Volume 3 Number 6 (November 4)

The Poetics of Disclosure Narrating the Six-Day War in the Poetry of Nizar Qabbani

Saddik Gohar

Within defined political and aesthetic contexts, the 1967 war poetry was an attempt to re-describe and re-constitute projections of the war in Arab media and popular culture. Repudiating war and its diabolical motives, several Arab poets question and subvert a complex pattern of nationalist myths that gave rise to the 1967 war and sustained it. In this context, the paper explores the provocative war poetry of the great Arab poet, Nizar Qabbani , written in the aftermath of the 1967 war between Israel and three Arab armies. In his denial of the process that aims to obscure the war and bury its atrocities beneath cultural amnesia, Qabbanireveals narratives of trauma and pain demystifying a phenomenon that centuries of history have glorified. Within the parameters of contemporary critical theory, the central argument, in the paper, aims to interrogate the war narratives purveyed by Arab politicians and official state media and their destructive impact on collective Arab memory. The poems, investigated in the paper, aim to engage the politics and the language of war questioning the myths and the monolithic political discourse that triggered the war and paved the way for the defeat.

Cry, the Peacock: Portrayal of Feminine and Masculine Doctrines

Dr. Shasikala P.

â€œAbove all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim.â€ - Nora Ephron Contemporary women value individualism and persist to safeguard it. The sensitively apprehensive, socially vibrant surroundings often turn out to be lethal to the establishment and progress of strong interpersonal relationships. Deprived of a sense of individuality the majority of women feel psychologically debilitated to face life. Unable to resist the assault of the external world, they waft towards solitude, seclusion, obsession, or death. Female marginality, psychic and spiritual despondency, wrecked marital relationships, concealed sexuality or the disillusioned endeavors of establishing individualism are some of the tribulations touched upon by women writers like Anita Desai.

Tarafah ibn Al-Aâ€™bd and his Outstanding Arabic Muaâ€™llagah

Yahya Saleh Hasan Dahami

This paper is an attempt not to claim to be comprehensive in dealing with a poetic piece as one type ofexpressive text in Arabic but a fair endeavor through analytical evaluation of a poem. Thepaper is limited to a few selected verses of Tarafah ibnAl-Aâ€™bdMuaâ€™llagah. Al-Mua'llagah is a representative of the Arabic language and its magnificence. It is a long piece of poetry cannot be examined and scrutinized in a short paper like this. The study focuses with analysis on the first twenty-five verses Tarafah's Mua'llagah. The study applies an analytical and critical approach, attempting to illustrate the influence of Arabic poetry as a means of the language and its glory. It commences with an introduction presenting the importance of Arabic poetic language then it moves to give a suitable picture of Tarafah ibn Al-A'bd as a man and a poet. The researcher afterward shifts to the main part of the study, attempting to bring a paraphrase to some selected verses of the long poem. The work reaches its end by a recommendatory afterword.

A Linguistic Analysis of Friday Sermons of three Mosques in Yola Adamawa State Nigeria

Innocent E. Agu, Evangelista C. Agu, Abubakar T. Liman

This paper carried out a linguistic analysis of Friday sermons preached in three mosques in Yola, Adamawa state. It examined the lexico-syntactic structures of the language of these sermons. Purposive sampling technique was used to select six sermons from three different mosques covering the period of January to March 2015. The paper adopted the Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) Theory of Bresnan and Kaplan (1970) to analyse the syntactic structures. This is a based grammar in theoretical linguistics. It posits two separate levels of syntactic structure, a phrase structure grammar representation of word order and constituency, and a representation of grammatical functions such as subject and object, similar to dependency grammar. It mainly focuses on syntax, including its relation with morphology and semantics. The paper found out that the sermons were structured in the conventional pattern of presenting Islamic sermons: the overall diction was simple. The sentences were varied. Simple, compound and complex sentences were all present in the sermons. Functionally, affirmative declarative sentences dominated the sermons. The paper concluded that the lexico-syntactic structure of the sermons aided the semantic import. Thus it recommended that religious preachers should endeavour to adopt simple words and sentences that would enable the adherents imbibe the positive tenets of their religious worships and practises.

Narrating Railways through accounts and films

Chitresh Shrivastva

Indian Railways, now more than 160 years old has not only played the role of the lifeline of the nation, but has also been instrumental in diminishing boundaries and as seen not only in documentaries, but railways have been effectively been employed in movies as well as an instrument of reunion of the two lovers, or the start of a new relationship (Azmi: 2007). While many debates range around the benefits to railways, many accounts of people working for the railways have through the means of narrations as seen in the story loyalty by Jim Corbett or during the most traumatic of the political events such as partition, yet again railways have been personified as people who come to narrate stories or during the British Raj they have been used as means to describe the experiences of the people travelling in different classes (Kerr: 2007) or by writers like Bharatendu Harischandra or by our very own nationalist leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru who travelled across the country in the first, second and third classes and observing wide differences amongst the people of different classes. The paper seeks to examine the role played by the writers and nationalists during the colonial era and modern era and how the portrayal of Railways have altered over a span of 160 years from an object of criticism to an object of fantasy

Popularity of Vampire Fiction among Teenage Masses

Debangana Basu

The purpose of this research is to show the amount of obsession of the teenagers, especially the teen girls on vampire fiction. It is also the purpose to find out the reason of this obsession and what effects do it have on the lives of the teenagers. In todayâ€™s world, where culture is changing rapidly and people are demanding newer things to read, the writers now rolling their sleeves up and are exploring newer areas, rejuvenating the older folkloric traditions. The effects are very visible as these topics of exploration are being readily accepted and the teens especially are responding to these works very actively. It is taking a great toll on the minds of the teenagers and they are craving more of it.

Racial and Gender Implications in African Female Literature: an Afrocentric Feminist Reading of Emechetaâ€™s Second Class Citizen

Dr. COULIBALY Aboubacar Sidiki, Dr. MAIGA Abida Aboubacrine

The paper analyzes and explains the racial and gender meanings in African female literature, particularly in Buchi Emechetaâ€™s Second Class Citizen. The analysis is made from an Afrocentric -feminist perspective. Thus the research findings have shown how the social and ideological constructions of race and gender could engender networks of racism and sexism for both sexes. Through the experience of Adah, the paper describes the manner in which the colored woman could be double oppressed due to her gender and race. In spite of the obstacles placed before her due to racism and sexism, the findings have indicated that the heroine, Adah, thanks to her determination, and her strong desire to be independent, was able to integrate the English society by obtaining a first class job as librarian at North Finchley Library. She succeeded where many black men failed like her husband, Francis. Although the paper concludes that education and financial independence are efficient means for the empowerment of the African woman, it also reveals the Eurocentric attitude of the novelist. It is therefore found out that Emecheta reproduces some of the same Eurocentristsâ€™ stereotypes about Africa by considering the African man and his culture as responsible for the marginalization of the African woman.

The relationship between online marketing and consumer behavior: A Qualitative study of online marketing in Kurdistan

Dr. Sabeeha Hasan Hama Kawani

The main aim of this study is to examine the relationship between online marketing and customer behavior in Kurdistan. Qualitative method employed to analyze the relationship between online marketing and customer behavior in Kurdistan. We were able to carry out 10 interviews with different people and in different places in Erbil city. The findings showed that there are many barriers in Kurdistan that keep customers away from online marketing, one of the most important barrier is currently there is not method of payment or there is no safe method of payment to allow us to purchase online, moreover most of businesses are too slow in delivery products or sometimes they are delivering wrong products, or may be broken products, especially when it comes to clothes, most of the time they are delivering different size or different color than the one ordered and High cost shipping could be one of the main reason customers usually ignore purchasing online, most of time the shipping price is almost the same with the product price, or when they add shipping price it will be higher than product in the market.

An Overview of Translation Science

Andreja RadetiÄ

The article attempts to present basic terms, used in translation science. It explains the types and forms of translation and differences between translating and interpreting. Types of interpreting are also named. Some organizations, which deal with translating, are enumerated. The article also explains what is translatability and skims through the history and branches of translation science.

The English Language Teaching in Andhra Pradesh should meet the requirements of the present Global World

Dr. I. Suresh, V. Govardhanarao, T. Bhavani sankar, Dr. B. Ramanuja Srinivas

This paper throws light on the status of language learning in Andhra Pradesh and draw backs, problems and education system in the state. It tries to reveal the practical difficulties in teaching English language at school level. The paper focuses on a shift from medium of instruction in the state government schools and a change that occurred in the system since then. It suggests utilizing the resources that are available for rectifying the problems in order to meet the requirements of the present situation globally by the learners.

Correlation between Studentsâ€™ Learning Motivation and speaking Competence at SFL FKIP University HKBP Nomensen

Dumaris E. Silalahi

Motivation has big impact in learning English achievement as it can motivate the students to do hard effort to improve their speaking competence. To know the students motivation in speaking this research presents tending to find out the correlation between studentsâ€™ learning motivation and speaking competence. It conducted to thirty students of foreign language (SFL) at FKIP Univ. HKBP Nommensen. In collecting data, the researcher gave questioners to assess motivation and speaking test to see speaking competence. Then in analyzing data, quantitative design was applied to find out studentsâ€™ scores for both score of studentsâ€™ learning motivation and speaking competence. The analysis found that correlation between the studentsâ€™ learning motivation and speaking competence; variable â€œxâ€ and â€œYâ€ is at the position of â€œ0.315â€. It means that studentsâ€™ motivation in learning English correlate significantly to the studentsâ€™ speaking competence.

Studentsâ€™ Problems in Transactional Speaking on English Foreign Learners (EFL) FKIP Nommensen Pematangsiantar

Bernieke Anggita Ristia Damanik

This research is a study on the Students Problems in Transactional Speaking on English Foreign Learners (EFL) FKIP Nommensen Pematangsiantar. In this research, the problem is â€œWhat are the studentsâ€™ problems in vocabulary when they are speaking English?â€To answer the problem of the study the writer follow some theories namely Nunan (1991) which concern with definition of speaking and the elements of speaking, Brown (2001) which concern with types of speaking performance, Richards (2008) which concern the functions of speaking, Ur (1996) which concern with some difficulties in speaking, Thornburry (2005) which concern with classroom speaking activities and Keegen (2009) which concern with descriptive qualitative research. The methodology which is used in this study is qualitative research, which purposes to find out the result of this research. This subject of the study is the students transactional speaking the second semester academic year 2017. The object of the study is the studentsâ€™ problems in vocabulary when they are speaking English. To collect the data, the writer use test as instrument by asks the students to practice promoting product. The data analysis shows that most of the students face problems in vocabulary namely the choice of word inaccurate, the arrangement of word is wrong and limitations of vocabulary. Finally the writer concludes that the students have problems in speaking English. The students face some problems in vocabulary namely the choice of word inaccurate, the arrangement of word is wrong and limitations of vocabulary. The writer hopes that this research can be useful for the readers.

The effect of applying video on the Studentsâ€™ English Pronunciation Accuracy at the Fifth Semester Students at the English Study Program of the Teacherâ€™s Training and Education Faculty the University of Sisingamangaraja XII Tapanuli in Academic Year 2018/2019

Musrafidin Simanullang

This research is an Experimental research design, the problem of the research is; Does the application of videos significantly affect on the studentsâ€™ pronunciation accuracy? And the objective of the study is to find out whether the application of videos significantly affect on the studentsâ€™ pronunciation accuracy. The sample of this research is the fifth semester students of English Study Program Faculty of Teacherâ€™s Training and Education The University of Sisingamangaraja XII Tapanuli (UNITA) in Academic Year 2018/2019. There were three phases in conducting the research; Pre-test phase, Treatment, and Post-test within in four weeks. The instrument used to collect the data was pronunciation accuracy with thirty questions or words to be pronounced. Based on the data gathered and its analysis, in which the mean score of pre-test is lower than the mean score of post-test or 10.23809524 < 20.76190476, in addition the t-test is higher than the table or 3.3755 > 1.684. In other words, the Null Hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. As a conclusion, there is a significant effect of the application of videos on the studentsâ€™ pronunciation accuracy. Finally, based on the research conclusion, the researcher would like to recommend of using videos in dealing especially with English Phonology and Pronunciation.

The Influence of Gender Differences on Jordanian Second Grade Pupils' Spelling in English

Naâ€™ela Al-Mahdawi

This study investigated The Influence of Gender Differences on Jordanian Second Grade Pupils' Spelling in English .The sample consisted of two second grade sections from Douqarah Co-educational Basic School (N= 33 male students and 29 female students) in the second semester of the academic year. 25 words spelling test was administered to identify differences in spelling skills. There were statistically significant differences between students' scores on the spelling achievement test due gender, in favor of the females. In light of these results, some recommendations were suggested.

English Training for Mangrove Preservation Employees as a Community Service

Samuel Gunawan

This case study investigated a community service in the form of an English training done by the writerâ€™s colleagues. This English training was to upgrade the speaking competence of a group of employees of a cooperation unit working on mangrove preservation. The approach of the English training was eclectic, making good use of some methodological and technical options from some different approaches in English language teaching which were best suited to the specific needs of the client learners. Ample opportunities were given to them to participate, both individually and collaboratively, in the construction of the instructional materials. Pictures were used to bring the learnersâ€™ real world into the classroom. The procedures of the whole program followed the sequence: needs analysis, designation of the topics, practices from sentence building to text building, and immersion in the learnersâ€™ customized lessons. Pattern practices, formulaic forms, meaning-based translation were also used to enhance the client learnersâ€™ speaking competence; thus, creating their greater confidence to express themselves in English.

Factors Influencing Out-of-School Youth in Municipality of Clarin, Bohol

Margie P. Vito, Alfredo E. Niones, Daisy V. Dellosa

Out-of-school youth are susceptible population with numerous needs. Many face dim employment and uncertain futures. The youth in this study were those aged 15-30yearsâ€™ old who were not in school and unemployed, underemployed or lacking basic skills. There were five factors that influenced out-of-school youth in this study namely: unaware of free tuition, financial incapacity of parents, difficulty in passing the entrance exam, donâ€™t like to go to school and got married early. Among these factors, it was financial incapacity of parents that influenced most. A total of 1118 out-of-school youth were identified in Clarin, Bohol. The result of Chi-square Test of Independence showed that there was a significant difference on all the factors that influenced out-of-school youth. This was evident with the tabular value 43.473 less than the Chi square computed value 2 532.91. Having these results, indeed there is a need to uplift the financial state of the people by providing livelihood projects and scholarships for those who wanted to pursue their studies.

Perception Theory on Reflective Teaching

Sheila Mae M. Niones

Reflective teachers are effective teachers. With this notion, teachers have to practice reflective teaching inside their classes to emphasize that they are effective teachers. Since teachersâ€™ practices are not always expected to be reflective, this study discovered the junior high school English teachersâ€™ reflective teaching practices. It further investigated their reflective teaching practices through the help of their principals and students; teachersâ€™ accounts in their teaching practices were itemized. Using inductive approach on theory generation through quantitative-qualitative research, the findings revealed the English teachersâ€™ level of reflection, their teaching practices, and their accounts on their teaching practices. Analysis of the responses also revealed the different themes in the English teachersâ€™ reflective teaching practices, thus the emergence of perception theory on reflective teaching. In-service English teachers need to undergo self-reflection to know more of themselves as teachers and to base modifications of classroom procedures. The school administration may conduct in-service training on reflective teaching practices since these in-service English teachers do not have any seminar-workshops on reflective teaching to develop themselves in their reflective teaching practices.

Teachersâ€™ Accounts on their own Teaching Practices

Sheila Mae M. Niones

This is a qualitative study of English teachers who have at least five years of teaching experience in the Department of Education in the province of Bohol. An interview schedule was utilized in the conduct of the study using open-ended questions. NVivo 10 was used for the thematic analysis on the teachersâ€™ accounts on their teaching practices. There are three themes with subthemes extracted from the study, namely: teaching proficiency, teaching-learning process, and teaching materials. The researcher recommends the in-service English teachers to undergo self-reflection to know more of themselves as teachers and to base modifications of classroom procedures. The school administration may conduct in-service training on reflective teaching practices since these in-service English teachers do not have any seminar-workshops on reflective teaching. Action researches may be accomplished to provide empirical evidences on the improvement of the reflective teaching practices of these teachers.

Reflective Practices of English Teachers

Sheila Mae M. Niones

Reflective teachers are effective teachers. With this notion, teachers have to practice reflective teaching inside their classes to emphasize that they are effective teachers. Since teachersâ€™ practices are not always expected to be reflective, this study discovered the junior high school English teachersâ€™ reflective teaching practices. It further investigated their reflective teaching practices through the help of their principals and students. This study is quantitative in nature. The findings revealed the English teachersâ€™ level of reflection, and their teaching practices. In-service English teachers need to undergo self-reflection to know more of themselves as teachers and to base modifications of classroom procedures. The school administration may conduct in-service training on reflective teaching practices since these in-service English teachers do not have any seminar-workshops on reflective teaching to develop themselves in their reflective teaching practices.

The Concept of Folklore: An Overview of the Psychoanalytic Reading of Folklores

Farhain Khan

Stories have always found a special place in every society and a story teller has had listeners hung on to his or her every word breathlessly for ages . These stories were of myriad quality ranging from comic to heroic, from fables featuring animal as anthropomorphic to fantasy with goblins and fairies. The term folk lore or folk tale is used in English to refer to fairy tales in English such as Cinderella or snow White ,Folk Tales in the broader sense of the term includes all forms of prose narrative , written or oral which are handed down through generations. The modern story telling differs from the traditional folk tale in one important aspect. The modern storyteller emphasizes on the originality of the material. Whereas the teller of the folk tale prides on the fact that he 0r she can pass down the folklores almost verbatim. The folk teller can also uses their own embellishment in the tale in order to mesmerize their audience .It is therefore difficult to separate the oral from the written in folk tale because it travels mostly orally and no folk tale can be traced back to any one writer. Which is to say that maybe the oral stories need not have been always oral . But once the story teller or the raconteur recites it in the public, it becomes more of something to tell to the listener and not something to be read. Historically these public spaces where raconteur and poets recited the popular tales, been the major source of entertainment for the general public. Ancient Greek performed popular plays for the public and there was a stress on the oral recitation and the concept of catharsis or the purgation of the feelings of pity and fear. This art of story telling is not bound by any segment of the society or civilization but is ubiquitously present . It is older than history itself and it travels orally through continents and through space and time. It may differ from place to place but it exists to fulfill one social function and an important human need, which is entertainment. There also exist a curiosity about history or the legends. The oral recitation of heroic tales and legends lend an almost pride like quality among the listeners. The legends of the heros are mostly about their tribes or society and they represent the ideals of honour, pride and virtue for the entire tribe. India as a diverse and culturally rich county has written literature going thousands of years back before Homer .

Workersâ€™ Rights that Work in Drugs Factors (Assessed by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2003 Concerning Employment)

Ahmad Hunaeni Zulkarnaen

Narcotics abuse is included in the category of extraordinary crime with the threat of a very severe sentence, until it can reach the death sentence. The purpose of this article is to analyze the rights of workers or workers who work in narcotics factories in terms of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 13 of 2003. The conclusion of this article is that the work agreement to produce narcotics without permission from the minister of health, is a work agreement that does not fulfill the material requirements of an agreement as stipulated in Article 1320 paragraph (3) and paragraph (4) of the Civil Code, which is contrary to the causal law, contrary to public order and legislation in this case the National Law. Then workers or laborers are not entitled to rights as workers as stipulated in labor legislation.

EU Court of Human Rights and Legal Translation Studentâ€™s Competences

Evis CELO, Dr. Lorenc Danaj

In our paper we will have an overview of some albanian sanction and Eu official documents that are taken into consideration during translating legal terminology .We want to emphasize some spots of students Difficulties while teaching Legal English and trying to translate law issues for sake of knowledge and also to mention the opportunities that International Court of Hague and EU reccomendation offer as a progressive step ,in order to close some of the existing loopholes ! Studentsâ€™ knowledge of culture is a gap while teaching or translating legal terms in context. Our goal is identifying some problems our Students of Law represent while learning/translating English for specific reason. When we discuss the translation of terminology from Albanian to English, it is very important to make a distinction between the two terms â€œtranslating cultureâ€ and â€œcultural translationâ€. Translating culture, in a narrow sense, refers to the act of transferring meaning from one specific culture-bearing language to another. Cultural translation refers to a dynamic process where everyone and everything that are a part of the interaction in translation undergo change, where notions are constructed about other cultures and about oneself. That is to say, translating culture is an act only in translation and cultural translation is the understanding and rendering of cultural concepts. Translating Legal texts is not simply translating culture, but also involves cultural translation.

Studying the Land in Wole Soyinkaâ€™s â€œThe Jero Playsâ€

Atreya Banerjee

The article looks at two play-texts (more commonly called, "The Jero Plays") by the Nigerian literary figure, Wole Soyinka from a certain angle. It draws this angle from the theoretical framework of ecocriticism, or ecological literary criticism. Through this kind of a reading, issues of the local natural environment, the position of the land and its connection with the human inhabitants in the chosen texts are raised. The literary figure's concern about the environment and his eco-sensitivity is also noticed by this exercise.

Problems of Translating Definite and Indefinite Articles from English into Arabic

Dr. Misbah M. D. al-Sulaimaan, Ahmed R. Kh Alsinjari

A study of definite and indefinite articles is one of the most problematic areas in the fields of syntax, grammar, and translation. No doubt, the articles system differs greatly from one language to another, and; therefore one of the biggest problems for translators tackling the translation of articles from English into Arabic is the difficulty of specifying the type of reference each article involves in its cotext and context. This study mainly aims at: (1) giving a comprehensive study of definite and indefinite articles in English and Arabic; (2) specifying and selecting different samples of definite and indefinite articles from books of English grammar; (3) comparing and contrasting articles systems in English and Arabic; (4) showing the type of reference each article involves in its cotext and context; (5) showing how the specified samples are realized in Arabic; and (6) specifying the method of translation that has been used by the subjects. To achieve the objectives above, the study hypothesizes that: (1) the translation of definite and indefinite articles poses serious problems for translators as well as learners of English and Arabic because of the different types of references these articles involve; (2) since, there is no complete formal correspondence between articles systems in English and Arabic; therefore, translators who adopt a dynamic equivalence are more successful than those who adopt a formal equivalence; and (3) nil-equivalence of indefinite articles between English and Arabic poses serious problems for translators and contrastive analysts. To test the validity of the hypotheses, this study draws on a miscellany of data sources for its analysis. Sixty seven samples of different patterns with different reference were translated from English into Arabic by six M.A students in the Department of Translation. English texts with their renderings have been analysed by using tables in terms of reference (e.g., generic, specific, and unique) and type of translation methods. The main findings the study arrived at are: (1) despite the fact that there is a formal correspondence between the English definite article â€œtheâ€ and the Arabic definite article â€œØ£Ù„ Ø§Ù„ØªØ¹Ø±ÙŠÙâ€ on the word rank as well as phrase rank, this generalization does not always work, since in many cases the translation equivalence of the English zero article happens to be definite article in Arabic; (2) with reference to definite generic, reference, a formal correspondence has been achieved between the definite article in English and its equivalence â€œØ£Ù„ Ø§Ù„ØªØ¹Ø±ÙŠÙâ€ in Arabic; (3) as far as definite specific reference is concerned, formal correspondence has been achieved by most subjects with few exceptions. The study ends with some conclusions, suggestions for future studies and recommendations for pedagogical implications.

Postmodern world through the lens of â€œEnzoâ€- Narrator of Garth Steinâ€™s â€œThe Art of Racing in the Rainâ€

Bushra

To be able to see the world through a clear lens is what should be implied not fancied. Sadly, to dismay, people now a days do not sober this practice yet yearn to make Earth a peaceful place which is just as imprudent as to expect a fish to adapt to land just because the ocean water is prevailing salty. In such age where values and norms seem faded by such lens, Enzo explains the realities quite well by diving into complex yet extremely obligatory philosophies of our daily lives. Neither the world is what we see nor what we want it to be for what change this temporary dwelling could manifest if we were only to think about our benefit, solely? Enzo-a quadrant breed; by examining, analyzing, proposing and probing various attitudes, simply qualifies to be much more than a human because we homosapiens deliberately miss quite many chances to express our inner most gratitude or even abhor towards a fellow being. We donâ€™t even relish the present moments nor do we care to ponder over our ethics which is why Enzo pledges the initiative and tries to bring us back to where we actually belong through dragging us to wander in ablissful fantasy of magic realism. It is both exceptional and warily common to contour someoneâ€™s voice in our head and Garth Stein has successfully managed to implement this concept through The Art of Racing in the Rain. The joys, the sorrows, the exclusions, the harmonies and the coherences we feel in this postmodern world shape our attire of being a human but Enzo, in this case, transformsthis foregone concept of ours by introducing us to an unexplainable reality where one should not only bind bridles to the tongue but should also care in uttering even the slightest grain of sympathy for these are the words which shape this postmodern world.

Knowing of Madurese Culture: The Tradition of Ulem-Ulem and Siaran in a Wedding Party

The tradition of ulem-ulem and siaran in a wedding party are unique and exciting traditions, because it uses cigarettes, soaps, and laundry detergents to invite many people to attend a wedding party. This research aims to describe: (1) the process and implementation of the tradition of ulem-ulem and siaran in a wedding party; and (2) the positive and negative impacts of the tradition of ulem-ulem and siaran in a wedding party. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative which the methods of the data collection are interview and documentation. The analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis in a narrative form. The results of this research show: (1) The tradition of ulem-ulem is sharing invitation cards around two weeks before a wedding party is held and siaran is done when a wedding party is in progress. (2) The tradition of ulem-ulem and siaran have both positive and negative impacts. One of the positive impacts is many guests bringing gifts. And one of the negative impacts is disturbing many people when they are all sleeping at night.

PMR Application to increase Activity and Results of Learning about Reduction Additive Fractions in Elementary School

Learning mathematics in elementary school should be oriented to the creation of activities that encourage the acquisition of an understanding of mathematical concepts more profound by the students. Based on observations and interviews conducted in SDN Sukosari 01 Bondowoso, it is known that teachers have many students actively involved in learning. The lack of use of methods or models of innovative learning in every learning math become one of the causes of low student learning activities that adversely affects the learning results. To overcome these problems is used Realistic Mathematics Approach (PMR) to enhance the activity and student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe the application of PMR on the subject of addition and subtraction of fractions to increase the activity and student learning outcomes in class V SDN Sukosari 01 Bondowoso at 2016/2017. This type of research is the Classroom Action Research conducted as many as two cycles and each cycle consisting of 2 meetings and 4 stages, including planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data collection methods used in this research is observation, interviews, tests, questionnaires and documentation. Based on the analysis, the average percentage of students in the classical learning activities in the first cycle increased from 62.92% to 77.42%. In the second cycle, the average student learning outcomes also increased from 65.11 into 75.54. Based on these results, it can be seen that the implementation of PMR can increase the activity and student learning outcomes.

Developing Teaching Material on Report Text of Observation Results Concerning Green Industry as Scientific Awareness for Senior High School Students

Ahmad Syukron, Arju Mutiah

Lately, energy sustainability has become an acutely disputed issue, both at national and global scale. To keep up with the phenomenon, students need to accrue their scientific awareness to innovate in the Green Industry corridor. This research is a development research applying a 4D model (Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating). Based on expert validation and empirical validation, the applicability of the teaching materials under development was 92%. On the other hand, based on the calculated results of the results of product tryouts, the applicability was found to reach 91%. The effectiveness, as found in test using Paired Sample T-Test, generated the value of t = 12.465 with a significance level of 0.000 (p

The Efforts to Improve the Quality of Education in North Tapanuli Regency

Dr. Oktober Tua Aritonang

This study aims to describe in detail the condition of the quality of education in North Tapanuli Regency which has not been in line with expectations, and at the same time provides solutions that can be done to improve it. This study applies mixed method, library method and field studywith direct observation and collect information in the field. Based on the analysis, it is known that the quality of education in North Tapanuli regency still needs improvement which includes some aspects namely quality of graduates, quality of the learning process, competence of educators, facilities and infrastructure, and aspects of management, so that the quality of education can be improved. Efforts that can be done to improve the quality of education are improving teacher competencies, completing facilities and infrastructure, strengthening School-Based Management (SBM) and Integrated Quality Management (Total Quality Management), revitalizing cooperation between schools and the community, and maximizing educationmonitor.

Gondang Sabangunan in a Death Ceremony of Saur Matua in the Batak Toba Society

Aprinaldi Patiaraja Simarangkir

Gondang Sabangunan has existed since the time of the ancestors which has become a marker that can be read symbolically by the society, in various techniques and styles that appear when it is played. The context of the Gondang Sabangunanhas an important role in the Saur Matuadeath ceremony, namely its role vertically and horizontally. The vertical role is as a medium for the creator or God. While the horizontal role is as a medium between fellow humans. The Batak Toba tribe is a sub or part of the Batak tribes. Batak Toba tribe includes Toba Samosir regency, Lagu Boti, Parsoburan, Humbang Hasundutan, Samosir, North Tapanuli. Batak Toba tribe is one of those in North Sumatra province. It also has its own uniqueness that can be seen from its values and customs which are still maintained today by the people. For the Batak Toba tribe, customs are a sacred thing, which must be obeyed. These values and customs become a basis for the life of the Batak Tobasociety itself.

A Tug of War between God and Satan: The Interpretation of Adam and Eveâ€™s Dreams in John Miltonâ€™s Paradise Lost

Szu-Han Wang

The paper aims to explore how the opposing thrones between God and Satan spread out in dreams in John Miltonâ€™s Paradise Lost. Dreams regarded as fields for Satan to induce Eve make Satan temporarily win the battle; however, God turns the tables with little effort to subjugate Satan by appearing in Adam and Eveâ€™s dreams. In Miltonâ€™s elaboration of Paradise Lost, God the father, the incarnation of morality represents supreme power in universe. Howbeit, Satan not only embraces the image of the representative of evilness but plays the embodiment of the root of human crime. Due to the hatred out of jealously, dissemination with malevolent rumor against God becomes Satanâ€™s measure to persuade falling angels that they should possess equal status with God instead of being inferior to God. Furthermore, Satan incarnates himself as animals to induce Eve to rebel against doctrines and orders made by God. Impressively, images of evilness and goodness both appear in Eve and Adamâ€™s dreams reflecting the tug of war between justice and injustice. Dreams symbolize the space of the universe containing positive and negative power. Disregarding the influence of biblical works and other relevant elements in accord with Miltonâ€™s imagination, the issue of the opposed thrones between God and Satan plays a pivotal role in enriching the epic.

Improving Positive Learner Motivation towards Islamic Studies

Alan Mohammed Saeed Mustafa

The success in Islamic studies is getting lower and lower, and many learners are having difficulties with learning Islamic studies and with that also the motivation for learning Islamic studies decreases. The difficulties are shown in both, mastering the material in school and solving the exercises at home. For this reason, the study aims to improve positive learner motivation in learning Islamic studies. The aim of this study is to examine student's motivation towards learning Islamic studies. The purposes of methodology are to explain research methodology, clarify the procedures that used in this research, define the measurements used in planning the instrument, explain data collection, and to provide a clear clarification of the statistical method used in order to analyse data. A quantitative method used in order to analyse data gathered by the researcher. The researcher used a questionnaire to obtain data about the learnersâ€™ motivation and analyse them. 89 students from different universities in Duhok participated in this study. Multiple regression analysis used in this study, as seen in table (3), the coefficients analysis shows the B value for social factor = .611> 0.01, which supported the first research hypothesis, the B value for capabilities factor = .712> 0.01, which supported the second research hypothesis and the B value for behavior factor = .609> 0.01, which supported the third research hypothesis.

Re-Defining Hate Speech Towards Reform Agenda: The Discursive use of Referential Strategies in Kenyaâ€™s 2017 Pre-Election Campaigns

Margaret Nasambu Barasa, Vicky Khasandi-Telewa

Hate crimes and inflammatory speeches have often been propagated in Kenyaâ€™s election campaigns. Kenya has put in place various mechanisms to monitor hate speech. This paper focuses on various ways in which referential strategies by key leaders in the 2017 pre-election political discourse reflect and determine hate speech. It also examines the interplay of politics, social theory and linguistics towards achieving Kenyaâ€™s Reform Agenda. The study is grounded in Faircloughâ€™s and Wodakâ€™s Discourse Historical Approach as a theoretical framework. The findings discursively depict the leaders as using representations that elevate their authority in the texts and naturalise the ideology of intolerance through vilification of others, intentional misinterpretation, subversive intentions, rumours, threats, innuendos, propaganda, depersonalising metaphors falling short of achieving the reform agenda. Policy makers would use the findings to adherence to laws and policies promoting national cohesion.

The Challenges of Human Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Way Forward

Akpan Nse Etim, Edeki John Enesi, Nwokah Imere Lordmizer

The increased interaction of societies on a global dimension evidently provides for the overall need for human security especially in the African continent where the number of conflicts is still overwhelming. This paper examined the challenges of human security in Sub-Saharan Africa with a view to suggesting the way forward. Anchored on a qualitative method and with reliance on secondary sources of data, it argued that there is need to better understand the nature of the rapidly evolving large-scale challenges that can have a major impact on individuals and populations. The paper further observed that it is imperative to strengthen the mobilization of wide range of actors involved in policy formulation that affects the unfolding dangers of human security in order to curtail them. It recommended the promotion of human capacity building in African states, assistance to states in the region to tackle HIV/AIDs and other contagious diseases, promoting the active participation of communities and representatives of civil society in the planning and implementation of development programs among others and concluded that though the challenges of human security in the continent are overwhelming, a proper implementation of these measures could ensure security for the vulnerable populations in the region.

Indonesian Teachersâ€™ Beliefs and Experiences of Computer-Based English Summative Tests

Isry Laila Syathroh, Bachrudin Musthafa, Pupung Purnawarman

Computer-Based English Summative Test (CBEST) has gained popularity in many educational institutions recently. In this testing mode, students do the exam with the help of computer in language laboratory. The result of the test is usually gained immediately after the test is done. Though CBEST has been popular, the implementation of CBEST in Indonesian educational context has not been widely published. This paper specifically presents teachersâ€™ beliefs and experiences in doing CBEST testing mode. The data were collected by distributing questionnaire to 9 (nine) English teachers from 3 (three) different vocational schools. The result of the study showed that teachers believe that the implementation of CBEST give them benefits in several aspects, such as aspect of economy, aspect of system implementation and aspect of test administration and design..

Edward Bondâ€™s Rational Theatre and Violence of Saved

Tanya Mander

This research paper explores Edward Bondâ€™s play Savedto reveal that post war political playwrights adopted a different kind of dramaturgy for exploring the fragmentation and ambivalence of contemporary society. They do not propagate any political ideology but are committed to continue to question and unmask the existing hegemony. Bond looks at his work in terms of Rational Theatre, aimed to raise questions as political thinker, but it is not the task to supply answers as political playwrights. Edward Bond perceives human society as made of a number of smaller societies; each having its different history and culture. His characters are from these smaller sections of society and they bring on to the stage the contradictions in a stratified society. His idea of rationality and his images of violence seem to be diametrically opposite but when explored they are aligned on the same side attempting to articulate the consciousness of â€˜transindividual subjectâ€™. The concept of â€˜transindividual subjectâ€™ was given by Lucien Goldmann, a Marxist. He argues that creative texts are based on transindividual mental structures; and this transindividual subject(s) may be a class (bourgeois or proletariat) or even a smaller group. The paper looks at Saved as interpretation of our age and culture, a reflection, conscious or unconscious, of contemporary social condition and it is not just deluge of facts and details, but is the reflection of the essence of society.

WEEE Resource Ecological Compensation Mechanism Design

Qiang Sun

With the rising awareness of green sustainable development, waste electrical and electronic products (WEEE) resource processing has become a hot issue. Establishing an ecological compensation mechanism is of important to solve the current difficulties in constructing WEEE resource processing. WEEE resource ecological compensations beneficial to alleviate the pressure of WEEE on ecological environment and promote sustainable and coordinated development of WEEE supply chain. The paper aims to improve the ecological compensation system by systematically combing ecological compensation theory and practical experience of ecological compensation mechanism. Taking Shandong Province as an example, WEEE resource ecological compensation mechanism framework from the aspects of compensation subject, compensation object, compensation method and compensation standard is constructed. The guarantee measures for constructing WEEE resource ecological compensation mechanism in Shandong Province are also proposed.

Study of Post-Modernism and Post-Structuralism

C. Tamil Selvi, T. Thilagavathi

Post- Modernism was not the invention of literary critics, but literature can certainly claim to be one of the most important laboratories of postmodernism. Literary postmodernism has tended to be focused on one kind of writing, namely, narrative fiction. It seems oddly fitting that what Hutcheon says â€œpoetics of postmodernismâ€ should turn out to be most in evidence in its fiction. One might almost say that the move from modernism to postmodernism involves a move from poetry to fiction. Modernism had also been characterized by efforts to establish the dignity and seriousness of the novel by developing for it a kind of poetics, centered on principles of structure. This poetics operated according to the principles of a scenography.

Industrialisation and Human Social Development: Charles Dickensâ€™ Hard Times as a Conscience to Sciences

Ibrahim YEKINI

This critical research work aims at investigating on Dickensâ€™s outstanding academy which is incharge of all boysâ€™ and girlsâ€™ education in the Britainâ€™s 19th century. By foregrounding what kind of education these girls and boys need andare submitted and which kind of educators they basically need so as to face the Industrial Revolution new challenges. This research work reveals that Dickens is a peace maker and outgoing father as his parents. Dickensâ€™ conception is a panacea in terms of good education for sustainable development at all the spheres of our society. But before reaching those findings, we have used, psychological reader-response, historicism and marxism and literary criticism in order to well handle the different aspects of our study.

Death of a Sales Man illuminated that a Resistance of Realism Play

T. Poornima

Arthur Miller was a realist. His plays deal with real characters and events. His characters use an idiom of the common man. Their problems relate to every common man of this world. This joys are our own their miseries like those of ours. Millerâ€™s realism is based on the observations of life. He studied not merely the environment but the inside of his characters too. His plays are not escape from romanticism either. Miller believes that romanticism was a part and parcel of majority of people. So he favours a synthesis of determinism and a paradox of will. His plays are concerned with the identity of self. Some of them touch upon the generativity also.

Partition through The Subaltern Lenses in Bapsi Sidhwaâ€™s The Ice Candy Man

Salma Begum

Since the last two decades the theory of Subaltern has attained much recognition. The term subaltern, coined by Antonio Gramsci, designates the people who are socially, politically and geographically outside the power structure. This paper aims to study partition in the light of the subaltern theory. It tries to study the subaltern characters and partition through their eyes. More so, because the subalterns were only represented by others and so it puts forth the argument that whether they were modified while being represented. Would the story be any different if it were told by the subalterns themselves? The subalterns had nothing much to lose and did partition matter to them as they were already depressed enough.

Lord of Flies as a Apologue and a Fiction as Well

Mrs. R. Umagandhi, S. Thulasi Devi

William Goldingâ€™s first novel , Lord of the Flies ,tells about the group of young English schoolboys , between the ages of six and twelve , who survive a plane crash on a tropical island. The boys were apparently evacuated during a destructive atomic war and are left with no adult control anywhere about, to build their own society on the island. The change to create a new paradise is clear enough, but Golding quickly indicates that the boys are products of and intrinsically parts of current human society. Some of the character in this novel applealed to adult sanity in their futile attempt to control their world , but , suddenly and inconsistently at the wnd of the novel , adult sanity really exist. The horrror of the boys experience on the island was really a childish game , though a particularly vicious one , after all.

The Inheritance of a Lost Paradise: A Re-Evaluation of Salman Rushdieâ€™s Shalimar The Clown

Jenny Rathod

This research paper critically examines Salman Rushdieâ€™s novel Shalimar the Clown from a postcolonial, historical and allegorical perspective. It looks at a key issue in the work: the loss of the Paradise that was Kashmir and the implications and consequences of that loss. The novel is a combination of fiction, history, magic realism and allegory. It looks at the terrible tragedy of Kashmir through the powerfully drawn characters of Boonyi, Shalimar, Max and India. The characters reflect the fates of their nations. They are doomed to self-destruct. Their inheritance is an inheritance of pain and loss. Shalimar is Rushdieâ€™s tribute to a lost homeland which has been destroyed by violence. The destruction of Kashmir lies at the heart of this passionately written novel. Shalimarâ€™s original profession as a tightrope artiste comes a full circle when he becomes the member of an international terror organization. Walking the tightrope becomes the ultimate symbol and a metaphor for history. Shalimar the Clown analyzes the roots of violence and connects it to the divisions and conflicts caused in the world by neo imperialism and terrorism.

Philosophical Attitude in Teachers: myth or reality?

Andrew Philominraj, Enrique Espinoza, Nicol Quinteros

This article through a qualitative descriptive study gives account on the importance of the "philosophical attitude" in the teacher. The text presents the characteristics of the Chilean neoliberal educational system, the role of the teacher in new educational scenarios, and the definitions collected from Edmund Husserl's phenomenology of natural attitude and philosophical attitude. Unlike previous research, the results of the Likert questionnaire of this study show that teachers in the commune of Talca do consider the "philosophical attitude" to be fundamental in their pedagogical management.

Development of Softskill Training Models to Increase Personal and Social Competencies of Educators Prospective

Kartika Hajati, Dede Rahmat Hidayat, Muhammad Aswad

This study aims to develop a soft skill development model for educators prospective. As a person who is an example and an example for students, every LPTK student must have high personal and social competencies. As it is known that there are 4 competencies that must be possessed by the teacher, namely professional competence, pedagogical competence, personal competence and social competence. For the first two competencies (professional and pedagogical) the curriculum in the LPTK already has a content that supports the two competencies. Soft skill is an important component in education that is still ignored. Cognitive and conative abilities in the education domain are categorized as hard skills, while other abilities related to social skills and the ability to have self awareness are categorized as soft skills. The research method used is Research Development which is carried out in 2 stages. Stage I as the first year is (a) Mapping soft skills that are owned by students and their implications for the patterns of relationships they develop (b) Develop learning models that can improve soft skills. Phase II conducted in the second year was to implement the model in several schools to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the model by using mixed methods, namely quantitative methodology with explanatory research design model and qualitative method with exploratory research design model. In the first stage, the product research is a soft skill instrument and data on the level of soft skills of prospective educators at UNJ. Based on the research process carried out, obtained softskill instruments that have good instrument character, the instrument test is carried out in the first two stages through the assessment of experts (expert judgment) by two experts, the first psychologist and the two instrument experts. Furthermore, empirical tests were conducted for students at UNJ, the results obtained were that the instrument items had validity ranging from 0.197 to 0.660. Reliability testing with Cronbach's alpha also has a high value, which is 0.728. Furthermore, mapping of soft skills for FIP students, obtained an illustration that the mean value is self awareness 2.8, self skills 2.8, interpersonal skills 3.2 and social skills 2.9.

A Streetcar Named Desire as a Brilliant Implacable Play about the Disintegration of Women

Syed Afshan

Admired plays in twentieth century American dramaturgy. Although Williamâ€™s reputation had already grown considerably with the production of a Glass Menagerie in 1944, with A Streetcar Named Desire, he immediately gained world fame. Williamsâ€™s milieu is the south, a tense and un-reconstructed locale typical only of an environment we all inhabit. His theme is the plight of an individual trapped by his environment, the loneliness and lack of communication between human beings unable to reconcile flesh with the spirit. Filling his play with copious American icons, Williams distinguishes Streetcar as a work of American literature by keeping his plays independent from past theatrical traditions. In essence, Streetcar is not a play driven by a Social agenda, a challenging of gender roles, or a well defined structure of tragedy; it is instead a story driven entirely by human nature and a distinctly American nature, no less.

Realism and Naturalism in Iris Murdochâ€™s â€˜The Sea, The Seaâ€™

D. Richa Tripathi

Dame Jean Iris Murdochâ€™s masterpiece, â€˜The Sea, The Seaâ€™ won â€˜The Booker Prizeâ€™ in 1978 in which writer attempts to divulge real and natural portrayal of the contemporary society, characters, plot and climax as she wants readers to experience harsh truth and naked reality of practical and normal life instead of portrayal of idealism, impracticality, romanticism, imaginary and fantasies of made-up life. The Sea, The Sea is Murdochâ€™s of the finest attempt to root out odd imaginary and to insert what is real and true. This paper reveals that acknowledging truth and accepting reality is the one and only way to know oneâ€™s real self which helps one to be moral and good.

Bursting for a Pee: Short Story

Osama Abu Baha

This story aims to shed light on the life of the refugees around the world. Its setting is applied whenever and wherever. A 7- year child narrates his story in a refuge camp on his first day at school. The story lasts for few days while new scholastic year commenced. He narrates the story from an innocent point of view. He had many flashbacks the over-shadow his whole life. He tells the complications of refugees in every detail: how he queued to have his food portion, how he listened to his mum and teacher, how he burst for a pee and how his class-mate forgot his card ration asleep!

An Invasion into the Utopic World of Alison and Laura: Exploring Osborne and Williamsâ€™ Perspective

Sayantani Sengupta

Being dissatisfied with their own existence and utterly depressed with the imperfect scenario, individuals portray the tendency to travel beyond the attainable space and undertake an imaginary, impractical, creative and constructed journey to the ideal space, which they regard as their epitome of perfection or an alternate society and term it as utopic world. Even though the characters enjoy a momentary existence, they suffer from the dilemma of encountering the subversion of dreams and invasion of an outside element capable enough behind their devastation and crumbling down of the dreams. Such a definitive perspective can be witnessed through the reclusive Laura in Tennessee Williamsâ€™ The Glass Menagerie as she feels herself different from the others and finds escape and solace in her collection of glass animals. Similar viewpoint can be projected through Alison in Look Back in Anger who keeps herself engaged with the household chores being dissatisfied with her marital relationship. Thus, exploring and objectifying the utopic world of Laura and Alison in the ground-breaking texts of Williams and Osborne. Divided into several parts, the paper focuses on the lives of Laura and Alison and highlights the concept of an â€˜outsiderâ€™ through the characters of Jim and Helena respectively. The tendency of Tom Wingfield and Jimmy Porter to relive their past also holds an important section here. Both the plays are analysed critically along with reference to other characters that has influenced the main plot.

F. Sionil Joseâ€™s Novel â€œViajeroâ€ Captures Different Forms of Filipino Diaspora

Matilda H. Dimaano

Literature as form of art can be a medium for expression of manâ€™s lived experiences. As P.T. Barnum, the greatest showman stated, literature is one of the most interesting and significant expressions of humanity. Diaspora literature conveys the idea of homeland, and narrates stories of peopleâ€™s journeys. This study describes Filipino diasporic experiences as captured in the novel â€œViajeroâ€. Results show that different forms of diaspora are depicted including diaspora with cause, diaspora as escapists, diaspora silent at home and diaspora of self. Diaspora with cause is a form of exile where the person departed his country with noble intent. Diaspora as escapists is a form of exile where the person flies out of his country because of committed wrongdoing to existing leadership, while diaspora silent at home is a form of exile where a person leaves his country because of discontent, frustration from experienced injustice and loss of trust in a corrupt government. Diaspora of self is a form of exile where a person leaves his country full of dreams and hopes for attaining better future but experienced varied forms of hardships and abuses. The lived experiences of Filipinos can serve as reference point for migrant workers on the kind of life in store for them so they will have a sense of preparedness when they pursue their dreams of better future. This would aid governments in developing better policies protecting migrant workersâ€™ rights, and allow more humane and self-fulfilling transition in foreign lands without losing their sense-identity.

Enemies of their Own: Rethinking Feminism in Zulu Sofolaâ€™s Wedlock of the Gods

Ezenwamadu Nkechi Judith

The belief that women secretly hate other women is one with a long history in humanity especially in the African context. Avarice suspicion and competition abound in the relationship among the female race. The vibrancy which accosted African gender studies stimulates a closer appraisal of the varying opinions of the females as they inclined to the popular concept of feminism. This paper therefore seeks to interrogate the diversified opinions of the supposed unity in understanding the concept of feminism as it echoes from several female critics cum writers. Zulu Sofolaâ€™s Wedlock of the Gods is used to explore this assertion. Such are clear evidences of divergences in the physical, spiritual, social and intellectual dispositions of women which call for reflections.

Various Concepts to Acquire the Skills

U. Sreerekha

A language is a systematic means of communication. Language is a system for communicating ideas. To be successful, a person requires good communication skills. These skills comprise writing skills, speech skills, listening skills, nonverbal skills. One should have communication skills, while reading, writing, listening, speaking, and conversation with various groups of people etc. Nowadays, all the companies or organizations seek the candidate who speaks good English even for non-voice process jobs because to interact with higher officials through English communication is very essential in the workplace today.

Religion and/or A business? A critical reading of Tree without Roots and PK

Md. Al Walid, Robiul Islam

Religion, with intent, has been misinterpreted by a number of ersatz-saints for their earthly sakes. The paper critically gives a substantial reading of a select South Asian film and a novel with a view to reforming pseudo- religious practices for earthly gain and fanaticism of society, especially, in Bangladesh and India. Showing pseudo-religious activities as a worldly concerned issue from past to present analyzing in the light of Tree without Roots by Niaz Zaman (a translated form of Lal Shalu by Syed Waliullah) and PK- a film by Rajkumar Hirani, the paper argues that â€˜pseudo-religious operationâ€™ creates inconsistency among religious ideologies and deviates people from religious ideology to religious superstition, and mostly pseudo-saints use it as a business resource. This research is done with the content analysis of text and film applying qualitative research approach. The argument is developed through different and differing conceptualization of religion and pseudo-religion. Subsequently, it discusses â€˜operation of pseudo-religionâ€™ in Tree Without Roots and in PK. Finally it aims to demonstrate how pseudo-religion differs from concept of religion, whether it is anti-religious ideology and how it creates bewilderment.

Fostering Learner Autonomy in ESL Teaching

Mingxia Liu

As we all know, changes in the field of language teaching have never stopped. Among the changes that took place in recent years, the main one has been a shift of focus from teachers onto the language learners. Learner autonomy is the new â€˜buzz-wordâ€™ in the field of applied linguistics. How to cultivate LA becomes a key concern for educators and researchers. In order to know whether the LA could be cultivated and the cultivation of LA could benefit the students or not, the author carried out an experiment in Grade One in the Mathematics and Information School in Shandong University of Technology. The experiment was carried out in one year in two classes. The instruments used in the experiment were a questionnaire and three examination papers. The questionnaire which was adapted from Nunan (1996) and modified by the writer included 27 items concerning autonomous learning. The results of the questionnaire and the grades of the three examinations were collected and analyzed to find out whether LA could be cultivated and whether the cultivation of autonomous learning would benefit the studentsâ€™ English learning. Analysis of the quantitative data was performed on the computer using SPSS . Our conclusion is that LA could be cultivated and the cultivation of LA benefited the studentsâ€™ English learning. The thesis included the methodology used in the experiment, the procedure, data analysis and pedagogical implications we could get from the study.

The Challenges of Overcoming Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Toni Morrisonâ€™s Sula and Home

Selay Marius KOUASSI

From a psychoanalytical perspective based on the works of Judith Herman, and on the basis of close reading, this paper explores the challenges and the possibilities to recover from post-traumatic stress disorder in Toni Morrisonâ€™s Sula and Home. It exposes, on one hand, the obstacles African American veterans with chronic war-induced post-traumatic stress disorder face as they try to rebuild their shattered selves. On the other hand, it sheds light on the tools these damaged veterans resort to, in order to reconcile with their traumatic memories and come to terms with the haunting presence in their lives. Sula and home offer ground to discuss topics such as the healing of post-war trauma and the assistance provided to soldiers diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder while they raise questions about the provision of material and emotional support to war veterans in American society.

Magic Realism in the Novels of Amitav Ghosh and Zulfikar Ghose

Md Samiul Azim

Magic realism ,of late, has become the vehicle of expression for some writers for their narratives, After Marquez who hails from South America, in Indian subcontinent Amitav Ghosh and Zulfikar Ghose have tried their hands in magic realism. Since the 1980s, the words "magic realism" and "magical realism" have been widely used and studied by critics and academics. The words are a pair of oxymoron, a word used to describe the forced connection between two discordant concepts. In recent years, magical realism has gained popularity. Because it follows the addition of conflicting components, it has become a popular form of narrative. Both Ghosh and Ghose are author of trilogy and have utilised magic realism with dexterity in some of their novels.

Professional progressive of LIS education through the distance mode in Kolkata: present scenario

Gita Sarkar

This paper traces the emergence of library and information science (LIS) education in Kolkata through distance mode. Describe the current major different pattern of students are involved in distance's mode for professional progressive. It discusses the problem of these students in LIS professional to face the growing challenges of the job market for distance learners as well as regular learners. Nevertheless, current situation maximum students are learnt in distance mode and changing scenario of the society.

Volume 3 Number 6 (November 4)

The Poetics of Disclosure Narrating the Six-Day War in the Poetry of Nizar Qabbani

Cry, the Peacock: Portrayal of Feminine and Masculine Doctrines

Tarafah ibn Al-Aâ€™bd and his Outstanding Arabic Muaâ€™llagah

A Linguistic Analysis of Friday Sermons of three Mosques in Yola Adamawa State Nigeria

Narrating Railways through accounts and films

Popularity of Vampire Fiction among Teenage Masses

Racial and Gender Implications in African Female Literature: an Afrocentric Feminist Reading of Emechetaâ€™s Second Class Citizen

The relationship between online marketing and consumer behavior: A Qualitative study of online marketing in Kurdistan

An Overview of Translation Science

The English Language Teaching in Andhra Pradesh should meet the requirements of the present Global World

Correlation between Studentsâ€™ Learning Motivation and speaking Competence at SFL FKIP University HKBP Nomensen

Studentsâ€™ Problems in Transactional Speaking on English Foreign Learners (EFL) FKIP Nommensen Pematangsiantar

The effect of applying video on the Studentsâ€™ English Pronunciation Accuracy at the Fifth Semester Students at the English Study Program of the Teacherâ€™s Training and Education Faculty the University of Sisingamangaraja XII Tapanuli in Academic Year 2018/2019

The Influence of Gender Differences on Jordanian Second Grade Pupils' Spelling in English

English Training for Mangrove Preservation Employees as a Community Service

Factors Influencing Out-of-School Youth in Municipality of Clarin, Bohol

Perception Theory on Reflective Teaching

Teachersâ€™ Accounts on their own Teaching Practices

Reflective Practices of English Teachers

The Concept of Folklore: An Overview of the Psychoanalytic Reading of Folklores

Workersâ€™ Rights that Work in Drugs Factors (Assessed by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2003 Concerning Employment)

EU Court of Human Rights and Legal Translation Studentâ€™s Competences

Studying the Land in Wole Soyinkaâ€™s â€œThe Jero Playsâ€

Problems of Translating Definite and Indefinite Articles from English into Arabic

Postmodern world through the lens of â€œEnzoâ€- Narrator of Garth Steinâ€™s â€œThe Art of Racing in the Rainâ€

Knowing of Madurese Culture: The Tradition of Ulem-Ulem and Siaran in a Wedding Party

PMR Application to increase Activity and Results of Learning about Reduction Additive Fractions in Elementary School

Developing Teaching Material on Report Text of Observation Results Concerning Green Industry as Scientific Awareness for Senior High School Students

The Efforts to Improve the Quality of Education in North Tapanuli Regency

Gondang Sabangunan in a Death Ceremony of Saur Matua in the Batak Toba Society

A Tug of War between God and Satan: The Interpretation of Adam and Eveâ€™s Dreams in John Miltonâ€™s Paradise Lost

Improving Positive Learner Motivation towards Islamic Studies

Re-Defining Hate Speech Towards Reform Agenda: The Discursive use of Referential Strategies in Kenyaâ€™s 2017 Pre-Election Campaigns

The Challenges of Human Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Way Forward

Indonesian Teachersâ€™ Beliefs and Experiences of Computer-Based English Summative Tests

Edward Bondâ€™s Rational Theatre and Violence of Saved

WEEE Resource Ecological Compensation Mechanism Design

Study of Post-Modernism and Post-Structuralism

Industrialisation and Human Social Development: Charles Dickensâ€™ Hard Times as a Conscience to Sciences

Death of a Sales Man illuminated that a Resistance of Realism Play

Partition through The Subaltern Lenses in Bapsi Sidhwaâ€™s The Ice Candy Man

Lord of Flies as a Apologue and a Fiction as Well

The Inheritance of a Lost Paradise: A Re-Evaluation of Salman Rushdieâ€™s Shalimar The Clown

Philosophical Attitude in Teachers: myth or reality?

Development of Softskill Training Models to Increase Personal and Social Competencies of Educators Prospective

A Streetcar Named Desire as a Brilliant Implacable Play about the Disintegration of Women

Realism and Naturalism in Iris Murdochâ€™s â€˜The Sea, The Seaâ€™

Bursting for a Pee: Short Story

An Invasion into the Utopic World of Alison and Laura: Exploring Osborne and Williamsâ€™ Perspective

F. Sionil Joseâ€™s Novel â€œViajeroâ€ Captures Different Forms of Filipino Diaspora

Enemies of their Own: Rethinking Feminism in Zulu Sofolaâ€™s Wedlock of the Gods

Various Concepts to Acquire the Skills

Religion and/or A business? A critical reading of Tree without Roots and PK

Fostering Learner Autonomy in ESL Teaching

The Challenges of Overcoming Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Toni Morrisonâ€™s Sula and Home

Magic Realism in the Novels of Amitav Ghosh and Zulfikar Ghose

Professional progressive of LIS education through the distance mode in Kolkata: present scenario

Studying the Land in Wole Soyinkaâ€™s â€œThe Jero Playsâ€

Postmodern world through the lens of â€œEnzoâ€- Narrator of Garth Steinâ€™s â€œThe Art of Racing in the Rainâ€

F. Sionil Joseâ€™s Novel â€œViajeroâ€ Captures Different Forms of Filipino Diaspora