In terms of types of Theme, the high number of Topical Themes in students’ text may indicate that the students are able to lead the reader to focus on participants (characters) of the story. The use of Interpersonal Themes, which dominantly used by middle and low achievers, indicate that high achievers tend to be complex lexically (written language), while middle and low achievers tend to use complex grammatically (spoken language). The dominant use of Textual Theme indicates that the students are able to create complex clause and to connect the clause which helps them to create a cohesive and coherent text. https://ijels.com/detail/theme-and-thematic-progression-in-narrative-texts-of-indonesian-efl-learners/ Aan Ramadhansyah Rahayu, Ekaning Krisnawati, Ypsi Soeria Soemantri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-106202034-Theme.pdf The endeavour of the present paper is to trace the outlook of literature, and, also of the human culture, during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Has literature lost its value and utility in the current troubled situation? Has Covid-19 announced the death-knell of literature and literary culture, in a country where they were fast receding; at least for quite a considerable period now? Or, should literature rather rise up to the occasion, and, try to evolve in a new form and manner to the human society; provide us with a new message, and shower us with new hope and new light amid the general gloom? If it does, then what can be the desired form/s? Is the concept of the ‘alienating self’ something new in literature and human culture, or, has it already been introduced to us through several literary texts? What are the possible advantages and drawbacks of self-alienation in society and human culture? How should the publication industry/publication market survive in such a critical time? If social distancing is the new norm and form of cultural (or, non-cultural) negotiations in an already distanced society, then, should literature try to focus on that in the present scenario? But how? https://ijels.com/detail/literature-and-culture-during-and-after-the-covid-19-a-thought/ Debabrata Adhikary https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-106202039-Literature.pdf Transactions between service providers and service seekers often end-up with various facial expressions which can be subjected to assessment and evaluation in the form of satisfaction feedback and be interpreted whether they are contented or claiming for more upon completing such. A satisfied customer will treasure the good experience and continually avail the products and services from an institution if the set criteria are met. Thus, the better services provided the higher probability for a company to stay in the service sector. This study focused in determining the degree of satisfaction on campus related delivery services provided to its customers. Results of the study showed that recipients of services are mostly female students in their adolescent stage who availed the top services from the offices of student services, registrar, library, and agriculture and college dean. The service units that received at par degree of satisfaction include planning, supply, registrar, medical, agriculture, student services, public relations, publications and information, library, research, physical plant facilities, gender-development and management-information system. The customers are very highly satisfied on the staff attitude of the campus and that their expectations along end result, convenience, timeliness and access often exceed their expectations. This implies that the campus related delivery service providers are customer-focused since they are able to provide and satisfy the needed and expected services as well as products stipulated in their respective units which are contributory to the attainment of the campus goal. https://ijels.com/detail/customers-satisfaction-on-campus-related-delivery-services/ Rosanna D. Gonzales, Catherine N. Lumanta, Procerfina D. Vingua https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-106202040-Customers.pdf The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has increased based on the results of the Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2018 compared to the Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2013. Hypertension was included in the top 10 diseases at the Bandarharjo community health center from 2016 to 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of blood lead level with blood pressure women of childbearing age in the Coastal areas of the North Semarang, Indonesia. Sample 66 respondent were all women of childbearing age in that area. The research was analytic observational with cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in the Sub-District of North Semarang. The result showed there was correlation between blood lead level with diastolic blood pressure, and there was correlation between BMI with systolic blood pressure and with diastolic blood pressure There were no correlation between blood lead level with systolic blood pressure, and no correlation between age with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, no correlation between sodium consumption with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. https://ijels.com/detail/correlation-of-blood-lead-level-with-blood-pressure-women-of-childbearing-age-in-the-coastal-areas-of-north-semarang-indonesia/ Farah Khonsa Nabila, Sulistiyani Sulistiyani, Yusniar Hanani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-106202030-Correlation.pdf Direct channels for manufacturers have become the norm. For the study of double sales channels, single manufacturer, reducing emissions and single retailer promotion coordination problems, to emissions reductions as state variables, assume that the market demand by reduction, as well as the influence and promotion efforts to build a single manufacturer and single retailer of three kinds of differential game model, to investigate the condition of double channels involved in cooperation and the influence of various parameters on the members of the decision. It is found that under certain conditions, cost-sharing contracts can improve the profits of each member and the system. With the increase of the ratio of manufacturer to retailer's promotion cost, the improvement effect of the contract on the profit of the two members changed significantly. High retailers' low carbon advertising cost and discount rate factor will reduce the improvement effect of cost-sharing contract. https://ijels.com/detail/research-on-differential-game-model-of-vertical-cooperation-of-dual-channel-low-carbon-supply-chain/ Mei-xiang Wu, Cheng-dong Shi, Qiang Sun https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-106202036-Researchon.pdf