https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usJune 12 Interpreting the theoretical origins and contemporary value of Xi Jinping's Thought on Diplomacy from the perspective of "macro-history" helps to deeply grasp its formative logic and historical context. This thought emerged at the intersection of global trends and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, rooted in China's fine traditional culture, inheriting the essence of Marxist theory, drawing on historical experiences of modern national salvation, developing the diplomatic practices of New China, and innovatively proposing the concept of a "community with a shared future for mankind." It seeks to reshape the international order through the global governance principle of "wide consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits," while driving practical transformation via the high-quality co-construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. As the fundamental guideline for China's diplomacy in the new era, Xi Jinping's Thought on Diplomacy not only demonstrates strategic resolve and historical confidence but also contributes a theoretical paradigm to the reform of the global governance system. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-xi-jinping-s-diplomatic-thought-from-a-macro-historical-perspective/ Lei Shan, Yin Yang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-10520267-AnAnalysis.pdf Literature has always been a medium of social exploration and articulation and through literary narratives such experiences and issues related to the psychology and mental health of students are explored and articulated. In contemporary time period students face issues such as academic competition, social expectations, pressure of making successful future, social comparison, identity conflict and anxiety related issues. Therefore students’ mental health becomes very essential and significant concern in contemporary time period. This paper examines students psychological and emotional vulnerability, anxiety disorder and identity conflict in selected contemporary literary narratives and also reflects upon contemporary youth culture. This study argues that when students face pressure of social expectations that demand success and confirmity, they go through anxiety, identity conflict and psychological disorder. Sylvia Plath’s novel ‘The Bell Jar’ (1963) and John Green’s ‘Turtles All Thee Way Down’ (2017) have been taken for this study. Both these literary narratives deal with the inner psychological conflict and anxiety disorder faced by the young protagonists of the novels. This paper articulates on the topic from the theoretical perspective of cultural and identity theory, particularly theory of Identity given by Erik Erikson and the concept of discourse developed by Michel Foucoult. Through the characters of the protagonists, the author has tried to articulate on the negotiation of social expectations and the sense of self and identity. There is portrayal of stigma surrounding mental health. This paper depicts how literature plays a vital role in promoting empathy and awareness about psychological problems faced by students and emphasize upon the possibility of recovery and healing from mental health struggles. This paper also offers symbolic representation of isolation and depression and reflects upon conflict and anxiety disorder, created by too many life expectations and possibilities in student life. https://ijels.com/detail/psychic-struggles-and-identity-formation-a-study-of-student-mental-health-in-contemporary-narratives/ Dr. Sheeba Parveen, Dr. Ansar Ahmad https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-10520268-Psychic.pdf Marc Bloch’s L’Étrange défaite, written immediately after the French collapse of 1940, remains one of the most powerful contemporary reflections on that event. As both a professional historian and a serving officer, Bloch diagnosed the disaster as fundamentally a defeat of knowledge—or more literally, a defeat of intelligence. This article revisits that formulation and argues that Bloch’s insight should not be reduced to a criticism of tactical backwardness, technological inferiority, or individual misjudgment. Rather, it points to a deeper and more structural failure of cognition embedded in the French military system, command culture, strategic doctrine, and the political-social order of the Third Republic. France’s defeat is thus interpreted not as a sudden and accidental breakdown, but as the culmination of a long-term process in which institutions, mental habits, and social structures failed to adapt to a transformed form and tempo of war. At the same time, Bloch’s interpretation, while exceptionally forceful, also bears the marks of its author’s position as both participant and witness. His analysis derived much of its strength from direct experience, but it was also shaped by the limits of a reserve officer’s perspective during a moment of national trauma. This article therefore seeks both to deepen and to qualify Bloch’s diagnosis. In doing so, it treats the French collapse as a case of structural cognitive failure in a modern state confronting the demands of mechanized warfare and accelerated strategic change. https://ijels.com/detail/a-defeat-of-knowledge-reinterpreting-the-french-collapse-of-1940-through-marc-bloch/ Li-Pen Wang https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-105202616-ADefeat.pdf Indian Writing in English(IWE) is in a new phase now, a phase that is free from the British or English influence in its writings. IWE, though it has its origins related to British literature, has progressed in its own way and established itself as a distinct literature with its unique features, setting it apart from the world of English literature. Indian writers with their distinct themes, styles, and narration contributed to the enrichment of Indian English literature and thereby raised the status of Indian English Literature (IEL). Aravind Adiga is one of the most prominent writers in Contemporary English Writing. His debut novel, “The White Tiger,” bagged the most prestigious “The Man Booker Prize” in 2008. The novel is known for its narrative, as it is appreciated by Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung as “A brilliant Debut…A marvelous narrator”.He received universal acclaim for his captivating storytelling. This artistic excellence can be the result of exemplary implication of narrative techniques. At a superficial understanding, The White Tiger appears to be primarily concerned with the social injustices and class struggles prevalent in India. This research paper analyzes the feminist narratological aspects of Aravind Adiga's novel, "The White Tiger." Through the critical lens of feminism, the research study aims to understand the novel by applying the concepts introduced by Lanser's feminist narratology. Though the story is primarily about Balram and his journey from being a chauffeur to an entrepreneur, the various female characters he came across in his life and the way they are narrated give a different perspective to the total impression that one gets by reading the novel. The detailed analysis of the novel, with a focus on the portrayal of characters, particularly female characters, the exercise of power by the characters, and intersectionality, reveals a different perspective on contemporary Indian society. Through this examination, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the novel's portrayal of gender and its implications for feminist discourse. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-the-feminist-narratological-aspects-within-the-white-tiger-by-aravind-adiga/ Aruna Kumari K, Dr. N. Solomon Benny https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-104202672-Exploring.pdf This article aims to highlight the decentering of the hegemonic discourse of the colonizer by the colonized. The study focused on the crossed gaze of the otjize: the colorization of the Himba female body: between colorist opinions of the Khoush colonizer and Africans’ cultural identity. With Afrocentricity as a theoretical basis, we first demonstrated that the otjize symbolizes authentic African feminine beauty. On the other hand, through the lens of postcolonial studies, we have indicated that the whitewashing of the female body with red clay is subject to colorist criticism on the part of the Khoush colonizer. Finally, we have observed that though in a diasporic situation, women succeed in resisting and subverting the process of subjectification set in motion by the global Kush civilization owing to the attachment to their cultural identity https://ijels.com/detail/otjize-body-dyeing-with-red-clay-between-colorism-and-cultural-identity-in-binti-by-nnedi-okorafor/ Resnais Ulrich Kacou, Donafani Siaka Kone https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-104202660-Otjize.pdf The province of Odisha has carved a niche for itself in the global arena by virtue of three extraordinary things: (1) the sun temple at Konark, (2) Jagannath dham at Puri, and (3) Odissi, the classical dance form. While there's abundance of literature and discursive accounts about the first two, that way, the last one, Odissi, suffers from a dearth of knowledge portals. But for a few and far articles here and there, there's no substantive accounts available about this unique cultural art form and tradition. In spite of its prominent presence over a prolonged period of time, strangely enough, till late 20th century, many have made effort to undermine Odissi by considering it as a mere mimetic version of Bharatanatyam or Kuchipudi. Even though this point-of-view holds no ground in recent times, the lack of adequate credible accounts about the origin and history of this splendid dance form has somehow helped this viewpoint to score a point. Although pinpointing the exact origin of Odissi is nearly impossible, archaeological evidence confirms a tradition that dates back to over two thousand years. The Odissi dance of contemporary times may be less than a hundred years old in its present form, but the knowledge tradition of Odra-Magadhi dance and music has continued in various forms across the Odisha region. This chapter aims at offering a historical overview of this rich dance tradition. The focal length of this chapter ranges from the stone carvings of Konark to the stage of the Konark International Dance Festival. https://ijels.com/detail/odissi-the-cultural-crest-of-odisha-a-historical-overview/ Dr Shakti Shankar Dandapat, Ankit Rout https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-10520262-Odissi.pdf Graffiti has evolved from acts of vandalism to expressions of cultural resistance and political commentary. As an art form and a social discourse, graffiti represents a counter-narrative to the dominant ideologies that shape urban spaces. This paper examines graffiti as a counter-cultural practice that challenges established structures of power, aesthetics, and spatial control. Drawing upon Michel de Certeau’s The Practice of Everyday Life, the study interprets graffiti as a tactical expression within the strategic systems of the city. By situating graffiti within the global, Indian, and Kerala contexts, the paper demonstrates how acts of wall writing, stenciling, and street art become everyday practices of resistance. Through theoretical frameworks of counterculture and resistance—drawing on thinkers such as Marcuse, Hebdige, Hall, and Lefebvre—this analysis positions graffiti as an evolving site of negotiation between the governed and the governing, the visible and the erased, the dominant and the subaltern. https://ijels.com/detail/walls-of-rebellion-graffiti-as-counter-culture/ Parvathy Rajan, Dr. Dhanya Johnson https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-104202674-Walls.pdf The escalating environmental crisis is frequently framed through a universalized lens of “global threat,” a discourse that obscures the uneven distribution of ecological vulnerability. This article examines Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide (2004) as a sophisticated counter-archive that challenges abstract narratives by documenting the intersection of ecological degradation and structural abandonment in the Bengal Sundarbans. Using concepts such as Achille Mbembe’s 'Necropolitics', Rob Nixon’s 'Slow Violence', and Judith Butler’s notion of 'Grievability', the study argues that the Sundarbans acts as a “State of Exception” where the postcolonial state decides whose lives are allowed to be lived and whose are allowed to wither. The concept of Ecoprecarity is central to this analysis. It captures the entanglement of damaged environments with the corporeal vulnerability of the subaltern body. This article analyses how conservation and development have been weaponised as necropolitical tools, as well as the historical Morichjhapi massacre and the struggles of characters like Fokir. The state naturalizes systemic neglect by privileging endangered species over marginalised settlers. The state also frames death as inevitable “acts of God” rather than outcomes of political choice. Ultimately, Ghosh’s novel resists the erasure of ungrievable lives, offering a visceral critique of an environmentalism detached from social justice. https://ijels.com/detail/ecoprecarity-and-necropolitical-sovereignty-in-amitav-ghosh-s-the-hungry-tide/ Rajesh Kumar Maity https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-10520266-Ecoprecarity.pdf Energy is usually evaluated in terms of scientific and environmental parameters. These parameters shape the surroundings around us and influence the socio-cultural aspects of our life. Inner energy is also one of the essential parameters of energy which is a matter of concern in the current scenario. The teachings of one of the most prominent 15th century Indian poet and singer, Kabir are well incorporated with the elements of nature in the form of literary devices such as metaphors, satire, irony, paradox and others in a rather straightforward and a direct approach. The study would explore and analyze how the nature elements used as literary devices in the verses of Kabir can be instrumental in diverting and directing one’s energy from the negative or materialistic aspects of life towards something that in reality may contribute towards self-realization, inner-peace, contention and a joyful perception of life for one and all. The select study would cover areas which were not only essential during the era of Kabir but also hold timeless appeal and relevance even at the times at present. https://ijels.com/detail/the-philosophy-of-inner-energy-and-self-realization-in-the-verses-of-kabir/ Srishti, Dr. Shruti Srivastava https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-105202624-ThePhilosophy.pdf One of the multifaceted topics in the literary tradition is women’s oppression as it is associated with social female issues such as marginalization, self-determination, inequality, rights …etc. The novelist, Alka Joshi, dealt with the issue of women’s oppression in her novels, particularly The Henna Artist (2020) and The Secret Keeper of Jaipur (2021). Hence, the main job of this paper is, through the application of Jeffries’ toolkit, to investigate the linguistic and stylistic constructions of women's oppression in these novels. Based on qualitative and quantitative research procedure, thirty extract are drawn from these two novels and analyzed in terms of Jeffries (2010) conceptual-textual functions. The study concludes that in the two novels, women struggle to stand against negative aspects in a society, such as gender inequality, patriarchy, women discrimination, marginalization. The writer, through her female characters, tries to depict women as feeble creatures who undergo male control and power. https://ijels.com/detail/ideology-portrayal-of-women-s-oppression-in-joshi-s-selected-novels/ Ashwaq Naji Jumaa, Prof. Sarab Kadir Mugair https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-105202629-Ideology.pdf Jodi Picoult is an American novelist, renowned for her negotiations with clinical hegemony. Her novel, Handle with Care (2009), could be deemed a poignant entry point into the labyrinthine of clinical ethics, disability studies and the pragmatic management of family politics by mothers. Hence, this article is an investigation of the narrative through the lenses of clinical surveillance. It is an examination of the protagonist’s intense legal and medical negotiations. Willow O’Keefe, who is the protagonist, is the quantified child, born with Type III Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Central to the examination is the wrongful birth lawsuit initiated by Willow’s mother, Charlotte, against her own family doctor. This is the quintessential issue addressed in this article. Thus, the idea of the quantified child stays pivotal in the progression of the novel. This article also attends to those consequences of the legal process that systematically reduces Willow’s existence to a series of economic liabilities, incorporated by medical cost and familial limitation. This article is one adamant argument that clinical hegemony demands the commodification of Willow’s disability. This quantification reduces the child to the fragmentation of self and, eventually, to the loss of identity. Obviously, the child is stripped of her inherent personhood; she is transformed into a data point within the clinical framework. Hence Michel Foucault’s theory of biopolitics is utilized in this article, in order to investigate the clinical surveillance of the disabled Willow and the maternal performance by Charlotte, the mother. In Handle With Care, Picoult advances the point that the familial sphere is no longer private. The article closes with the finding that Handle With Care exposes the dehumanizing gaze of clinical hegemony, which readily views an individual disability through the lens of risk management. https://ijels.com/detail/the-quantified-child-under-biopolitical-surveillance-disability-and-maternal-responsibility-in-jodi-picoult-s-handle-with-care/ J. Linus Jude, Dr. J. Praveena https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-104202668-TheQuantified.pdf This paper explores the potential of recreational linguistics as an innovative and interdisciplinary tool for discourse analysis in literary studies. Traditionally perceived as a domain of playful language activities such as puns, anagrams, palindromes, and linguistic humour, rebus puzzles, recreational linguistics is re-examined here as a meaningful analytical framework that reveals deeper cognitive, cultural, and ideological dimensions embedded within texts. Drawing on principles from linguistics, cognitive science, and cultural studies, the paper argues that language play is not merely ornamental but constitutes a significant mode of meaning-making that shapes reader interpretation and engagement. The study situates recreational linguistics within contemporary approaches to discourse analysis, demonstrating how playful linguistic structures can uncover implicit power relations, social identities, and cultural narratives in literary discourse. It further highlights the relevance of recreational language practices in the digital age, where memes, hash tags, and online humour function as dynamic forms of discourse. Through selected literary and media examples, the paper illustrates how linguistic creativity operates as a site of negotiation between authorial intent and reader response. Additionally, the paper underscores the pedagogical implications of incorporating recreational linguistics into English language teaching, particularly in enhancing critical thinking, interpretive skills, and student engagement. By bridging the gap between entertainment and analysis, recreational linguistics emerges as a valuable multidisciplinary approach that enriches discourse analysis and redefines the boundaries of literary interpretation in the 21st century. https://ijels.com/detail/recreational-linguistics-and-the-dynamics-of-discourse-an-interdisciplinary-approach/ Dr. S. Kanya Kumari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-105202614-Recreational.pdf Despite policy frameworks mandating gender equality in Philippine education, masculine-centric linguistic defaults persist in classrooms. This study assessed Senior High School students' awareness of Gender-Fair Language (GFL), their attitudes toward its classroom use, its perceived impact on inclusive culture, and the interventions needed to support a Gender-Fair Language Lexicon at Colegio de San Rafael Arcangel, Inc. A quantitative design was employed using random sampling; a researcher-developed, expert-validated sixty-item Likert-scale survey was administered and analyzed through mean, standard deviation, and rank. Findings reveal that students are Moderately Aware of Gender-Fair Language and hold a Somewhat Positive attitude toward its use, strongest for institutionalized occupational substitutions and weakest for non-binary honorifics. Attitudinal endorsement was strong at the normative level but inconsistent in habitual application. The study concludes that the school community exists in a state of "passive readiness" — adequate cognitive understanding without the structural mechanisms for consistent practice. In response, In Fairness: A Lexicon for Inclusive Communication was developed as a localized, faith-aligned instructional resource. https://ijels.com/detail/gender-fair-lexicon-from-biased-to-inclusive-language/ Avegail T. Temporal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-10520269-Gender.pdf This study investigates the use of hedges in the emerging genre of academic writing known as Transparent Peer Review (TPR). Unlike traditional blind review processes, TPR Writing Process, characterized by its open and inclusive nature, reveals the entire peer review process publicly , and thus allows academic readers to access reviewer reports and authorial responses along with the published article. Drawing on a corpus of twenty TPR reports from various Publications, this study aims to explore the role of hedges in transparent peer review. Using qualitative methods to explore several dimensions of hedging in this genre, it seeks to understand whether researchers and scholars participating in TPR employ hedges, what types of hedging strategies are used by reviewers and authors, how prevalence differs between these participant groups, and what functions hedges fulfil in the transparent review process. Drawing on a corpus of twenty TPR reports from Publications—an international quarterly peer-reviewed open-access journal—this investigation employs qualitative methods to explore several dimensions of hedging in this specific genre. The findings revealed that even though both authors and reviewers employ hedging techniques in their correspondence during the TPR process, the former use fewer hedges than the latter. It was also found that lexical hedges are predominate over strategic hedges. On the other hand, the functions of hedging in the TPR reports we have analyzed remain the same as their functions in other academic genres as to softening the truth value of the claim, showing the writer’s commitment to be a responsible and informed member of the scholarly community, and demonstrating awareness of one's audience etc. https://ijels.com/detail/hedging-strategies-in-transparent-peer-review-a-genre-based-analysis/ Nurettin Köroğlu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-10520263-Hedging.pdf This paper investigates the causal link between childhood trauma and the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD), as portrayed through the formal and thematic structures of 20th- and 21st-century English literary representations. By synthesising Marsha Linehan’s biosocial theory and Mary Zanarini’s multifactorial model with contemporary trauma theory, the analysis elucidates how early environmental invalidation triggers the structural instability of the "fragmented self" (Linehan, 1993; Zanarini, 1997). Moving beyond a broad thematic survey, the study anchors its micro-close reading in a stable theoretical frame to analyse how narrative techniques—such as temporal disjunction, unreliable narration, and somatic metaphors—reflect the cognitive and emotional dimensions of BPD, specifically within the context of Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits (Balaev, 2012). Crucially, the paper theorises that behaviours such as sadomasochistic behaviour are derivative consequences of childhood trauma, functioning as maladaptive re-enactments aimed at achieving mastery over past injury (Freud, 1920). By analysing a justified corpus of five major works, the report establishes the "trauma text" and the practice of scriptotherapy as mimetic equivalents to clinical realities of identity diffusion and emotion dysregulation (Plath, 1963; Kaysen, 1993). https://ijels.com/detail/the-architecture-of-absence-childhood-trauma-borderline-personality-disorder-and-the-fragmented-narrative-in-english-literary-representations/ Deepti Yadav, Dr Neeta https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-105202617-TheArchitecture.pdf This paper examines the theme of psychological resistance in the novels of Toni Morrison, arguing that Morrison redefines resistance not merely as physical rebellion against oppression but as an internal struggle for selfhood, memory, healing, and emotional survival. Through characters who confront racial trauma, gendered violence, historical erasure, and internalized oppression, Morrison portrays psychological resistance as an enduring process of reclaiming identity within dehumanizing social systems. Focusing primarily on The Bluest Eye, Sula, Beloved, and God Help the Child, this paper explores how Morrison’s characters resist domination through memory, silence, self-definition, emotional endurance, and communal healing. Drawing upon trauma theory, psychoanalytic criticism, and Black feminist thought, the study demonstrates that Morrison transforms the psychological scars of slavery, racism, and patriarchy into spaces of resistance and recovery. Morrison’s fiction ultimately suggests that survival itself becomes an act of resistance when Black individuals refuse complete psychological submission to oppressive structures. https://ijels.com/detail/psychological-resistance-in-the-works-of-toni-morrison/ Aashima Kajal, Dr. B. M. Yadav https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-105202699-Psychological.pdf This paper analyses the colonisation of woman’s body in Eating Wasps by Anita Nair with special reference to patriarchy, sexuality, gender oppression and bodily autonomy. Anita Nair presents the emotional and psychological struggles of women living in a male-dominated society where female sexuality is suppressed, controlled and condemned through rigid cultural codes. The novel portrays how patriarchal structures attempt to dominate women physically, emotionally and psychologically by reducing them to objects of desire and instruments of male pleasure. The study examines the experiences of various women characters such as Urvasi, Sreelakshmi, Najma, Megha and Theresa, whose lives reveal the multiple forms of violence inflicted upon the female body. Women who express their desires openly are marginalised and humiliated by society, whereas men escape social condemnation even after exploiting women emotionally and physically. Sreelakshmi’s tragic relationship with Markose exposes the selfishness and hypocrisy of patriarchal morality where women become victims of male desire and abandonment. Similarly, the sexual assault of Megha and the acid attack on Najma reveal how brutal masculine power seeks to control and punish women who attempt to assert their individuality and freedom. Further, the paper explores how women themselves become instruments of domination within patriarchal culture. Characters like Theresa attempt to possess and control others through jealousy and emotional violence, thereby demonstrating that colonisation of the body operates at multiple levels within society. Drawing upon Luce Irigaray concept of bodily autonomy, the paper argues that women must reclaim ownership of their bodies and resist patriarchal structures that commodify female sexuality. The paper concludes that Anita Nair exposes the emotional trauma, exploitation and dehumanisation experienced by women in contemporary society while simultaneously celebrating the female body as a source of identity, power and selfhood. Through her women characters, Nair advocates the liberation of women from oppressive cultural ideologies and emphasises the need for bodily freedom, dignity and equality. https://ijels.com/detail/colonisation-of-woman-s-body-an-analysis-of-anita-nair-s-novel-eating-wasps/ Dr. E. Jothi Kirubha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-105202612-Colonisation.pdf