https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usDecember 3 This paper empirically examines the role of ICT on agriculture by exploring the application of the theoretical prescriptions of the diffusion model to crop production, an agriculture subsector from 1985 - 2014. This research postulates that crop production can be achieved by increasing the availability, reducing the cost of ICT and utilising ICT in the crop production value-chain process. The OLS results showed that internet utilisation has a positive impact on crop production; mobile cell subscription has a negative impact in the short run while the correlation results showed that ICT adoption and crop production have a strong positive association. https://ijels.com/detail/can-ict-adoption-aid-crop-production-in-nigeria-smart-agriculture/ Ejemeyovwi J., Akhigbemidu A, Agharevba W., Arome V, Akaraiwe O, Ogunlusi T, Owuama. I. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1 IJELS-OCT-2017-7-Can ICT Adoption Aid Crop.pdf In 2001, Jim O’Neill coined the acronym for Brazil, Russia, India and China as the largest emerging markets economies. He expected them to grow faster than the developed countries and to play an increasingly important role in the world. In 2009, BRIC countries held their first summit which in its 3rd summit turned into BRICS with the addition of South Africa. The BRICS now represent 3 billion people and a combined GDP of $16 trillion. The group is the third giant after the EU and the US. Analysts predict that the BRICS will overtake US in terms of GDP this year and the G7 by 2030. In the summit in July 2014, BRICS leaders have approved creating the BRICS New Development Bank which would fund long-term investment in infrastructure and more sustainable development. The economics projections show that till 2040, the BRICS is expected to rule the world market. https://ijels.com/detail/brics-is-the-group-really-creating-impact/ Dr. Sadaf Mustafa, Ammad Zafar, Dr. Saima Akhter https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2 IJELS-OCT-2017-19-BRICS Is the Group.pdf Dina Mehta is an Indian writer belonging to the Parsi community. Among the Indian writers belonging to the community of Parsi’s, Dina Mehta is prominent. Generally, the Parsi novelists who write in English are differentiated into two categories; expatriate writers and stay-at-home writers and Dina Mehta falls into the category of stay-at-home writers. Other Parsi novelists like Firdaus Kanga, Rohinton Mistry, Farrukh Dhondy and Bapsi Sidhwa are included in the list of expatriate novelists. The work of these novelists reflects the life of their community and the history of India. Their works also portray their ethnic identity and relationships like motherhood, intricate baffling relationship of men and women, incest and adultery. Dina Mehta’sGetting Away With Murderdeals with various issues like child abuses, rape, female feticide, and blind superstitious belief that are the hindrance in the development of human development, but this play voices against foeticide, infanticide, rape, inequality, and gender discrimination. This play portrays the independent thinking modern women who work to rise up herself and world around with her conscience thoughts, and harmony. Getting away with murder is one of the three plays in the collection entitled “Body blows- women violence and survival” published by Seagull books, Calcutta in 2000. The play was first performed by Indus International, a socio-cultural group for women at British Council Theatre in Mumbai in 1990. The play seeks to portray the lives of three friends Mallika, Sonali and Raziya who are connected perhaps by the strain of suffering that they undergo in the hands of male hypocritic and dominating human. The private world outside so corrupted that women have to face childhood sexual abuse, differential treatment on the male and the female child, infidelity partners with whom they have an utterly insecure relationship, sexual harassment at workplace and elsewhere, and a disheveled life despite having been educated. https://ijels.com/detail/self-resistance-in-dina-mehta-s-getting-away-with-murder/ L. Jeevitha, Dr. G. Subramanian https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3 IJELS-OCT-2017-23-Self- resistance in Dina.pdf At this paper we present general aspects of contemporary socio-anthropological thought, and for that shows the three main axes of anthropological studies encompassed in Paleontology in Archaeology and Social Anthropology. The first point addresses developed the construction of the anthropological object from the perspective of Durkheim and Leach as representatives of the French and British schools of anthropology, respectively. Following shows the confrontation between Malinowski and Leach as their way of doing ethnography. Subsequently it is discussed the prospect of Lévi-Strauss and Evans Pritchard in order to analyze the symbolic aspects of culture. Finally we present a fast cut the Lamarckian and Darwinian evolutionism as precursors of the first anthropology schools. https://ijels.com/detail/socio-anthropological-thought-method-field-research-ethnography/ Albeiro Mejia Trujillo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4 IJELS-NOV-2017-8-Socio-anthropological thought.pdf This research was aimed to develop a textbook of drama playing technique based on character education. Research and Development method developed by Borg and Gall was used in the study. It was conducted through 4 steps, namely: (1) preliminary stage, (2) model development stage, (3) model testing stage, and (4) dissemination stage. The research approach used in the exploration stage was qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection was done through documentation study, observation, interview, and questionnaire. Data analysis technique was done using interactive analysis model. Model testing was done by conducting experimental research. The results of this research were: (1) exploration stage showed that drama textbooks used in UNS Surakarta, UMS Sukoharjo, and UNISRI Surakarta were not in accordance to the students and lecturers’ need, (2) model development stage produced textbook of Drama Playing Technique based on character education through preliminary field testing; And (3) the effectiveness testing stage of the textbook (main field testing) showed the t obtained value was 8.85 which was then consulted with the value of t table (with N = 90, α = 0.05) of 1.67. Thus, t-obtained (8.85) > t-table (1.67), the hypothesis was accepted (Ho was rejected) and the research was significant. This means the textbook of Drama Playing Techniques based on character education was effective. https://ijels.com/detail/developing-character-education-based-drama-textbook-to-increase-the-ability-to-play-drama/ Retno Winarni, Karsono, Muh. Ismail S https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5 IJELS-NOV-2017-1-Developing Character Education-Based.pdf William Shakespeare (1564-1616) is beyond doubt the greatest dramatist of all time. He occupies a position unique in world literature. His plays earned him an international acclaim and acceptance as the best dramatist in the entire history of English literature. His play, The Tempest has been interpreted differently by critics belonging to different schools of thought. "The Post-colonial readings of The Tempest were inspired by the decolonization movements of the 1960s and 1970s in Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America."1 The paper attempts a postcolonial reading of The Tempest by questioning Prospero’s ownership of the island and rethinking the role of Caliban. https://ijels.com/detail/a-postcolonial-reading-of-shakespeare-s-the-tempest/ Ishfaq Hussain Bhat https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6 IJELS-NOV-2017-12-A Postcolonial Reading.pdf Literature comes to readers in various forms of different shapes and conveys messages about human beings’ power and deeds that make them rank high or dwindle drastically. Among other literary forms, epics, tragedy and novels depict human heroic exploits but also tragic fall. In this study, the researcher intended to compare Achebe’s central character in his realistic novel, Things Fall Apart and Kunene’s in EmperorShaka the Great, A ZuluEpic. The study explores the tragic flaw of Okonkwo and Shaka. Based on a dual theoretical framework namely Christopher Booker‘s stages of the tragic flaw and Aristotelian theory of the tragic hero, the researcher used literary analysis as the scientific method to cement the discussion. It was found that Shaka,- the protagonist in Emperor Shaka the Great, A Zulu Epic and Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart share a number of tragic features bent with fate and tragic flaw of each. They both committed an error that made them dwindle drastically hence their abrupt death each. https://ijels.com/detail/tragedy-in-two-african-heroic-genres-focus-on-achebe-s-okonkwo-in-things-fall-apart-and-kunene-s-shakain-emperor-shaka-the-great-a-zulu-epic/ Bazimaziki Gabriel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7 IJELS-OCT-2017-3-Tragedy in two African heroic genres.pdf It is now well established and self evident fact that English, the fourth most widely spoken native language in the world, has become the most spoken official language in the whole world. It has become today’s inevitable need to have command over this trendy language so that one can compete with their co-participants in national and international affairs successfully. Its official importance is undeniable even in those nations where it is not the primary spoken language and India being a Non-English-Speaking Country is one of them and it has its largest effect because of its second largest population in the world. English is now the language of global partnership, multi disciplinary work culture, global trade and commerce. In India, English has become one of the societal status symbol in the Indian societies as it is now gifted to determine the survival of the fittest of new generation. With the expansion of scientific approaches and technological advancements such as computers, internet, e-books and smart phone, e-learning, it has become a popular and desired trend among youth to communicate in English language. To acknowledge its worth, English language has become a very crucial part of every curriculum in the government and non government universities and schools in India. As per its global need, the roles and responsibilities of English language teachers have become very critical. The main objective of the study is to make an assessment on the suitability of current trends, perspectives and pedagogical methods used by English language trainers to improve English language among English Language Learners and to suggest them certain practical ways to improve its efficiency among beginners, intermediate and advanced level learners. https://ijels.com/detail/empowering-english-language-teaching-learning-process-in-india/ Dr. Richa Tripathi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8 IJELS-NOV-2017-11-Empowering English Language.pdf According to Aristotle’s theory disseminated in The Poetics, the tragic hero should be a man with a towering personality who, due to a certain tragic flaw, undergoes some sort of transformation from prosperity to adversity, which leads to his tragic downfall. This paper explores the moral decline of Alexander, the protagonist of Terence Rattigan’s play Adventure Story in the light of Aristotle’s concept of the tragic hero and within the context of the play itself. https://ijels.com/detail/the-tragic-hero-in-rattigan-s-adventure-story-a-study-of-his-moral-decline/ Professor Saddik Gohar https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9 IJELS-NOV-20176-6-The Tragic Hero in Rattigan.pdf Over the years, cocoa and oil palm production have been one of the major market of export for international trade and a major source of economic growth in Nigeria. However,the production of cocoa and oil palm has been below expectation as a result of government diverting its attention to the oil and gas sector and consequent low attention in the agricultural sector. This study, therefore, examines the relationship between performance of cocoa and oil palm production on inclusive growth in Nigeria (1981- 2014). It employed Johansen co-integration test to determine the long run relationship between the performances of cocoa-oil palm production on inclusive growth in Nigeria, which is complemented with the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). The results revealed that cocoa and oil palm production exact positive and significant effect on inclusive growth in both short and the long run. Thus, it is recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria should invest in activities such as basic and applied agricultural research, agricultural extension and capacity building, irrigation development and agribusiness development that will promote agricultural production resulting in pro-poor growth. https://ijels.com/detail/assessing-the-performance-of-cocoa-and-oil-palm-production-on-inclusive-growth-in-nigeria/ Deborah E. Agene, Evans S. Osabuohien, Akakraiwe Onyekachi, Victoria K. Senibi, Onoja. S. Abraham https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10 IJELS-NOV-2017-4-Assessing the Performance.pdf Many scholars international academic circle have applied narratological theories into novel studies, drama studies, film studies, cultural studies, educational studies, as well as narrative space studies in order to establish novelist narratogogy, dramatic narratology, filmic narratology, cultural narratology, educational narratology, and spatial narratology respectively. Few of them have failed to apply narrative theories into poetic studies, fewer of them into the studies of poetic narratology and none of them into the studies of poetic narratology from the perspective of structuralism. Hence, this essay aims to make a study of its theoretical foundation based on structuralism. https://ijels.com/detail/structuralism-as-an-approach-to-the-theoretical-construction-of-poetic-narratology/ Jun Luo, Gui-jun Li https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11 IJELS-NOV-2017-18-Structuralism as an Approach.pdf This paper is an attempt to explore the proverbial language of Chinua Achebe in Things Fall Apart in support of the civilized Ibo culture. Chinua Achebe has put many proverbs in his mouth pieces. All the proverbs used in this novel belong to the Ibo culture. The proverbs used by Ibo people in the novel are worthy enough to claim that they have a strong heritage and history which is symbol of civilized culture. The language of the Ibo people when compared with whites, it becomes crystal clear that whatever they say is proved or followed by strong arguments of proverbs. Whites say things imperatively and lack strong arguments in their talks. The questioning of Ibo people during their discussions with whites is as rich as their day to day conversations. Language is one of the basic traits of a culture, the culture having language saturated with proverbs and rich vocabulary is considered to be civilized culture. Ibo language is rich in both these aspects therefore it is presented as a civilized and strong culture not mere the culture of barbarians as considered by the West. This is a text-oriented study which is focused on the language of Things Fall Apart in which proverbs are used in abundance and the purpose of this paper is to prove that Chinua Achebe wants to reveal the civilized side of Africans in general and Ibo people in particular. https://ijels.com/detail/achebe-s-defense-of-civilized-ibo-culture-via-proverbial-language-in-things-fall-apart/ Gohar Ayaz, Nadia Anjum https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12 IJELS-NOV-2017-5-Achebe s defense of civilized.pdf Shakespeare is undoubtedly the world’s most influential poet and dramatist. His works have been studied by many people and his plays have been made into movies and even live performances. In each of his play we find the grim reality of human conscience. Shakespeare’s presentation of women in his plays demonstrates his feelings about women and their role in the society. In his plays women do not constitute main character, yet they play an important part. We can see the impact of society and time on the feminine characters in his plays. During Shakespearean age women had very little authority, autonomy and recognition. They gained their status based on the position of their father or husband. They were expected to be a silent observer. Under those circumstances, Shakespeare created such a beautiful and memorable characters like Beatrice, Cleopatra, Juliet, Rosalind, Hermione, Lady Macbeth, Helena& Hermia , Olivia and Viola etc. all these unforgettable characters act as a mirror to Shakespearean age. Thus the main aim of this research paper is to highlight the correlation of his women characters with the time and society and in what ways they act as a mirror or reflection. https://ijels.com/detail/shakespeare-s-women-characters-as-a-mirror-of-society/ Ankita Gupta, Dr. S. K. Tiwari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13 IJELS-NOV-2017-3-Shakespeare s women.pdf The Castle is one of the important novels of Franz Kafka, a radical, revolutionary German novelist. The picture of man that Kafka presents or portrays in his novels like ‘The Castle’, ‘The Trial’ and ‘America’ is not the picture of the spiritual or the ideal man but of the real one who lives in the midst of his ‘situations’ – mostly painful, perilous situations. https://ijels.com/detail/man-s-capacity-of-sustenance-within-the-walls-of-his-woes-a-study-of-kafka-s-the-castle/ Dr. Sohail Ahmed https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14 IJELS-DEC-2017-2-Man s Capacity of Sustenance.pdf This study investigates the short run effect, long run effect and causal relationship between stock market and economic growth in Nigeria. The Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test, Ordinary Least Squares, Johansen Co-integration test and Pairwise granger causality methods were applied to the variables. The OLS result showed that the all share index had a significant but negative relationship with economic growth; The Johansen co-integration test showed that a long run relationship exists between the stock market performance and economic growth in Nigeria in the long run while the Granger causality test results showed that stock market performance does not granger cause economic growth but economic growth granger causes stock market performance at 5 percent significance level. The study suggested some of the possible reasons for the negative impact of stock market on the Nigerian economic growth and recommended that efforts should be made to improve the stock market performance to have a positive effect on the real gross domestic product of Nigeria overtime. https://ijels.com/detail/stock-market-and-economic-growth-in-nigeria/ Popoola Olabisi R., Ejemeyovwi O. Jeremiah, Alege O. Philip, Adu Omobola, Onabote A. Ademola https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15 IJELS-NOV-2017-7-Stock Market and Economic.pdf The study examined organizational learning and perceived job complexity as predictors of commitment among employees at Nestle Ghana Limited. One hundred and twenty (120) employees were selected using the convenience sampling to complete the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire, Job Diagnostic Survey and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. The findings were determined with the independent t test, the Pearson r and regression analyses. Findings indicated that employees who perceived high job insecurity were less committed than those who perceived low job complexity. A significant positive relationship was found between organizational learning and employee commitment. Individual learning accounted for more variance in organizational commitment compared to group and organizational components of learning organization. These stand to reason that to improve employees' commitment, management needs to dedicate a lot of efforts in creating a conducive environment that encourages learning and also redesign complex jobs that meet the knowledge, skills and abilities of employees. https://ijels.com/detail/organizational-learning-and-job-complexity-as-predictors-of-commitment-among-employees-at-nestle-ghana-limited/ Prince Addai, Isaac Nti Ofori, John Avor, Daniel Ntiamoah Tweneboah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16 IJELS-NOV-2017-21-Organizational Learning and.pdf Literature is a mosaic of multicultural actions and events reflected by it in a particular era of the history. It is the best vehicle to promote and preserve the cultural heritage from generation to generation. Novel is one of the best components through which the human thoughts and feelings have been transferred from ancestors to the offspring's. As behind every book that is written lies the personality of the man who wrote it, and as behind every national literature lies the cultural characters of the race which produced it, so behind the literature of any period lie the combined forces-personal and impersonal which made the life of that period. As a whole, cultural narration is only one of the channels of literature in which the energy of an age discharges itself in its political movements, religious thoughts, philosophical speculation, art; we have the same energy overflowing into other forms of expression. The study of cultural narration of a particular period of literary era will thus take us out into the wide field of history, by which we mean the history of politics and society, manners and customs, culture and learning, philosophy and religion. https://ijels.com/detail/novel-as-a-cultural-narrative/ Dr. Mohd Yousuf Khan, Peer Salim Jahangeer https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17 IJELS-DEC-2017-3-Novel as a Cultural Narrative.pdf Ali depicted in general the terrible and destructive human tragedy of subaltern but in particular he put forth the subaltern voice of Kashmir in the landscape of his poetry, and this novelty emerges from the chaos of Kashmir. He had been educated in English and he develops the interest in English language and literature. So English literature has influenced him and his behavior had changed accordingly that he became well aware about postcoloniality. He wants to get rid from these clenches all the countries of the world as well as his motherland Kashmir which he also represented in his poetry. He is extremely worried not only with his previously colonized home ‘the Indian subcontinent, particularly the region of Kashmir’ but also with other cultures subject to the repercussion of colonialism and the modern neocolonial order. He writes poetry of ‘compassionate cosmopolitanism,’ which, fixed in his multi-cultural tradition, not only foregrounds an ethics of empathy across countrywide and civilizing limitations but also implies an assessment of colonial and neo-colonial power. His cosmopolitanism is especially meaningful if read in the context of postwar American travel poetry and enables review of the association between “home” and “foreign,” between local issues and universal apprehensions. https://ijels.com/detail/the-terrible-and-destructive-human-tragedy-of-subaltern-kashmir-in-the-light-of-agha-shahid-ali-s-poetry/ Dr. Mohd Yousuf Khan, Peer Salim Jahangeer https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18 IJELS-DEC-2017-4-The Terrible and Destructive Human.pdf Violence is an act that causes pain, suffering, societal prejudice, humiliation, ostracism, marginalization or even death. Any action carried out intentionally or unintentionally but which affects an individual negatively in an injurious or destructive manner maybe perceived as violence. Violence may be political, social, emotional or religious depending on the situation surrounding a given society. Any form of violence is an abuse of human rights which restricts or denies an individual access to his or her rights in society. Such universal basic rights are rights to live, freedom of thought, speech or religion, freedom of movement, choice, acceptance and security. Unfortunately the girl-child has suffered most in our society, both within the family and other social institutions that are meant to train, educate and socialize her. The girl-child in many African societies, Nigeria not exempt, has been sexually abused, trafficked, denied education, humiliated, oppressed and suppressed. She has been subjected to various forms of gender-based violence such as domestic violence, cultural violence, rape, forced prostitution and forced early marriage. These impinge on the growth, rights and physical well being of the female gender especially the girl child, with huge and grave consequences. The thrust of this paper is to see the extent the girl-child has been exposed to violence, how far she suffers and is still suffering from one form of violence to another. The paper concludes that despite the violence prohibition Act of 2015 the girl-child is still very much subjected to violence and if definite steps are not put into action the girl-child will continue to be deprived of her rights. https://ijels.com/detail/gender-and-human-rights-the-girl-child-and-violence/ Dr Jane Nkechi Ifechelobi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19 IJELS-NOV-2017-22-Gender and Human Rights.pdf This article is devoted to description of character phycology in translation. It’s showed clearly in each passages of translation. We can see that in these comparative images, Babur’s manifesting objective in originality of the person, the personality of around people, regardless who they are, a mature person or a miserable person. It’s explained to pragmatic sides of original text and analyzed in translating text is suitable for or not. https://ijels.com/detail/the-psychology-of-character-expression-and-descriptive-tools-in-reflecting-translation/ Khoshimova Dildora Madaminovna https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20 IJELS-DEC-2017-6-The Psychology of Character.pdf The aim of this article is to investigate the translation of Persian cultural patterns of “Isfahan nameh” written by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh and translated by W. Heston. After identifying the cultural patterns of the corpus the researchers compared, contrasted and classified them with their parallel translations based on Nord and Newmark models and then extracted the applied translation strategies, the result, considering the implicit patterns revealed that cultural equivalent and functional equivalent were the most frequent applied strategies and among the explicit cultural patterns, place, food, national and religious custom were used most and the ecology, leisure and political era used least. Testing the null hypothesis by applying chi-square, no significant difference was found between the percentages of the strategies used by the translator in translating the extracted cultural patterns of “Isfahan nameh” at the probability levels of 95% and 99%. https://ijels.com/detail/english-translation-of-iranian-local-cultural-patterns-of-isfahan-nameh/ Nasrin Kalani, Forouzan Dehbashi Sharif https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21 IJELS-DEC-2017-20-English Translation of Iranian.pdf The study examined the impact of FDI on economic growth in Libya, the study relied on statistical analysis techniques for SPSS, after analyzing the data using several techniques for statistical analysis or revealing the relationship between independent variables (foreign investment, labor force, the inflation rate in the economy) And the dependent variable (growth rate in the Libyan economy) for 16 years during the period 2000-2015. In the light of data analysis, a quantitative approach was used using self-regression analysis. The results of the normative analysis of the relationship between growth rate In Libya and some independent variables, the increase in foreign direct investment by 1% leads to an increase in GDP by 0.215%, the estimated public line gave the best results, and this satisfies the assumption that increasing foreign direct investment leads to a high rate of economic growth in Libya. https://ijels.com/detail/the-impact-of-foreign-direct-investment-on-economic-growth-in-libya/ Mustafa El. Hamoudi, Nagmi Aimer https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22 IJELS-DEC-2017-22-The Impact of Foreign Direct.pdf This paper critically examines the effect of capital asset pricing model (CAPM) for the Nigerian stock exchange using monthly stock values of 20 listed firms for the period of ten years (January 2006- December 2015) covering the periods and the aftermath of the 2008/2009 global economic crisis. In order to enhance the precision of the beta estimates and reduce the statistical problems that arise from measurement errors in individual beta estimates, the securities were combined into portfolios. This study employed simple ordinary least square (OLS) regression technique and found no conclusive evidence for the application of capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in the Nigerian Stock Exchange. https://ijels.com/detail/capital-asset-pricing-model-evidence-from-the-nigerian-stock-exchange/ Afolabi T. G., Njogo B. O, Areghan I. A, Olugbenle A.H, Olusesi H.O https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23 IJELS-NOV-2017-19-Capital Asset Pricing Model.pdf In 2015, the challenge posed in Paris washow to regulate the consumption in the near future, to hold the increase of the temperature in this century below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Considering the fact that the planet’s temperature variation is the consequence of the increase of human activities over time, it is fundamental to build a mathematical model to diagnose the impact caused by human activity. In this context,with this research work, we developed a mathematical model which theoretically predicts the temperature variation, and with that, present possible scenarios considering human activity (Gross Domestic Product and demographic growth) over the last 100 years.With this model, it may be confirmed that the accumulation of economic wealth and nations’ demographic growth generates an over exploitation of natural resources which leads to an increase of the average global temperature. https://ijels.com/detail/analysis-on-the-effect-of-human-activities-in-the-average-global-temperature/ Juan Bacilio Guerrero Escamilla, Sócrates López Pérez, Yamile Rangel Martínez https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24 IJELS-DEC-2017-23-Analysis on the effect.pdf The aim of the research is to develop speaking skills and improve the efficiency of teaching English as a foreign language in our country. To be successful in achieving the aim, it is necessary to increase students’ involvement and encouragement in the speaking process. With this purpose, it is inevitable to find out who our students are, their needs, and what approaches to use. Having answered all these questions, it is possible to engage them in the process of learning language with enthusiasm and increase English speaking skills competence by creating self-confidence in them. https://ijels.com/detail/speaking-is-a-challenging-skill-in-language-learning/ Saida Verdiyeva, Farida Huseynova https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25 IJELS-DEC-2017-25-Speaking is a Challenging.pdf Indian women writers of the twentieth and twenty first centuries always try to raise the issues related to women with a fresh perspective. These women writers have presented life through literature with great vividness. Among the feminist writers, Shashi Deshpande gets a prominent place in later part of the twentieth century. Deshpande’s novels often deal with the problem and sufferings of women in middle class family, which reflects the realistic picture of the contemporary middle class family life. The present article clearly declares the despondency state of middle class women as portrayed in Deshpande’s That Long Silence. Jaya is the main character of this novel. The silence between Jaya and her husband further deteriorates the situation. She realizes at the end that she should break the silence and try to achieve her identity as an individual through self-realization and self-assertion. https://ijels.com/detail/despondency-of-women-as-portrayed-in-shashi-deshpande-s-that-long-silence/ S. Surya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26 IJELS-DEC-2017-29-Despondency of Women as.pdf Bram Stoker’s Dracula accrued international recognition and acclaim and is the foundation of an expansive creative outpour of literature, film adaptations, and numerous interpretations. The name Dracula is familiar around the world and has been critiqued by numerous schools of thought. The paper looks at the Bram Stoker’s use of female vampires to highlight the New Woman, economic dependence, and domestic neglect. https://ijels.com/detail/dracula-s-brides-economic-seclusion-prostitution-and-domestic-neglect/ Abriel Garrick https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27 IJELS-DEC-2017-24-Dracula s Brides Economic.pdf The academic environment is one of the numerous factors affecting academic performance and achievement. This paper assessed the academic environment of a university in terms of safety, cleanliness and comfortability. The descriptive method was used. This paper surveyed a total of 217 respondents, including 84 male and 217 female business administration students from Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology. This study examined how college students evaluated their learning environment in terms of safety, cleanliness, and comfortability. Safety of their learning environment topped on the students’ evaluation as compared to cleanliness and comfortability. They feel safe inside the school building and secured that their learning environment is free from harm that drugs may cause. Students’ participation was very important in maintaining their learning environment. Healthy and clean food was also prepared for them by their school. Strong evaluation result in the students’ learning environment was the positive and healthy interactions between instructors, staff, and student as it leads to the academic success of the students. However, some problems encountered are in terms of monitoring of guards to school vicinity is not regularly conducted, cleanliness of the comfort rooms was not observed, and fire exit was not easily accessible. https://ijels.com/detail/business-administration-students-evaluation-of-their-learning-environment/ MA Germina Esquivel-Santos https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-10220225-Business.pdf Diaspora authors are disparate, but project some common themes in their works. In delineating the realities of diaspora people they use their first hand knowledge of migration and relocation. The diaspora people are constantly shaken by two opposite pulls—that of the past coming from the nostalgic yearning for the lost homeland and that of the present born out of the newly adopted life. In fact, they live an in-between life, constantly subverting their national identity by hybridity and hyphenated identity. Among the diaspora authors from Indian Parsi background, Rohinton Mistry has adequately dealt with the various realities of migration. Even amid the upheavals of migrations, Mistry has been sharply recalling his city of birth and youth and has provided a fine blend of fiction and autobiography through recreating his lifelike situations in his fiction. His first commendable work of fiction, Tales from Firozshh Baag (1987), is spread with such examples, though he has refuted to have any deliberate intention at adding autobiographical elements to his fiction. “Swimming Lessons”, an important story in that collection, well exhibits his employment of autobiographical elements through the means of memory. The present paper seeks to explore the author’s engagement in the diaspora issues, especially the tendency to indulge in memory of the native land, within the short span of this very story. https://ijels.com/detail/memory-desire-and-alienation-diaspora-issues-in-rohinton-mistry-s-swimming-lessons/ Joy Mukherjee https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29 IJELS-DEC-2017-Memory.pdf Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels present a powerful ecological vision that captures the environmental and cultural shifts occurring in 19th-century rural England. Through close readings of major Wessex novels, this article examines how Hardy presents nature not merely as a backdrop but as an active, enduring presence in his texts. It focuses on key themes such as environmental estrangement, land commodification, mechanized agriculture and the decline of traditional rural life. By drawing parallels between the erosion of agrarian landscapes and the human cost of industrial and social change, the study highlights Hardy’s deep sensitivity to the fragility of the human-nature relationship. His narratives register a profound sense of loss, both ecological and cultural, and reflect a growing anxiety about the disconnection between people and the land. In portraying nature as both witness and participant in this transformation, Hardy offers a compelling vision of pastoral decay, one that continues to resonate in the face of on-going environmental crises. https://ijels.com/detail/nature-in-crisis-the-ecology-of-pastoral-decay-in-thomas-hardy-s-wessex-novels/ Dr. Chittaranjan Nath https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30 IJELS-DEC-2017-30-Nature.pdf