https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usFebruary 6 Deconstruction research is much in demand by researchers who want to see literary works from various sides. Deconstruction theory exists to dismantle basic categories and assumptions. Mirror of the State and community life, through a deconstruction study in the short story of Padang Kurusetra by Emha Ainun Nadjib, was depicted in the story of the Mahabarata puppet, in a dialogue between Prabu Kresna and Arjuna where war in the thin desert should not have occured because everything that existed today only represented its own truth. By using the method of decostruction in reading texts, it was expected to be able to see other facts in the text, especially literary works. So that there were no absolutes in interpreting the work of satra and eliminating absolute assumptions and discovering new things that were initially ignored. In the short story of Padang Kurusetra, a form of hero deconstruction was identified. After analyzing, it was concluded that in his short story the state condition at this time was Pandawayudha, which was a debate between the truth and the truth of each, where all parties felt themselves to be a hero of the Pandavas. https://ijels.com/detail/pandawayudha-s-educational-value-in-short-story-of-padang-kurusetra-emha-ainun-nadjib-s-works-deconstruction-of-society-of-heroes/ Ulfa Tursina, Sahid Teguh Widodo, Kundharu Saddhono https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-112201970-Pandawayudha.pdf In today’s world of digital literacy’s, popular culture is considered to be a ‘central force.’ It has made inroads into our lives like nothing else has. The 21st century popular culture significantly changed our ways of life and impacted it and has transcended the barriers of age, gender, class, color, religion etc. and has become a part of our daily patterns and its impact on the society is best seen and felt among the youth. It is understood that the youngsters of any era are most susceptible to changes brought by the society. The 2000 s has brought in a new hang-out place for the educated mass - online venues. The advent of computers, internet and the World Wide Web has led to tremendous advancement in technology and thus we are able to access all kinds of documents, databases, bulletin boards, electronic publications like newspapers, books and magazines in all media forms (print, audio-oral, visual) via internet and can create our web pages to publish individual art, writings, videos, movies, etc. on popular websites or on personal blogs. Popular culture is irrefutably connected with commercial culture like movies, television, radio, cyberspace, advertising, fashion etc that is available for online purchase. The popular culture, which is very popular with the youth, and their aggressive indulgence in the social media, mass media and other media like mobile phones, English cinema and English music, this paper examines and understands the ways by which popular culture forms can be used .This study looks at how popular cultural forms like internet, social networking sites, television, popular music, cinema, newspapers, magazines etc. Influenced the language of today’s youth and in this process a ‘new’ language style is emerging among them. If we look back to the 20 C, we find that various youth identities have emerged, with their unique styles in music, dance, clothing, hairstyle and language, assisted by the corresponding progress of the mass media and the interactive digital media such as the internet. In the midst of such cultural dynamism, language undeniably takes a new form used in communication that is mediated through numerous agencies. With the mushrooming of television channels, social networking sites, blogs, music and film genres, video and computer games etc. the youth of today’s generation lives a life that is completely dominated by technology and pop culture. The pressure to fit into the group, be one in the crowd, is so overpowering for the youngsters today that most of them live their lives dictated as seen in movies, TV serials, and fashion tips from popular magazines. https://ijels.com/detail/pop-culture-interaction-of-and-influence-on-the-youth/ Tippabhotla Vyomakesisri, Thigulla Sonu, Doballi Srikanth https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-112201958-PopCulture.pdf The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan, a bestseller in seventeenth-century England, captured the imaginations of its readers and inspired imitations and spurious works. Since its inaugural publication in 1678, numerous sequels, continuations, and adaptations of The Pilgrim’s Progress have been produced. This essay provides examples of those various forms, including prose, poetic, musical, and cinematic adaptations, sequels, and imitations. https://ijels.com/detail/other-pilgrims-sequels-imitations-and-adaptations-of-the-pilgrim-s-progress/ Christopher E. Garrett https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-112201947-OtherPilgrims.pdf Many factors affect students’ listening. This paper cited some noted scholars and researchers findings, as well as proposed linguistic and nonlinguistic obstacles hindering students’ listening leaning. https://ijels.com/detail/factors-affecting-students-listening-capability/ Xuemei Li https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-112201922-Factors.pdf The study on the several depictions of male chauvinism in society from which the woman has to be emancipated is plausibly noted as the hallmark of feminist writing. Each of the identifiable shades of feminism reveals the writer’s orientation and inclination of the cause of the woman in the march towards what is viewed as obligatory emancipation. There are suggestions that most radical feminists find creative writing as a veritable medium for reacting to the foul-tasting experiences they have had. For this reason, anti-feminist writers reluctantly see reason with this revolutionary enterprise and easily latch on to pitfalls in such writings. Owing to these foul-tasting experiences of acclaimed inferior gender, certain works have been imposed with gender proclivity by both feminists and their detractors, especially in contexts where gender discourse translates into some kind of battlefront. However, writers who consider such conflagrations as a cloud over other preferred themes tread the path of neutrality or moderation. Consequently, in her novels which came after Purple Hibiscus, Adichie found more compelling themes than the subjugation of women. Apparently, the portrayal of her female characters, in perceivable satire, seems inclined to negotiating the charges against men, as profusely portrayed in her first novel, for the often pinpointed woes of women in society. Relatively, this work examines how the view of parodied feminism is projected in Half of A Yellow Sun and Americanah. The consciousness of imperative mediation comes into focus as it becomes manifest in the logic of Adichie’s narratology. https://ijels.com/detail/critical-evaluation-on-parodied-feminism-in-adichie-s-half-of-a-yellow-sun-and-americanah/ Oluchi Chris Okeugo, Obioha Jane Onyinye https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-112201928-Critical.pdf Trauma can be encountered almost in all walks of life. When a person is denied of something or ill- treated by someone in the childhood the anger of the child is shown on someone. Mostly, on the ones that are weaker especially animals. In future this ill-treated child becomes a serial killer who incepts his off-centered mien by torturing and killing animals. Animal abuse takes place in all parts of the world, where animals are tortured cruelly and put to death for no reason. This paper tries to analyze the reasons behind a person who intentionally tortures animals. https://ijels.com/detail/changeover-of-a-child-into-a-serial-killer-victimization-of-the-voiceless/ Ramya S, Roshanara M. S. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-112201973-Changeoverof.pdf The objective of this study was to explore the performance of duties and responsibilities of barangay security police officers. Barangay officials, barangay police or tanod and other constituents participated in the study. Data collected by means of respondents’ demographic profile, performance question assessed by their duties and responsibilities. Employing a descriptive-correlated design, significant difference was being explored. Interviews with experienced law enforcers like police personnel and people with reputation were conducted to support and validate findings. Recommendations on enhance training programs for them to efficiently discharge their duties and responsibilities and amendments to honorarium was proposed to compensate the risk and sacrifices of barangay tanods in their service. This study was anchored on the duties and responsibilities that are provided under the Memorandum Circular 2003-42 with the subject “Guidelines on Professionalizing the Barangay Tanod”. The researcher tested the hypothesis, “there is no significant difference between the constituents (including tanod) and barangay officials (including barangay councilor and staff) in the perception of the performance of Barangay Police Security Officers or Tanod’s duties and responsibilities. The descriptive method of research was used in the conduct of this study, and the use of questionnaire checklist. The statistical used were frequency, percentage distribution mean and t-test. The level of significance was established at 0.05 level. https://ijels.com/detail/performance-of-barangay-police-security-officer-bpso-or-tanod-in-maintaining-peace-and-order/ Mary Chris Austria-Cruz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-112201976-Performance.pdf There are significant disparities between ASEAN's ' business ' economies, both in the incidence of deprivation that could promote microfinance initiatives as a solution to disadvantage, and in the balance between private and public participation in the process.The study described the impact of Micro Financing to the business industry in terms of: Impact on per capita income, expenditure, and savings on business and family; Impact on other loans and personal savings; and Impact on the number of enterprises and employment. Survey questionnaire with liker-type scale questions were used in the study. The finding of the study in summary to the aspects is that there is a positive impact of microfinancing to Family and Business industry. https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-microfinancing-in-nueva-ecija/ Kim Edward S. Santos https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-112201977-Impactof.pdf This extended paper is provided to explore the theme of revenge in Rawi Hage’s De Niro’s Game (2006). The acts of avenge have been a significant theme in several literary works along with themes of love and death, from Greek tragedies to European literature with the works of Shakespeare, to world literature with such works of Dostoevsky. Those writers are ideologically and historically different. They have examined the same subject [revenge] with similar ‘passion, complexity and concern’. Even contemporary Arabic writers in Diaspora write such works that explore avenge. Rawi Hage, the Lebanese-Canadian writer, is amongst whose novels involve the theme of vengeance. The main concern of this paper is to find out how in such radical circumstances when power abused, where individuals and groups have been suffered from social injustice and unfairness of justice avenge becomes the only solution to take back justice and honor. https://ijels.com/detail/the-theme-of-revenge-in-rawi-hage-s-de-niro-s-game-2006/ Fatima Zohra Khelif https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-112201975-TheTheme.pdf Anglophone Lebanese literature is a unique subcategory by itself where the Lebanese themes, especially the Lebanese Civil War, are discussed and analyzed in English language (Al-Maleh par. 2). Lebanese writers shed light on the psychological and social effects of the war on the Lebanese subjects, exploring many themes such as memory, trauma, identity, and exile. One of the well-known Anglophone Lebanese writers is Rawi Hage, a winner of the Hugh Maclennan Prize for fiction in 2008 and 2012 for his novels Cockroach and Carnival respectively. Hage said in an interview with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) that he intended to explore through immigration in Cockroach the issues of poverty, alienation, and displacement. This article discusses the novel Cockroach and examines the protagonist’s predicaments through implementing Edward Said’s Orientalism and Reflection on Exiles along with Hommi Bhabha’s notion of in-betweeness, related to its respective theme of exile and the portrayals of the characters’ lives spent outside their homeland. https://ijels.com/detail/predicaments-of-an-exile-in-rawi-hage-s-cockroach/ Madoline Massaad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-112201984-Predicaments.pdf Universal access to safe drinking water is a basic need and a human right. Drinking water contamination can occur in the household. One of the bacteria that can contaminate water is Escherichia coli which can cause gastrointestinal disease. The purpose of this study was to conduct a microbial risk assessment of drinking water contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria in the Bandarharjo Village. This research is a descriptive study with the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) method. The sample in this study consisted of 94 people as subjects and 94 samples of drinking water as object samples. The sampling technique used is proportional random sampling. The results showed that as many as 51drinking water samples (54,3%) did not meet the requirements. The average intake and frequency of exposure are 1,63 liters and 365 days/year. The results of the QMRA calculation show that the average value of the probability of infection per day and the probability of infection per year are 2,12 x 10-5 and 7,7 x 10-3. The research concludes that the probability of infection per year is greater than the acceptable risk by US EPA, which is 10-4. https://ijels.com/detail/quantitative-microbial-risk-assessment-for-escherichia-coli-in-drinking-water-in-bandarharjo-village-semarang-indonesia/ Vidia Nabilah Putri, Sulistiyani, Mursid Raharjo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-112201982-Quantitative.pdf The paper explores pre-service teacher’sawareness, interest, perception, attitudes and the level of knowledge on the Programme for International Student Assessment for development (PISA-D). A mixed method of quantitative research and qualitative research was used in this study. The study was conducted among final year Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) and Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) students at Samtse College of Education, Bhutan. Instruments such as survey questionnaire and interview were used to collect the data. The survey questionnaire was analyzed using Excel Add-in Analysis Tool Pak and Interview data were analyzed by identifying themes. The results revealed that 72.6% of pre-service teachers were aware of Programme for International Student Assessment for Development (PISA -D). Among them nearly 40% expressed their opinion that PISA has impact on curriculum and quality of education in the country as a whole. However, 60%had limited knowledge of purpose and importance of participating in PISA-D. The findings also revealed that 50% of them were interested to know more about PISA. https://ijels.com/detail/pre-service-teacher-s-perspectives-on-the-programme-for-international-student-assessment-for-development-pisa-d-a-case-of-samtse-college-of-education/ Tshering, Choeda https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-112201981-Pre-service.pdf This research is aimed to identify the application of domestication and foreignization on the English translation of the Yogyakarta Sightseeing Guidebook. This research is a descriptive qualitative research conducted by analyzing the English version of the Yogyakarta Sightseeing Guidebook and the researchers try to categorize and elaborate the identified items that indicate domestication and foreignization techniques on the translation. This research finds out that both domestication and foreignization is frequently used on the translation of some particular items. The domestication technique is considered to be used to ensure that the translation can be comprehensible for the readers and the foreignization is considered to be applied to introduce the readers some cultural terms from Indonesian culture that is commonly known and used by the local community of the source language. https://ijels.com/detail/domestication-and-foreignization-on-the-translation-of-yogyakarta-sightseeing-guidebook-from-indonesian-into-english/ Muhamad Safi’i, Sufriati Tanjung https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-10120201-Domestication.pdf Suicide is an act of taking away life by assassinating one’s own self. The act of committing suicide remains as the way to escape from facing the reality of life. It is considered to be an unnatural death, where the reason behind suicide is either unspecified or stated in suicide. The major reason behind the act of committing suicide is the mental illness and severe depression. This depression has been caused due to several reasons, which can be categorized in various aspects and the major aspects are familial aspect, financial aspect, social aspect, abusive aspect and individual aspect. In such case, the individual experiences great emotional pain, where the individual thinks that the only way to get out of the pain is by ending one’s life. This paper would serve its best to eradicate the suicidal thoughts from human minds despite the reasons. https://ijels.com/detail/accentuating-on-self-concept-to-obviate-suicidality-through-the-novel-13-reasons-why-by-jay-asher/ Roshanara. M.S, Ramya.S https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-112201971-Accentuating.pdf The focus of this article discusses the political identity that develops massively as one of the political instruments that had a significant influence on the vote acquisition in general elections. The main problem raised in this study is political identity which is transformed into a determinant factor which becomes a political bargaining in determining the vice presidental candidate who accompanies Joko Widodo. This paper aims to explain the process of strengthening political identity in Indonesia and finally led to the emergence of a vice-presidential candidate who accompanied Joko Widodo from non-party circles. The main theory used in this paper was the theory of identity politics taken from several literatures. The research method in this paper was a method of studying literature, using descriptive research, by a qualitative approach. The results of the literature study conducted by the author shows that the election of Kyai Ma'ruf Amin as a vice-presidential candidate to accompany Joko Widodo in the upcoming 2019 presidential election is to reduce the effectiveness and negative excesses of the sara issues inherent in Joko Widodo. https://ijels.com/detail/political-identity-the-bargaining-of-center-politic-party-spectrum-on-the-selection-of-indonesian-vice-president-in-2019-general-election-literature-study-the-candidacy-of-jokowi-s-vice-president-candidate/ Syaifuddin, Avi Cenna Isnaini https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-112201966-Political.pdf Curfew ordinances are widely praised, but little researched, enforcement mechanism that local police departments can use to combat juvenile delinquency. The study used a descriptive method which describes the current level implementation of the curfew hours on selected barangays in Cabanatuan City. There is a total of 150 respondents that majority of them were the youths/juveniles age ranges from 11 to 17 of different barangays in Cabanatuan City. As to the Level of Implementation of Curfew Ordinance it is the consistency which is missing which happened to be one of the most essential thing in the process of implementation. As to the perception of the youths to the programs given by the barangay officials to those who violate the said curfew ordinance, as to the data gathered by the researcher, the programs given or offered doesn’t even work as a deterrence for the youths aren’t afraid of the potential pain they will be incurring because the barangay officials do not give sanctions to the apprehended violators https://ijels.com/detail/implementation-of-curfew-ordinances-in-cabanatuan-city-nueva-ecija/ Clara J. Carpio https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-101202017-Implementation.pdf Socio-economic status is the foremost issue in the contemporary world, especially in the developing world. The socio-economic status in the rural areas is gradually improving over a period of time. The present study approaches the senior citizens (aged population) economic status of rural and urban areas of Shimla-the state capital of Himachal Pradesh. The study focuses on economic conditions like source of income, occupation, impact of literacy on income source. During this study, an attempt has been made to find out the actual socio-economic status of population of different income groups. A sample size of 150 was selected for conducting this study in rural as well as urban elderly population and the study is based on door to door data collection with the help of a suitable questionnaire. The collected data have been classified into four income groups and simple percentage method is followed to analyse the data. The results shows that in rural area 99.32% aged covered under monthly income between Rs 2000 to Rs 6000 as compared to only 34.55% urban in the income group. In urban area, non-significant difference in the income was noticed with a maximum 37.99% in a range of Rs 6000 to Rs 15000. Thus, only a few percentages of people in old ages have sufficient sources of income and can enjoy little better life rural areas. https://ijels.com/detail/socio-economic-status-of-aged-population-residing-in-shimla-hills-of-north-india/ Rekha Suman, S. K. Sharma, Anil Gupta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-10120207-SocioEconomic.pdf This article makes an attempt to explore the idea of performative pedagogy to develop the holistic and wholesome personality of the learners. Taking the case of two popular stories, the researcher argues that traditional pedagogy not only makes the learners lethargic and lousy but also kills their latent potentialities; therefore, modern education should be such which could bring in critical and creative insights within the learners’ faculty of mind, and this is possible only through full-fledged application of performative pedagogy— the one which highlights how to prepare students to think of themselves as active participants rather than simply passive learners/listeners. https://ijels.com/detail/quest-for-performative-pedagogy-in-riva-palacio-s-the-good-example-and-anton-chekhov-s-who-was-to-blame/ Uttam Poudel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-10120208-Questfor.pdf This paper makes an attempt to discuss the idea of new woman in Augusta Gregory’s play, Grania by the application of the idea of different critics about new woman. Grania is one of the representatives of revolutionary play, which focuses on female’s individual desire rather than her submissive role. For Grania, the protagonists of the drama, gone are the days when women cries for their lost husband and lament upon being widow. She focuses that women can also remarry if they wish. By getting married with Finn after the death of Diarmuid, she proves her free will and her desire for power from every sides of life. She never surrendered in front of patriarchy, though many times it compelled her to do so. It is not the victory of only Grania but it is the victory of women’s movement. Individual freedom is the motto of her life and that individual freedom becomes collective freedom for all women. Grania’s courage, wisdom proves that she is a new woman emerged in the New Ireland. https://ijels.com/detail/emergence-of-new-woman-in-augusta-gregory-s-grania/ Lekha Nath Dhakal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-10120203-Emergence.pdf Big data plays an increasingly important role in government decision-making. Based on statistical data, this paper studies how to choose the leading industry at the county level by using a factor analysis method, and offers some suggestions for the local government to determine its leading industry. To avoid duplication of leading industries among counties, local governments should determine their leading industries scientifically and effectively and formulate industrial planning based on their resource endowments. https://ijels.com/detail/using-big-data-analysis-to-assist-the-choice-of-leading-industries-in-county-areas/ Mimi Ning, Guanglei Cui https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-101202014-UsingBig.pdf The purpose of this research is to analyze Male and Female Strategy in Reading Comprehension of Narrative Text in SMA Kampus FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar. The results of this study showed that (1) There were Seven Top down Strategy. (2) There were Eight Bottom up Strategy. (3) There were Five Interactive Strategy. Based on the results of research conducted, the researcher is find out male and female students’ strategy in reading comprehension, namely from the results of essay text research and questionnaire texts that male students are more use top down strategies in reading comprehension while female students are more use bottom up strategies in reading comprehension, namely from the results of essay text research and questionnaire texts, and there are some male and female students in using interactive strategies. The research result shown that the male students have a slight difficulty and relatively similar in understanding the Text. https://ijels.com/detail/male-and-female-strategy-in-reading-comprehension-of-narrative-text-at-sma-kampus-fkip-universitas-hkbp-nommensen-pematangsiantar/ Partohap S.R.Sihombing https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-101202025-Maleand.pdf This study aims to find out the rules of laws on children Labors, laws protection on children in Indonesia labors, and what obstacles the realization and existence of laws protection on children labors.The findings of this study are expected to improve the knowledge of law, and specifically to be useful as a reference in comprehending the knowledge of regulations, and obstacles of laws protection on children labors in Indonesia, besides, the finding of this research are also expected to be useful as a reference for further other researches, and as a base alternative for government or lawyers in straightening up laws related to children as labors in Indonesia. The findings of this study are also expected to be published that the society gets the information in regulations, obstacles of laws on children labors. The research method of data collection was Library Research which; bases, conceptions, point of views, doctrines are derived in two main ways the references (general, and specific), as a first general point of references are lagislation, regulations, text books, and dictionaries, and as the second spesific references are journals, research reports,etc. https://ijels.com/detail/legal-protection-analysis-trough-children-s-labor-in-indonesia/ Herlina Panggabean https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-101202026-LegalProtection.pdf The Ibis trilogy of Amitav Ghosh, which comprises three historical fictions, Sea of Poppies(2008), River of Smoke(2011), and Flood of Fire(2015), is a documentary of the opium trade between India and China and the trafficking of people as indentured labors by the East India Company during mid nineteenth century. Diaspora and enigma of crossing the ‘shadow lines’, the geographical boundaries between countries and continents, find room in the trilogy which is a common feature of Ghosh. The merchants, the sailors, or the trading company agents, who crosses the ‘black water’ out of their own interests, share some common experiences of homesickness, anxiety, anguish and adversity with those of the unwilling overseas transporters like the coolies and convicts. Along with these effects, they also share some common grounds, an influential concern, the British colonization as well as the role of East India Company. Almost all the characters of the trilogy are diasporic, who undertake voluntary or forcible movement from their homelands into new regions, are revealed to be somehow connected with the colonization. This paper intends to trace out those functions of the British colonization, specially the opium trade run by the East India Company that constructed the socio-economic life of India and Canton, and how they are responsible for all these enigma of border crossings found in Ibis trilogy. https://ijels.com/detail/colonial-diaspora-in-the-ibis-trilogy-of-amitav-ghosh/ Tasnim Amin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-101202016-Colonial.pdf This paper aims at examining Rawi Hage’s Cockroach (2010) from a pragmatic perspective, and specifically from a Marxist point of view, to see the ideological purpose that the novelist tries to unearth regarding the issue of life in a modern capitalist society. The novel imitates the external world only as a means to the ultimate end of intellectuality to guarantee a moral objective. Therefore, for the accomplishment of this task, the essence of this essay is to analyse Cockroach with reference to Marxist concepts such as; hegemony, capitalism, alienation, and revolution. As a matter of fact, it tends to trace the unnamed narrator’s plunge from a false consciousness into a class consciousness realm. https://ijels.com/detail/from-false-consciousness-to-class-consciousness-a-marxist-reading-of-rawi-hage-s-cockroach-2010/ Abdelhakim Fetnaci, Dr. Yousef Awad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-101202020-FromFalse.pdf Despite the fact that we have been presented with a fixed opposition between the Occident and the Orient, the dynamics of Said’s Orientalism are not valid within the context of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when England was not yet an Empire. In Antony and Cleopatra, gender hierarchy and racial hierarchy are intertwined and are embedded in the love relationship between Antony and Cleopatra. Throughout this period, the Ottoman Empire was the dominant superpower. Europe could not establish any response against this Islamic enemy. In this essay, I argue that, overturning the imperial and gender hierarchies, invokes European anxieties with respect to the rising power of Islam. Efforts against feminization, ‘turning Turk’ and ‘going native’ of Englishmen proves the fear of the authorities from the dominating East. https://ijels.com/detail/re-visiting-orientalism-in-antony-and-cleopatra/ Nastaran Fadaei Heidari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-111201929-Re-visiting.pdf "Payroll is a critical operation for every organization to pay employees accurately their salary and emoluments on time and for a big organization, the idea of taking control of employee pay calculations is quite discouraging[1]”. This study assessed the payroll system of fourteen (14) schools under the Department of Education, Division of Nueva Ecija which are in the large category. The researchers applied a descriptive research design to best describe the payroll system in terms of Accuracy, Safety & Security, Efficiency, Usability and Timeliness. Based on the gathered data, each school uses Microsoft Excel as its tool in computing employees' monthly pay. The results revealed that three (3) areas: Safety & Security, Efficiency and Timeliness,need an improvement. Additionally, the results revealed that the major problem encountered by the payroll makers is the amount of time required in the preparation of payroll. This indicates that there is a need for development in the system to maximize the use of computers and to yield a more secure, accurate, error-free and faster payroll system. https://ijels.com/detail/assessment-of-school-based-payroll-system-basis-for-enhancement/ Jan Michael C. Murla, Jhenalene A. Roasa, Robert V. Reyes, Jonathan S. De Mesa, Mercedes D. Santos https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-101202018-Assessmentof.pdf The paper examines how the Lebanese American novelist Rabih Alameddine in I, The Divine (2002) shows the psychology of hybrid subject in Diaspora. Through creating a fictional space, the author sheds light on how Sarah suffers from fear of intimacy due to a combination of past traumatic experiences: The Lebanese Civil War, the rape scene, separation from her mother. Through a close reading of Alameddine’s novel, the study does not only stress how fear of abandonment, fear of betrayal, and fear of low self- esteem intertwine to form a fear of intimacy in Sarah’s emotional relations, but it also highlights how the protagonist unconsciously avoids attachment as a defense mechanism employing Freud’s ideas. https://ijels.com/detail/fear-of-intimacy-in-rabih-alameddine-s-i-the-divine/ Ikram LECHEHEB https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-101202015-Fearof.pdf The study was conducted on one of the Revenue District Offices in Nueva Ecija. Thirty (30) revenue officers specifically assigned in assessment, collection, client support and compliance section and twenty (20) taxpaying public served as respondents of the study. “It is the Bureau's mandate that they shall comprehend the assessment and collection of the national taxes, fees, and charges, and the enforcement therewith, including the execution of judgments in all cases, decided in its favor by the Court of Tax Appeals and the ordinary courts [1]”. The researchers found out that the strategies of the Revenue District were very effective and recommended that the strategies of the office should be continued the way and manner on how they provide tax collection, as well as maintaining the activities that help the revenuers meet their collection goals in the district. https://ijels.com/detail/strategies-of-a-revenue-district-in-improving-its-tax-collection-and-compliance/ Jane S. Pataueg, Rosalie C. Alejo, Marivic C. Gante, Ma.Rosario M. Bolagao, Ma. Cassandra H. Santos, Marilou P. Pascual https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-101202023-Strategies.pdf The study focused on the factors that influenced senior high school teachers’ turnover decision in private school. The study used descriptive research and causal comparative design. A total of 30 teachers participated in answering the survey questionnaire. A career in teaching nowadays may not be as attractive in private schools as the amount of compensation given by the government in the same position. Furthermore, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Test of significance showed difference between the profiles of the teacher-respondents specifically on the variable educational attainment of higher qualification as the cause of turnover. This further implies that as the teacher attains higher learning that he/she leaves the private school in particular for reason of a better remuneration, future benefits considered. https://ijels.com/detail/senior-high-school-teachers-turnover-a-case-of-a-private-school-as-basis-for-human-resource-management-policy/ Raphael R. Aduna, Jonnel L. Patricio, Jack Alexis G. Torres, Felipe E. Balaria https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-101202030-SeniorHigh.pdf Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) may not have reached the highest levels of maturity; still, it manages to forge an identity of its own in the educational sphere. The intent of this paper is to substantiate the legitimacy of MALL. In particular, this study adopts a content-design approach as a means of researching the reciprocity between the offerings of mobile technology and the imperatives of language learning. The content-design estimation of the different extensions of MALL revealed the multiple affordances of mobile technology in the language learning discourse. Short Message Service (SMS)-based language learning, educational podcasting, mobile social networking, and game-based learning emphasise the potential of mobile technology in a wide range of language learning contexts. Still, for MALL to reach its full potential, it must belong dependently of a valid theoretical and pedagogical orientation in language learning. https://ijels.com/detail/mobile-assisted-language-learning-evidence-of-an-emerging-paradigm/ Nabil MORCHID https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-101202031-MobileAssisted.pdf The book Khowabmana by Akhtaruzzaman Elias reflects the ‘hegemony’ of the bourgeoisie class: in the beginning of the novel as Jamindars and later on as emerging capitalists. The hegemony puts the planters like Tameez under a ‘false consciousness’ that leads him to extreme misery. Thus, he becomes the victim of capitalism and a voiceless subaltern. This study attempts to identify ‘capitalism’ as the catalyst of class antagonism, side by side, it also discovers ‘capitalism’ as a ‘fake dream’ which makes tenant planters like Tameez a subaltern. This study is guided by a number of theoretical frameworks, for instance, Marxist idea of ‘capitalism’ and ‘class antagonism’ along with Engle’s concept of ‘false consciousness’. Gramcsi’s concept of ‘hegemony’ (1999) is used to identify the concealed politics of bourgeois class to make the working class people submissive and voiceless. The ‘New-Capitalist’ class or the former Jamindars employ ISA, i.e. Ideological State Apparatus, and in some cases RSA, Repressive State Apparatus (introduced) by Louis Althusser (1970), to keep the marginalized people dominated. Thus, the dream that has been laid by ‘capitalism’ makes one, i.e. Tameez, a ‘subaltern’; who does not have a voice to rise against suppression as well as a voice to establish his rights. Tameez’s becoming of a subaltern and a voice less character is the ultimate consequence of ‘capitalism’; this underlying politics of ‘capitalism’ is identified by incorporating Spivak’s idea of “Can the Subaltern Speak?” (1988). Moreover, the working class people are always put under a ‘false consciousness’: capitalism is the force that will change their lot and will bring the light of happiness. However, instead of being the Subject, they -- to be specific the marginalized people like Tameez -- become the ‘subject’ of their subjugation, i.e. capitalism; which makes people like him/them a ‘subaltern’ and a dreamer whose dream(s) never get the touch of reality, although their life past centering their dream(s). https://ijels.com/detail/right-to-dream-a-postcolonial-reading-of-tameez-a-dreamer-in-elias-khowabnama-as-a-subaltern-victim-of-capitalism/ Md. Mahfuj Hassan Bhuiyan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-101202029-RighttoDream.pdf Leadership has the power to create, sustain, and destroy an organization. It is the key to effective management. The study described the perceptions of NEUST Campus Directors, College Deans and instructors towards their leadership capabilities in terms of job knowledge and managements skills, language communication, cultural and professional growth and personal and social qualities, and differences between NEUST Campuses directors’ / deans’ and instructors’ perceptions. The descriptive method of research was used in this study. A total of 103 respondents composing of 15 academic deans/directors and 88 college faculty in the 5 campuses of NEUST were surveyed. Mean, Weighted Mean and Standard deviation were used to analyze the gathered data. Based on the foregoing findings, the following conclusions were drawn: First, academic deans/directors have high regard among themselves to be outstanding in their leadership capabilities. This implies that they were confident enough in their leadership capabilities. Second, instructors perceived their deans/directors to be human relations oriented. They cultivated the values of openness, fairness and approachability. Instructors feel comfortable with the “self-assurance” that their administrators were very much concerned of their welfare, personally and professionally. And last, there was incompatibility between deans’/directors self-perception and instructors’ perception in the formers leadership capabilities. There were differences in the ratings of the two groups. Deans/Directors rated themselves good performers. The difference, though, is spatial rather than dimensional. In other words, the qualities that leaders possessed were perceived by both deans and instructors along a similar scale, although the measures varied. In lieu of the stated conclusions, the researchers came up with the following recommendations: First, minimum requirements on qualifications of an academic dean/director based on policies and standards of the Commission on Higher Education should be met before appointing him to the position; Second, an academic dean/director should attend conferences, seminar-workshops in order that he be kept abreast of the latest trends; continuing education will make her more knowledgeable and competent in the performance of his function. Third, faculty meetings should be strengthened such that they can be means of enhancing professional growth; Fourth, an academic dean/director should come out with a functional supervisory program and should closely follow it up; and last, an academic dean/director should be committed to the cause of quality education. https://ijels.com/detail/perceptions-of-neust-instructors-deans-and-directors-toward-leadership-capabilities/ Kim Edward S. Santos, Merlina C. Garcia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-10220204-Perceptionsof.pdf Many cases of sexual and drug abuse, depression, and aggression among Filipinos were triggered by habitual intoxication with alcohol. The study described the the level of awareness on responsible beverage service, reflection on responsible beverage service as a server/manager, and level of priority on responsible beverage service strategies. This study used the descriptive method designed for the researchers to gather information. Likert-scale questionnaires were used to determine perception or view of the respondents regarding this topic and analyze the gathered data through mean and weighted mean. Based on the findings, most of the servers and managers were somewhat and slightly aware of the legal basis and laws on alcoholic beverages. It is recommended that the establishment provide a training or orientation regarding it. In reflection, most of the servers and managers were employing responsible beverage practices. It is recommended to further improve the practices currently employed by the servers and managers of hotels and restaurants. Finally, most of the servers and managers categorized strategies that may prevent consumption of alcoholic beverages as of Low Priority (LP). It is recommended to focus on preventive strategies in compliant with the rules and regulations of governing laws on alcoholic beverages. https://ijels.com/detail/implementation-of-responsible-beverage-service-rbs-of-restaurants-and-hotels-in-nueva-ecija/ Ma. Cecilia P. Reyes, Aileen Y. Vigilia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-10220205-Implementationof.pdf You and I, only two.”(Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish.) From time immemorial, queer sexuality has formed an integral part of the Hindu mythological folklore. However, its interpretation have always been smudgy and vague as these stories, symbols, and rituals have suffered from explanations devoid of adequate enquiry, profound interrogation and wide vision. Therefore, there has remained a chiasmic difference between the queer ideas celebrated in these stories and their shallow interpretations in our Indian society due to the ignorance and rigidity prevalent in it. https://ijels.com/detail/a-queer-journey-mahabharata-to-ghosh-s-chitrangada/ Sheenjini Ghosh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-101202033-AQueer.pdf The aim of this paper is to offer an in-depth analysis of John McGahern’s critical statements on the Irish society of the mid 1960s. This is carried out by combining the notions of mind style (Semino, 2002), split selves (Emmot, 2002) and the blending theory (Fauconnier and Turner, 1994, 2002). The description of two of the main characters of the novel (Mahoney, a widower, and Father Gerald, a priest) and two of the most relevant scenes (the Corpus Christi procession and the young protagonist’s sexual arousal with an advert torn from a newspaper) are analysed in terms of multiple metonymic correspondences which interact within the blend to yield a series of antagonistic metaphors. Through the eyes of the teenage narrator, McGahern makes an outrageous ideological statement against Puritanism and Catholicism. https://ijels.com/detail/mind-style-and-characterization-in-john-mcgahern-s-the-dark/ Salvador Alarcón-Hermosilla, Mónica del Carmen Montoya-Lázaro https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-101202027-MindStyle.pdf The cultivation of critical thinking ability in college English class refers to the cultivation of critical thinking ability that is suitable for college English teaching objectives through direct or indirect learning. How to use the organic combination of the "task-based", "project-based" and "cooperative learning" methods in the classroom to encourage more students to think critically and cultivate more outstanding talents with innovative thinking has become the goal and direction of our college English educators to focus on thinking and exploring. https://ijels.com/detail/on-the-cultivation-of-critical-thinking-ability-in-college-english-class/ Nan Zhang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-10220206-OntheCultivation.pdf Death is a reality, and not a concept. The subject of death has intrigued poets and philosophers since times immemorial. The question is as old as life itself. But to take away one’s own life before the ordained time has neither moral/legal sanction, nor the religious approval. It evokes mixed feelings of pity, fear and a wonder whether the person could have solved the problem in any other rational manner. Psychologists brand them as maniacs and say that they are not brave enough to face the life with all its problems. But to take ‘Death’ as a challenge and to have many encounters with it is something remarkable. https://ijels.com/detail/death-a-challenge/ Dr. Tasneem Anjum https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-101202034-Death.pdf The assessment of colonialism which Jane Eyre promises to make through its correspondence between forms of oppression finally collapses into a mere restlessness about the effects of empire on domestic social relations in England. That disquietude is the only leftover of Bronte's potentially deep-seated revision of the analogy between white women and colonized races, and it is the only unfinished constituent in the ideological closure of the novel. The unsavoury mist which suggests British colonial contact with the racial "other," diffused throughout the ending of the novel, betrays Bronte's persistent anxiety about British colonialism and about her own literary handling of the racial "other," about the technique in which, through repressive metaphorical strategy, she has tried to formulate the world of Jane Eyre "clean." https://ijels.com/detail/jane-eyre-and-its-heteroglossia-colonialism-class-struggle-racial-otherness-and-the-significance-of-the-british-empire/ Partha Sarathi Mandal, Preyona Bhowmik, Debojyoti Roy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-102202019-JaneEyre.pdf Muhammad Hanif and Arundhati Roy are highly appraised and representative writers of Post-Colonial era. They have been highly appreciated and criticized for their thematic concerns in their novels. Marxism can be utilized as a suitable device to break down the novels for new interpretations and it is also stressed the destructive impact of capitalism. This study mirrors struggle of lower class against upper one and unearths the miseries of those who belong to the lower strata of society. Our Lady of Alice Bhatti and The God of Small Things portray how the people belonging to the lower strata undergo marginalization. They are discriminated and exploited by the rich. They are not given the right to get educated. Muhammad Hanif and Arundhati Roy delineate the transformation of women who pass through the process of marginalization. This study explores the Marxist concerns of both the authors to find the concept of marginalization. It shows the status of women both in Pakistani as well as in Indian society. It also shows the brutality of the patriarchal society. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-marginalized-groups-in-our-lady-of-alice-bhatti-and-the-god-of-small-things/ Muhammad Asif Asghar, Maqsood Ahmed, Sana Fatima https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-10220209-AStudyof.pdf The Constitution of Niger Republic stipulates: “All the communities that compose the Nation of Niger have the liberty to use their languages while being considerate of others” (Article 3), but nothing as to the language (uniquely French or also any other native/national languages) in which the business of the national Assembly is to be conducted whereas the Assembly debates are public (Article 75) and intended toward a population of which only 22% is educated. This paper examines the level at which French, the official language or Hausa the major lingua franca and any other national language is used by the Niger Assembly members in carrying out debates. Using some instruments such as questionnaire, tape recorded materials and observations the research reveals, in spite of the constitutional 'vide', the existence of code mixing/code-switching during debates by the Niger legislature. It also investigates the perception/attitude toward those MPs who switch codes, the reason why and the possible impact on the most notable absentees the population. https://ijels.com/detail/code-switching-code-mixing-in-the-national-assembly-of-niger/ Aboubakar Nana Aichatou https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-1020202-Code-Switching.pdf The study explained English learners' pragmatic awareness of EFL learners in using request strategies, those strategies that they used in gaining pragmatic ability in academic and social communication. The paper was presented by a public programmer lead that prioritizes the necessity for English learners to develop their ability to use request successfully in social and academic communications. The study aimed to clarify the important role of strategies on improving learners' pragmatic awareness among Iraqi undergraduate EFL learners. Moreover, most English learners fail to present pragmatic ability on how to use request by relating utterances to their meanings, knowing the intention of language users. There is growing of studies on the effectiveness of strategies on increasing students’pragmatic awareness in EFL college teaching. https://ijels.com/detail/pragmatic-awareness-of-iraqi-undergraduate-efl-learners-in-using-request-strategies/ Nadhim Obaid Hussein, Intan Safinas Mohd Ariff Albakri, Goh Hock Seng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-102202027-Pragmatic.pdf The study attempted to explain the communicative competence, pragmatic instruction , and the role of pragmatic instruction through using activities-based teaching EFL context. The study was presented by a public curriculum lead that prioritizes the necessity for English teachers/ instructors focused on activities when they teach pragmatics in an academic and social context. The research aimed to explain the vital role of activity-based teaching pragmatics on increasing students' communicative competence among EFL students. Moreover, most English students fail to present communicative competence in their communication on how to use pragmatic aspects, speech acts, social expressions, and cultural treatments by relating expressions to their meanings, knowing the intention of language users. There is a growing of researches on the value of activities-based teaching language on increasing learners’ communicative competence in EFL teaching. The pragmatic instruction and activities-based of teaching English to these students have been reflected in details of the present paper. https://ijels.com/detail/developing-undergraduate-efl-students-communicative-competence-through-using-pragmatic-instruction/ Nadhim Obaid Hussein, Intan Safinas Mohd Ariff Albakri, Goh Hock Seng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-102202028-Developing.pdf This study examines the Native Americans’ discourse as revealed in some poems under the title Trail of Tears written by Native American poets and non-Native Americans sympathetic to the cause of indigenous people. A careful examination of such verses showcases that the discourse is always fashioned to yield four distinctive themes: (a) resentment at the atrocities of the settlers and their devastating impact on the Natives; (b) the tragic events as an emblem of ongoing injustice and an inspiration for all American Natives to remember, learn, and protect their identity and resist aggression; (c) genuine faith in the immortality of the soul and the spirituality of the natural world where divine spirits roam and supply moral support and empowerment to oppressed souls; (d) perseverance to protect identity and to keep struggling against aggression until justice is served. Whether the poem is written by an anthologized adept poet or a novice writer, these components are brilliantly articulated to serve the overall purpose of the Natives’ cause–– i.e., to win the support of the world body of justice and to impel fellow Natives to continue resisting the aggression. https://ijels.com/detail/the-trail-of-tears-poems-revisited/ Dr. Adil M. Jamil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-102202012-TheTrail.pdf This study isentitled vintage lifestyle as popular culture on indopinups community in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to find out the meaning of vintage lifestyle for members of the Indopinups community and to find out the communication behavior that is commonly practiced by the Indopinups community. This research used phenomenology method. The result of this study indicated that the Indopinups community vintage lifestyle was closely related to popular culture and also communication. Community members communicated withothersby using lifestyle attributes that became their characteristic that were part of popular culture. Communication behavior in this community is very unique and different from other groups, it has a special term. Beside of the terms commonly used in verbal communication, there were also many special terms for each genre and fashion, hair style and pin up makeup. Some of them also have special nicknames or more popular nicknames such as those often used by pin up icons and Hollywood celebrities https://ijels.com/detail/vintage-lifestyle-as-popular-culture-on-indopinups-community-in-indonesia/ Rahmadya Putra Nugraha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-102202017-VintageLifestyle.pdf This paper examines conflict and the establishment of hybrid identities in Zakes Mda’s The Heart of Redness and Jamaica Kincaid’s Annie John. The study stems from the premise that colonialist ideologies and discourses have adversely affected relationships between the north and the south. From a colonialist perspective, the multicultural configuration of the world skews the Eurocentric move towards the establishment of Western enlightenment in colonial and post-colonial societies. As seen in the novels, the colonial setting becomes a conflict space because colonialism is simultaneously accompanied by psychological or coercive resistance. The colonized resists the discourses that described them as inferior and they also rejected their dehumanization and exploitation by the colonizers. Discourses about the inferiority of colonized people are continuously resisted because the colonized also have a culture which they consider superior to the cultures of the colonizers. These oppositional views create conflict. However, there is the need to gaze into the idyllic pre-colonial societies free from all abhorrent colonialist ideologies and practices. Thus, the realization that cultural tolerance and adaptation are ideal in the face of discrimination and xenophobia reshaped the manner in which African literary writers and critics perceived and conceived their relationship with their ‘former’ colonial masters. This paper probes into the discursive ways in which Zakes Mda and Jamaica Kincaid deconstruct the obnoxious inter-human relationships in their societies. The analyses demonstrate that Kincaid and Mda have consistently shifted to the past in order to make positive reflections that can heal their societies of their various predicaments. They have created a composite culture that fuses past indigenous culture with contemporary Western culture. https://ijels.com/detail/arnold-tumasang-ngwa/ Arnold TUMASANG NGWA https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-102202023-ConflictCultural.pdf The multiple affordances of educational technology are not enough to cause success implementations of technology in education. Theories of knowledge and learning must synchronise with the intent of technology use in education. This paper is set to expose the theoretical and pedagogical mechanisms needed for maximising the reciprocity between education and technology. The constructivist thinking is researched for operational frameworks with the ability to orient technology use in education. The theoretical load of constructivism is optimised to yield distinct learning and teaching practices that carry the epistemological stands of the social constructivist tradition in education. In particular, this paper begins with an analytical perspective as a means for assessing the relationship between education and technology and obtaining credible estimates of the potential of educational technology. Then, the social constructivist thinking is researched for credible itineraries of implementation susceptible to cause valid incorporations of educational technology. https://ijels.com/detail/the-social-constructivist-response-to-educational-technology/ Dr. Nabil MORCHID https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-102202014-TheSocial.pdf This study investigates Bangladeshi students’ perceptions of their EFL anxiety and its effects on their classroom participation in the contexts of two public universities, one situated in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh and the other in Jashore, a periphery of the country. Emphasising on four possible sources of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety, namely communication apprehension, test anxiety, fear of getting negative evaluation and EFL environment-oriented behavioral anxiety, the study collects data through a modified version of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) questionnaire. Students’ perceptions of their classroom participation have been studied through a separate questionnaire devised by the researcher herself. 126 English Department students of the above-mentioned universities were the participants of this research and they were selected through simple random probability sampling. The study identifies a parallel relationship between the urban and the peripheral groups’ perceptions of their EFL anxiety. However, it recognizes a negative correlation between students’ EFL anxiety and classroom participation, indicating that if students’ anxiety level becomes high, the rate of their classroom participation decreases. Finally, the study recommends that to reduce learners’ anxiety and thus increase their active participation in classroom, a flexible, humanistic and convivial learning environment should be ensured. https://ijels.com/detail/students-perceptions-of-their-english-language-anxiety-and-its-role-on-their-classroom-participation-an-exploration-of-efl-anxiety-in-urban-and-peripheral-contexts-of-bangladesh/ Chaity Rany Das https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-102202020-StudentsPerceptions.pdf This article examines the theme of social-psychological alienation in Orwell’s 1984 by focusing on Winston as a character. The theme of alienation has repeatedly studied in the works of Hegel, Marx, Weber, Fromm and Durkheim. However, this article mainly focuses on Seeman’s conceptualization of alienation as a theoretical framework. This paper is limited to clarify the term ‘powerlessness' because it is the dominant concept in the novel. Since this paper offers an understanding of powerlessness, it is a must to first, clearly present the reasons that led to Winston’s feeling of alienation. Understanding Seeman’s concept of alienation (especially on how he clarifies the process, circumstances and results of alienation) is significant as the subject of this study. Certainly, the term ‘alienation’ was not particularly used in the novel, but the concept is clearly shown by the characters, especially Winston. A thematic analysis, combined with Seeman’s concept, offers a better perception of the novel where a deep investigation revealed that Winston develops a sense of alienation due to four reasons, which are totalitarianism, fear, Party’s control of power and information. The findings of this paper could be of many benefits not only for scholars but also for readers who are aware of the circumstances and factors that could lead to the sense of powerlessness and consequently to social-psychological alienation. https://ijels.com/detail/orwell-s-1984-and-the-concept-of-powerlessness/ Mohammad Nusr Al-Subaihi, Hanita Hanim Ismail https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-102202035-Orwell.pdf This paper examines Manchester Happened by Jennifer Nansubuga in the light of postcolonial concepts of essentialism and time. This study is motivated by the observation that relationships between the former colonialists and colonized as represented in contemporary diasporic literature are still characterized by rivalry, racism and ideologies about the backwardness of Africans, Caribbeans and Asians. The creation of the Commonwealth of Nations has not served as a platform to eradicate the inauspicious binary matrices that existed in the days of the British Empire. African migrants in England are unable to effectively integrate themselves in the socio-economic sphere since their ‘Otherness’ remains a consideration for rejection. Oppression and marginalization are therefore presented as traits in Western culture whereas the spirit of community, attachment to cultural values and the desire to foster the ideals of the past characterize Ugandan indigenous attitudes as presented in Manchester Happened. From this problematic stance, the following research questions were derived: How is home constructed in Manchester? What is the significance of making journeys back to the homeland? This study is therefore predicated upon the claim that Ugandans in Manchester exhibit trends of their indigenous culture as they seek to assert their cultural identity in the diaspora and back home in Uganda. Globalization and modernity affect some characters that are enamored by Western attitudes. However, Nansubuga presents Ugandans who embody native customs which they practice daily in Manchester, and besides, they regularly travel to Uganda for other communal rites. In these instances, value is ascribed to native customs and the heritage from their ancestral past. https://ijels.com/detail/essentializing-ugandan-indigenous-cultures-in-jennifer-nansubuga-makumbi-s-manchester-happened/ Arnold TUMASANG NGWA https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-102202021-Essentializing.pdf The present research is a contrastive study that aims at investigating the persuasive strategies used by the previous Algerian Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia in his political talks in both Arabic and French. It sheds light on persuasive strategies as an important aspect of communication manifesting in plethoric contexts including advertisement, classroom, and so on. This research is conducted within Aristotle’s (1939) theory of Ethos, Pathos and Logos and analyzed a set of eight political interviews and press conferences (4 in Arabic and 4 in French) in which Ahmed Ouyahia is involved . The findings reveal some parallels and differences in the employment of persuasive strategies cross linguistically. The Algerian Prime Minister and leader of RND exhibited the use of Logos as the most prevalent rhetorical strategy in both Arabic and French talks, followed by Pathos and Ethos with different degrees of application. The study displays that the most used appeals in Arabic and French are statistics, emotional, and play on words appeals. Additionally, the results indicate that the higher use of Pathos elements in the French data may be attributed to Ouyahia’s intellectual background, ideology or interpersonal practice. Further, the invocation of some religious forms to show more credibility and consistency were peculiar to Arabic data. Moreover, the analysis showcases that Ouyahia employed a variety of appeals tackling divergent topics to persuade, manipulate and win the audience’s approval. The conduct offers a set of pedagogical implications to the ELT teaching and learning context. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-persuasive-strategies-in-the-political-talks-of-ahmed-ouyahia-a-contrastive-study-of-arabic-and-french/ Nour El Houda Abd Elhai https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-102202018-AnAnalysis.pdf The paper exploresthe influence of Indian Ancient Philosophy and its significant strand in the American literary tradition. Why did culture, myth, history and philosophy of the East fascinate such a towering figure of the mid- 19th century Classic American literature, R.W. Emerson. This is an attempt to analyze how he looked towards the East for creative inspiration and sustained spiritual guidance. The investigation tries to trace the instances where he holds the Middle East in great esteem and regards the intellectual feats of Oriental civilizations. The study finds that Emerson provided the American people with a new momentum of literary milieu. There was every reason for the people of America to go through the ancient literature, to study history, fictions, culture, religions and spirituality. The curiosity in having discussion about the East increased. The Eastern Studies became their prime attention. The American erudition praises the Ancient Wisdom after they had exuded in turning page after page to penetrate into the Harem of the East.What makes this study especially interesting and is worth establishing is the Cultural variations with great possibilities of cross- cultural influences as an integral part of Emerson’s engagement with the Eastern philosophy. https://ijels.com/detail/influence-of-ancient-indian-wisdom-on-r-w-emerson-s-literary-corpus/ Dr. Hafiz Mohammad Arif, Dr. Mohammad Tariq (Tariq Faraz) https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-102202026-Influenceof.pdf With the growing diversity of students attending university, the factors affecting academic performance are becoming increasingly relevant.This paper described the institutional factors and the major category of the institutional factor affecting academic performance of marketing students in Nueva Ecija. This paper used descriptive method of research as itutilized survey questionnaire with likert-scale responses. A total 213 college students from private universities and colleges in Nueva Ecija were surveyed in this paper. Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that institutional factors categorized as instructional material and utility have minor affect to the academic performance of students. While the people and infrastructure category have moderate affect. Thus, the researchers recommended to improve the people and infrastructure categories of institutional factors to further uplift the academic performance of the marketing students.In the foregoing findings, the researchers specifically found out that method of lecture delivery as one of the institutional factors is the most influential affecting the performance of the students academically. Thus, the researchers recommended to focus on the development of methodologies of lecture delivery to further improve the academic performance which results to quality education. https://ijels.com/detail/institutional-factors-affecting-academic-performance-of-marketing-students-in-nueva-ecija/ Kim Edward S. Santos, Antonio Jose D. Celis https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-102202039-Institutional.pdf Marketing experts studied the processes and behaviors that business customers used in their buying activities, and enabled research to better understand and maintain their business customers. This paper determined the indicators of buying influence in business markets in terms of: environmental influences, organizational influences, situational influences, interpersonal influences and individual influences; and determined the level of influence to the buying decision perceived by marketing students. This paper used descriptive method. A total of 317 students (219 Female and 98 Male) taking up Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Marketing Management from State Universities and Colleges in Nueva Ecija were surveyed in this paper. https://ijels.com/detail/indicators-of-buying-influence-in-business-markets-perceived-by-marketing-students/ Angelo R. Santos https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-102202045-Indicatorsof.pdf Valluvanad was one of the final frontiers for western civilization. A land of immense beauty inhabited by people with strange traditions and practices which could at best is called Paganism. Hinduism which used to be practiced here and identified itself more with the plethora of indigenous beliefs than with the Vedas. Though Tippu Sultan’s invasion and the subsequent British rule did expose them to the world outside, they remained in their small universe happy and content. Hence till the 1970’s most of this region was untouched by modernity therefore unlike the rest of Kerala, still have Tharavads, sacred grooves called pambinkavu, velichapad and of course the rich mythology inherited from ancesters. One of the integral parts of this mythology is the supernatural world inhabited by Odiyans and practitioners of Odiyanseva. Odiyan and the stories associated with it is a major part of folklore. The Odiyan is a mythical figures really, a kind of shape shifting assassin from the stories of Northern Kerala. Odiyans are like any other creature of the night; like vampires, ghosts and succubi, creatures born out of fear and darkness. The legend is still alive though and people in rural areas do believe in the Odiyan. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-magical-realism-in-odiyan-through-the-collective-conscious-of-paruthipulli/ Dhema K.S, Shalini S, Aishwarya J Nair https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-10202010-AStudy.pdf This article looks at how the northeastern literature presents the gender roles that are different from rest of the country using the works of TemsulaAo. The texts used here are The Pot Maker and The Last Song from her well known works ‘These Hills Called Home: Stories from a War Zone’. These are the short stories set in the northeastern region of the country where the characters go through a number issues ranging from gender inequality to cruelty imposed due to insurgency. https://ijels.com/detail/the-position-of-women-in-the-short-stories-the-last-song-and-the-pot-maker-by-temsulaao/ Rashmi Naik https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-102202015-Theposition.pdf Understanding gender discrimination relationships is essential, particularly in the workplace context where it may impact on employee relationships and their opportunities for career advancement. The study described the gender discrimination experiences, and career advancement of instructors in terms of salary, promotion and training and development. Also, the study determined the significant gender differences in terms of discrimination experiences and career advancement. The descriptive method of research was used in this study. A total of 93 teaching personnel (37 females, 25 males, and 31 LGBTs) were surveyed using a questionnaire with likert-scale responses. Based on the results of the study, the researcher concluded that teaching personnel from private schools, in general, rarely experienced gender discrimination in their schools. But there were specific experiences that they sometimes experienced like their gender influences their profession and their suggestions and opinions are sometimes unaccounted. There was also career advancement in terms of salary and promotion but not in training and development. And, there was no significant gender difference in terms of discrimination experiences and career advancement among male, female and LGBT teaching personnel from private school. It is then recommended by the researcher that private schools should have capacity building in dealing with gender discrimination among their teacher personnel and also the schools must have focal person to talk to for the career advancement of the teaching personnel especially in terms of training and development. Support from other staff of the schools is highly encouraged. https://ijels.com/detail/experienced-gender-discrimination-at-workplace-of-teaching-personnel-from-private-schools-in-pampanga/ Geena Baltazar Hipolito https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-10320201-Experienced.pdf Leila Halaby’s Once in a Promised Land serves as a powerful counter-narrative to post-9/11 Islamophobic discourses. The novel critically explores the racial profiling, state surveillance, and societal prejudices that Arab Americans faced in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks. Through the experiences of Salwa and Jassim, the narrative dismantles stereotypes surrounding Islam and Arab identities, while interrogating the American Dream. Halaby also challenges Orientalist perspectives on Muslim oppression and highlights the intersectionality of race and gender in Islamophobic violence, offering a nuanced critique of post-9/11 societal and political practices. https://ijels.com/detail/arab-american-identity-and-resistance-a-counter-narrative-to-islamophobia-in-leila-halaby-s-once-in-a-promised-land/ Faisal P https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-102202051-ArabAmerican.pdf