https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usOctober 5 Many have categorized Jhumpa Lahiri’s oeuvre as the “immigrant genre”, in which the immigrants search for a location where they can feel at home in their new homeland. All her works explore this element of diaspora where there is a generational tension between immigrant parents and their children, clash of cultures, the conflicts of assimilation, and displacement in their new societies. The Lowland, to some part, deals with this usual immigrant experiences, but what sets the novel apart from all her previous works is that it has the complexity of a political novel whereby the writer uses and explores the Naxalite political movement in India as the background on which the main plot of the book drifts. Such subjects have never been covered by Lahiri before. One of the protagonists of the novel joins this movement, and its repercussion on his family members forms the core of the novel. While the writer does not delve into a political discussion of the movement itself, it forms the basis of the whole plot of the novel. It talks about how a person’s engagement in the naxalite movement affects a grueling three generations of his family after he is killed by the police. This paper shall therefore focus on the political aspect of the novel by presenting the political and personal side by side and by analyzing how politics affects the personal lives of the characters. https://ijels.com/detail/covert-influence-of-politics-on-the-lives-of-jhumpa-lahiri-s-characters-in-the-lowland/ Rinchen Dorji https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-108201939-Covertinfluence.pdf The aim of this paper is to show about the development of feelings, respect, discipline, honest are the essential requirement of all round personality development for learner through art education at secondary stage. https://ijels.com/detail/developing-attitude-love-and-value-of-art-education-at-the-secondary-stage/ Huidrom Rakesh Singh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-108201940-Developing.pdf This paper analyses the right to intimacy and love in the novels of Indian writer Manju Kapur, considering it as a strong dimension of Feminism. Being bold and audacious enough to break the barriers of orthodox prudery, Manju Kapur gives voice to the hitherto subdued feminism in Indian English fiction. The twenty first century fiction firmament has seen the rise of certain brilliant stalwarts like Khaled Husseini and Paulo Coelho but when it comes to Indian writing in English, we find Jhumpa Lahiri, Kiran Desai and Manju Kapur, making a distinct place for themselves. But my focus is on Manju Kapur as she resides in India and especially because she has graduated with more poise and panache in the cosy canopy of intimacy in her last three novels. It is a psychologically proved fact that Intimacy is beneficial for individual health and well being. Individuals who perceive their spouses to be supportive confidantes are buffered from the pathogenic effects of stress. In contrast, people whose intimacy needs are not met feel lonelier (Rubenstein and Shaver 1982) and their relationships are more prone to dissolution (Hendrick 1981). Its course can be seen working in the marital journey of Astha and Hemant, Nina and Ananda, Virmati and Professor Harish and the families of Sona and Rupa. We have to look at intimacy from the marital point of view because of the socio-cultural context of India where Manju Kapur writes. “Even marriage, in the true religious sense of Holy Matrimony, does not depend on a romantic attraction to hold it together; instead it derives its meaning as an unbreakable act of family and societal service between a man and a woman to a mutual divine love.”3 But then peeping deep into the philosophy of intimacy and especially the politics of marital intimacy, we fathom how difficult it gets to achieve that much-idealised and over-hyped divine love as the stark individuality of both husband and wife starts coming to the fore. Hemant in A Married Woman is busier in his business of making TVs while Astha keeps pining for his attention. Similarly, Ananda in The Immigrant tries to camouflage his sexual impotency by being busy in his work, not realizing the fact that how much Astha missed Anand especially because he was his anchor in this country. Neena needed more of this intimacy as she left her career and her country for him. And no doubt things get aggravated when in a foreign country. She confesses, “I don’t know what I want. At home it was much clearer. I feel so lost here.’ https://ijels.com/detail/right-to-intimacy-as-an-expression-of-feminism-in-the-works-of-writer-manju-kapur/ Dr Archana Rathore https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-10920193-RighttoIntimacy.pdf The African literature abounds with the rich contextual theories of post colonialism conglomerated by the genres of poetry, fiction, drama and pure theoretical works which breathed their life give synergy through the continent’s experience of brutal colonization. The heart of darkness is not heartless. The darkness does not pervade the inner core of humanity of the Dark Continent, it is darkness of the West masters which made them to see it with their blind eyes - for a blind man everything seems dark. Ngugi Wa Thiongo hails from Kenya as a critic of post colonial literature and politics. His vivid narrative of protest against the maneuvers of suppressive nature of neo colonization where white masters are replaced by the black native masters who were just shadows of the colonizers devoid of any pride or sense of dignified identity. He triumphantly wielded ‘Gikuyu’ against alien linguistic domination to express the local aura of Africanism. He experienced the horrors of communal violence between Christians and non-Christians the despondency of which made him remove the surname James and prompted to become Ngugi Wa Thiongo. ‘Decolonizing the Mind: the Politics of Language in African Literature' which urges for ideological as well as linguistic decolonization is a milestone in African literature which focuses on the prospects of using native tongue instead of colonizer’s language to represent the essence of African living experience. Chinua Achebe and Ngugi stand apart from each other on the idea of language for initiating the process of decolonization. My paper would discuss the various aspects of language and ideological framework of the African colonialism which is present in ‘Decolonizing the Mind’, and the difference between post colonialism and the process of decolonization. I also strive to construe ‘Language the suitable’ for protest, for realization and for creation of self. https://ijels.com/detail/the-bullet-and-the-language-were-the-means-of-subjugation-ngugi-s-approach-to-study-the-phenomena-of-enslavement-a-close-study-of-the-decolonizing-the-mind/ M Bal Raj https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-10920194-TheBullet.pdf The present paper is an attempt to study the violence and hostility in Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan. To achieve the aim of the study, the violence and hostility which emerged from the partition of British India are evaluated by the parameters: Sikhs and Muslims, India and Pakistan, People and Government, Men and Women, and Peace and Conflict. How the partition affects the people of Mano-Majra? This has been evaluated through these parameters of the study. Here the study is an attempt to explore the consequences which affected the people of both side of the borders; India and Pakistan. The rise of violence and hostility among the dwellers of Mano-Majra, the neighbors of centuries are affected due to this phenomena. Partition shook their roots of togetherness and created fear and anxiety. At the end they got nothing except suffering, human and property lose, woman were raped and shattered their faith against violence and hostility prevailing everywhere in the crisis of identity, individuality and liberty. What factors lead the consequences primarily hostility and violence, have elaborated in the paper. https://ijels.com/detail/hostility-and-violence-as-consequences-of-turbulent-partition-in-khushvant-singh-s-train-to-pakistan/ Milind Kantilal Solanki, Pratap B. Ratad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-108201934-Hostilityand.pdf In this text the work of Frederick Delius is presented in the context of English musical culture at the turn of the XIXth and XXth century. His life is also very interesting because he, as a composer of Dutch origin, became active among different cultures, English and French and more, he took his education in Germany. In my opinion, his music reveals the type of tone-painting due to fact of his method of treating music in the romantic mood and using technical procedures of that time. I managed also to discover and define many topics in his art. These topics that are connected with nature, feelings and the Europen culture help us to understand his music since it can not be examined by commonly known analytical methods. His work one can be outlined as a kind of romantic sensual impressionism. In addition, a picture of the work of Frederick Delius is completed by the descriptions of his best works. This article is based on the large list of documents respecting the life and the work of this composer. An author of the book concerning the French impressionism, Michel Fleury, has included the work of Delius in the circle of the impressionistic composers altogether with Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel. https://ijels.com/detail/frederick-delius-1862-1934-his-music-as-a-tone-painting-creation-among-different-cultures/ Jolanta Szulakowska https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-108201922-FrederickDelius.pdf This study aims to explain and describe the causative factors of language errors in semantic on the students’ assignment papers. The subjects of this study were students who had taken MKU-BI (Indonesian General Course) courses at Widya Mandala Madiun Catholic University, who came from various disciplines. This research uses descriptive qualitative research, and observation and field note techniques as data collection techniques. The results of the data are documents (in the form of students’ assignment papers) and students’ interviews. Data analysis techniques used in this study is sharing methods or distribution methods with advanced techniques in the form of extension (expansion) techniques and changing forms. The conclusions of the study are the causative factors of language errors at the syntactic level caused by (1) Affected by the language that was mastered first, (2) Language users’ lack of understanding over the use of the language, (3) Language teaching that is less precise or imperfect. https://ijels.com/detail/the-causative-factor-of-semantic-error-in-the-students-assignment-papers-at-widya-mandala-madiun-catholic-university-indonesia/ Pramudita Septiani, Sarwiji Suwandi, Budhi Setiawan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-108201935-TheCausative.pdf The aim of this paper is to assess Indonesian students’ intercultural sensitivity after taking 600 hours of Intercultural Communication course. The second year students of English Education Department of IKIP Siliwangi have to join Intercultural Communication course for two credit hours. About 36 students were involved in this research. They filled out an Intercultural Sensitivity questionnaire which investigates five dimensions of intercultural sensitivity competence: 1) interaction engagement, 2) respect for cultural differences, 3) interaction confidence, 4) interaction enjoyment and 5) interaction attentiveness. The result of this research reveals that despite the improvement of students’ intercultural sensitivity after taking the 600 hours of Intercultural Communication course, there is still some room available for improvement in terms of the general level of Indonesian students’ intercultural sensitivity. The improvement of intercultural sensitivity will also influence the improvement of intercultural communicative competence. https://ijels.com/detail/assessing-intercultural-sensitivity-a-case-study-of-indonesian-efl-students/ Isry Laila Syathroh, Intan Satriani, Iman Santoso https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-JUL-2019-38-AssessingIntercultural.pdf The services in the banks are performed by the employees, and these services should be conducted affectively. The Bank should assure the employees satisfaction in order to enhance the employees' engagement level and motivate the employees to do their best in the working environment. The economic benefits of human resource practices (such as promotions and rewards) play important role in motivate the employees in the working environment through satisfy their extrinsic needs. The main challenge of HRP management is the employees' trust of leaders toward these practices in the organization. This paper aims to reviews the role of HRP manages in the employees' satisfaction in the bank. The review of literature is conducted to address the main aim of this paper. The paper result indicates that in order to enhance the level of employees' satisfaction and working engagement, the leaders should provide effective economic benefits of HRP, the HRP policies should transparent and clear for the employees, and the leaders must honest in apply the HRP policies as real actions in working environment. A conceptual model is suggested to fill the research gap, and the contribution of the suggested model is the presentation of various dimensions of HRP management in the context of employees' satisfaction. https://ijels.com/detail/review-the-role-of-the-transparency-commitment-of-human-resource-practices-in-the-employee-s-satisfaction-in-banking-sector/ Bassam Mohsin Mozael, Dr. Norsamsinarbinti Samsudin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-10920195-Reviewthe.pdf Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) case in Tegal is quite high. In recent years (2016-2018), there has been an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever which resulted in 24 deaths. In this regard, a fast and accurate control system is needed. One of them is spatial-based interactive information system for DHF. This study aimed to develop a spatial-based DHF information system that produced complete, accurate, easily accessible, and punctual information. DHF information system developed was website-based. This research was a research survey with qualitative approach. Qualitative data were collected by observation and interview methods. Sampling based on purposive sampling method. System development using the FAST method. Pre and Post data collection time approaches by assessing respondents' perceptions of the quality of information produced by the system before and after the development of the information system. The result of this study was a spatial-based interactive DHF information system with output map of the location of DHF cases according to the patient’s address and DHF risk factors in the form of ABJ and altitude. Testing the quality of information before and after the development of the DHF information system, showed a weighted average increase in five aspects of information quality. https://ijels.com/detail/spatial-based-information-system-for-early-precaution-of-dengue-hemorrhagic-fever/ Yulianti N., Mursid Raharjo, Eko Sediyono https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-10920192-SpatialBased.pdf PAD is the abbreviated form of presentation, assimilation and discussion, which is "The Original Teaching Mode in China". It is mainly a new teaching method proposed in view of the current situation of the classroom in colleges and universities in China. It can improve the teaching effect by enhancing students' learning initiative. Starting with the connotation of PAD, combining the current situation of College English classes and the author’s experience, this paper analyses the feasibility of PAD in College English teaching and discusses the existing problems. The author believes that the method provides a new model for college English teaching reform, which is innovative and worth further exploration in practice. It is expected to be more widely used in teaching activities at all levels and disciplines. https://ijels.com/detail/the-application-and-reflection-of-pad-in-college-english-teaching/ Jingling Zhang, Peiwei Zheng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-10920199-TheApplication.pdf The Sphinx was one of Emerson’s most enigmatic poems, in which Emerson presented questions in voices of the Sphinx and the great mother, and the poet’s response to the questions. This article was a tentative study of the poem in terms of its meaning by analyzing the images of the Sphinx, the great mother and the poet from the perspective of Humanism. https://ijels.com/detail/on-emerson-s-poem-the-sphinx-from-the-perspective-of-humanism/ Peiwei Zheng, Zhang Jingling https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-109201911-OnEmerson.pdf Postcolonial scholars are largely in consensus that the modern Indian literary historiography is a gift of our colonial legacy. Most of these scholars have looked at the classical Sanskrit texts and their treatment by the Orientalists. One genre that is often ignored, however, by them, is that of fables. Fables formed a significant section of the Indian literature that was studied by the orientalists. The colonial intellectuals’s interest in selected Indian fables is reflected in H.H. Wilson’s essay entitled “Hindu Fiction”. The essay not only helps in deconstruting the motive behind British pre-occupation in the genre but also is significant in deconstructing the colonial prejudices which plagued the minds of the nineteenth century European scholars in general and colonial scholars in particular regarding the Asian and African communities and their literature. https://ijels.com/detail/construction-of-an-indian-literary-historiography-through-h-h-wilson-s-hindu-fiction/ Astha Saklani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-109201913-Construction.pdf This study described English learners' pragmatics development, learners' pragmatics competence in the selected speech act of request as a one of the most impotence aspects of pragmatic, request strategies that they utilized in gaining pragmatic ability. The study was presented by a public curriculum lead that prioritizes the necessity for English students to develop their ability to utilize request strategies positively in academic and cultural communications. Moreover, Many English students fail to present pragmatic aspects on how to understand different strategies by relating utterances to their meanings, knowing the intention of language users, and how request strategies are utilized in specific locations. There is developing material of studies on awareness-raising of the value of pragmatic competence and request strategies for EFL schoolroom teaching. However, researchers have pointed to concentrate on the traditional methods rather than how English learners require or understand request strategies to develop the students' production of request in the EFL schoolroom. The request strategies and methods of teaching English to these Iraqi learners have been deliberated in details of the existing paper. https://ijels.com/detail/the-role-of-strategies-on-developing-iraqi-learners-usage-of-request-in-efl-classroom/ Nadhim Obaid Hussein, Intan Safinas Mohd Ariff Albakri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-JUL-2019-34-TheRoleof.pdf Vocabulary is one of the most pivotal but complex aspects to English language students. To achieve the knowledge of English vocabulary requires students to have specific learning strategies.Using contextual clues is considered one of the essential strategies that can guide students to figure out the meanings of unknown words. This study, therefore, aims at exploring the effects of using contextual clues on English-majored students’ vocabulary retention and reading comprehension at Bac Lieu University, Vietnam (henceforth called BLU). Sixtytwo second-year English majored students were randomly selected for the study and divided into the experimental and control groups. Quantitative data were collected through three instruments namely, pre-test, experiment and post-test. The results revealed that using contextual clues positively affected students’ vocabulary retention and reading comprehension. This study is expected to shed light on students’ vocabulary and reading’s improvement through the use of contextual clues in Vietnamese context and in other similar educational contexts as well. https://ijels.com/detail/effects-of-using-contextual-clues-on-english-vocabulary-retention-and-reading-comprehension/ Le Van Tuyen, Vo ThiNgoc Huyen https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-109201920-Effectsof.pdf The present research aims to analyze the writing style of Chinua Achebe in his novel Things Fall Apart. The focus of this research is a stylistic analysis of figures of speech, as classified by Leech and Short as one of stylistic categories, in connection with the author’s purpose of delivering his message to the readers. The findings of the research confirmed that some figures of speech, such as metaphor, simile, personification, and onomatopoeia, are foregrounded by the author to convey meaning and heighten effect so that they helped transmit the author’s purpose. They were used to describe the characterization of the protagonist, the description of the white men as the antagonist, the description of the Igbo’s traditions, and the description of the setting of place. Chinua Achebe has successfully made use of the figures of speech to clearly describe the unique life of the native Africans. https://ijels.com/detail/a-stylistic-analysis-of-chinua-achebe-s-things-fall-apart/ Marcella Melly Kosasih https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-109201917-AStylistic.pdf Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a type infectious disease that often causes extraordinary events in Indonesia. Pringsewu District is one area that has experienced an increase in dengue cases every year. One of the risk factors for the occurrence of DHF is the presence of breeding places and vector density. Vector density can be measured through ABJ, HI, and CI values. This research aims to determine the region’s level of vulnerability against DHF incidents, the relationship of Breeding Place existence, ABJ, HI and CI with DHF incidents in Pringsewu District. This research uses an observational analytic method with a cross sectional approach, data are analyzed using overlay map and correlation statistical tests. The results showed that there was a relationship between breeding place (p=0,000), ABJ (p=0,000), HI (p=0,000), and CI (p=0,000) with the incidence of DHF. https://ijels.com/detail/spatial-analysis-of-breeding-place-and-larva-density-existence-with-dhf-dengue-hemorrhagic-fever-incidence-rate-in-pringsewu-district-indonesia/ Yuliana Nina Yuanita, Onny Setiani, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-109201918Spatial.pdf Thirteen Cents is set in Cape Town, South Africa following the 1994 democratic election of Nelson Mandela which formally marked the end of apartheid. While Duiker does not comment on government affairs directly, the social and political context of post-apartheid South Africa as it applies to the individual constitutes a major part of the novel. The child narrator witness’s crime, violence and misery upon his arrival in Sea Point. Soon enough, the reader realizes that this witnessing initiates further exploration of crucial aspects of post-Apartheid life in the city—how and why, for example, Cape Town, the inhabitants, and certain neighbourhoods, Sea Point in particular, are poorly considered. This study investigates the complications of freedom. A racial divide once enforced by law has become an economic divide that falls mostly along racial lines. Scholarly interpretations on Duiker abound but some measure of novelty in this work, though, is the way in which Sea Point is mapped in a very detailed manner, providing a clear, physical sense of the city. The study alternates between the realist and surrealist traditions as the protagonist experiences different realms of consciousness in other to stimulate the author’s critique of South Africans society. Duiker provides an excruciatingly realistic description of the dislocation and breakdown of communities and families in post-liberation South Africa. However, the apocalyptic ending as perceived through Azure’s eyes indicates the possibility for the growth of a more hopeful future. https://ijels.com/detail/k-sello-duiker-s-thirteen-cents-an-indictment-of-south-africa-s-post-apartheid-society/ Dr. Chinyere T. Ojiakor, Asso. Prof. Aloy Nnamdi Obika https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-108201932-K.Sello.pdf Limited knowledge and devastating perceptions about mental illness remain a concern in various countries of the world, especially in developing countries. This lack of knowledge has been found in studies as a key cause of weird beliefs people have about mental illnesses (particularly schizophrenia). Generally, schizophrenics are widely misunderstood and stigmatized in Kenya. They are made fun of, blamed and criticized for their sickness. There is a dearth of information in the Kenyan context. This study sought to find out the cultural attributes associated with deviant language among trilingual schizophrenics in Nakuru Level Five Hospital. The study adopted a phenomenological qualitative design underpinned by the Multilingual Production Model. The main instrument of data collection was questionnaire and group focus discussion.Data were drawn from six health personnel and six relatives of the schizophrenics obtained through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed descriptively. The transcribed data were evaluated for social attributes linked to schizophrenia. The study’s findings indicate that superstitions; family living condition; stressful life events and divine are some of the cultural and belief systems associated with the trigger of schizophrenia for those predisposed to the condition. This study will enlighten linguists, psychologists, relatives and kin of the patients and teachers in all institutions of learning. https://ijels.com/detail/perceptions-of-communicative-behaviour-of-schizophrenics-by-relatives-in-nakuru-level-five-hospital-in-nakuru-county-kenya/ Joseph Maina, Eliud Kiruji Kirigia and James Ogola Onyango https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-10920196-Perceptions.pdf Nazim Hikmet (1902 to 1963) and Yasar Kemal (1923 -) were regarded as significant modern writers of Turkey. They have contributed to the literary significance of Turkish poetry in the world literature. The literary contributions of these authors have revealed Turkey’s vibrant literary scene and legacy within the world literature. The works delivered by them have influenced the literary lovers and even contemporary writers of Turkey with their resemblance of literary style. The works delivered by these writers have nominated them for the noble prize. The poetry and literary contributions of these modern writers of Turkey are significant with unique writing style mixed with romantic flavor and humorous touch. The modern writers have narrated the culture and fiction of Eastern and Western heritage. The versatile writing style was enriched with fiction combined with romantic flavor with vibrant literary scene with magical realism and folklore. In this paper we are presenting the trends of modern writers of turkey influenced the narrating and writing style of contemporary writers. The writing style, culture, fiction and romantic touch of modern writers are inherited by Nazim Hikmet and Yasar Kemal. The influential factors of these writers have discussed in this paper. https://ijels.com/detail/the-significance-of-modern-writers-of-turkey-and-their-influence-on-contemporary-english-novel/ Showket Ibraheem Bakheet Almuhamedy, Najim Abdullah Hammood, Samer Dhahir Mahmood https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-108201923-TheSignificance.pdf 'Kalila wa Dimna' fables are tales which include short tales revolving around two human-characterized animals which are often in opposition. This opposition gives rise to the existence of a binary implying two contrasting concepts ascribed to these two animals. (positive and negative terms), which in turn are linked to further semiotic relationships constituting the oppositional binary. To arrive at the meaning of a binary, it must be analyzed to show how the fable's meaning is constructed. The most workable model is that of Greimas' Semiotic Square which can be utilized to distinguish the types of opposition involved and to explore the types of the relationship underlying the oppositional relationship constituting the fable's binary. Two fables of 'Kalila wa Dimna' have been selected to be analyzed in terms of Greimas' square The study concludes that the two animals in Aesop's Fables generally represent two opposing terms (positive and negative) which are semiotically further analyzed into two implicit relationships (contradiction and implication). In other words, the componential meaning of a binary is based on the interrelations between these contrasting terms. https://ijels.com/detail/utilizing-greimas-semiotic-square-in-the-analysis-of-binarism-in-some-selected-fables-of-kalila-wa-dimna/ Zainab Alaa Abd Al-Hassan Al-Hiloo, Fatima Raheem Abd Al-Hussein Al-Mosawi, Ala' Dhafer Amer Al-Jarry https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-109201932-Utilizing.pdf Magic realism is a distinct subgenre of writing that works on the mechanism of paradoxes of placing two opposites together to make a rich and complex meaning – the fusion of real and fantastic as Angel Flores calls it ‘amalgamation of realism and fantasy’. Magic Realism can also be read as a Postcolonial weapon as it fight backs the traditional tendencies and the staunch realism of western literature. Female voices have also employed magic realism to say aloud the problems of women across the globe. Magic Realism has thrived well in the hands of women writers across cultures and continents. Toni Morrison, Isabel Allende, Laura Esquivel, Chitra Divakaruni Banerjee, Arundhathi Roy, Sarah Addison Allen, Yaa Gyasi, Raja Alem etc. This paper proposes to bring into limelight the Latin American Women Writers who are often left out to be mentioned along the list of men Latin American writers. https://ijels.com/detail/magical-feminism-the-female-voices-of-magic-realism-in-isabel-allende-s-the-house-of-the-spirits-and-laura-esquivel-s-like-water-for-chocolate/ R. Ranjini Selvarani, Dr. M. S. Zakir Hussain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-109201922-MagicalFeminism.pdf The study was conducted in the Nueva Ecija Provincial Jail (NEPJ) located at Caalibangbangan, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. Ninety (90) inmates and ten (10) jail personnel served as respondents of the study. The NEPJ provides the strict implementation of the rules and regulations in the custody and security of inmates. Both provincial personnel and inmates know that all the security procedures in the jail activities are highly implemented. A prisoner accused of breaking the rules does not have all the rights during the trial because a prison disciplinary proceeding is not the same as in criminal prosecution[1]. Among other things, the researchers recommended that the administration of NEPJ should continue the way and manner on how they provide very effective security operation, as well as in maintaining the activities that help the inmates make a better relationship with the provincial jail and other inmates. https://ijels.com/detail/an-evaluation-of-the-maintenance-of-peace-and-order-in-nueva-ecija-provincial-jail/ Mary Chris A. Austria-cruz, MA. Cecilia P. Reyes https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-109201926-AnEvaluation.pdf This paper focuses on the status quo of China's population aging , that is, the current Chinese society is faced with the characteristics of aging: (1) the age structure of the labor force is aging, and there is a tendency to catch up with Japan and South Korea ; (2) the old-age dependency ratio and the child-rearing ratio rise simultaneously that brings double pressure to society ; (3) China's process of enrichment in the old process is also accelerating ; (4) The rapid rise of aging is slowly coming. At the same time, the related researches on the aging of the population in this field are discussed, and the relationship between population aging and human capital is complicated. The aging of the population affects the human capital transmission on economic growth, positive for economic growth or negative. At the same time, this paper compares the status quo of China's population aging with the three typical aging countries: the United States, Japan, and Korea. https://ijels.com/detail/china-s-population-aging-human-capital-and-economic-growth-comparison-with-the-united-states-japan-and-korea/ Mingliang Zhu, Tiegang Zhang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-109201927-ChinasPopulation.pdf The paperthrows light on the myriads of Parsi culture and tradition.It explores the hypocrisy and double standards of the male patriarchy of Parsis society in The Crow Eaters.The paper conveys that several forms of the social system are both unjust and oppressive for women.Though the characters are drawn in the novel are perfectly fictitious, there are striking similarities with ordinary and real Parsi people rooted deeply into their age-old culture and tradition. https://ijels.com/detail/the-invisible-subordination-of-the-parsi-women-the-crow-eaters/ M. Kiranmai https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-109201942-TheInvisible.pdf Any literary work is composed of different elements both in its formal part and in the subject matter. The author's mission is to achieve that these elements fit harmoniously, so that the work is perceived as a whole and not as a merger of parts. To achieve this unity in the work, it is essential that there is internal cohesion between its different elements. And coherence in the argument and its various parts will also be necessary for the reader to perceive it as something logical and, in this way, to create the sensation of reality that a work of fiction must provide. In this article, we will analyze some of the strategies used by Jane Austen to give unity to her work and confer on her stories the degree of credibility needed. https://ijels.com/detail/the-artistic-truth-coherence-cohesion-and-credibility-in-jane-austen-s-novels/ Miguel Ángel Jordán https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-109201935-Theartistictruth.pdf V.S. Naipaul is an expatriate from Trinidad whose primary business as a novelist is to project carefully and objectively the complex fate of individuals in a cross-cultural society. This proposal is about the diaspora identities and psychic trauma as represented in V. S. Naipaul’s A House for Mr. Biswas and The Mimic Men. This paper attempts to relate how these novels are replete with the theme of identity and individual psychic trauma caused by the aftermaths of colonial rule. A House for Mr. Biswas deals with the theme of isolation, frustration, and negation in a colonized society which turns cruel and callous to the aspiration of the protagonist, Mr. Mohan Biswas. Ralph Singh, on the other hand, is the narrator of The Mimic Men and he is a forty-year-old colonial minister who lives in exile in London. Singh, by writing his memoirs, tries to impose order on his life, reconstruct his identity, and get rid of the crippling sense of dislocation and displacement. This research thus attempts to analyse the different strands of identity to make the work more comprehensive and to radicalize its global demand. Though the question of identity is not new, and much work has been done on this theme of identity but still a few very important strands of identity are still untouched in Naipaul’s works. We are going to concentrate on the various types of identity and psychic trauma which are portrayed by V.S. Naipaul through different characters in different situations. https://ijels.com/detail/diaspora-identities-and-psychic-trauma-in-v-s-naipaul-s-a-house-for-mr-biswas-and-the-mimic-men-a-postcolonial-perspective/ Mohammed Farman Ullah Bhuiyan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-109201934-Diaspora.pdf Issues about Islamic education have gained much attention to various historical, political, and socio-cultural factors. The state of Islamic education is attached to a great extent to local and international developments. Islamic education, like other institutions in the Muslim world, has struggled with challenges of development, modernization and globalization. Islamic education faces challenges from within as well as the challenges that the system poses to communities and societies in the Muslim world and beyond. The challenges explained by categories of its position within the larger educational system, its education process and pedagogy, the efforts of Muslim scholars, and modernization, politicization and militarization of Islamic education. However, improvement of the existing achievements must be a continuous exercise. A certain kind of strategy must be designed and regularly improved. Through this, Islamic education could be a leading endeavor for the sake of harmonious and safe living for all mankind, irrespective of ethnic and religious orientations, and could achieve the educational balance between tradition and enlightenment. https://ijels.com/detail/prospects-and-problems-of-teaching-islamic-studies-a-case-study-of-primary-schools-in-akre-kurdistan/ Shimal Khalid Mahmood https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-10920191-Prospectsand.pdf Searching for common ground in philosophy, science and theology, it seems to us that it would be reasonable to maintain the position of realistic pragmatism that Charles Sanders Peirce had called pragmaticism. In the pragmaticist manner, we typify the knowledge and select the types of knowledge that might be useful for understanding the problems that are of interest to us. We pose a question of how it would be possible to obtain practically useful information about reality, first from the perspective of natural sciences, and then from that of theology; that is, to diversify the ways of knowledge and just maybe, to move toward a productive dialogue between science and religion. Searching for common ground in philosophy, science and theology, it seems to us that it would be reasonable to maintain the position of realistic pragmatism that Charles Sanders Peirce had called pragmaticism. In the pragmaticist manner, we typify the knowledge and select the types of knowledge that might be useful for understanding the problems that are of interest to us. We pose a question of how it would be possible to obtain practically useful information about reality, first from the perspective of natural sciences, and then from that of theology; that is, to diversify the ways of knowledge and just maybe, to move toward a productive dialogue between science and religion. https://ijels.com/detail/creating-dialogue-between-science-and-religion/ Salar Ziro Abdullah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-109201937-CreatingDialogue.pdf This studyis entitled the leadership communication style on political parties. This study aims to find out andanalyzehow the leadership communication style participate in the politicial world, especiallyPartai Amanat Nasional. It is expected that it can give a contribution in the form of input to the activity of political communication. In addition, this study is expected to describe the various findings that explain what communication activites are recommendedand not recommended. Thus,this study can help the political practitioners in conducting the evaluation of their political communication activities. The concepts used as the basis for this research were the concepts of political communication, political participation, and leadership of Phenomenal figures with the case study of Haji Lulung, AL. SH, MH. The method used in this study was descriptive, in which the researcher described how the leadership communication style in politics is. Several things that would be explored include how the communication patterns are developed by cadres of leaders and volunteers in gaining public support, communication strategies, political messages conveyed to the public, as well as patterns and forms of leadership communication in the political scene. https://ijels.com/detail/the-leadership-communication-style-on-political-parties-in-the-digital-era/ Sabena https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-109201929-TheLeadership.pdf The study on Demand Response Program for Office Energy Management aims to design the demand response program being used with a solar energy generating set for office energy management .The experimental data are collected from the whole electrical power consumption in the office from 6 a.m. – 6 p.m. in order to seek for the guideline for the office energy management for the reduction at the demand peak through a demand response program and the guideline for the co-using with the alternative energy in reducing the peak demand. The electric appliances used in the office can be classified into two groups; unable stop and able stop at for some time. This study emphasizes on the later. From the experimental result, it discovered that the DR Program used with an electric generating set from solar cell can reduce the electricity consumption at 70.18 % of all energy used in the office meanwhile in 10 minutes the reduction capacity is 74.63 % and in 15 minutes the reduction rate of energy consumption is 80.28 %. https://ijels.com/detail/demand-response-program-for-office-energy-management/ Bunyawat Vichanpol, Jarun Khonrang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-109201938-DemandResponse.pdf Exposure to environmental contaminants in the work area such as dust can cause disruption of lung function of workers. If lung function is disrupted, it certainly can reduce one's health condition which will have an impact on decreasing work productivity. This study aims to analyze the impact of dust exposure on lung function disorders in obese workers and who have smoking habits. This study uses a cross sectional design. The results showed there was a relationship between the level of inhaled dust and obstructive pulmonary function disorders in respondents who had smoking habits (p value = 0.013) and in respondents who had excess BMI (p value = 0.009). https://ijels.com/detail/effects-of-dust-exposure-to-lung-function-on-cement-loading-worker/ Ezi Dwi Putra, Mursid Raharjo, Nurjazuli https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-09201943-Effectsof.pdf The research aims to describing the phenomenon of makeup artists or male beauty artists in promoting makeup services. They carry out personal selling activities for female customers through managing their feminine behavior. This research used symbolic interactionism theory with phenomenological research methods. It was conducted with qualitative case study method. The data collection technique used observation and in-depth interviews with informants who worked as professional male makeup artists. In addition to obtaining in-depth data, it was also carried out through secondary data for data enrichment so that it could obtain accurate, complete and comprehensive data. https://ijels.com/detail/feminine-behavior-management-in-personal-selling-activities-for-professional-male-makeup-artists/ Ahmad Mulyana, Parlin Harbert https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-11020192-Feminine.pdf This paper traces the widespread wave of fashionable headscarf- wearers (hijabs) in Muslim societies in an attempt to illustrate how the contemporary spirit of consumer culture informs female´s self-image and behaviour in the context of post-colonial literature. I am going to do that concerning the voices of the fictional female figures in Habib Al-Selmi´s novel "The Women of al-Basatin (2010) Habib Salmi is a renowned Arab writer whose modern Arabic literature explores the relationship/ clash between Eastern and Western values. In this paper, I aim to highlight the meanings attributed to this practice of head-covering as in contemporary consumerist Tunisian society individually, culturally and contextually assigned. https://ijels.com/detail/postcolonial-muslim-women-between-faith-and-fashion-in-habib-selmi-s-novel-the-women-of-al-basatin-2010/ Amany A. Alsiefy https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-109201941-Postcolonial.pdf This study was to explore the learners' attitude towards using the communicative approach in teaching English at Wolkite Yaberus Preparatory School in terms of their behavioral, cognitive and emotional aspects. To achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive survey method was used and mixed method approach was employed to collect and analyze data. Under mixed method approach, sequential exploratory strategy was used and the data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews and classroom observation. The findings of the study revealed that the students in the study area have positive attitudes towards the communicative approach. However, they are not enthusiastic to participate in pairs or groups. The study further revealed that students perceive CLT as an effective learning approach and perceive most of the principles, goals, learner’s role, features and advantages to improve their language performance. Finally, based on the implication of the findings, recommendations were made for language teachers, curriculum designers and bodies concerned. https://ijels.com/detail/learners-attitudes-towards-using-communicative-approach-in-teaching-english-at-wolkite-yaberus-preparatory-school/ Dr. Tiglu Geza Nisrane, Senbeta Tadesse Dengela https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-108201929-LearnersAttitudes.pdf The poem ‘Invictus’ is undoubtedly considered as the finest creation of William Ernest Henley. A Latin word invictus stands for unconquerable in English. The very name of the poem is suggestive of the tone and theme of the poem. It tells about the hardships and struggles of the poet he faced in his own life and at the same time shows the indomitable spirit the poet used to have to fight life and emerge as victorious. This article would endeavour to go deep inside the life of the poet and discover the intimate relation of the poet with his own creation naming the poem ‘Invictus’. This paper would also explore a structural analysis of the poem to establish an identification of the larger than life attitude inherent and expressed in the poem itself. It would also be an exploration of Henley’s belonging to the famously called Victorian Spirit. https://ijels.com/detail/reflection-of-william-ernest-henley-s-own-life-through-the-poem-invictus/ S.M. Faisal Arafat https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-109201940-Reflectionof.pdf RSmartphone addiction could be described as smartphone over-dependence or smartphone overuse. It is a form of addiction that has become one of the most prevalent non-drug addictions today. Smartphone overuse was nevertheless shown to imply various types of dysfunctional behaviours and adverse consequences.This paper therefore, eexplored pattern of smartphone addiction among students in secondary schools in Lagos state and its counselling. One research question and onehypothesis were raised to guide the research. The sample consisted of one hundred and fifty (150) students randomly selected from students in secondary schools in Lagos state. A 30-item questionnaire titled “Pattern of Smartphone Addiction” (PSA) was designed for data collection. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of the instrument stood at 0.84. The study adopted the descriptive survey design to seek information. Data analysis was carried out with the use of percentages and Multiple Regression Analysis to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that music / movies, virtualrelationship, cybersex and videogames are found to have statistically significant positive correlation to smartphone addiction and they are the strongestpattern of smartphone addiction among students in secondary schools in Lagos state.. Counsellors, parents and teacher should watch out for these pattern of smartphone addiction and properly guide the students.ef https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-pattern-of-smartphone-addiction-among-students-in-secondary-schools-in-lagos-state-and-its-counselling/ EJIE Benedette Onyeka, EJIE Oscar Chisom, EJIE Cynthia Nchedochukwu, EJIE Ann Uchechukwu, EJIE Brian Ikechukwu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-11020197-ExploringPattern.pdf The study was intended to determine the college students’ cognitive and affective attitude toward higher education and how it affects their academic engagement. In order to proceed with the study, theories on human attitude and human behaviour and academic engagement were discussed. Related literatures were reviewed to strengthen the theory of the study and the validated questionnaires were used to gather the data. The study used descriptive correlational research design and supplied by inquiries. To interpret the data, the statistical tools were used such as Mean and Pearson r. Mean was used to measure the cognitive and affective attitude of students toward education and their academic engagement. Pearson r was used to determine the relationship between cognitive and affective attitude of students toward higher education and academic engagement. The study found that students’ cognitive and affective attitude toward higher education correlates significantly to the academic engagement. https://ijels.com/detail/college-students-cognitive-and-affective-attitude-toward-higher-education-and-their-academic-engagement/ Damianus Abun, Theogenia Magallanes, Mary Joy Incarnacion https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-11020198-College.pdf This research paper covers the utilization of smart phones effectively in the teaching-learning process of English at a variety of levels. In this world of technology use of technological innovations and electronic gadgets have become the inseparable parts of our life. These technological innovations have brought enormous change in everybody’s life. Smart phone is, being the handy electronic gadget, one of the outstanding inventions of technology. The concept of ICT based education has changed entire teaching-learning process. Teachers as well as students are techno-savvy and believe in learning through the electronic gadgets. As the students have knowhow of the electronic gadgets, the teachers also need to employ such devices in their teaching process. Day by day the sacred field of education is being developed and modified with the help of technological progress all over the world. It also saves time of both the teachers and the students. This paper specifically covers the ways of smartphones implementation in the teaching-learning process. Thus, the present paper is a modest attempt and the result of the continual research and use of smartphones in teaching-learning process of English language. https://ijels.com/detail/smartphones-an-effective-aid-in-teaching-learning-of-english-language/ Dr. Sandip P. Gawate, Mr. Ajitrao Babasaheb Jadhav https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-110201915-Smartphones.pdf This study aims to determine the effect of learning models and critical thinking skills on writing text review skills. This research was carried out on Cilacap City Middle School students. This research uses a 2x2 factorial design. The data analysis technique uses a 2-way analysis of variance. The results showed that: (1) The results of writing text reviews students who were taught using the Problem Posing Learning model were better than students who were taught using the Problem Based Learning learning model. (2) The results of writing text review students who have high critical thinking skills are better than students who have low critical thinking skills. (3) There is no interaction between the learning model and the ability to think critically about the ability to write review texts. https://ijels.com/detail/the-effect-of-problem-posing-learning-model-and-problem-based-learning-model-on-skills-writing-text-reviews-cilacap-city-middle-school-students-reviewed-from-critical-thinking-ability/ Fakhri Fakhrur Rozy, Sarwiji Suwandi, Sahid Teguh Widodo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-11020196-TheEffect.pdf The present study was undertaken to find out whether peer learning can be an alternative teaching pedagogy in a highly teacher centered class taking Bhutanese school as case study. The study involved classroom observation of teaching and learning processes and focus group interviews. The study sample included 11 Bhutanese secondary schools spread over 4 Dzongkhags (state). 22teachers and 88 students were engaged in the study. One of the main findings of this study is the minimal existence of comfort zone between the teacher and students in Bhutanese schools. This has led to the practice of peer learning initiated both by the students and teachers to enhance students’ learning. Another finding is that peer-teaching is a dominant practice as compared to reciprocal peer-learning. Other findings include the existence of opportunities to enhance peer-learning through remedial classes and in boarding schools. Some of the recommendations are: to include the peer learning method with its multifaceted approach as one of the teaching and learning approaches in teacher training programmes; implement peer learning through remedial classes and in hostels; and work towards the comfort zone between the teacher and the students. https://ijels.com/detail/peer-learning-an-alternative-teaching-pedagogy-for-highly-teacher-centered-classes/ Karma Utha, Sangay Rinzin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-11020195-Peer-learning.pdf This study aims at analyzing the selected novels of Naguib Mahfouz in the light of the existential predicament of man. Such predicament is manifested in the aspects of despair, frustration, betrayal and poverty. The study assumes the existentialism as a theory and topic to comment on the situation. This study aims at the following objectives: To analyze a reflection of moral chaos in Naguib Mahfouz's selected novels. To show the modern man's predicament based on the selected novels by Naguib Mahfouz. To explain how existentialism is able to express the predicament of the modern man based on Naguib Mahfouz's selected novels? This study follows the existential theory as an outline onto how the project of the present study will be carried out. It specifically presented the theoretical framework of the study, as well as the related theories and concepts necessary for data collection and interpretation. The study arrives at the conclusion and findings that the moral chaos in Naguib Mahfouz's selected novels of the study are a genuine fact of the aftermath of colonial period in Egypt. Moreover, modern man's predicament is brilliantly portrayed in the characters who are in a constant struggle to journey from their repressed daily affairs into the post-colonial lifestyle. Such shift from traditions to modernity has led to the existential predicament on the account of the modern Egyptian individual and society. The study examines the life of the Egyptian community from the existential perspective; and it is necessary for the Arab countries to consider. The study is open for further research like feminism, gender studies, and the familial relationships. https://ijels.com/detail/modern-man-s-predicament-in-the-selected-novels-by-naguib-mahfouz/ Ali Dakhil Naem, Dr. Lajiman Bin Janoory https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-110201918-Modern.pdf This article attempts to explore neo-orientalism in Don Delillo’s Falling Man. The study will mainly focus on islamophobia as the essential impetus of neo-orientalism. Postcolonial critical stances emphasize the issue of orientalism as the opposite of the West. Western civilizations used to perceive the traditional orient in the light of “self” and “other” dichotomy, whereby the West is the self that spreads its hegemony on the Orient, or East i.e., the other. Traditional orientalism is, therefore, based on this long inherited ideological assumption. However, this study focuses on neo-orientalism as a binary opposition of the Western hegemony. Some extreme Islamic attitudes reject American Western hegemony. Accordingly, they express their ideological will through relying on some religious ideas to attack America. Such response results in islamophobia midst Western societies. In so doing, they justify their rebuttal of the Western hegemony in order to establish their own oriental identity. The study is going to discuss this rebuttal as a way of empowering traditional orientalism which turns to be neo-orientalism. For this reason, it will apply three postcolonial concepts, namely, hegemony, self-other relationship and islamophobia. Thus, the application of these concepts will reveal the formation of neo-orientalism as a means of elevating oriental traditional identity. https://ijels.com/detail/the-decline-of-the-traditional-orientalism-in-don-delillo-s-falling-man/ Saad Abd Saadoon, Dr. Wan Mazlini Othman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-110201938-TheDecline.pdf This paper examines islamophobia in John Updike’s Terrorist. The study will mainly focus on the ideological confrontation between the East and The West. The traditional relationship between the East and the West is based in the Western perception of the East as the subordinate other. The West itself is the dominant self. However, the East rejects the Western hegemony. It begins to affirm its identity to emulate the Western dominance. The study is going to analyze the East’s response to the West through resistant violence. They Eastern, or oriental, fanatics try to prove their existence in the world, especially the United States of America. As a result, the practice extreme actions in the American societies. The study will identify this religious extremism as the main cause of islamophobia that started to be present in the American societies at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Therefore, Edward Said’s concept of self-other relationship will be applied to interpret the ideological confrontation between the East and the West. Such confrontation is going to be analyzed to explore neo-orientalism depicted in the novel. That is, the Eastern refusal of the Western hegemony results in parallel power. This power sustains the extremists’ opposition of the West. Thus, the study will unravel neo-orientalism as the result of the opposing powers of the West and the East. https://ijels.com/detail/islamophobia-as-an-antithesis-of-western-hegemony-in-john-updike-s-terrorist/ Saad Abd Saadoon, Dr. Wan Mazlini Othman https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-110201939-Islamophobia.pdf The youthful structure of the look pressures mature women to pass for youthful versions of their former selves and continues to influence the unconscious process of age and sexuality. Through an analysis of Jane Fonda’s performance of Grace in the Netflix series Grace and Frankie, I examine the performance of aging and sexuality from an interdisciplinary perspective. In so doing, I demonstrate how the characters subvert old paradigms of aging, refuse desexualization, refuse the divestment of their sexual desires, and refuse elderly women’s conventional role trajectory from mother to grandmother. More importantly, I demonstrate how Grace and Frankie merge Second Wave feminism into a “new femininity,” which embraces aspects of postfeminist sexuality, neoliberal consumer desires and neoliberal tropes of freedom and choice. https://ijels.com/detail/age-performance-and-performativity-exploring-jane-fonda-s-new-femininity-in-grace-and-frankie/ Mary Louisa Cappelli https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-110201912-AgePerformance.pdf Woman as such are generally believed to be oppressed and therefore sympathized and seen in perpetual plight. Michael Foucault has concentrated on the resistance strategies adopted by the oppressed. Foucault has a totally novel and refreshing point of view for power relations. What his work tries to do is move thinking about power beyond this view of power as repression of the powerless by the powerful to an examination of the way that power operates within everyday relations between people and institutions. Michael Foucault looks at powerful and oppressed in a positive way and that is the new angle through which I would like to analyze the female characters depicted. In this paper, I have attempted to look at the protagonist Virmati from Difficult daughters by Manju Kapur and her struggles against the powerful patriarchal systems as positive sites of resistance and not just sites of oppression. We can conclude that something new evolves from this power struggle which is a step closer to emancipation. https://ijels.com/detail/sites-of-oppression-seen-as-sites-of-emergent-new-roles-through-positive-resistance-by-applying-the-essence-of-power-theories-of-michael-foucault-a-case-study-of-the-protagonist-virmati-in-manju-kapur-s-difficult-daughters/ Dr Suchita Marathe https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-110201911-Sitesof.pdf Peoples’ participation in a democratic process is usually assed by the percentage of voters polled in the elections. But there are certainly other activities through which also a voter can participate in the entire exercise beyond voting. These activities are not generally accounted for by the researchers for studying political participation. In this article, an analysis is being made on the Non Voting activities performed by the voters during the elections. The analysis is based on a field study conducted in two legislative constituencies of Assam. https://ijels.com/detail/participation-of-electorates-in-non-voting-activities-a-study-of-teok-and-mariani-legislative-assembly-constituencies-of-assam/ Dr. Navajyoti Borah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-110201926-Participation.pdf This article aims to explore the Gothic features of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. The Gothic novel as a genre reached its peak in Emily Bronte’s childhood and Emily was greatly influenced by Gothic novels. Emily Bronte managed to make her only novel, Wuthering Heights, a Gothic one by creating wild and dark characters, creepy environment, uncanny plots and supernatural scenes, which are important elements in most Gothic novels. https://ijels.com/detail/how-is-wuthering-heights-a-gothic-novel/ Weirong Qiao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-110201930-Howis.pdf The second Language teaching has witnessed unprecedented onslaughts of methods and trysts during the World War II. The War demanded quick and efficient mastering of target language by the soldiers that they can be well versed with the target language and can work their ways in the enemy territory. Soldiers needed to be equipped with the language that was spoken by their opponents in the battlefield, which has become as much important as their arsenal to fight the foe. Audio lingual method which is the resultant method of the efforts laid by the language teachers to teach the American soldiers concentrated on the language drills with the consequential replacement of the verbal components of the relevant phrases without any reverence to the first language. Audio Visual Method focused on the mechanistic approach of making the students repeat the phrased continuously as if they are practicing the drill in the ground. But the hiatus has remained in terms of expression of deep and profound thoughts in target language. Audio visual method which is also called the Army method failed to see the demand of the intricate language structure in expressing probing thoughts because the stringent time schedule in which the soldiers should learn the target langue was insufficient to equip them with all the paraphernalia of target language. It was just learning the langue in artificially controlled environment. Besides the AV method there is another method which focuses on just using the target language ignoring the importance of mother tongue in second language acquisition that is the Direct Method which is popularized by Berlitz and Inlingua schools in 1970s and 1980s focus on subjecting the learner to the real life situation in language learning(Freeman). It is also called ‘Natural method’ because it caters to the mechanism of language acquisition rather than language leaning. Among the four skills of language use only the Spoken aspect of the language communication held prime over the other aspects like reading and writing in Direct method (Kumar). The underlying rules of grammar and syntax are taught indirectly rather than directly which had been a part of conventional teaching methodology. Bilingual method draws its inspiration from both Direct and AV methods in using its principles in teaching second language. My paper will deal with the propensity of using a method and to teach second language and raise the interest in the students to go further to develop language skills on their own as well. https://ijels.com/detail/bilingual-method-a-solution-for-the-plethora-of-challenges-present-in-a-non-native-language-classroom/ Naheeda Begum https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-110201920-Bilingual.pdf Literature is the mirror of the society. Time changes and world with its different pockets change shapes with passage of time, but the fundamental elements of Nature remain always the same. It is also true that great people of the world think always the same. What a great thinker thought long ago may be matched with the idea of another thinker much later. Besides, great authors are philosophers capable of seeing into the heart of the future. Shakespeare was such a visionary. What he thought three centuries ago and used as the materials of his dramas – both tragedies and comedies as also histories and sonnets – may now be seen happening in countries all over the world not excluding India. India, which now is a democratic country, after more than seven decades of her independence has much common with the countries in Europe, the basis of Shakespeare’s dramatic art. Political murders in line with Macbeth’s assassination of King Duncan and that of Banquo by mercenaries employed by Macbeth have their reflections in many political murders taking place almost everyday in India. But the plethora of crime cannot retard the flowering of the sweeter emotions like kindness, love, and charity. Even today there are many people, the Christian saints like Mother Theresa, the Buddhist and Hindu monks who employ their all energy for the purgation of the rotten human society. With the seven deadly sins running in the society there is also the strong undercurrent of love and forgiveness. In Shakespeare’s ‘The Merchant of Venice’, Portia, disguised as a male law-clerk, delivered a rich and long lecture on the quality of mercy in order to make change of Shylock’s heart, but she succeeded when she blended her legal acumen with a measure of witty tricks. This mixture may worsen the quality of truth and may bring some instant gain, but an unmixed truth is always victorious. Shakespeare propounded this victory of religion over villainy and it is what happens in the present Indian situation. https://ijels.com/detail/relevance-of-shakespearean-poetry-and-drama-to-the-present-indian-scenario/ Amir Hossain Khan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-110201941-Relevanceof.pdf Teaching literature has been an essential part of English as a subject in the language classroom which grants high culture and thought. This indeed made literature an existing issue in the language teaching paradigm. Language teachers and educationalists have implemented several potentials of examining literary texts for the benefit of the language learner. This mixed methods study aimed at examining the use of the eclectic approach along with the traditional use of literature as a source for language learning, and how it affects the learners’ motivational awareness in learning a literary text in class by being literary competent. The study tempted to distribute a questionnaire for three teachers of literature to further elicit their views about certain issues, in addition to a questionnaire for a sample of 24 students at ENS of Laghouat to gather their views about the use of this approach. The major findings of the study exposed that moststudents highly received motivational awareness through the suggested classroom methodology. https://ijels.com/detail/promoting-motivational-awareness-through-the-eclectic-approach-in-literacy-classes-the-case-of-fourth-year-ens-students-of-english/ Dr. Maroua Rogti https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-110201923-Promoting.pdf The present article constitutes an approach of Dreiser’s novel Sister Carrie, based on the symbolic interaction theory and an application of Goffman’s dramaturgical model as presented in his book The Presentation of Self in Every Day Life (1956). The study reveals how the central female character of the novel, learns to interact within a certain social group and environment, how successfully she chooses, uses and controls the appropriate techniques in order to present an acceptable and likeable self and how she undertakes and performs different roles in everyday life. https://ijels.com/detail/dreiser-s-sister-carrie-carrie-s-way-to-socialization-and-presentation-of-self-a-study-from-the-point-of-view-of-symbolic-interaction/ Dr. Eleftheria Karagianni https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-110201916-Dreiser.pdf Most African heritage and national values seem to have lost their originality to modernization, especially in Nigeria. Not only in the field of music, but also in every other arts and humanities. One of the “biggest” problems most Nigerian scholars face today is the problem of archiving and documentation. This has contributed greatly to the poor and watery research output in Nigeria. Historically, from Pre-colonial era to post-colonial era, Nigeria music has suffered from poor archives, documentation due to lack of proper education on archives and documentation. Improper or poor knowledge of archives and documentation thereby, has caused a great loss of some of our musical cultural values during the process of modification. Proper archiving and documentation help to give memory of what has happened in the past for proper and future development / progress. Its knowledge system is inevitable. The ethnomusicologist is known globally for scientific researches on how and why of any musical practices, therefore, will have to play a significant role in putting proper system of archiving and documentation of musical practices in Nigeria. On this note this research helps to expose, with scientific details, the roles of ethnomusicology in improving the knowledge system of archives and documentation of music practices in Nigeria. https://ijels.com/detail/archives-documentation-and-ethnomusicology-in-nigeria/ Folorunso David Jayeola, Olusola Samuel Akintunde, Anuli Francisca Ugwu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-110201925-Archives.pdf This research article attempts to study Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye from the perspective of Self Negation and Politics of Aesthetics in socially deprived Black Community of America. Along with looking at the denigrated social hierarchy of these Black people, the paper also endeavours to chalk out the fact that it is not that the whole of the Black community is revelling in self-loathing, there are examples from the community itself that are the paragon of self-confidence and absolutely in sync with their physical appearance. The paper goes in to substantiate the importance of family in making a child firmly rooted to the ground and keeping her in her senses. The paper concludes with the repercussion of such negligence by the family, specially the mother. https://ijels.com/detail/self-negation-and-politics-of-aesthetics-in-toni-morrison-s-the-bluest-eye/ Dr. Archana Rathore https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-11020199-Self-Negation.pdf Guided by the production-oriented approach (POA), enabling activities are designed to facilitate students to achieve successful language production. This article shows the whole process of the design, analyzed the effectiveness of the language activities. These language activities are proved efficient and beneficial to the language learning; and these activities are appreciated by the students as well. https://ijels.com/detail/enabling-process-practice-in-reading-writing-class/ Haiyan Kong https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-110201931-EnablingProcess.pdf More nationals of Trinidad and Tobago are accessing tertiary education annually. In most instances, they are required to complete a foundations course in English Language. However, many students enter colleges and universities with severe writing deficiencies, often stemming from a deeply ingrained lack of confidence and competence in English as a Foreign Language. To address these deficiencies, The University of Trinidad and Tobago (UTT) established the Writing Centre at the Valsayn Campus, where students can meet with a tutor to help them improve their writing. This paper traces the development of the Writing Centre at Valsayn and addresses the question of whether or not a writing centre can improve students’ writing ability. While formal research must still be engaged in, the paper highlights that the writing centre is a valuable support to the teaching and learning done in language and writing courses. https://ijels.com/detail/establishing-the-writing-centre-at-valsayn-campus-utt/ Barbara Constance, Nicaise Joseph https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-110201924-Establishing.pdf Pygmalion, a play which is written by George Bernard Shaw is mainly about the story of a poor girl named Eliza Doolittle who is transforming into an upper-class member by the help of two professors, named Higgins and Pickering. The primary purpose of this paper is to analyze the theme of transformation in the play by focusing on the subjects of identity and self-identity, the importance of appearance, language and communication issues. The story has a mythological background and got known by Ovid’s poem, “Metamorphoses.” The mythological story is reflected in many poems, drama plays and short stories written by authors globally. Intertextual references to the myth in Rumi’s Dīvān-e Šams-e Tabrīzī, Nader Naderpour’s poetry “Bot-Taraash,” and Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi’s play, “Pygmalion.” Some short stories with references to the myth such as; “The Birth-Mark,” by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Sadegh Hedayat’s “The Doll Behind the Curtain” are other texts that their similarities with Ovid’s poem are analyzed in this study. https://ijels.com/detail/an-intertextual-study-of-pygmalion-myth-george-bernard-shaw-interprets-an-ovidean-tale-about-transforming/ Dr. Saman HASHEMIPOUR, Asya Vedia GÜVENSOY, Dilara ARAP https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-108201918-AnIntertextual.pdf The recurring quest for the best way to teach foreign language leads the language teachers, the researchers and more importantly the applied linguists to introduce new approaches or methods to attain their goals. They often ask what is the most effective method or approach among the existing ones and then they try to launch a new one which is thought to be better than the preceding ones. The study aims to examine the existing methods implemented to teach foreign language and to reach to a proposition that there are some methods or approaches worth implementing in foreign language classrooms. Even when the “best” out of the methods or approaches tends to be inconvenient or impractical for our own teaching situations, I propose pragmatic eclecticism to be applied in teaching foreign language. This article also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the methods or approaches by keeping some certain aims and objectives in mind. I will try to show that some methods or approaches meet these aims or objectives which can help learners achieve the targeted goal whereas the other methods or approaches fail to meet. In this regard, this article provides a critical assessment of the adopted methods and approaches in the field of English language teaching, and claims that we must use every useful element of the methods and approaches rather than obsession with one of them. https://ijels.com/detail/methodologies-and-approaches-in-elt-a-search-for-more-effective-ways-of-teaching-second-foreign-languages/ Mohammed Farman Ullah Bhuiyan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/58IJELS-110201945-Methodologies.pdf The understanding of the word ‘environment’ has taken on complex valences in the present context of global environmental catastrophe and climate change. Faced with the imminent threat of extinction, one needs to stand back and question the very taxonomic construction of the word ‘environment’ as it has undergone epistemic, turbulent, and even schizophrenic transformation in a way we can now safely call ourselves as belonging to a distinct ‘Carbon Generation’. Our everyday life activities are so interwoven with the increasing sense of environmental pollution that even the threats of global extinction do not appear drown us into wholesome paranoia. The paper attempts to argue that the only possible way out of the situation lies not only in the collective acknowledgement of our duty towards ecological preservative policies that draw us into actions, but a deep philosophical sense of our phenomenological existence with our environ is absolutely urgent if we are to do something about our current ecological crisis. https://ijels.com/detail/environmental-cataclysm-and-the-eco-logics-of-sustainability/ Ratul Nandi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/59IJELS-110201928-Environmental.pdf