https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usJune 5 One of the critical components in a business's success is an understanding of their consumers' behavior. Consumer behavior can assist businesses in determining the demand for a certain product or service during a particular season. The present study examined the consumer behavior on purchasing, attitude towards advertisements on social networks, and reliance on the information dissemination of advertisement on social media among senior high school students. The study employed a quantitative descriptive technique and surveyed 217 senior high school students from diverse STEM, ABM, HUMSS, and GAS strands enrolled at Wesleyan University-Philippines. It was, then, concluded that they check the provided information of the product/service before they purchase it. Also, they find social networks comfortable, and very important. Further, they rely on social media in checking the products / services that they want to purchase. These social networking sites are increasingly being used for purposes other than personal communication. Social media appears to have endless potential. People rarely go a day without referring to or using social media. Whether used for communicating, learning, or making decisions, social media is here to stay and will continue to have an impact on our society. The researcher recommends the following: (1) product or service companies should always does true advertising to gain the trust of their target customers; (2) students should develop skills on how to determine wrong information from provided advertisements; and (3) further research must be conducted on the awareness of true advertising and digital marketing. https://ijels.com/detail/consumer-behavior-advertisements-on-social-networks-and-reliance-on-the-advertisement-information-perceptions-of-senior-high-school-student/ Kim Edward S. Santos https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-101202245-ConsumerBehavior.pdf Communication plays a vital role in a developing society as it could be used for developing of perspectives. This study aimed to analyze the communication and perspectives on climate change among layer farmers in San Jose, Batangas, Philippines. Descriptive research design in a quantitative approach, along with distributed survey questionnaires to the respondents in the said municipality were utilized to answer the research objectives. Systematic random sampling was used to get the sample size of the layer farmers. Statistical tools such as frequency/percentage, weighted mean and Pearson’s correlation were also used. The layer farmers were greatly exposed in interpersonal communication platforms. Demonstration, meetings, seminars and trainings were of less extent. Radio, television and cellphones were widely used by the layer farmers, while very few had access on the internet. Furthermore, they agreed on food security, water sufficiency, ecological and environmental stability, human security and knowledge and capacity development. However, they moderately agreed on climate-smart industries and services, and sustainable energy. Findings also showed that there is a significant relationship between the layer farmers’ perspectives to the communication platforms they were exposed to. https://ijels.com/detail/communication-platforms-and-perspectives-on-climate-change-among-layer-farmers-in-san-jose-batangas-philippines/ Benedict O. Medina, Angela Rose A. Hidalgo, Jhendell A. Tabliago https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1-IJELS-APR-2019-19-Communication.pdf Pakistani society is male dominant society and patriarchal values are rife there from her emergence. Sara Suleri’s father is a man of words and makes himself clear in firm and clear tone. Sara Suleri has tried to portray this scenario through her memoir Boys will be Boys. Though Sara touches the topics of politics, history and culture of Pakistan but main focus is circumstances in which concept of male gaze seems to be overloaded here. Norms of traditions prevalent in Pakistan always favor male member of society. Male gaze concept is one of the off-shoot of feminist ideology; where patriarchy, dominance and upper-hand are norms. Sara Suleri’s father is perfect example of patriarchy. He always tried to force his point of view on female family members. https://ijels.com/detail/an-elegy-of-a-patriarch-boys-will-be-boys-by-sara-suleri/ Muhammad Nawaz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2-IJELS-APR-2019-28-AnElegy.pdf Pakistani society is male dominant society and patriarchal values are rife there from time immemorial. Sara Suleri has tried to portray this scenario through her autobiographical book Meatless Days. Though Sara touches the topics of politics, history and culture of Pakistan but motifs of patriarchal touches are rife in this book. Norms of traditions prevalent in Pakistan always favor male member of society. All major feminist concepts favour ideology; where patriarchy, dominance and upper-hand are norms. https://ijels.com/detail/motifs-of-patriarchal-touches-in-meatless-days/ Muhammad Nawaz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3-IJELS-APR-2019-29-Motifsof.pdf The article attempts to briefly review Feri Lainšček’s children’s poetry. After short bibliography, some of the reasons for the author’s popularity with young readers are mentioned. Later on, the themes of his youth poetry and illustrations in his collections are analysed. https://ijels.com/detail/feri-lain-ek-and-his-poetry-for-children-and-youth/ Andreja Radetič https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4-IJELS-APR-2019-32-Feri.pdf The teaching-learning enterprises at the tertiary level in Morocco have been at stake since the 2003 educational reform. A decrease in quality and academic achievement has been noticed since then in all disciplines. English departments are no exception of this flaw. Putting a number of political and social factors aside, this paper addresses the problem from the perspective of the teacher-learner who remained traditional in a multi-faceted changing world of globalization and technology. Over the years, the teacher-student relationship has resisted change and remained verticalin the sense that most of the teaching has always taken the form of teacher lecturing and students listening. Additionally, faculty, due to one reason or another, care only about the teaching of content. Less effort, in this respect,has been devoted to coaching/training students to exercise a degree of autonomy. The majority of learners do not even make sense of the information they receive. The result, students do poorly in exams and teachers get a negative feedback about what they teach. Thus, this paper shows that engaging students in the construction of meaning by training them on self-directed learning and metacognition can yield positive learning outcomes. To make our claims credible, this paper uses the results of an experiment conducted about the learning of tense and aspect by English department Semester 1 Moroccan university students at the faculty of Arts and Humanities- IbnTofail University during the academic year 2012-2013. https://ijels.com/detail/towards-metacognition-autonomy-and-learners-knowledge-meaning-construction-in-efl-context/ Younes ZHIRI https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5-IJELS-APR-2019-38-Towards.pdf This research intends to study the acts of violence in Arundhati Roy's debut novel The God of Small Things with special reference to the female characters. As a social and political activist, Roy has her own perception of violence that is reflected through her female characters especially through her chief protagonist Ammu, a divorced woman, who violates the social norms by having a secret love affair with an untouchable laborer. Thus all the four women in the novel, in one way or the other, evolve, adapt, resist and challenge the hegemonic powers and simultaneously modify the stereotypes about gender and violence. And by doing so, they confirm to the Darwinian approach that violence is innate in human nature, constrained by biology and concurrently embedded in culture. https://ijels.com/detail/a-darwinian-study-of-ammu-s-violent-behaviour-in-the-the-god-of-small-things/ Muhammad Nawaz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6-IJELS-APR-2019-30-ADarwinian.pdf The article attempts to discuss translators’ issues while transferring a source text into a foreign language and culture. The result of this clash, i.e. interculturality, is discussed. The translator’s strategies, such as domestification and foreignizing, and necessary choices, which have to be made to achieve these strategies, e.g. glossing, commenting, writing forewords, are analyzed. https://ijels.com/detail/literary-translation-and-interculturality/ Andreja Radetič https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7-IJELS-APR-2019-33-Literary.pdf The paper attempts to investigate the overall pattern of English vocabulary learning beliefs and strategies used by some Chinese non-English major students, and further investigate the correlation between students’vocabulary learning beliefs, vocabulary learning strategies, and the scores on a vocabulary size (VS) test and an in-depth vocabulary knowledge (DVK) test. Three instruments are used to gather data for this study: Nation’s Vocabulary Levels Test (1990), Read’s Word Association Format (1998), and a questionnaire on VLSadapted from Gu and Johnson’s (1996). The questionnaires and the two tests are administered to college students majoring in science from the Shandong University of Technology. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis are conducted to analyze the data collected. The results of this study show that: Firstly, most learners hold the belief that words should be learned in context and use while the belief that words should be memorized is not popular. Most students believe that learners should not only make efforts to enlarge their vocabulary size but also pay sufficient attention to various aspects of vocabulary knowledge. The learning beliefs do have an influence on their achievement in vocabulary learning. Secondly, students employ a wide range of VLS in their foreign language learning at meta-cognitive, cognitive and social/affective levels, but the frequency of overall VLS use is not high. In terms of the three categories of VLS, the most frequently used one is the cognitive strategy, and the least frequently used one is the social/effective strategy, with the meta-cognitive strategy in between. The students’ strategy use is generally the result of their previous learning experience, the influence of their teachers’ teaching methods, traditional Chinese culture, oriental students’ characters and the specific learning environment in China. Finally, the results indicate that most strategies are significantly correlated with the VS and DVK scores. At meta-cognitive level, plan to make & plan to implement strategies, learner autonomy strategies, and reviewing& testing strategies have a significant positive correlation with the two scores. Selective attention strategies have a significant positive correlation with the DVK scores. At the cognitive level, guessing strategies and note-taking strategies have a significant positive relationship with both the scores on VS and DVK tests. Dictionary use strategies have a significant positive correlation with the DVK scores. https://ijels.com/detail/on-vocabulary-learning-strategies-of-chinese-non-english-majors/ Zhiqiang Zhang, Jie Lu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8-IJELS-MAY-2019-3-OnVocabulary.pdf Language learning strategies have played pivotal role in students’ language learning in the context of English as a foreign language. This study determines the impact of Cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies practices on EFL achievements among Saudi EFL learners. Cross sectional study has been conducted among Saudi Arabian students in public sector university, Abha, from Oct’2018 to March 2019. Random sampling technique used to target 323 students. Data were collected via self administered questionnaire, which includes; Demographic variables, six dimensions of cognitive and metacognitive strategies, and Students EFL scores. SPSS-23 Version used to analyze data. Qualitative and Quantitative variables explored via frequency & percentage and mean±SD respectively. Pearson correlation used to assess relationship between cognitive and metacognitive strategies and EFL achievements. Multiple regression has used to assess the effects of cognitive and metacognitive strategies on EFL Achievements. Response rate was 80.5%. Out of 323, 260 duly filled questionnaires were received. Most of the students were females (58.8 %), age group between 15-19years (58.5%), and belong to sophomore class (45.8%). Findings of the study revealed, cognitive and metacognitive strategies positively correlated with EFL Achievements at P-Value https://ijels.com/detail/impact-of-cognitive-and-metacognitive-strategies-practices-on-efl-achievements-among-saudi-efl-learner-in-public-sector-university-abha-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia/ Hira Tauseef Akram https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9-IJELS-APR-2019-36-Impactof.pdf Narayan’s Swami and Friends (1935) luminously portrays its child protagonist Swaminathan’s adventures in soul making, his skirmishes with his little comrades and reconciliations in his soupy school, his contact with the experienced adult world vis-à-vis apparently apolitical, shallow and banal Swami and Friends (1935) also postulates encoded political and cultural resistance so strategically camouflaged by Narayan’s narrative devise. Narayan’s Anti-colonial propaganda, his aversion to fundamentalism and authoritarianism, his earnest desire to bring the subaltern narrative into our mainstream narrative give him a special place in literary world. Kudos to the Nietzschean Will to Power of the common inhabitants of Malgudi and the little urchins of Albert Mission School that they dared to join the protest march against the hegemony of their white colonial masters. Swami much like Ishaan of Aamir Khan’s Taare Zameen Par (2007) used to shudder at the very thought of his monotonous school where his wings of freedom used to be crushed under the fatal mill of the authoritarian and strict teachers except D.Pillai who was famous among the students. Swaminathan’s hybrid identity, Rajam’s Europeanized existence, overlapping associations of tradition and modernity, class struggle, Centre/Periphery, Self/Other, Master/Slave dichotomy in Swami and Friends (1935) actually celebrate Narayan’s deep concern for our pluralistic and multicultural Indian identity where Narayan has also given space to the subaltern existence like Rajam’s family cook who was insulted and undervalued by Rajam only because Rajam belonged to the centre of a power structure. In this paper I would like to investigate in which way Narayan has pointed out the various agathokakological entities of human life through the artistic representation of his characters, his celebration of India’s heterogeneous identity, class struggle, the marginalized and peripheralized existence of subaltern voices, politics of colonial masters’ Self and the muted Other in an unequal power structure where a very limited number of people actually get access to the resources , ambivalence, hybrid identity etc. with reference to Swami and Friends (1935). https://ijels.com/detail/act-of-ambivalence-and-resistance-cricket-and-colonialism-politics-of-self-and-other-indian-pluralism-anti-colonial-propaganda-oppressive-schooling-system-hybridity-centre-periphery-and-master-slave-dichotomy-with-reference-to-r-k-narayan-s-swami-and-friends/ Partha Sarathi Mandal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10-IJELS-MAY-2019-7-Actof.pdf This paper studies the types and functions of English adjectives in health advertorial of the Health magazine. From five health advertorials, the present research discovered adjectives that operated in two functions, namely attributive and predicative. The texts in the health advertorials had more attributive adjective than predicative adjective. The number of the attributive adjective was 98 while the predicative one was 31. The dominant type found in the attributive adjective was non-gradable adjective (52 out of 98 data) while in the predicative adjectives was gradable adjective (19 out of 31 data). Furthermore, from the total adjectives of 129 data, the present writers found 96 different adjectives that are classified into three categories, i.e. scalar, extreme, and limit. In both attributive and predicative adjectives, limit adjective was most frequent adjective. Besides, extreme adjective was discovered to be the least frequent category of adjective in the attributive adjective as well as the predicative adjective. It suggested that the use of attributive and predicative adjectives in terms of limit, scalar and extreme category tends to show the similar pattern. Additionally it is important to note that there are three adjectives that function both as attributive and predicative adjectives, i.e. BUSY, EASY, and IMPORTANT. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-adjectives-in-health-advertorials/ Eva Tuckyta Sari Sujatna, Susi Yuliawati https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11-IJELS-MAY-2019-2-Exploring.pdf The research study is about Policies, Practices of Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines and the Performance of their Graduates in the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET). The respondents are deans/head, teachers, and teacher education graduates or passers of the 12 respondent TEIs. The study was conducted within the first semester of the Academic Year 2018–2019. Descriptive research design was used in the study with quantitative and qualitative method. The 12 TEIs were identified through purposive sampling technique while the teachers and education graduates were thru simple random sampling. Questionnaires and interview guide were utilized as the main data gathering instruments. Based on the findings of the study, the following were drawn conclusions: TEIs are cognizant that admission, retention, and LET preparation policies are important academic guidelines or procedures. Equally, TEIs are mindful that academic policies are vital means to establish and maintain quality instruction to BEEd students; Most TEIs failed to address their academic problems considering that their BEEd LET results were below the national passing rate during 10 consecutive examinations from years 2013-2017. Also, the Commission on Higher Education failed to observe or impose its policies concerning the persistent below national passing rate performance of TEIs in BEEd LET. TEIs’ admission, retention, and LET preparation policies are big contributory factors towards a healthier LET performance for BEEd; and TEIs recognize the importance of achieving BEEd LET result that is above the national passing rate through the various practices they implement. Similarly, TEIs are aware of the possible legal and business consequences in case they failed in every examination. Lastly, TEIs are mindful that LET performance of their graduates is a measure or indicator of quality academic practices and processes. Based on the conclusions of the study, the following are the recommendations: Implementation of Academic Policies, Creation of Distinct Academic Policies, Regular Revisiting of Curricula, and Institutionalization of LET Preparation Programs. https://ijels.com/detail/policies-practices-of-teacher-education-institutions-and-the-performance-of-their-graduates/ Dr. Norman V. Alfonso https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12-IJELS-APR-2019-31-Policies.pdf With the transitions from traditional print literacies to online multiliteracies around the world, digital learning is increasingly influencing language teaching and learning. An increasing number of students are responding more easily to interactive digital media or to digital compositions of image and sounds than they do to the traditional classrooms and texts. There is increasing pressure from teachers and learners to develop skills and knowledge needed in a digital age, and adopt new models and designs for teaching and learning. For those teachers who are willing to experiment new models and designs for teaching, it is important that they give students more time to adapt to the new method of instruction and apply appropriate management strategies to maximize their teaching effectiveness. With the aid of new age digital tools, and through technology enabled classroom strategies, students can be more active in language learning and develop communication skills and creativity. https://ijels.com/detail/language-learning-strategies-for-digital-classrooms/ Hao Li https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13-IJELS-APR-2019-2-Language.pdf Women are like a fortress to the culture of India. These women, who are supposed to be the protectors of the wealth of Indian culture, it is the women, who gave birth to great people that earned fame across the world. It is the women, who struggled a lot to lead her life with virtues. 21st century woman proved herself in all the fields. She maintains a home and manages an office. She is the very embodiment of love, care, honesty and chastity. This is the greatness of a woman. But the portrayal of woman in daily serials is quite different. Daily soap operas are showing women as a symbol of cruelty, selfishness and as an anti-social personality. Many studies revealed the impact of the serials but my attempt through this study analyses how women were portrayed in Telugu daily serials and the perception of the women especially who are living in Godavari districts. https://ijels.com/detail/anti-social-elements-in-telugu-drama-serials-a-study-on-godavari-district-s-women/ K. Satya Savithri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14-IJELS-MAY-2019-9-anti-social.pdf A large amount of feminist writing deals with different aspects of subordination of women and about the political rights for women. Feminist like Karla Marx and his voice for those women’s who are under the control of men. That the main thing of these type of writers who portrait how women’s will get equal rights in this world. https://ijels.com/detail/main-theme-of-feminist-under-political-thoughts/ K. K. Abithaa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15-IJELS-MAY-2019-5-MainTheme.pdf The present paper mainly discusses the characterization of Mathilde Loisel in Albert Guy de Maupassant’s “the Necklace” or "The Diamond Necklace”, a short story originally published on February 17, 1884 with an original title: "La Parure". Story takes place in France, during the 1800s, and focuses on the lives of the Loisel family. During that time period, life was hard for the majority of people, who lived primarily in working-class households. Madame Mathilde Loisel, is a round and dynamic character. As a young, married woman, Madame Loisel is pretty and charming, but her vanity makes her feel entitled to more than what she has. In fact, because of her looks, she believes Fate has made a mistake, that she was destined for more. But her dissatisfaction and vanity lead to her downfall, causing her to lose everything she has, including her youth, beauty, and modest way of life, but at the same time, causing her to grow, accept, and respect herself. Essentially by the end of the story, she came to understand her place in life as a very different person. https://ijels.com/detail/character-analysis-of-mathilde-loisel-in-the-maupassant-s-the-necklace/ Shubham Yadav https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16-IJELS-MAY-2019-20-Character.pdf The study wanted to determine the differences in work motivation and job satisfaction of male and female teachers and to determine the relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction. To carry out such purpose, related literatures and studies were reviewed to support the theory of the study and proper methodology was followed. The study used descriptive correlational method of research design and aided by fact finding inquiry. The population of the study were 263 teachers. of basic public schools of Metro Vigan and Caoayan. Validated Questionnaires were used to gather the data and to treat the data statistically, mean, t-test and Pearson r were used. Mean was to measure the level of motivation and job satisfaction and t-test was used to measure the difference and Pearson r was used to determine the correlation. The study found that work motivation and job satisfaction of basic public schools in Metro Vigan and Caoayan is very high and there was no correlation between work motivation of both gender and job satisfaction. It also found that there was no difference between job satisfaction of male and female teachers and as whole, there was no difference between work motivation of both genders but taking it singly, there was a difference on work motivation of both genders in terms of integrated regulation. https://ijels.com/detail/gender-differences-in-work-motivation-of-public-basic-education-in-metro-vigan-and-caoayan-philippines-and-job-satisfaction/ Theogenia Magallanes, Damianus Abun, Jacel Mansueto, Nathanael Flores https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17-IJELS-MAY-2019-18-GenderDifferences.pdf The present paper is an attempt to compare the Anekantvada of Jainism and Korzybski’s concept of transdisciplinary approach and its contemporary relevance. The paper is divided into two sections. The first section analyzes the philosophy of Anekantvada and second section evaluates Korzybski ‘s views about trans disciplinary approach and make the comparative study of both the concepts. https://ijels.com/detail/building-bridges-a-comparative-study-of-anekantvada-of-jainism-and-korzybski-s-concept-of-transdisciplinary-approach/ Dr. Darshana Bhatt https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18-IJELS-MAY-2019-11-Building.pdf This study aimed to help senior high school students achieve deftness in writing in terms of grammatical correctness. Likewise, this study sought to find out the common journal errors of the students with the hope of designing instructional modules to improve the students’ written ability. Error analysis method was used in this study. The journal entries of the total population of students enrolled in Reading and Writing classes served as the sources of data. The common errors in the areas of journal format construct, content and style, lexico- syntactic structure, and correct mechanics and punctuation, were noted and tabulated. Analysis and interpretation were then made based on these errors. The results showed that the students used either meta-cognitive or reflective formats. With regard to content and style, outputs revealed the use of simple sentences in paragraphs and violation on the principles of unity and coherence. Majority of the students committed errors on the lexico-syntactic structure. Capitalization and spelling were the most frequent errors in the students’ written composition; this only showed lapses in the observance of correct mechanics and punctuation. The researcher concluded that the reading and writing students lack the writing competence expected of senior high school learners as shown on the errors in their journal entries. In fact, written entries were hardly comprehensible at times due to the varied lapses on correct writing conventions. https://ijels.com/detail/journal-writing-errors-of-senior-high-school-students/ Jasmin M. Sumipo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19-IJELS-MAY-2019-6-Journal.pdf The study is conducted to investigate Bapsi Sidhwa’snovel The Pakistani Bride in order to explore that howmany kinds ofdefense mechanisms are used by the characters to evaluate the consequences of these defense mechanisms. Sigmund Freud’s defense mechanism theory is used to sort out the answers of these questions. The research discloses that both novels in characters use defense mechanism and they show moral anxiety due to family background and society. The research finds out that Ziatoon uses defense mechanism that was connected to self-amendment. Ziatoon has faced many problems in life by virtue of fate and society but she never gave up andcarried on her journey against the typical norms of the society. She presents certain examples howshefaced conflicts and frustration from the society. Rationalization assists her to defeat anxiety and guidesher to experience new things and new people. Like Ziatoon, people may use defense mechanisms in order to do something. https://ijels.com/detail/camouflage-personae-a-case-study-of-bapsi-sidhwa-s-the-pakistani-bride/ Muhammad Nawaz https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20-IJELS-MAY-2019-10-Camouflage.pdf The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between culture and religion on the other hand family and religion. A quantitative method used to analyses the present research. Multiple regression analysis used in this study, as seen in table (6), the coefficients analysis shows the B value for culture = .884> 0.01, which supported the first research hypothesis which stated that there is a significant and positive relationship between culture and religious beliefs of learners, the B value for family= .884> 0.01, which supported the second research hypothesis which stated that there is a significant and positive relationship between family and religious beliefs of learners. However, the findings proved that the heights value was found to be for culture factor influencing religious beliefs of learners. https://ijels.com/detail/analyzing-social-factors-influencing-religious-beliefs-of-learners/ Hishyar Sardar Mustafa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21-IJELS-MAY-2019-36-Analyzing.pdf Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus has kept on catching the consideration of modern and postmodern pundits. For a very long while Faustian commentators are isolated between those two who see the play reflecting intense and steady religious standpoint, and the individuals who see the play as antireligious. This sharp resistance between the standard and heterodox perspectives partially mirrors the clashed life of the writer himself, who started his concise adulthood as a philosophy student and finished it as a famous figure blamed for agnosticism. This paper holds the perspective of the prior gathering of commentators contending that the concentration of deciphering this play ought to be religious. This article will endeavor to dissect the play from the perspective of Islam. Islam has something critical to say in regards to human nafs (mind), the everlasting clash between good and evil; friendship, and repentance and salvation. https://ijels.com/detail/be-i-a-devil-yet-god-may-pity-me-rereading-marlowe-s-the-tragical-history-of-doctor-faustus-from-islamic-perspective/ Mohammad Kaosar Ahmed https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22-IJELS-MAY-2019-16-BeI.pdf The empowerment model has been increasingly known by the Indonesian people in the context of national development since the 1990s. This empowerment model is often considered as a manifestation of a community-centered development paradigm, because with this empowerment model, the community gets the highest possible chance to participate in development activities. The development approach using the empowerment model is a reaction from the previous development approach which tends to be growth-oriented and not on the aspect of equity. Nevertheless, this empowerment model has accelerated equity in development activities in our society. In Buol subdistrict since 2005, the empowerment model in community development has become one of the choices that is considered appropriate in answering the particular problems faced by traditional fishing communities in meeting the socio-economic needs of their family members. This study aimed to trace the model of empowering traditional fishermen to improve the welfare of family members. This study used a qualitative approach by determining the informants as many as 9 heads of traditional fishing families through a "purposive" technique with data collection techniques: (1). Observation of participants; (2). In-depth interview; (3). Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The results showed that the suitable empowerment models to improve the living welfare of traditional fishermen in Buol Village were a participatory model, collaborative model and partnership model, because in its implementation, the three empowerment models involved various elements including traditional fishing community members as empowered parties and all elements of the government , private sector and NGOs as empowering parties. https://ijels.com/detail/the-model-of-traditional-fisherman-empowerement-at-buol-subdsitric-biau-buol-regency/ Sudirman, Sulaiman Mamar, Hasan Muhamad, Rosmawati, Ahmad Yani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23-IJELS-MAY-2019-32-TheModel.pdf The present research study is an analysis of Zulfikar Ghose’ poetry who is Pakistani poet writing in English. The researcher aims at analyzing his collection of poetry 50 Poems: Selected and New Poems in the light of Michael Foucault’s Biopower theory. Ghose’ collections of poetry are embedded with the elements of Diaspora, exile, alienation, loneliness, strangeness and search as well as quest for his own identity and cultural values. The study has investigated the language phenomenon of his poems under the framework of Foucault’s theory. Hence, few of the poems from the collection have been analyzed from the perspective of notion of power and biopower to argue the notion that Ghose poetry talks about power and negotiates power ideology. The colonial burden of the subjects in his poetry, the cultural erosion and identity crisis and supremacy of language has been pointed out under the canopy of power matrix. The study positively contributed to Pakistani literature and modern literary theory. https://ijels.com/detail/power-discourse-analysis-of-zulfikar-ghose-collection-of-poems-in-perspective-of-michel-foucault-s-bio-power-theory/ Maryam Fiaz, Hina Rafique, Farhana Tabasum https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24-IJELS-MAY-2019-19-PowerDiscourse.pdf A growing quest in the mind of man today is to establish a balance equation between his activities and the available freshwater. Trillion of dollars have been spent worldwide to reduce water shortages, but governments and stakeholders ubiquitously have failed to empower the city dwellers and to ambush the challenges to pipe borne water supply. In many parts of developing countries including Cameroon, population growth, urbanization and water demands are rising rapidly, whereas water availability, quality, reliability, frequency and distribution are decreasing rapidly due to planning deficiencies, inefficient management and deterioration. This study aimed at examining the patterns of pipe borne water supply in the Buea Municipality, challenges and municipal response. A sample size of 120 inhabitants was taken to represent the entire population in the study area. Simple random sampling technique was then used to identify the most appropriate respondents and locations. Findings were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Microsoft excel and represented in the form of tables and figures. Findings revealed that, there is limited water supply reliability, access and distribution in the Buea Municipality attributed to physical and anthropological influences such as inadequate water supply, degradation and poor water management by the municipal authorities. The study look forward to giving recommendations of the use of water storage devices such as water tanks as a short term strategy and the extension of pipes distribution lines to be in direct proportion with population growth among others. https://ijels.com/detail/patterns-of-pipe-borne-water-supply-in-the-buea-municipality-challenges-and-way-forward/ Baba Adamu, Balgah Sounders N., Pamboudam Nfondoum C. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25-IJELS-MAY-2019-21-Patterns.pdf Science fiction is a tale of futurity which narrates the unique world of science and technology foregrounding the human element in the text. Philip Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1963) is a science fiction on postwar nuclear communities on earth caught in the quagmire of techno andys. The study analyses how science and technology acts as a metaphor in the text for narrating the impact of technology on humanity. It utilizes the concept of Novum as a broad framework and takes into account the notions of SF theorists, Dark Suvino, Robert Scholes and Damien Boderick which serves us with appropriate approaches towards the text. The study analyses the alternate realities of our existence which dangles between human intelligence and artificial intelligence succinctly exemplified in the text. The novel raises the question of 'what makes us human' in the world of man-machine symbiosis. https://ijels.com/detail/the-science-novum-as-metaphor-analysis-of-philip-dick-s-do-androids-dream-of-electric-sheep/ Dr. G Kalvikkarasi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26-IJELS-MAY-2019-17-The Science.pdf This paper analyzes the differences as well as similarities between Pinter’s “One for the Road” and Abd Sabur‘s “Night Traveller” that deal with the theme of suppression within the critical framework of the “Theatre of the Absurd”. I argue in my present research that the two plays named above are necessarily oppressive, enriched with an oppressor-oppressed dynamic. In such cases, the suppressor uses all available resources to keep the oppressed quiet. Nonetheless, if both plays are viewed through a “theatre of the Oppressed”, then they may be able to revolt Against Systematic suppression. https://ijels.com/detail/political-repression-a-comparative-study/ Ahmed Jasim https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27-IJELS-MAY-2019-41-Political.pdf Bewildered by the wave of terror and on-going political corruption in Iraq, one feels compelled to dig deeper into the history of prosperous nations in an attempt to help eliminate the loss of time and human souls. In this endeavour, the study finds out that the current bleak circumstances in Iraq look in so many ways like the bloody events and widespread corruption during the 19th Century in the States, specifically in the Age of Common Man and the Gilded Age. Bleak ages, were eventually followed by a culture of peace and time of order and prosperity in the States. https://ijels.com/detail/unchecked-man-s-devious-will-us-age-of-common-man-and-gilded-age-versus-recent-iraq/ Dr. Adil M. Jamil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28-IJELS-MAY-2019-14-Unchecked.pdf The historical data of industrial value added and industrial pollution control investment in sample area of Shandong Province from 2005 to 2018 were selected as the measurement samples, and the long-term investment in industrial added value and industrial pollution control was tested by co-integration test, error correction model and Granger causality test. Equilibrium relationships and short-term dynamic effects are studied. The results show that the investment amount of industrial pollution control investment for treating wastewater and waste gas has a long-term equilibrium relationship with industrial added value; for every 1% increase of industrial pollution wastewater treatment investment, industrial added value increases by 0.09%; industrial pollution waste gas treatment investment For every 1% increase in the amount, the industrial added value will decrease by 0.03%.Granger test results show that industrial added value and industrial wastewater treatment investment, industrial waste gas treatment investment are independent of each other, there is no Granger causal relationship. https://ijels.com/detail/analysis-of-the-impact-of-industrial-pollution-control-investment-on-industrial-growth-taking-shandong-province-as-an-example/ Ren Shijia, Yin Xiuqing, Hu Zibo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29-IJELS-MAY-2019-37-Analysisof.pdf The Rhodora is Emerson’s shortest and favorite poem, in which Emerson presents a very vivid depiction of the obscure rhodora and shows his great esteem for it. In Emerson’s eyes, the rhodora as a natural object represents nature in its entirety. It is converted into spirit and thought, and is always educating humans. This article is a tentative analysis of the poem in terms of its artistic form and Emerson’s conception of nature embodied in it in order to provide a new perspective for the appreciation of the poem. https://ijels.com/detail/emerson-s-conception-of-nature-embodied-in-the-rhodora/ Peiwei Zheng, Jingling Zhang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30-IJELS-MAY-2019-33-Emerson.pdf This study aims to analyze the meaning and symbols in the political party's advertising on Indonesian television. Towards the presidential election, political parties use advertising as a means of marketing communication. As the form of persuasive information, the Perindo Party's television advertisement was analyzed by using Charles Sanders Pierce's Triangle of Meaning for the semiotic method. According to Pierce, the signs in the picture can be classified into the types of signs in semiotics. Pierce divides the signs into: icons, indixes and symbols. The research results show that Perindo Party's Nationalist ideology upholds pluralism in Indonesia. It has special message that Indonesia does not belong to a particular religious, cultural or racial group. The meaning of contemporary nationalism in this advertisement is tried to raise particularly for young people with the aim of developing potential for a better life. https://ijels.com/detail/representation-of-political-ideology-in-advertising-semiotics-analysis-in-indonesia-television/ Rizki Briandana https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-MAY-2019-31-Representation.pdf This phenomenon becomes more evident because traders who sell in the Manonda Market in Palu, consist of several different ethnic groups. The study aimed to describe and elaborate the communication behavior of sellers to prospective buyers, analyze variations in speech acts and meanings caused by variations in speech acts expressed by sellers to prospective buyers. A number of nine informants were involved in this study consisting of types of vegetable sellers, cloth sellers, clothing, fish sellers, and fruit sellers, where the three ethnic sellers, (Bugis, Kaili, and Javanese ethnicity) respectively represented by three sellers. The results of the study showed that the communication behavior of Bugis and Kaili ethnic sellers to prospective buyers generally used verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors in buying and selling interactions. Verbal communication is often presented in the form of perlocutionary acts, intended to influence prospective buyers or to influence the speech partner. Both of these ethnicities use an accommodative and persuasive communication model. While Javanese ethnic sellers, variations in speech acts contain more connotative meanings, which are poetic and metaphorical. Acted speech acts are a form of meaning that sounds polite, not too sharp, but the purpose is to disguise the true meaning. Javanese ethics in communication behavior more often expect high level culture through perlocutionary act. https://ijels.com/detail/communication-behavior-of-seller-community-an-ethnographic-study-of-communication-of-sellers-to-prospective-buyers-in-the-manonda-market-palu/ Jamiluddin, Sutarman Yodo, Muhammad Nur Ali, Haslinda Badji, Ahmad Yani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-JUN-2019-2-Communication.pdf The study of English language in this age of globalization is essential because English has become global language today. Therefore, to learn and to write in English is an utter need of present time. It is also pertinent to see that all original knowledge of every subject like- Science, Social Sciences- as Political Science, Economics and Arts lies in English language only. If one wants to learn the above subjects he must learn English language. Lord Macaulay in his ‘Minute on Indian Education’ stated that, “ We must at present do our best to form a class, who may be interpreters between us and the millions of whom we govern- a class of persons Indian in blood and color, but English in tastes, in opinions, in morals and in intellect…” It is well known fact that British ruled upon this country for more than two hundred years and India got freedom from British in 1947, but they put back their English language for Indians. It is the most important language of communication between different countries. In India, people of different states have their own languages but English language has been brought to us as a connecting link among various states of India. Today, English is essential in educational institutions, trading centers, corporate sectors etc. It has taken over all the regional and vernacular language too. In this paper, the play which I intend to talk about is Keats was a Tuber by Poile Sengupta. The play is a satire on Indian English Language; It questions the importance and ownership of the English language by Indians. https://ijels.com/detail/indian-sensibility-through-english-language-a-critical-analysis-of-keats-was-a-tuber-by-poile-sengupta/ Monika Rao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-MAY-2019-42-IndianSensibility.pdf The purpose of the research is to assess the level of quality perceived by users based on a "SERVQUAL Model" scale of the Social Energy Inclusion Fund (FISE) program implemented by the State in the Puno region. Method: a mixed study was carried out (quantitative - qualitative); of correlational descriptive type, in the Puno region of Peru. The statistical method SPSS v. 22, was used for processing, data processing and scientific tests. The materials used are documentary, electronic and statistical files of the program. Results: the research findings are evidenced in two aspects; First, the values of Alpha Crombach is statistically significant above 0.80, therefore, it means that the components and characteristics (attributes) analyzed allow to evaluate the quality of service offered by the FISE program. On the other hand, the analysis of the information collected through the Servqual questionnaire shows us that the variables that stand out in the user's decision process are reliability, responsiveness, security and empathy. Therefore, the service quality index (ICS) evaluated with the Servqual model is negative, the score reaches (-1.03), which indicates that users expected a better service than that received from the FISE program in the Puno region. https://ijels.com/detail/servqual-model-for-the-evaluation-of-the-perceived-quality-of-social-program-services-fise-in-the-puno-region/ Dr. Juan Inquilla-Mamani, Dr. Gilberto Vilca - Cutipa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-MAY-2019-23-Servqual.pdf Human life at one stage may not be as perfect as the other stages, Likewise, the life of Freddie Mercury, a legendary musician who is part of the Queen music band whose songs have been worldwide since the 1970’s and are still widely known today, may experience the same. This research discusses Freddie Mercury's inner conflict through two of his songs, namely "Love of My Life" and "Bohemian Rhapsody". Theory of genetic structuralism with an approach from the author's side, supported by gay theory and psychoanalytic theory (id, ego, and superego), is used as an analytical tool in this study. The results show that Freddie Mercury was a helpless figure in dealing with the pain of the fact that he was gay. However, he showed that, whatever problems in his life, he kept walking and provided his best for the people he loved, including his fans throughout the world. He never justified his way of life, but he did not want to blame anyone, except his own inner conflict. https://ijels.com/detail/author-s-inner-conflict-in-the-songs-love-of-my-life-and-bohemian-rhapsody/ Sri Kusuma Winahyu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-MAY-2019-40-Authorsinner.pdf The study evaluated the listening skills of college freshmen of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology based on the five stages of listening with the use of descriptive-correlational research. The researcher found out that most respondents, regardless of their profile, use their listening skill in listening to Tagalog music during the day through a medium (mostly mobile phones) accessible to them at all times. However, most respondents have only an average listening skill proved that they have a limited listening capability that needs to be addressed appropriately. Similarly, the respondents' academic performance could be affected if their listening skills would not be improved. Hence, intervention programs or activities that could enhance the listening competence of NEUST freshmen in learning the English language is needed and shall be regularly practiced. https://ijels.com/detail/listening-skills-of-college-freshmen-of-the-nueva-ecija-university-of-science-and-technology/ Vladimir Tolentino Tamayo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-JUN-2019-11-ListeningSkills.pdf For a long time, the heavy burden of homework of primary and middle school students in China has been perplexing people in all walks of life especially the parents of children. This paper aims to analyze the influence of heavy homework burden on children's physical and mental health, academic development and relationship between school and home, and the causes of these effects. It is hoped that this paper can arouse the attention of primary and secondary school teachers who can take corresponding measures to reduce the burden of primary and secondary homework. https://ijels.com/detail/homework-an-overload-on-chinese-school-children/ Jianjun Zhang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-JUN-2019-8-Homework.pdf For the young adolescent girls, the home was a model of feminine values, morals and ideals that they imbibed by observing and understanding the separate gender-based roles and responsibilities of their parents. Conformity to social norms distinguished an angelic woman from a fallen woman. In the nineteenth century Victorian Era, child grooming and rearing was different from its predecessors depending on the differences in classes. This paper compares Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility with Louisa May Alcott’s Rose in Bloom particularly their female protagonists to highlight the role of family in instructing, guiding and mentoring their children in order to be socially agreeable. In addition, this paper alludes to John Locke’s philosophy on the education of children, psychological theories and Maslow’s theory of motivation. In the absence of a formal education, parents, siblings and the family circles contributed significantly to the overall development of young maidens. https://ijels.com/detail/strong-education-and-strong-family-as-the-premise-to-sound-grooming-in-the-novels-of-jane-austen-and-louisa-may-alcott/ Renu Goswami, Dr. Ritu Kumaran https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-JUN-2019-9-Strong.pdf Advertising is a consequential means of mass communication. Advertising practices are meticulously planned to impact on the public’s taste for distinct products or services. The influence of advertising on the public is not without danger. This study aims to assess the sex-role portrays of women in Moroccan print advertisements. Four hypotheses are made about the under-representations of women in Moroccan print advertising. The data were obtained from five Moroccan magazines issued in May, 2014. Content analysis was used under a mixed-method paradigm. Quantitative content analysis was used to yield numeric data for the purpose of frequency analysis of female role portrayals. Simultaneously, Qualitative content analysis was deployed to enable interpretive modes of enquiry on a limited range of advertising content. The findings from this study corroborate the stereotypical associations of women in Moroccan print advertisements and thereby document print advertising practices that are untrue to the welfare of the female society. https://ijels.com/detail/content-analysis-of-female-associations-in-print-advertising-an-example-from-moroccan-magazines/ MORCHID Nabil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-JUN-2019-6-ContentAnalysis.pdf With the continuous development of e-commerce in China, more and more attention has been paid to modern logistics. The competition in the new era is not only in the fields of technology, cost and management, but also in the comprehensive competition of supply chain. The traditional warehouse management system is mainly completed by human resources, which consumes a lot of manpower and material resources and has low efficiency. It can no longer meet the needs of the development of modern e-commerce logistics. New retail industry is changing. New logistics has become the core of new retail form. Developing intelligent warehousing has become a solution to advance intelligent logistics. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has the advantages of large data storage, fast information reading and storage, and can effectively solve the problems of low efficiency, low accuracy and easy interference in information transmission of traditional warehouse management system. Based on the analysis of the existing problems of company A in warehouse management, this paper proposes to use RFID technology to optimize and upgrade it. https://ijels.com/detail/upgrading-of-intelligent-warehouse-management-system-based-on-rfid-technology-taking-company-as-an-example/ Zhang Tongliang, Wang Xinxin, Yang Xue https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-JUN-2019-20-Upgrading.pdf The Company's involvement in continuously providing the additional value to the environment in which the Company operates is a necessity and a commitment that needs to be maintained. Thus, the Company can be a trusted partner for many parties, especially for the community and government in developing the environment and people.In line with this, the Company must encourage the realization ofquality of life ehancement, through the development of programs that support sustainable development including economic aspects, health, education, and environmental management, by involving the worker awareness, the local community, the government and large community.Based on these explanations, the researcher is interested in researching and focusing this research on the impact of triple bottom line-based CSR program in the local community food processing industry carried out by PT Energi Mega Persada Tbk. (EMP). This method used in this researchwas a qualitative method with a single case study design.The results of this research are expected to provide various recommendations related to the communication innovation, on how to implement the communication aspect in revealing the impact of triple bottom line-based CSR program in the local food processing industry. In addition, this research is expected to inspire and become a role model for companies that will implement triple bottom line-based CSR program for Sustainable Development. Academically, this research is expected to be a reference for the further research and can enrich the scientific field of communication, especially Public Relations, regarding to the discussion of CSR programs analysis. https://ijels.com/detail/the-impact-of-triple-bottom-line-based-csr-program-in-the-local-community-food-processing-industry/ Enjang Pera Irawan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-MAY-2019-43-TheImpact.pdf The aim of this paper is to discuss about grammatical relation in Batak Toba language. The problem will be discussed is word order, case marking, and semantic role in Batak Toba language. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to determine the relation of grammatical in Batak Toba language, and it is observed from word order, case marking, and semantic role. Data collection is take from written language and spoken. The result of discussion to point out that the word order in Batak Toba language have form P-S-O. This point supported by the kind of diathesis in Batak Toba Language is active diathesis, passive diathesis, and reflexive diathesis. In order that, the product of discussion point out that grammatical relation and semantic role in Batak Toba Language is S = A / P and S = P / A. The meaning of this point is Batak Toba language make the same relation with S is A and S is P. The form of grammatical relation and semantic role prove that Batak Toba language have the pattern case marking is nominative-accusative and ergative absolutive. https://ijels.com/detail/grammatical-roles-and-relations-of-batak-toba-language-typology-study/ Tarida Alvina Simanjuntak, Mulyadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-JUN-2019-12-Gramatical.pdf Background: Accumulating evidence showed that the bad occupancy rate at the Dr. Loekmonohadi General Hospital, Kudus dropped to 75.06% in 2018. Interestingly, the value of the bad occupancy rate is much lower than in the previous two years. The elderly patient visitation data in 2018 also decreased (10,503 patients) compared to 2017. Importantly, the doctor in charge had the task to implement service standards, clinical pathways, commitments, and improving their performance optimally. This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of minimum service standards and clinical pathways to the commitment and performance of the doctor in charge of inpatient services at the Dr. Loekmonohadi General Hospital, Kudus. Methods: This research is explanatory research followed by survey methods. The population in this study were 198 nurses. Approximately 126 samples were taken based on existing inpatient rooms. Accordingly, the variables studied included the application of service standards, clinical pathways, commitment, and performance. Variable measurements are carried out through indicators developed based on the National Standards for Hospital Accreditation. The instrument of data collection is a questionnaire developed based on each exogenous and endogenous variable. Data collection is done by giving questionnaires to respondents. Data analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Modeling approach with Lisrel 8.80 software. Results: Based on our observation, the application of service standards, clinical pathways, commitments, and performance criteria of the doctor in charge at Dr. Loekmonohadi General Hospital, Kudus is good. However, there are still disadvantages in several aspects such as non-compliance with visiting hours (15.9%), not adhering to the diagnosis (11.1%), not adhering to providing education to patients during treatment and returning time (21-23%), length of stay still exist (11.1%), lack of commitment (11-19%), and poor performance (7-27%). The results of the analysis with Structural Equation Modeling show that clinical pathways significantly influence commitment with a coefficient value of 0.93; clinical pathways have a significant effect on performance with a coefficient of 0.45; commitment has a significant effect on performance with a coefficient of 0.49; and clinical pathways have an indirect and significant effect on performance through commitment with a coefficient of 0.49. Conclusion: This study concludes that clinical pathways influence the commitment and performance of the doctor in charge at the Dr. Loekmonohadi General Hospital, Kudus. https://ijels.com/detail/the-effect-of-service-standards-and-clinical-pathways-application-on-commitments-and-performance-of-doctor-in-charge-in-dr-loekmonohadi-general-hospital-kudus/ Desi Wijioarti, Antono Suryoputro, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-JUN-2019-15-TheEffect.pdf Tess of the D'Urbervilles is one of Thomas Hardy's most famous tragic novels, in which he gives a vivid description of a tragic story about a very pretty rural girl who is seduced by one man , deserted by the other and convicted to be hanged for stabbing the former in order to get the true love from the latter. Thomas Hardy is very good at looking at life in a tragic way and describing the human suffering in the tragic sentiment and a unique manner. In the novel, Thomas Hardy tries his ways to unfold his tragic consciousness thematically and technically so as to make the readers sense and share it throughout the the whole book. In this paper, I will explore how he employs the perfect structure of the novel and other writing techniques to exaggerate the atmosphere of tragedy, profoundly portray the personality of the characters and their inner world, intensify the writer's tragic consciousness and sharply criticize the hypocrisy of the morality and religion in the capitalist society. https://ijels.com/detail/how-thomas-hardy-unfolds-his-tragic-consciousness-technically-in-tess-of-the-d-urbervilles/ Jianjun Zhang, Xiuqin Zhao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-JUN-2019-16-HowThomas.pdf Nowadays in Vietnam English is a compulsory subject for all students at tertiary level. Students are required to be able to use the language well after graduation. However, it is not really easy for all of them to meet the requirements and expectations of both institutions and society. Although most of them may be motivated in learning English, many factors may affect their learning. The major aim of this study was to investigate the factors that demotivate the students in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) at a private university in Da LatCity-Vietnam (Henceforth called PUD). It also attempted to explore what strategies might be adopted to overcome demotivating factors in the English classroom.200 non-English majored students of PUD participated in the study. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected for the study. The research instruments employed for collecting data were the questionnaire and interview. For analyzing the collected data, content analysis, factor analysis and descriptive statistics were used. The findings of the study revealed that among teacher-related, classroom-related, and student-related factors, the student-related factors affected the students the most. Furthermore, the findings of this study explored the students’ perspectives of several strategies which might be used in classto help both students and teachers reduce demotivating factors in EFL learning. https://ijels.com/detail/an-investigation-into-factors-demotivating-students-in-efl-learning-at-tertiary-level/ Le Van Tuyen, Dang Ngoc Cat Tien https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-JUN-2019-23-AnInvestigation.pdf Walden is the representative work of Henry David Thoreau, the most influential transcendentalist writer in the United States in the 19th century. The paper discusses the relationship between man and nature from the perspectives of ecological philosophy, anti-anthropocentrism and the inner spiritual ecological connotation of man. It points out that nature can endow people with the elements of inner beauty, and her unspeakable purity and kindness always endow people with health and joy; human beings, like other animals and plants, are part of the biosphere of nature; human happiness, freedom and civilization do not necessarily depend on the abundance of material life, but, to some extent, on the harmonious coexistence with nature. https://ijels.com/detail/on-ecological-philosophy-in-walden/ Jie Lu, Zhiqiang Zhang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-JUN-2019-17-OnEcological.pdf As a major literary trend in India through Indian regional languages and translations. Dalit literature is marked for self-assertion of Dalits, subalterns, lower strata of Indian caste-class-religion-language-capital ridden society through poetry, plays, short stories, self-narratives, and oral performances challenging inhuman treatment, atrocities, inequality, and the so-called mainstream literary and critical conventions. Dalit literature is emerged as an outcome of the exploitative nature of Indian caste system.The ideology is drawn from Buddha, Charvak, Kabir, JyotiraoPhule, Karl Marx and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. At this stage, Dalit literature needs to be stabilized at theoretical and critical level, considering western critical approaches in order to explore the essence of Dalit literature on the contemporary literary and critical canvass. This paper attempts to focus onthe term ‘Dalit’, the elements of Dalit literature, Dalit literature in English, the term ‘Dalit identity’ and how it reflected in Dalit literature, theorizing Dalit literature and literary critical standards, précising Dalit literature in the recent literary trends in India, comparison and contrast of Dalit literature with the Anglo-American and third world literary tradition, the issues raised by Dalit literature and their validity in the present era, the sources and forces of Dalit literature and future course of Dalit literature. https://ijels.com/detail/dalit-literature-a-contemporary-perspective/ Mr. Vilas Rupnath Buwa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-JUN-2019-30-DalitLiterature.pdf This article will explore one of Percy Bysshe Shelley's posthumous poems, Shelley's "Music, When Soft Voices Die" (1824). Although some assert this verse is one of Shelley's most anthologized and powerful of the young poet's verse, I believe the verse does not entice a great deal of scholarly appreciation, perhaps, because of its length, and; possibly, because some may find the poet's topic of perseverance of memories, events, and sensations to be too ordinary. This commentary makes a thought-provoking reading of Shelley’s lyrical fragment by cherishing what some read as too ordinary a subject and viewing Shelley’s poem and subject matter as something not only realistic to all of us, but also displays how the ordinary things in one’s life are complex by our very nature and sophisticated perspective from this world to the afterlife. This paper also explores various inspirations from this particular lyric; also, it looks at the significance of when it was written and published as it relates to Shelley’s premature death, for maybe Shelley was thinking of someone besides his good friend, John Keats, when he was writing this poem. https://ijels.com/detail/shelley-s-posthumous-ditty/ Mr. Patrick J. Wilson https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IIJES-JUN-2019-18-Shelley.pdf This study concerned on the analysis of theme viewed from the portrayal of the main character in Arthur Golden’s Memoirs of a Geisha. This study used library research as the methodology and obtained the primary data from the novel, while the supporting data obtained from books and internet sources. The result showed the theme in Memoirs of a Geisha was about achieving a goal, to achieve one’s goal, one has to struggle. This was portrayed in 4 characteristics of the main character, Sayuri, who was strong-willed, brave, persistent, and resourceful girl. These characteristic was drawn in Sayuri’s attempt in getting close to a man who was giving her a new purpose in her life. Through some difficulties, Sayuri finally succeed in achieving her goal and spent her life with the man she loved. https://ijels.com/detail/theme-portrayal-through-protagonist-in-arthur-golden-s-memoirs-of-a-geisha/ Adri Christiawan, Gentara Alam Bumi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-MAY-2019-29-ThemePortrayal.pdf Feminism is a popular terms dealing with inequality, gender, sex, education, cultural, unfair, legal, law, economy, empowerment of female against male. The women movements are the action for women to be able to speak for themselves. Many women write literatures to express their thought of feminism to inform and educate readers about the inequality. Then, the focus of this research is to find out the women movements’ perspectives on Fifty Shades Trilogy to make reader realize the substantial matters about the author’ hidden message. This research is using interpretivist Paradigm that is aimed to understand the subjectivity world of human experiences. The approach is qualitative methodology and using the novels as the primary data. Regarding to the National Women’s Liberation Conference in 1978 there were seven demands was finialized. The seven demands are 1) equal pay for equal work, 2) equal education and equal opportunities, 3) free contraception and abortion on demand, 4) free 24-hour nurseries, 5) legal and financial independence for women, 6) an end to discrimination against lesbians, 7) freedom for all women from intimidation by the threat or use of male violence; and end to the laws, assumptions and institutions which perpetuate male dominance and men’s aggression towards women. The symbolic interactionism theory by Herbert Blumer collides the meaning, thinking and language from conversation on the story and found the seventh demands that written on the novel. https://ijels.com/detail/women-movements-perspective-in-e-l-james-s-fifty-shade-of-trilogy/ Gusti Ketut Mia Arum Puspita https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-MAY-2019-27-Women.pdf Over the decades, the process of communication within human kind has become inevitable. The process of synchronizing information transmits and received is a little more complex due to the disruption called miscommunication. Miscommunication could happen from misinterpretation in the meaning intended by the sender. Misinterpretation can be caused due to psychological noise that occurs during communication process. Psychological noise could refer to biases, prejudices and feelings that interfere with the accurate transmission or reception of a message. One of the movie that contains aspects bias perception is Nocturnal Animals. By using Peirce’s Semiotic Theory as the analytical method, the researcher found five out of eight elements of bias perception using Gestalt Principle theory including Similarity, Symmetry, Closure, Figure / Ground and Continuity that occurs within the ten-analytical unit (20 scenes) chosen by the researcher. https://ijels.com/detail/the-representation-of-bias-perception-in-nocturnal-animals-movie/ Sophia Seddarassan, Gabriel Angel Novellita Oley, Florencia Irena https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-MAY-2019-28-TheRepresentation.pdf Literature in its various narrative forms (e.g. novel, legend etc.) reflects human society and culture, of which the latter comprising a whole complex of human behavior learned by people, can and is inherited across generations. One of these cultural traditions is the use of medicinal plants as cure for sicknesses which finds documentation in literary works among early Filipinos and carry the belief up to the present time. Using the four narratives consisting of three full -length novels and a legend as literary sources, the study determined the types of plants traditionally used to cure various sicknesses among Filipino communities, identified the kind of sickness cured by the plants, and presented insights gleaned from such exposition. The different medicinal plants mentioned in the narratives include the alugbati or Malabar nightshade or spinach (Basella alba/Basella rubra), Atis or Custard apple (Annona squamosa), Dampimbanal or holytouch (Hierochloe borealis/Hierochloe odorata), Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) and tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica). In the novels, Alugbati leaves together with tamarind juice was mentioned as remedy for psychosomatic symptoms associated with adolescent’s stress from the onset of manhood. Custard apple leaves was mentioned as cure for body aches and pains, while Dampimbanal or holytouch was used as a relief for fractured bones. The plant parts of Banaba were mentioned to help address different internal disorders, like an ailing kidney, and problems related to the urinary tract and the stomach. In the legend, tamarind was mentioned to be a cure for colds. Some of the insights gleaned from this study are the renewed appreciation and valuation of the knowledge gained in the use of medicinal plants as cure for various illnesses among Filipinos in the context of conservation of cultural tradition, biodiversity and community health care and drug development, the awakening of the awareness and interest of the younger generation on the usefulness of medicinal plants as cure of sickness and their subsequent motivation, and the appreciation of respect for other peoples’ traditions, knowledge gained on various medicinal plants and their uses which could have direct value in addressing ailments in their own homes. https://ijels.com/detail/filipino-use-of-medicinal-plants-in-selected-literary-genres-a-reflection-of-tradition/ Matilda H. Dimaano https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-JUN-2019-26-Filipinouse.pdf The role initiated by Papuan women in providing balance and survival can in fact be realized by caring for others. This study aims at describing the role of Papuan women in Isinga and Namaku Teweraut. This research method uses content analysis with a feminist literary approach. The data is obtained using literature and interviews. The results of this study indicate that by managing the potential in women it will be able to anchor the nation's rank, improve the fulfillment of the needs and quality of life, give a positive influence on survival, and women have a big contribution in creating peace. https://ijels.com/detail/the-role-of-papuan-women-in-isinga-and-namaku-teweraut/ Arief Kurniatama, Suyitno, St. Y. Slamet https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-JUN-2019-25-TheRole.pdf This study focused on the assessment of the socioeconomic status and analysis of the financial and social services of the four(4) selected cooperatives in Tabuk City, Kalinga, Philippines. The descriptive and empirical method was used in the study . The extracted data included the following indicators of the Cooperatives’ financial reports such as the following: Assets, Deposits, and Loans, Net Surplus, Dividends and Patronage refunds.It also conducted a survey from the selected 300 cooperative members on the level of participation of the Cooperatives to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the Philippines.The objectives of the study are summarized as follows : to describe the profile of the cooperatives in terms of its assets, number of members, and age;to determine the members’ economic participation according to their average assets, share capital, deposits, and gross surplus,to determine the members’ economic benefits of the four cooperatives ;to identify the percentage of participation in social and financial obligations of the four cooperatives, and to find out the percentage of contribution the cooperatives have contributed to the sustainable development goals (SDG) as partners for social and economic development of the country. This study found that: the Cooperatives have generated a total of four billion worth of assets and a total members of 16,437,the cooperative greatly contributes to its assets,there is a significant difference in the members’ economic participation on the cooperatives’ services. Moreover, the cooperatives extended funds for the needs of communities ,the cooperative as an economic institution had helped a lot as partners for development and provide quality education as well as in sustaining decent work and economic growth, responsible consumption and production, and peace, justice and strong institution. Finally,the percent contribution of the cooperative in attaining the sustainable development goals of the government is at most 49 percent. https://ijels.com/detail/the-cooperatives-as-an-alternative-partners-for-social-and-economic-development-its-perceived-attainment-to-the-sustainable-development-goals-sdg/ Loneza Gas-ib - Carbonel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-MAY-2019-39-TheCooperatives.pdf