Volume 2 Number 5 (September 3)

Attitude towards Women in Managerial Positions: A study among Undergraduate Students of the University of Ghana

Prince Addai, Isaac Nti Ofori, Rona Bioh, John Avor

Men cannot solely manage all the activities of our institutions; women also play tremendous role in management. However, some people have negative attitude towards women in management positions. The present study examined how gender differences influence attitude towards women in managerial positions. The study also examined whether attitude towards women in managerial positions is determined by the perceived integrity of the women. A total of two hundred (200) undergraduate students of the University of Ghana were selected using convenience sampling to complete the Perception of Integrity Scale and Leadership Scale Inventory. Data was analysed using the independent t-test and the Pearson r. Results revealed that females had significantly positive attitude towards women in management than males. Christians had significantly positive attitude towards women in management than Muslims. There was a significantly positive relationship between perception of integrity of women in management and attitude towards women in management. The implication of the study is that perceived attitude towards women is influenced by the integrity of the women.

â€œYou just donâ€™t understand.â€-A Postcolonial Reading of Everyday Use

Zhao Zhiliang

This paper presents a postcolonial reading of Alice Walkerâ€™s Everyday Use, a new perspective on this story. The visitors is metaphorically regarded as new â€œcolonizerâ€, the Other against Mama and Maggie who have finally defended their stance and truly sustained the African culture.

Gender, Education and Marital Status as Determinants of Leadership Styles among Pastoral Leaders

Uzonwanne C. Francis, Nwanzu Lucky. Chiyem

This study assessesthe influence of gender, education and marital status on transformational, transactional, and laissez faire leadership styles among pastoral leaders in churches around the metropolis of Abuja, Nigeria. Design of this study was a cross-sectional survey design and data were collected with The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). One hundred and seventy (99 males; 71 females) pastoral leadersin Abuja, Nigeria selected with incidental random sampling technique, provided the data that were analyzed. Multivarate analysis of variance on the data revealedno significant gender difference in leadership styles, F(4, 165) = 1.574, P> .05), no significant marital status difference in leadership styles, F(8, 328) = 1.373, P> .05, and a significant educational level difference in leadership styles,F(16, 496) = 1.508, P< .05) among pastoral leaders. It was concluded that while education determines pastoral leadersâ€™ leadership style; gender and marital status do not. It is recommended that future research adopt mixed method in data collection.

Cultural Juxtaposition in R.K Naryanâ€™s novel The Guide

Santanu Panda

R K Narayan is one of the celebrated novelists of that era. His novel The Guide won the Sahitya Academy Award. The main objective of the paper is to discuss about the mixing of Indian and western culture. Indian is a country where logic and belief sit side by side. The novel maybe inspired by an incident in Mysore. Here acute drought completely dried up Krishna Raja Sagar. Some religious chanting took place for rain. The novelist combined the enforced sainthood with that incident. The novel has two layer of narrative. The third person narrative starts with Raju when he came out of jail. The first person narrative is Rajuâ€™s recollection of past life to Velan. The novel The Guide has myth and reality blended in the plot. The life of Raju closely follows the concept of Chaturasham. Rosie who is an educated woman still carries some Indian values and Rajuâ€™s mother carries traditional Indian rules. The two place village Mongal And town Malgudi shows two India in a single globe. While Malgudi is a commercial town with money sharks, Mongal is a place where ever a poor pays homage to a spiritual man with blind faith. The novelist juxtaposes both the sides into one pattern to portray real India in his novel.

Flann Oâ€™Brian: The Authorâ€™s Rhetorical Masks: At Swim-Two-Birds and Poor Mouth

Baciu Ana-Maria

Each time the author puts up a mask, he does not hide , he exposes himself, he proffers his utterances and asserts his identity. Dissimulation, multiplication of personality, alienation under rhetorical masks characterise Oâ€™Brienâ€™s most famous works, and these features tell the difference between the nineteenth-century Lives of prominent people, written as examples to be emulated, and the modernist replacement of autobiography with authorial or figural masks. Enfolded selves and their dissolution into quanta of personality towards multiple possibilities are effects of deconstruction of rationalist metaphisics, readers are forced to reconsider their point of view and experience of the story. It is the authorâ€™s approach of â€Spiegel im Spiegelâ€ , reflective of a world from which certainty has fled away never to return. Ahead of his time, his writings chime better with our sensibilities.

Writing, as Mysterious as a Cat: a Critical Evaluation of Poeâ€™s the fall of the House of Usher

Abhik Maiti

Edger Allan Poe occupies a unique place in American Literature. A master of the horror tale and the patron saint of the detective story, Poe, in his supernatural fiction, usually deals with paranoia rooted in personal psychology, physical or mental enfeeblement, obsessions, the damnation of death, feverish fantasies and the cosmos as source of horror and inspiration, without bothering himself explicitly with such supernatural beings as ghosts, werewolves or vampires. The terror infused in his works is not fantastic or â€˜Germanâ€™ but it is realistic and based on true principles of human nature and conduct. J.J. Ingram writes of Poe â€“ â€œHis readers are well aware how clearly Poeâ€™s idiosyncrasies, both in his prose and in his verse, show through the transparent mask behind which his heroes are supposed to be hidden and in the â€˜Narrativeâ€™, it is rarely that the imaginary hero is thought of otherwise than as identical with Poe himself.â€ Like his poems Poeâ€™s tales are notably unequal. The best of his narrative work is to be found in his analytical tales, in certain stories in which he combines his analytical gift with the imaginative sensibility as in The Fall of the House of Ushers. In all of his short stories, he displays a skill of concentration and of construction and shows himself as a master of English style and approaches the eloquence and splendor of De Quincy.

Digital Media Literacy to Higher Students in Indonesia

Lucy Pujasari Supratman, Aep Wahyudin

The easiness of media internet usage has given positive impact to the society. Nevertheless, internet has also held inevitable negative excess. The lack of digital media literacy education shall become requirement to the rises of horribly phenomenon in Indonesia. Noticing to the information technology based university in Bandung City, Telkom University is the only University which applies the Internet Digitalization System on daily academic routinely. Every student has digital personal student account to facilitate academic activities. However, there arenâ€™t much research discussing about Digital Media Literacy to students social media usage. The purpose of this study is to create the awareness on using social media smartly. I used qualitative method with descriptive case study approach. The result was from 160 students that had been taken through purposive sampling (81 students have more than 5 active social media), they didnâ€™t comprehend the use of social media wisely. Since the Collaborative Learning Model of Digital Media Literacy of Digital Media Literacy was applied for one full semester in Communication Management Class to 4 classes of third semester higher students, their mindset about Digital Media Literacy meaning had shifted into the wiser social media users.

Myth and Trivia: The double encoding of the Irish representations in the novel At Swim-Two-Birds

Safta Cristina Elena

I set out from the working hypothesis that Flann Oâ€™Brienâ€™s novel, At Swim-Two-Birds is a satire on contemporary and mythological Ireland. The author seems to have created an epic representation of the Irish myth and inception using the mask of trivia, of encoded messages placed in the storyline of a seemingly ridiculed society. This story within a story uses a literary device, comparable to that of presentational theatre, where the actor does not allow the audience to forget they are watching a play, as Oâ€™Brien himself mentions: â€œa self-evident sham, to which the reader could regulate at will the degree of his credulityâ€ (O'Brien, p. 25). Within this noticeably ironic and contradictory lecture, the tumultuous loss of Irish spirituality is evidenced. The heroic characters praised by Irelandâ€™s legends are included in a contemporary reality show fusing with the after-war decayed society.

Self-Constructive Obsession in Philip Rothâ€™s The Portnoyâ€™s Complaint

Naser Shakarami

Everyone familiar with the Freudian and overall psychoanalytical terminology somehow finds a very close link between the wordsâ€ obsessionâ€ and â€œpsychosisâ€, the words which, in turn become associated with sexuality. Over the years every living organism tries to acquire a means for survival. Most of the times, survival equals the prevalence of the species over its peers. Desires unfortunately or not overshadow everything that coincides with life, economic and political power, respect of peers, siblings, mates and even children largely depends on how well you are doing in your sexual life. In The Portnoyâ€™s Complaint we find the author, Philip Roth, give an unadulterated voice to the suppressed sexuality of a teenager, Portnoy. By taking us methodically and unaffectedly through every stage of his physical and sexual development, Roth manages to capture a picture of human life which, in the showy and affected modern life style which so many of us seem to lead, goes unnoticed. In this study, using mainly the psychoanalytical views of Jacque Lacan, sexuality regardless of its moral issues, is an important factor in shaping the young adultâ€™s personality.

Local Wisdom Based Tourist Village Organization in Lombok Tourist Area

Mohammad Irfan, Any Suryani

Tourist village is an area of countryside which has some special characteristics to become a tourist destination. In this area, the population still has a tradition and culture are relatively pristine. In addition, some supporting factors such as food, agricultural system and the social system became one of coloring a tourist village. The development of cultural tourism area in the hamlet of Sade tour to Lombok is arguably have not well-ordered. This cultural tourism area in terms of governance in pariwisataan support the activities particularly in the management of kampung adat Sade, typical handicraft tourism governance, governance of religious tourism sites the Customs still need more refinement continue. In the first year of the research revealed that this governance concepts strived for styled especially with regard to structuring awig-awig tourist village that is encapsulated in the form of Regulations of the village in the hamlet of Sade tour and tourist village Segenter. With data analysis method with approach of empirically packed can be generated, . Based on the objectives to be achieved in this study i.e., Increase community participation, increase the length of stay of tourists, Cultural Preservation so that found the concept of governance of the village tour Sade that is, organizing Neighborhood Village typical and custom, the Power Support infrastructure and Availability of land, Infrastructure, and human resources Management and the role of Government that can eventually be formulated strategy, a strategy that was used in an attempt to find the format layout Manage Replication: Sade tour hamlet hamlet of Sade, Sade Village Relocation, and Revitalizing the hamlet of Sade.

Enjambment and End-stopping in the Magnum Opus of the Three Renowned poets: Chaucer, Gower, Langland

Amin Rastar

Poetry, being one of the two main categories of literature in general, has recently been subject to subordinate attention in literatures in terms of form, especially the poetic part of medieval epoch. Alongside the structural and semantic aspects of poetry, there still remain some elements of this style not fully investigated and developed. Amongst such we can name end-stopping andenjambment, which are some categorical elements, most of the poets, either intentionally or ignorantly, have administered from the medieval era to the present time. In this paper, the existence of enjambment and end-stopping was investigated in three of most renowned poetic works of Middle-English era, including Chaucerâ€™s Canterbury Tales, Gowerâ€™s Confessio Amantis, Langandâ€™s Piers the Plowman. By comparing the original text of the poems with the translated form of them, it was understood that the existence of end-stopping was more significant and the number of end-stopped lines were more than enjambed ones. It was then concluded that medieval poets, specially these three, used mostly a language simple in structure and easy to understand syntactically, free from the complexity that enjambment brings to the lines.

Watching T.V. and Playing Video Games and their Relation to Children Obesity between the Ages of (6:12)

Dr. Nermeen Singer, P.D. Ehab M. Eid

Obesity of newly born children and adolescents increase all over the world. Although ratios are stable in some contexts, the number of children who suffer overweight and obesity in countries of low and medium income increases, compared with the number in advanced countries of high income. The current study aims to investigate the practices of TV viewing and video games in a sample of children in the age group (6-12) from the point of view of their mothers, also examine the relationship of practices of watching TV and playing video games to increase the rate of childhood obesity. The study sample consisted of (332) mothers of obese children in the age between (6-12) years to know their feedback on the role of TV viewing and playing video games in the incidence of childhood obesity. A questionnaire was designed to collect information from mothers of children about TV viewing and playing video games related to child obesity by interviewing mothers of children. The results of the study showed that the percentage of watching TV and playing video games is 72% and the proportion of non-watching TV and video games is 28%, also we found that the mothers of children with obesity sits a large period of time in front of TV with their children, so the more hours of watching will lead to children obesity, because the viewer is always a negative recipient. It shows that the children aptitude to have increases, with watching T.V. drama and food advertisements and also with video games. Focusing on watching makes them unconscious of what they eat and makes them greedy. The researcher, accordingly sees that it is important to give parents guides about supplying food during watching which has fatal tragic effects.

Crowdsourcing translation under translational eco-environment of Web 2.0

Churan Su

With the appearing of Web 2.0 concept, Internet users begin to learn, work, and jointly create information and culture on an online interactive platform. Translation industry also utilizes this platform, which creates crowdsourcing translation. With the help of this platform, crowdsourcing translation websites emerge and provide every translator with a chance to participate in article or book translation projects. The author of this paper adopts eco-translatology theory to study crowdsourcing translation and puts it under the new translational eco-environment of Web 2.0 to discuss its operation features.

Vocabulary Definition, Text Summary, and Pre-passage Questions as Pre-Reading Comprehension Strategies

Ester V. Limpangog

Reading comprehension problems abound in the second language classroom. Since reading is considered the primary means by which the content in the various discipline areas are learned then, there was an apparent need to find alternative means to improve comprehension and thereby, success in the academe. This study explored the utility of three pre-reading activities, namely; vocabulary definition, text summary, and pre-passage questions in enhancing the reading comprehension of students. The respondents were divided into three groups at random, with each group receiving one particular pre-reading activity. The pre-reading activities were administered prior to the actual reading of the texts to activate their schema or background knowledge. The respondentsâ€™ reading comprehension was then measured using the reading comprehension test designed by John Langan (1986). The research result indicated that there is no significant difference in the reading comprehension of the respondents exposed to the pre-reading activities. This implies that there are other factors that are contributory and are equally important to improving reading comprehension and that the use of pre-reading activities should not be relied in the attainment of the same.

Developing Oral Communication Skills through Collaborative Learning: Implications for Nigerian Teachers

Muhammad Mukhtar Aliyu

Considering the need for effective oral communication skills in academic and professional successes, this paper reviews oral communication skills and collaborative learning. It highlights some benefits of collaborative learning. Specifically, it discusses how to develop studentsâ€™ oral communication skills through collaborative learning. Finally, the paper suggests that empirical studies should be conducted to provide teachers with methods that would allow students to collaborate in the learning process in order develop their oral communication skills. It also gives some pedagogical implications for teachers.

Assessing the effectiveness of Vocational Education and Trainings (VET) in Improving Employability: A Case Study of Skills for Employment Programs in Nepal

Prof. Uma Kant Silwal, Kushmakar Bhatta

Education has tremendous scope as an instrument of socio-economic change. Through education knowledge is imparted and skills, interests, attitudes, aspirations and values are developed which contributes to promote socio-economic status. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of Vocational Education and Training (VET) programs in job creation among youths in Nepal. The problem of this study is to ascertain the potency of VET in poverty reduction through engagement in self or wage employment among youths in Nepal. The area of study comprises of the six semi-urban districts of the country in two different occupations; Mason and Solar PV Technician. Descriptive survey design was employed for the study with a population of 226Vocational Education and Training (VET) graduates. Four research questions were formulated and analyzed using arithmetic mean method. The finding of this study revealed that vocational education and trainings can play a vital role in equipping, building and making our youths self-employed, reliable and employable in an industry or company.The study also found that vocational training programs are effective in contributing socio-economic development and poverty reduction. However, the paper recommends that one of the ways by which government should generate employment and reduce poverty is to focus on a functional, technical and vocational education. Relevancy of the trainings and linkages with employment market is to be increased through market study and revising the existing curriculum.

The Necessity of Reinterpreting Identity in Jan Lowe Shinebourneâ€™s The Last Ship

Abigail Persaud Cheddie

This paper examines how Jan Lowe Shinebourneâ€™s The Last Ship deals with issues of West Indian immigrant identity set in a post-colonial Guyanese society. The essay explores how The Last Ship offers a strong suggestion that the immigrantâ€™s reinterpretation of identity is crucial to his survival and holistic well-being on the â€˜immigrant landscape.â€™ Through the examination of major characters in pairs â€“ Clarice Chung and Susan Leo; Frederick Wong and Mary Leo; and Lorna and Joan Wong, the degree to which the six of them reinterpret their identities and arrive at a sense of ease and fulfilment is evaluated.

Confessional christian schools and education in Brazil

Albeiro Mejia Trujillo, Maria Francisca Ferreira Trujillo

During the Homeric period, the poets were responsible for education, and with the emergence of Socratic philosophy the act of teaching becomes the task of the "friends of wisdom" (philosophers). Several centuries have passed until, in middle age, or Scholastic, the production of knowledge and training of clergy, besides the aristocracy, had become responsibility of the monastic and convent schools directly linked to the Catholic Church. In the 16th century, the social changes triggered transformations of scientific, cultural, political, economic, etc., caused crises in various institutional segments, finished in major reforms as the Protestant and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. The changes that passed European society and the Renaissance spirit of blossoming together with the colonizing process of Spain and Portugal, finished promoting advances in popularization of knowledge. In colonial Brazil, the Society's of Jesus priests (Jesuits) have begun to establish educational institutions and from the mid-18th century come new congregations and Catholic religious orders, and several Protestant denominations that come to weave the confessional education Brazilian lands.

Simple Tenses of the Verb in Kamayo Language

Erwin R. Bucjan

Language is vital in daily basis, it is used to communicate and express ideas and thoughts making each member of the community co-exist harmoniously. Its distinctiveness has significance in social aspects such as the value to access power, influences other people and expresses the identity of a certain ethnic group. In Surigao del Sur, Philippines, Kamayo language has been used by the majority of people living in the mid-eastern part of the province. This is the common language used among the people in daily work, in communication and even in business ventures in the locality. The study aims to analyze the simple tenses of the verb in Kamayo language in the province of Surigao del Sur. The study specifically focuses on identifying the affixes and how these affixes are being used in the simple tenses of the verb in the Kamayo language. This is a qualitative type of research which utilizes a purposive sampling technique and conducted an interview to gather the necessary data in this investigation. It was found in this study that there were 6 affixes used in the tenses of verbs. The six affixes has its own conjugating affixes which is attached as prefix, suffix and circumfix of the Kamayo verb. The affixes cannot be attached anywhere from the root word because it may change its meaning. These conjugating affixes determine the tenses of Kamayo verb whether past, present or future tense. On the other hand, the result clearly implies that language is unique and dynamic. The Kamayo language is being used by the people living in the mid-eastern part of Surigao del Sur.

Consequences of Borrowing Money from Lending Institutions in Relation to Job Performance

Michelle M. Zaragoza, Rose A. ArceÃ±o

There are identified positive consequences in borrowing money. The teachers were able to support their education as well as their family membersâ€™ needs. They maintained their total well-being without being affected by financial problems. Borrowing money solves the day-to-day problems of teachers. As manifested by the teachers, their lifestyle improved in such a way that they surpassed the daily difficulties, not minding the negative consequences like decreased net pay, generated more debt, experienced difficulty in coping with monthly loan payments, and financial instability. Furthermore, it was found out that there is a significant relationship between teacherâ€™s profile and the reasons of borrowing money, a significant relationship between the profile of teachers and the consequences of borrowing money; and a significant relationship between the consequences of borrowing money from lending institutions to the public elementary school teachersâ€™ job performance. The main contribution of the study is to improve the financial literacy by integrating the proposed guidelines in financial decisions. Among these items are set up a budget, getting the budget back on track, get everyone in the family involved, cutting household bills and mortgage, be flexible, paying off loans and credit cards, and set a savings goal.

Hardyâ€™s Sue Bridehead: The concept of New Woman

Dr. Shikha Shukla

when Hardy begins to portray the female figures in Jude the Obscure, he has observed the human nature deeply. He understands their complicated behavior and displays them to the readers without avoiding them as taboo. Sue is a classic type who is described by Hardy with his full heart According to the view of a German critic, Sue is the first female feminist who has been described in novels.

Female Labour Force Participation in India: Recent Trends and Challenges

Jayeeta Saha

Women participation in the labour force has economic and social impact. Women empowerment is necessary for a nation’s development. Women employment is a way through which women empowerment can be achieved. Status of women employment in a country is measured by Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR).FLFPR in India has showed a gradual declining trend over past three decades. The decline in female labour force participation rate (LFPR) in India in the phase of consistent economic growth is a puzzling phenomenon. Sharp fertility decline, expansion in female education, and high economic growth should increase female labour force participation in developing countries. The FLFPR varies considerably across developing countries. In the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, less than one-third of women of working-age participate in work force, while it is around two-thirds in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. This variation is due to various economic and social factors like economic growth, increasing educational attainment, decreasing fertility rates and other social norms. Gender gaps in labour market are more prominent in developing countries, and gap is highest in South Asian countries. Female Labour Force Participation Rate actually depends on initial conditions of any country, economic structure and structural transformation of the economy and gender norms. This paper tries to find out the trend of female labour force participation rate in India over the period 1993 to 2012 and also tries to find out the reasons behind this declining FLFPR.

The Religion of Man: Tagore’s Vision of Universal Humanism in a Divided World

B. K. Mohan Kumar

This paper offers an in-depth scholarly examination of Rabindranath Tagore’s philosophy of universal humanism, exploring how his literary works, educational reforms, and socio-political critiques shape a vision that transcends national, cultural, and religious boundaries. Central to Tagore’s thought is the primacy of human dignity, empathy, and interconnectedness, foundations that resonate through his poetry collection Gitanjali, his approach to holistic education at Santiniketan, and his critique of narrow nationalism. Integrating his philosophical writings with extensive textual analysis and engagement with contemporary scholarship, this essay demonstrates the ongoing relevance of Tagore’s vision for advancing social justice, environmental stewardship, and intercultural dialogue in the modern world.