https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usFebruary 3 South China Sea has become an area where power politics continue to play out in each passing day. Though, there have not been the use of force by any claimant, the intense nature of the dispute is exacerbated by the power politics between China and United States. The dispute is between six states — China, Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines and Taiwan, with China and Taiwan the only non- Association of South East Asian (ASEAN) members. The dispute and the power politics are not unconnected with the strategic, economic and political significance of the sea to not only the claimants but non-claimants like United States. At the centre of the dispute is China with its nine-dash line claims which encompass all the islands — the Spratlys, the Paracels, the Pratas and the Macclesfield Bank. As a regional grouping with committed responsibilities, this paper interrogates ASEAN’s role in the dispute and argues that there is a large divide that affects the potency and masculinity of ASEAN to act; a divide that is caused by intra-ASEAN disjoint and incursion of United States. China is at the centre of the causes of the divide. Sufficiently relying on the existing related literatures (secondary sources) for proper analysis with empirical data in form of tables, the paper recommends that ASEAN needs to recalibrate and reinvent itself by forging a common bond against China after reconciling their overlapping claims, reconstructing the provisions of, and strengthening the enforcements of Declaration of Conduct of Parties (DOC), ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and East Asia Summit (EAS). https://ijels.com/detail/from-collectivity-to-separativity-capturing-asean-divide-in-south-china-sea/ Ebonine Victor https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1 IJELS-NOV-2016-15-From collectivity to Separativity Capturing ASEAN Divide in South China Sea.pdf The paper emphasized on examining the role of international actors in resolving the Somalia conflict and the peace processes since 1991. The paper employed qualitative research approach. It used secondary source of data such as books, journal articles, and conference papers. There was an exhaustive civil war in Somalia since 1991. There were several reasons for the raising of the conflict. Still, Somalia is politically instable country. Consequently, the international actors involved to settle the conflict. The United Nations, African Union, Inter-Governmental Authority on Development, United States of America, and Ethiopia tried to resolve the conflict and establish stable Somalia state. There were different peace agreements to settle the conflict. However, the peace agreement did not achieve the expected goals. Now a day, Somalia has its own central government but the government is not strong enough to administer the territory effectively. As a result, the security problems of Horn of Africa are arising from Somalia. https://ijels.com/detail/the-role-of-international-actors-in-resolving-somalia-conflict-and-the-peace-agreements-since-1991/ Edemealem Mekuriyaw https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2 The Role of International Actors in Resolving.pdf New Historicists and their British counterparts, cultural materialists, viewed classical texts from Renaissance and romanticism in less favourable terms. In so doing, they highlighted the view that great works of literature, Shakespeare’s plays for instance, advocated dominant discourses of power and sustained existing political systems of their period. This paper, therefore, explores not so much the theory of New Historicism and British Cultural Materialism, but uses the assumptions of these two literary movements in favour of the view that Shakespeare’s plays were instruments for the promotion of European culture, particularly its colonial aims at the start of empire building age. The interest of this paper is to trace through reproductions of The Tempest the contours of the dialogue between Shakespeare and the colonial question, arguing that the Shakespearean theatre whatever its ideological complexities is not somehow above the historical and political conditions of its production. https://ijels.com/detail/une-tempete-politicizing-the-tempest-cesaire-rewrites-shakespeare/ Lotfi Salhi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3 Une Tempete Politicizing the Tempest Cesaire Rewrites Shakespeare.pdf The article makes a detailed and comprehensive analysis of Chinese four-character phrases in its definition, classifications, structures, characteristics and functions. Then, it makes an analysis of the reason for the difficulties in translating Chinese four-character phrases, namely the difference of the mode of thinking between Chinese people and Westerners. As for the strategies of translating four-character phrases, this article introduces literal translation, free translation, combination of literal translation and free translation, borrowing and annotation. These strategies can be used as a reference for the practical translation of four-character phrases. https://ijels.com/detail/on-strategies-for-translating-chinese-four-character-expressions-into-english/ Chuanmao Tian https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4 On Strategies for Translating Chinese.pdf Memory can be classified in different ways. In 1980, William James described two types of memory: primary and secondary. Primary memory refers to the “memory for events that have just happened” (Andrade & May, 2004, p. 59). Primary memory which is now referred to as short term memory (STM) is temporary and transient. On the other hand, secondary memory refers to the “memory that happened some time ago” (ibid.) secondary memory is permanent and long-lasting and it is now referred to as long-term memory (LTM) (Andrade & May, 2004). https://ijels.com/detail/short-term-memory-vs-working-memory/ Mahshad Tasnimi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5 Short Term Memory vs. Working Memory.pdf Gothic literature is known for its conflicts and tensions, one of the sources of which is the human psyche. Interpersonal relationships are also sources of conflict in the Gothic mode. Both these are exemplified by the literary motif of the Gothic double, be it in the form of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde or Frankenstein and his monster. The gothic double is either a splitting of the self, or the mirroring of oneself in actions and personality as seen in some other individual. Through such doubles, gothic explores the anxiety about boundaries, whether they are moral, social, or psychological. The Robber Bride (1993), a neo-Victorian Gothic novel by Margaret Atwood reworks the conventions of Gothic to explore the psyche of its female characters through the idea of doubles. The paper seeks to examine the psychology of the double, while also understanding its socio-cultural significance. Gothic features like the transgression of boundaries, the interrelationship between the past and present, the uncanny, haunting, and so on will be studied in the context of Gothic doubling. Concepts of psychoanalysis and abnormal psychology will be used for the same. The paper will also attempt to explore the relevance of gender and gothic narrative to doubling and duality. The significance of the mirror motif to the Gothic double will also be examined with respect to the characters. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-gothic-doubles-in-the-select-work-of-margaret-atwood/ Uzma Shafi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6A Study of Gothic Doubles in the Select work of Margaret Atwood.pdf