https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usAugust 3 This paper assess the long term effects of industrial sector investment on the industrial growth performance for the Nigerian economy between the periods of 1981-2013. Econometric models were developed to investigate the extent of relationship between the unexplained and explanatory variables using the Johansen Normalized co-integration technique and Granger Causality Approach. The result indicates a negative but strong significant long run relationship between industrial investment and industrial growth implying that growth in the industrial sector depends on industrial investment in previous periods). The Granger Causality also indicates a case of unidirectional causation for the Nigerian economy, arguing that most developing countries are not likely to be endowed with vibrant manufacturing sectors due to poor human capital development allowing us to state that many developing countries are likely to attract investment due to high industrial GDP that can be attributed largely to exports in primary goods e.g. from agriculture and natural resources, making industrial GDP (INDGDP) responsible for high investment inflow to the industrial sector. From the findings of this study, recommendations were made to promote a friendly investment environment to boost the performance of the industrial sector in order to sustain growth. https://ijels.com/detail/industrial-sector-investment-and-industrial-growth-in-nigeria-a-granger-causality-analysis/ Senibi K.Victoria, Aiyepeku Ayo, Odutola Olayinka, Ndaman Israel, Eseoghene Olaifa, Ogunlusi Temi, Eldad Maju https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1 IJELS-JUN-2017-13-Industrial Sector Investment and Industrial.pdf India is a home to almost 19 % of the World’s children. More than one third of the country’s population is below 18 years. The children are considered as the future productive citizens of the country, therefore it is necessary to make them healthier, educated, protected and well developed child. 40% of India’s children are vulnerable to or have difficulties in living a normal standard life. Juvenile Delinquency is a subject which attracted the attention of the law makers in India for over the last 150 years. The subject is a sign of sick society. Overcrowding in cities increasing number of slums, gambling drinking etc are some of the factors responsible for delinquency rate. Indian society in general though rural in character, cannot escape the impact of urbanization resulting in crime and delinquency .The internal and external environment or the psycho-pathological elements in the individual play an important role in shaping the child’s future. The future of Juveniles is not dark, but needs proper long term perspective and planning. The’ right to life and personal liberty ‘is the most precious right guaranteed under our Indian Constitution. This right is curtailed when a person is sent to institutions but it is necessary to such action from reformation point of view. As Gandhiji said a ‘person cannot be corrected by hate but by love and affection’ especially when it comes to CHILDREN. This paper discusses the children who are in need of care and protection, who if not dealt with will definitely lead to a great social problem in the near future. In spite of several dilemmas of correctional administration this paper tries to reflect the various treatment methods (Institutional and non-institutional) for the juveniles in India. The Correctional Institutions are to be looked upon as hospitals and the children in need of care and protection as the patients, what is needed is just a treatment to make him/her fit for the society. https://ijels.com/detail/institutional-treatment-for-juveniles-in-india-a-critical-analysis/ Dr. Nandini. G. Devarmani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2 IJELS-JUL-2017-9-Institutional Treatment for Juveniles in India.pdf The present study investigated the effects of self-awareness instruction on Iranian pre-university students' English achievement. It was also designed to see whether Iranian pre-university students’ self-awareness was affected by instruction of self-awareness activities or not. To fulfill the objectives of the study, 60 female students from Efaf pre-university school, Ahvaz, Iran, were selected and divided into two groups- one control group and one experimental group. Then a self-awareness questionnaire and a pre-test- Final English Exam of Third Grade High School- were given to both groups. The experimental group received the instruction on self-awareness but control group did not receive it. After the treatment which lasted six weeks, a post-test and the previous self-awareness questionnaire were administered to both groups. The data were analyzed through Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) Test, Independent T-Test and Paired T-Test and the findings showed that instruction of self-awareness had positive impacts on Iranian pre-university students’ English achievement. The results indicated that their self-awareness improved through instruction of self-awareness activities. https://ijels.com/detail/emotional-intelligence-in-high-school-the-effects-of-self-awareness-instruction-on-iranian-pre-university-students-academic-achievement/ Ehsan Namazian Dost, Asadallah Hashemifardnya, Venus Jalali https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3 IJELS-JUL-2017-20-Emotional Intelligence in High School.pdf This is not the debate of today. But language today is playing multiple roles. This is significant to talk now about the words. The structuralist, the formalist and existentialist approaches towards words should be seen. This very article looks at the different attitudes towards words and is based on Sartre’s remarkable book “What is Literature”. https://ijels.com/detail/are-words-signs-or-symbols/ Mubasher Mehdi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4 IJELS-JUL-2017-10-Are words signs or symbols.pdf Eco-feminism is based on the theory that the subjugation of women and the oppression of nature are linked together. Eco-feminism is linked to the study of the internal and intricate relationship between women and ecology. The theory projects that the subjugation of women and the oppression of nature are linked together. Discrimination and oppression due to power class, gender and race are directly related to the exploitation of the environment. In patriarchal societies, women and nature are ordinarily seen as fertile and capable of providing life, care and shelter. This paper highlights how Achebe uses the character of Ani, the earth goddess and Ezeani, the priest of the goddess, to showcase the similarities between women viz - a - viz their importance and nature in terms of fertility and production. It is equally an attempt to do a comparative analysis of the women in Things Fall Apart in line with nature. It x-rays the exploitation of women and environment in the novel. It will also explore the dominant male practices in Things Fall Apart relating to nature and women, how both are seen as innocent, female, productive and vulnerable to exploitation is the crux of the study. https://ijels.com/detail/women-and-ecology-an-eco-feminist-reading-of-chinua-achebe-s-things-fall-apart/ Ifechelobi Jane Nkechi, Asika Ikechukwu Emmanuel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5 IJELS-JUL-2017-15-Women and Ecology An Eco-Feminist.pdf An attempt has been made to assess the poverty status in rural area of Jodhpur district of western Rajasthan. Two villages were randomly selected fall in the radius of 20 km from the Jodhpur city whereas another two villages were selected 60 km far from Jodhpur city with poor infrastructure facility and poor non-farm employment. 30 respondents were randomly selected from each selected village.A total of 120 respondents were selected from four village for the study. Simple tabulation method was used. For determining the poverty status, income method was used. From the study, it is revealed that agriculture, livestock, non-farm-labor activities are the main factor for poverty assessment. Size of land holding is a crucial factor. Marginal and small land holding couple with low income, are the main reason for poverty. The percentage of earners in the family size groups and percentage of dependents is inversely proportionate. https://ijels.com/detail/poverty-assessment-in-rural-area-of-jodhpur-district-in-western-arid-region-of-rajasthan/ Satya Prakash Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6 IJELS-JUL-2017-16-Poverty Assessment in Rural Area of Jodhpur.pdf Music is the centre piece of life which gives human life a meaning and makes his existence worth its value. It determines man’s interactional achievements and all that becomes of it and characterize the pattern of life and the extent of development in any society. This articles titled “An assessment of the causes of low performance in Music in J.S.S in Enugu State: A focus on Nsukka Local Government Area” discovered from the data presented that the students’ are not interested in studying music, there is acute shortage of music teachers and musical instruments. Others include low level of government’s financial support and non-availability of qualified music teachers in the area. The study adopted the empirical and historical methodologies before arriving at these results. Five (5) secondary schools within the local government were studied, two (200) hundred questionnaires were distributed and a total of one (150) hundred fifty returned and analyzed using frequency distribution tables and percentages. Results were presented and the qualities of a good and effective music teacher presented. https://ijels.com/detail/an-assessment-of-the-causes-of-low-performance-in-music-in-junior-secondary-schools-in-enugu-state-a-focus-on-nsukka-local-government-area/ Dr Sunday N. Nnamani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7 IJELS-JUL-2017-14-An Assessment of the Causes of Low Performance.pdf The research paper studies the representation of Sultan Bajazet II in Thomas Goffe‘s The Raging Turk, or, Bayazeth the Second (1618). The play represents a series of plots involving intrigues and treacheries between the ambitious Bajazet II, his three sons, Bashas and generals. The theme of slaying clans in Turkish dynastic disputes is a significant motivation for the dramatists to make the Turk prevalent in shows in early modern times. Elizabethan depiction of the Ottoman sultan is as a merciless killer of his family members in revenge tragedies or history plays set in empires. The death or deposition of a sultan bringsconstantlya period of disorder and catastrophe in the Ottoman Empire. The furiousBajazet, however, satisfies Goffe's aesthetic and personal notions about the Ottoman clan killings. The Elizabethan audience prefers to see the defeated and condemned Turk plays. https://ijels.com/detail/the-ottoman-familicide-in-goffe-s-bajazet-the-second-1618/ Fahd Mohammed Taleb Al-Olaqi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8 IJELS-JUL-2017-18-The Ottoman Familicide in Goffe s Bajazet.pdf Since the existence of human beings, people have begun to change their surroundings and the shape of environment according to their life habits. This altering effort, which is embarked to provide better life conditions, has resulted in devastation of environment and other creatures. In the beginning the subject was only the environmental pollution of the cities, especially after the industrial revolution the demand for raw materials and the energy hunger, as a result of processing massive amounts of underground and surface resources that result of massive and global environmental pollution that has moved to such a crucial point that it has not reached that day. Nowadays, the significant part of the environmental pollution is still emerging during the efforts of the society to obtain energy, despite developing technology, efficient tools and increasing environmental awareness. In this study, the reduction of environmental pollution during the efforts of our society to obtain energy should be placed in the conclusions in terms of importance and role for preferred energy resources. https://ijels.com/detail/the-importance-of-energy-sources-in-the-prevention-of-environmental-pollution/ Mustafa Caner TÄ°MUR, Zehra DOÄžAN-ÇALIÅžKAN https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9 IJELS-JUL-2017-17-The Importance of Energy Sources.pdf With the advancement of information and communication technology under the digital world, the limitations of the teaching mode of traditional literature retrieval course become increasingly apparent. In particular, the rise of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) impacts on the traditional literature retrieval course teaching, not only forces the course teaching reform, but also provides the means and methods of reform. Transformation of teaching concept of the literature retrieval course is based on the MOOCs literature retrieval course. The evaluation mechanism, which is the possible ways for the teaching reform of literature retrieval course, based on the formation of flipping the classroom lecture mode of the teachers and students’ mutual evaluation. https://ijels.com/detail/the-teaching-reform-of-literature-retrieval-course-based-on-moocs/ Jingjing Xia https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10 IJELS-JUL-2017-8-The teaching reform of literature.pdf As a dystopic satire, both Margret Atwood's novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, and Lutfiyya Al-Duliami's The Ladies of Zuhal (Saturn) portray the present evils in the hope of bringing about social and political change. The former's cautionary tale portrays the physical and psychological oppression of women for the sake of male genes in a state called Gilead. Gilead is a theocratic dictatorship based on Puritanical fundamentalism, rigidly orders every aspect of the daily life of all but those in the most privileged positions. The Handmaid’s Tale is Atwood’s creation of an imagined society in which women under a futuristic totalitarian regime reduces its female subjects to mere voiceless, childbearing vessels. Recounted by a female narrator, Offred, the story focuses on the handmaids. These women are selected by the state for their potential ability to bear children at a time when infertility is high and live births have reached dangerously low levels. Though the woman’s biological function is privileged, she becomes marginalized as an individual – as the prime aim is to find healthy, fertile women who can produce children for those ruling class of men in position of power and influence. The latter is a female's epic portraying the sufferings of Hayyat Al-Babili who set down everything. The tale also depicts the other heroines' sufferings beginning with Hayyat's mother, Rawiyya, Fitnah, Manaar, Amaal, Zinah, Samia, Haalah, Shurouq, Luma, Helin, and ending with Briska Bernard,and other women who appear and disappear throughout this long heroic text such as Nahidah, Sahirah, and Siham. This novel clearly depicts the tragedies of the Iraqis in general, and women in particular. It is an epic revealing the roots of the ruin in man's life; meantime, it aims at collecting the splinter groups so as to to rebuild man with love and to retrieve the situation of the writer's dream as a real Iraqi woman. Sayidat Zuhal is the story of all, all the history of those who are killers and victims, lovers, dreamers, and visionaries. However, in The Ladies of Zuhal, the role of the men is not minor although the female race is dominating. Her miserable and catastrophic life is similar to her husband's, Hazim, who encountered castration from the Saddam's security guards. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-woman-s-sufferings-in-margaret-atwood-s-the-handmaid-s-tale-and-lutfiyya-al-duliami-s-ladies-of-zuhal-saturn/ Ali Madhlum Hussein https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11 IJELS-JUL-2017-22-A Study of Woman’s sufferings in.pdf This study utilized the descriptive survey method of research which tried to assess the shipboard training profile and performance of maritime cadets of Palompon Institute of Technology, Palompon, Leyte as inputs to improve the maritime education program of the Institute. The subjects were the deck and engine cadets who completed their 3-year curricular academic requirements who were qualified to take their 1-year shipboard apprenticeship on board Dutch ships from 2014-2015. The main instrument used in this study was the standardized survey questionnaire taken from the International Shipping Federation (ISF) logbook contained in the Quality Management System Manual of PIT College of Maritime Education (COMEd) which was approved and accepted by the Det Norske Veritas (DNV), an international consulting firm and Commission on Higher Education ( CHED). Findings showed that the cadets were above average when it came to their personal qualities and their professional knowledge and skills. Most of them were assigned in a general cargo including Ro-ro (roll on- roll off) and big lift. Moreover, both deck and engine cadets were only average when it came to their task performance at the operational level. When each of the profile indicators of the cadets was related to their task performance, only the personal qualities and professional knowledge and skills revealed a significant relationship to their task performance. Likewise, the safety of onboard practices of the engine cadets in terms of marine engineering and controlling the operation of the ship and care for persons on board was significantly related to the profile in terms of personal qualities and professional knowledge and skills so as their task performance. Thus, it is recommended that the apprenticeship program should be treated seriously and with sincerity, since this is the only form of a training program that the school can offer that will help them enhance their knowledge and skills thereby making them more effective and productive seafarers. It is also recommended to adopt the training model and identify its loopholes to pave the way for further improvements. https://ijels.com/detail/structured-shipboard-training-program-and-performance-of-maritime-cadets/ Gilbert S. Sevilla, Rose A. Arceno https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12 IJELS-JUL-2017-23-Structured Shipboard Training Program.pdf Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899-1961) is one of the many American writers who lived during the World War-I and was highly affected by it. He wrote a number of well-known war novels and the most famous of them is his war novel A Farewell to Arms (1929). Hemingway has adopted an ironic method to show the contrast between the ideal and the real of the world of war and its influence upon both the military and the civil people as well. Irony as used in this study involves the recognition of incongruities, the contrast between the appearance and reality. The role of irony in his fiction is to elucidate this attitude which affects his vision of the modern world and its horrible war. By analyzing the method of irony in A Farewell to Arms, this study aims at showing the writer's ironic point of view in treating the negative effects of the war and its atmosphere both physically and psychologically. https://ijels.com/detail/ernest-hemingway-s-a-farewell-to-arms-a-critical-study-of-war-and-its-negative-impact-from-an-ironic-perspective/ Muhammad Dera Farhan Al-Fahdawi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13 IJELS-JUL-2017-30-Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms.pdf This study aimed to identify the on-going reality and importance of the managers’ practices in the educational supervision for the evaluation process. It also aimed at finding a relationship between the managers’ practices in the educational supervision divisions for the use of the evaluation process and the importance of that practice. It also aims to detect differences between the views of the study sample about the reality and importance of the managers’ practices in the educational supervision divisions for the use of the evaluation process attributed to variables: job, scientific qualification, practical experience in the field of educational supervision, the size of the educational Department, and the proposals of the members of the study sample to improve and develop the practice of managers of the educational supervision towards evaluation process in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was descriptive and the sample was 516 responded by (71%). A questionnaire that included (20) statements was constructed and validated by a group of arbitrators. The correlation coefficient for the ongoing practice was 93%, the correlation coefficient of the importance of practice was 95%; and both were in terms of statistical value of 0.001. It was found that the ongoing reality of the managers’ practices for evaluation process at the departments of Education was moderate. But, for the importance of these practices, it was more important. The study has many recommendations and suggestions that may help in the improvement and development of the practices of the managers toward the evaluation process. https://ijels.com/detail/evaluation-of-managers-practices-at-the-divisions-of-supervision-in-the-departments-of-education-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia/ Dr. Mansour Ghazi Al Muhammadi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14 IJELS-JUL-2017-24-Evaluation of Managers’ Practices at the.pdf The present study aims to reveal the effectiveness of using P.O.S.S.E Strategy in improving reading comprehension for the second grade university students in Iraq. To achieve this aim, the researcher conducted an action research. The total number of the participants is 69 (Male and Female Students). An observation checklist, Pre-post tests were used to collect the quantitative and qualitative data of the study. The results showed that there was positive statistical significance difference on the students' scores on the post-test due to the treatment. Also, there was an observed improvement on students' reading comprehension. https://ijels.com/detail/the-effectiveness-of-p-o-s-s-e-strategy-on-improving-reading-comprehension-of-the-efl-university-students/ Ali Sabah Jameel https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15 IJELS-JUL-2017-27-The Effectiveness of P.O.S.S.E Strategy.pdf This paper raises the questions whether good readers are good writers. Regarding the importance of reading and writing as basic literacy skills, a lot of research has been carried out in order to make learning these skills easy and successful. Being able to use English in a globalized world can not only enable users of English to compete locally or nationally, but also to seek better opportunities within the international community. Although research has recognized the need for developing effective reading and writing skills, researchers affirm that language learners, especially ESL and EFL,still face different difficulties in reading or writing.Hence, this study investigates the relation between reading and writing among high school EFL learners in Morocco. A correlation test has been used to compare the performance of high school students in both the reading and writing tests. The results of this comparison are used to test the research hypothesis, which hypothesizes that there is no significant difference between the participants reading and wring abilities. The findings of this study support other studies which highlight the strong link between the learners’ abilities to write and read in English. The results strongly suggest that reading and writing be integrated in Moroccan classes (both in the teaching and learning process; at the level of classroom activities and tasks, textbooks, syllabus, testing, and training). Future research, based on the limitations of the current study and on the gaps in literature, should be directed towards a deep analysis of the interactive nature between reading and writing so as to put forward practical tips for successful integrative language teaching and learning. https://ijels.com/detail/are-good-readers-good-writers/ Lahcen Belmekki https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16 IJELS-AUG-2017-4-Are Good Readers Good Writers.pdf Bessie Head’s A Question of Power is one of the great African literary pieces that deals with insanity. As a reader, I found it challenging to cope with the traumatic situations encountered by Elizabeth, the central character of this novel. She struggles with her two inner beings; Sello and Dan. Both of them represent either God or Satan or vice versa. To escape the violence of apartheid, Elizabeth leaves South Africa and immigrates to Motabeng, a village in Botswana. Elizabeth, like Bessie Head apparently leads her life alienated from the society. In South Africa, She experiences inhumanity, poverty, and mental torture as she has no truly pure identity. In apartheid period, intercourse between a white and a black person was illegal. Elizabeth’s mother was white and her father was black and she is neither white nor black. In Botswana, she was an outcast in the society again because she was unfamiliar with language and culture of Botswana. So, Elizabeth’s isolation from the entire world, her poverty and the extreme violence of Sello and Dan eventually force her to suffer mental illness. Though on a superficial level, it seems that Elizabeth’s insanity gives her nothing except mental and physical trauma; her illness brings freedom and peace for her at the end of the novel. So this paper will analyze the impact of the state of insanity to prove that Elizabeth’s mental illness strengthens her power to understand social and political issues which ultimately leads to the reconciliation of her body and soul in A Question of Power by Bessie Head. https://ijels.com/detail/mental-illness-the-healing-power-in-bessie-head-s-a-question-of-power/ Abdul Wahab https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17 IJELS-AUG-2017-2-Mental Illness The Healing Power in Bessie.pdf The enclosure of the Atlantic Commons has included the most basic human needs of survival from land and water to seeds and genomes—all in the name of capital profit. In this essay, I explore how our contemporary leaders have lost the sagacity of our US Constitutional Founders who knew that civic duty and public virtue were necessary requisites to liberty and democracy. I argue that Founding Father Benjamin Franklin proposed a moral and ethical obligation to the protection of the commons, its resources, its knowledge, its culture, and its ideas. In all of Franklin’s ventures, we see models of self-sustainable reciprocity of capital and virtue, which enables all people to share in the wealth of its resources. https://ijels.com/detail/atlantic-mariner-benjamin-franklin-advocate-for-the-protection-of-the-commons/ Mary Louisa Cappelli https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18 IJELS-AUG-2017-3-Atlantic Mariner Benjamin Franklin.pdf This paper presents the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a potential decision making method for use in project manage¬ment. The agricultural project contractor choosing problem is used as research object. A hierarchical structure is constructed for the prequalification criteria and the agricultural project contractor wishing to prequalify for a project. By applying the AHP, the prequalification criteria can be prioritized and a descending-order list of contractors can be made in order to select the best agricultural project contractor to perform the project. The paper presents group decision-making using the AHP. The AHP implementation steps will be simplified by using the 'Expert Choice' that is available commercially and designed for implementing AHP. It is hoped that this will encourage the application of the AHP by project management professionals. https://ijels.com/detail/application-of-the-ahp-in-choosing-project-manager/ Myagmarsuren Damdinsuren, Batkhishig Ishdamba https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19 IJELS-AUG-2017-1-Application of the AHP in Choosing.pdf Use of media, especially television, is an important point in the history of important events and recent wars. This type of media coverage of events and wars transfers the audience to the heart of the event and has a direct impact on public opinion internationally. For example, much criticism has been directed at the American media regarding coverage of the Israeli aggression on Gaza. Many demonstrations against the two largest networks in the United States, CNN and FOXNEWS, have also taken place in New York City to protest against the biased media coverage of the Palestinians and the Israeli aggression against Gaza.This paper contains various news frameworks used in media coverage of events and its result and impact on different audiences. In conclusion, the study addressing the mentioned conflict declared that the coverage was biased and non- objective, relying heavily on Israeli sources in comparison to Palestinian sources. https://ijels.com/detail/framing-of-media-coverage-of-the-palestinian-israeli-conflict-in-cnn-and-foxnews/ Suzan Alkalliny https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20 IJELS-AUG-2017-6-Framing of media coverage of the Palestinian.pdf This research explores the concept of power in Suzzane Colllins’ work The Hunger Games novel which focuses on the characteristic of power. It is conducted by using a qualitative method. The data were taken from this novel as the source data. The research question “How is the power in Suzzane Collins’ The Hunger Games” is aimed to identify the kinds of characteristics of power and to analyze the meaning of each power characteristic found in Suzzane Collins’ novel. There were four steps of collecting data namely; identification, exploration, description, and explanation. The analyzing data was as follow; organize-elaborate-synthesize-analysis. Furthermore, this research is analyzed by using Marxist criticism as an approach to seek how is the concept of power categorized based on Karlberg’ theory of the characteristic of power namely; the power as domination and power as capacity. As the result, this research found out that Marx’s perspective through the concept of power is power capacity is caused by power domination. Additionally, Marx’s views about power domination, it does not only occur between upper and lower class but it also occurs among the lower class. https://ijels.com/detail/the-concept-of-power-in-suzzane-collins-the-hunger-games/ Ismail Tahir https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21 IJELS-AUG-2017-13-The Concept of Power in Suzzane.pdf Stressors have a major influence upon mood, our sense of well-being, behavior, and health. Acute stress responses in young, healthy individuals may be adaptive and typically do not impose a health burden. This study aims to determine the psycho – social behavior of selected psychotic cases in ward 24 of the Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center. The contributory factors that led to the illness of the patients, the psycho-social behavior of the psychotic patients in terms of: attitude toward medication, socialization, counseling, athletics, personnel, and life in the hospital, the feelings of the mental patients, the problem of the mental patients, their manifestation of stress, the coping mechanisms and aspirations or future plans of the patients were given emphasis. Qualitative research through case study approach was utilized. Ten respondents were used as sample. Survey questionnaires, interviews, observations and focus group discussion were the instruments used. Results showed that contributory factors that led to the illness and admission of the patients to the hospital are disorganized behavioral, ineffectiveness, suicidal acts, loss of health and violent outburst. As to the attitudes of the patients, they agree on some factors of medication, socialization, counseling, and athletics. https://ijels.com/detail/psycho-social-behavior-of-selected-psychotic-cases-in-ward-24-of-the-armed-forces-of-the-philippines-medical-center/ Bernardo Asperin Zabala JR https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22 IJELS-AUG-2017-8-Psycho-social Behavior of Selected.pdf Evidence from a number of studies suggest that teachers are not very effective when they address or deal with cases of bullying in schools, unaware, unwilling to stop bullying, and do not effectively respond to bullying. It is a responsibility of a teacher to deal with any bullying case in school, hence, it is not fair to judge or perceive a teacher as less effective or less efficacious because the development of teachers’ self-efficacy in this matter could be influenced by some variables that serve as sources of efficacy among teachers.The purposes of this study were to determine the level of teachers’ self-efficacy (behavioural, cognitive, emotional) in dealing with bullying among students in rural primary school and to determine the sources of influence (mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, physiological arousal) that are significant predictors for each subscale of teachers’ self-efficacy (behavioural, cognitive, emotional) in dealing with bullying among students in rural primary school.There were 992 in-service rural primary school teachers in Sarawak involved in this study. The overall mean scores for level of teacher self-efficacy (Behavioural, Cognitive, and Emotional) in handling school bullying in rural primary schools in this studywas at moderate level.Based on the findings of this study, Verbal Persuasion and Physiological Arousal had significantly predicted Behavioral Self-efficacy, Cognitive Self-efficacy and Emotional Self-efficacy in handling bullying school bullying. https://ijels.com/detail/primary-school-teacher-s-self-efficacy-in-handling-school-bullying-a-case-study/ Nik Adzrieman Bin Abdul Rahman, Lee Jun Choi, Arumugam a/l Raman, Mohan a/l Rathakrishnan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23 IJELS-AUG-2017-15-Primary School Teacher’s Self-Efficacy.pdf Kurt Vonnegut is an integral part of the postmodernist literary movement and a master of satire, gallows humor, and science fiction. The uniqueness of Vonnegut's works is that in addition to having excellent themes, the novels are also technically accomplished and colorful. Vonnegut refuses to confine himself to a single form of fiction, which is something that is certainly clear from a review of his books. In reality, modal diversity is demonstrated in each of his works. Vonnegut, a man of profound vision, tries to experiment with brilliant techniques in his novels, including science fiction, comic science fiction, black humor, dark humor, morbid humor, gallows humor, meta-fiction, satire, political satire, postmodernism, dark comedy, war novels, absurdist fiction, modes of absurdity, and semi-autobiographical writing. In his works, he deftly weaves these strategies around his theme. He draws attention to the numerous social defects, the atrocities of war, and the sorrows of modern man. He imagines a society free of societal ills, where people are not enslaved by technology. This essay aims to analyze the literary devices used by Vonnegut in his works. https://ijels.com/detail/postmodernist-literary-movement-a-comprehensive-study-of-technique-in-vonnegut-s-novels/ Uzma Shafi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24 IJELS-AUG-2017-57-Postmodernist.pdf The advancement of a nation depends on gender equality. Women's successful involvement in politics may lead to gender equality. Women's status in society is uplifted when they participate actively in politics. It is also essential to a country's growth since it is only possible for real development to occur when men and women participate equally in positions of leadership. The truth is that women still lag significantly behind men in terms of global political participation, even though they make up 50% of the global population. In India women’s participation as voters and campaigners has increased gradually but women are still under-represented in legislative bodies both at the national and state level and in political parties. Greater participation of women in decision-making positions in political parties and in government is a precondition for getting full support from women and for proper utilisation of women power. So we need to address the problem of low participation of women in leadership position in politics. In this regard, it is important to examine the actual status of women in political leadership position in India and challenges that women face in the political sphere. https://ijels.com/detail/women-political-leadership-in-india-status-and-challenges/ Jayeeta Saha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25 IJELS-JUL-2017-65-Women.pdf