https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usApril 3 Technological determinism is the belief that technology is the principal initiator of the society’s transformation. The emergence of this theory is usually attributed to the American sociologist Thorstein Veblen, who formulated the causal link between the technology and the society. According to the supporters of technological determinism, any social changes are controlled by the technology, technological development, communications technology and media. The modern information society arises as a result of the development of innovations, new technologies and their social and political implications. Since the establishment of this direction in the early 20th century, two different branches separated: radical and moderate (hard, soft) technological determinism. According to the radical version, the technologies represent a prerequisite for changing the society, the second branch regards the technology only as a key factor that may or may not mean a change. Today, we can quite confidently say that the Internet and the nature of new media is fundamentally changing the structure of the society. The expansion of computers, networks and the Internet has radically changed many aspects of not only human communication, but also the entire society’s life. The rising popularity of new media has changed the nature and the way our society and the individuals act – the way we do the shopping, recruit staff, pay taxes, use the library, gain academic degrees and educate ourselves.Through a philosophical analysis, the text examines the nature of contemporary technological determinism, the features of new media and the method they use to affect the creation and distribution of information and knowledge in the education process. https://ijels.com/detail/technological-determinism-and-new-media/ Prof. Thomas Hauer https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1 IJELS-MAR-2017-8-Technological determinism and new media.pdf Sylvia Plath is an American Poet who has evolutionary ideas. Her poetry contains bulk of intense images and her ambiguous language conveys variety of ideas. Plath is considered a confessional poet but it will be underestimation of her work to confine her within a particular frame of reference. She has written about many issues in which gender role is also included. Masculinity in her poetry, has nothing to do with sex (males). Masculinity refers to gender roles; the role that is set by society that how males and females have to move in society in order to be recognized. Plath’s battle is not with male (sex) her basic conflict starts with masculinity (gender role) and in her poetry, I have found ambivalent attitude of Plath, for masculinity. She loves male authority but at the same time, has strong hatred for their dominance. Her poems; “A Secret” and “Full Fathom Five” are potent example of Plath’s ambivalence for masculinity. In both poems, she admires males, but in very next line/stanza, goes against her own view. The riddle cannot be solved even after her death. https://ijels.com/detail/plath-s-ambivalence-to-masculinity-an-evaluation-of-her-three-poems/ Noshaba Kanwal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2 IJELS-MAR-2017-9-Plath Ambivalence to Masculinity.pdf The private and the opposition-controlled media have most often been taxed by Black African governments with being adepts of adversarial journalism. This accusation has been predicated on the observation that the private media have, these last decades, tended to dogmatically interpret their watchdog role as being an enemy of government. Their adversarial inclination has made them to “intuitively” suspect government and to view government policies as schemes that are hardly – nay never – designed in good faith. Based on empirical understandings, observations and secondary sources, this paper argues that the same accusation may be made against most Black African governments which have overly converted the state-owned media to their public relation tools and as well as an arsenal to lambaste their political opponents at the least opportunity. Using Nigeria and Cameroon as case study, this paper examines the facets and implications of adversarial journalism by the state-owned media. It argues that this adversarial culture has mainly involved the governments of both countries utilizing the state-owned media outlets as their respective mouthpieces and as hunting dogs against any internal and external oppositional voice. The prevalence of such an adversarial culture in these state-owned media has obviously affected their potential to effectively serve as watchdogs; thereby making state-owned media to lose their credibility in the eyes of the general public and international observers. https://ijels.com/detail/watchdogging-versus-adversarial-journalism-by-state-owned-media-the-nigerian-and-cameroonian-experience/ Endong Floribert Patrick C. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3 IJELS-MAR-2017-10-Watchdogging Versus Adversarial Journalism by State-Owned Media.pdf The theory of aesthetic and beauty is very old. It includes taste and principles of pleasure and displeasure as well. But it is tied with the theory of arts and nature and function of art also. The beauty or appreciation of beauty, the aesthetic and its concept, is also related to the age old precepts of subjectivity and objectivity also. In even ugliness, can we see the elements of beauty? Basically beauty is pattern or structure. In most ugly creatures like lizards and cockroaches, we can trace the beauty, regarding the theory, that, pattern is in essence, the beauty. If structure and pattern is beauty, then how the sublimity is achieved, which directs the pleasure principle in watching a pattern? So, it becomes well established that an object of beauty must create attraction and appeal to the senses. Here, it could be easily discerned, that there are certain things, which are beautiful and others not beautiful. Definitely, this leads to a broader and generalized concept of beauty, which enlarges it to a theory of aesthetic, which is appreciation of beauty, and includes the effects of beauty, pertaining to pleasure or displeasure. The theory of aesthetic also includes the analysis of arts as well. As every art has an effect on senses, which lies in the paradigm of cognition and intuition, and romance in the broader sense of “Romantic”. The term “Romantic” could be well said at least about the nature of one sublime art, the poetry; whose romantic aspects create a deep impact on minds of the people. From the Romantic here is meant the poetry like of Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley and Coleridge. In other genres of literature, we can say, the novels of Hugo, as Romantic. The aesthetic and aesthetes have been attracting the people throughout the history. In defining the aesthetic, there is the interplay of taste as well. This taste phenomenon has multiple aspects. It could be from developing the inventions, to the development of culture, and recently the development of highly precision oriented weapons, though which is the more matter of business, but also a form of taste also. The “aesthetic” is also conjoined with the concept, that how it develops or grow. By this is meant that whether in a free state, it flourishes; whereby questioning individual liberty, in the ancient or modern sense, and also along with it, this becomes imperative to the modern state structure, human rights, and havoc brought by war. In this era these questions are fundamental to the appreciation of aesthetic. https://ijels.com/detail/kant-on-aesthetic-of-the-beautiful/ Mubasher Mehdi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4 IJELS-MAR-2017-11-Kant on Aesthetic of the Beautiful.pdf The problemsof herdsmen and rural farmers’ conflict took critical dimensions in recent times suggestive of the vulnerability of the farmers as the conflicts persisted and decanted into palpable security threats in some parts of Nigeria. This paper explores the linkages between herdsmen and rural farmers’ conflict and in particular, provides some useful insights on the vulnerability of the farmers and need for policy response on agricultural resilience. The study builds on the human security framework and relevant secondary data to review two case scenarios in the Middle Belt and Eastern Nigeria. The case analyses which are most recent and incendiary reveal that these conflicts have divergent implications that may contribute to fatal outcomes including decline in rural agricultural practices , food shortage and loss of human lives. The paper suggests that agricultural resilience strategies are critical to mitigate the conflicts. It made some policy recommendations. https://ijels.com/detail/security-vulnerability-and-agricultural-resilience-experience-from-herdsmen-and-rural-farmers-conflict-in-nigeria/ Luke Amadi, George Anokwuru https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5 IJELS-MAR-2017-12-Security, Vulnerability and Agricultural Resilience.pdf In the year 2007, the Government of Karnataka implemented the English as a second language from the first standard in Non-English Medium schools. My intention here is to draw upon my ethnographic fieldwork to make observations on what is happening inside the classrooms and to evaluate whether the teachers follow the procedure as stated in the resource books or not. So, in the first phase of my survey during 2008-09, I observed 47 classes and in the next academic year 2009-10 which was carried out as part of the second phase of my fieldwork. Here, I visited the same 47 schools. The following analysis has been done on the basis of my ethnographic experience, notes and videotaped materials. https://ijels.com/detail/classroom-practices-of-elt-with-reference-to-karnataka/ Dr. Sharanappagouda L Patil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6 IJELS-MAR-2017-24-Classroom.pdf