https://ijels.com/Open Access international Journal to publish research paperen-usFebruary 12 The primary school stage marks the foundational phase of English language learning, during which the importance of immersive cultural education for students is self-evident. The cultivation of cultural awareness at this stage has a profound impact on learners’ future effectiveness in English learning and communication. This study is grounded in theories of intercultural communication and textbook evaluation, conducting a comparative analysis of three sets of domestic and three sets of international primary school English textbooks. It examines their similarities and differences in the selection and presentation of cultural content, explores the existing issues and shortcomings in Chinese primary English textbooks regarding the cultivation of students’ cultural awareness, and proposes recommendations for textbook development. The aim is to foster Chinese cultural consciousness and strengthen cultural confidence among students from an early age. https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparative-study-on-the-cultivation-of-cultural-awareness-in-chinese-and-foreign-primary-school-english-textbooks/ Yuehua Lu https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/1IJELS-112202531-AComparative.pdf Ecofeminism is a social and political movement that links the oppression of women and the exploitation of nature. Ecofeminists advocate for gender equality and environmental sustainability, emphasizing the interconnectedness of gender and ecological issues. They seek to challenge and transform the structures that perpetuate these forms of oppression, promoting a more harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world. Arundhati Roy, a prominent Indian author and activist, has explored the intersection of ecofeminism in her literary works, offering a unique perspective on the interconnectedness of gender, environment, and social justice. Her writings delve into the idea that the oppression of women and the exploitation of the environment are deeply intertwined, and she challenges patriarchal and capitalist systems that perpetuate both forms of injustice. This abstract will provide an overview of how Arundhati Roy's works and her essays, thus examine the ecofeminist discourse by portraying the struggles of marginalized women and the ecological crises they face. Roy's writing not only highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing these interconnected issues but also calls for collective action to create a more equitable and sustainable world. Through her evocative prose and compelling narratives, Arundhati Roy invites readers to contemplate the essential relationship between feminism and environmentalism, inspiring a deeper understanding of the need for social and ecological harmony. https://ijels.com/detail/intersection-of-ecology-and-gender-an-analysis-of-ecofeminist-perspectives-in-arundhati-roy-s-works/ Dr. Harsh Bhardwaj https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/2IJELS-112202548-Intersection.pdf Ian McEwan’s The Cement Garden (1978) endures as a pivotal contribution to contemporary British literature, distinguished for its audacious engagement with themes of adolescence, trauma, familial disintegration, and social alienation. This expanded study reinterprets the novel with a heightened scholarly lens, interrogating its historical underpinnings, narrative design, symbolic richness, and psychoanalytic density. Through an interdisciplinary framework encompassing gender theory, psychoanalysis, and cultural studies, the analysis positions the novel as both an intimate portrait of familial collapse and an emblematic commentary on the fragmentation of modern society. https://ijels.com/detail/concrete-innocence-a-psychoanalytic-reading-of-the-cement-garden/ V. Sarad Deepak, Prof. P. Kusuma Harinath https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/3IJELS-112202557-Concrete.pdf Old Floating Clouds is a novella by contemporary Chinese writer Can Xue. Through the daily relationships between neighbors, husband and wife, father and daughter, lovers and mistresses, colleagues and friends, the novel shows that people have become caught in a web of jealously hating each other. The image of mirror plays an important role in the novel, and peep exists in every corner of the novel. In addition to being a mirror of objects, the human mind is also a kind of mirror in the interweaving of each other, and the relationship between self and others is constantly deconstructed and reshaped. This paper will use the “Mirror Stage” theory of psychoanalysis to explore and examine how the protagonists use the mirror to explore and examine themselves, and how they gradually become self-alienation and division in the mutual peeping with others. The mirror is not only a tool to peep at others, but also a reflection of the protagonists’ inner anxiety and self-examination. During the process of peeping, people try to find self-identification and comfort, but eventually fall into a deeper self-loss and spiritual dilemma. https://ijels.com/detail/phantom-in-the-mirror-can-xue-s-deconstruction-of-self-in-old-floating-clouds/ Wu Wei https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/4IJELS-112202555-Phantom.pdf Names and identity are inextricably linked and have a profound impact on an individual. Chitra Banerjee has depicted this link in her novel, Mistress of Spices, through the focal character Tilo. Tilo has struggled with identity since birth. Throughout each phase of her life, she’s been given a new name. This research paper aims to explore the various names, their significance, and identities associated with Tilo. Each of her names reflects a new persona of hers. This paper also analyses Tilo’s cognitive changes during the transformations. Her journey is perceived as a battle that she fights for her name and identity. Hence, the battle between her physical and emotional worlds, and her journey towards finding her true self, is also addressed. https://ijels.com/detail/the-battle-of-names-and-the-self-in-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni-s-the-mistress-of-spices/ Sristy Sharma, Dr. Devendra Kumar Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/5IJELS-112202556-TheBattle.pdf Educational institutions often present themselves as neutral spaces of intellectual cultivation, yet critical theory has consistently shown that schooling frequently operates as a mechanism of regulation and ideological reproduction. Dead Poets Society (1989) explores this paradox through its portrayal of an elite boarding school where conformity is normalized as excellence. This paper examines pedagogy in the film as a site of tension between institutional discipline and individual consciousness. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s theory of disciplinary power and Paulo Freire’s concept of critical pedagogy, the study argues that nonconformity in the film is neither romantic rebellion nor individual failure, but a structurally constrained ethical position. Through close textual analysis, the paper demonstrates how authority at Welton Academy functions through internalized obedience, symbolic legitimacy, and emotional repression. While John Keating’s pedagogical approach disrupts passive learning and awakens critical reflection, it remains limited by its individualistic orientation and lack of institutional support. The film ultimately reveals that the awakening of consciousness, when unsupported by structural transformation, may intensify vulnerability rather than enable freedom, raising enduring questions about pedagogical responsibility. https://ijels.com/detail/pedagogy-of-nonconformity-in-dead-poets-society-institutional-discipline-versus-individual-consciousness/ Shaun Nevil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/6IJELS-112202558-Pedagogy.pdf Food Studies help the present academia to explore how food functions a great deal in literature and how food opens a new gateway to interpret a literary text. In a literary text, food’s function can be multidimensional. In Mahasweta Devi’s writing, food plays an important role as it is addressed very frequently. In most of her writing, Devi places her characters at the margins, who are most of the time deprived of food. In her writing, the marginal characters are in an extreme crisis of food. This crisis is not natural. The elite/superior class creates this food crisis to sustain the marginal class’s dependence on the elite. The class position of Mahasweta Devi’s characters can be located through the foods they are given access to or denied. The present paper seeks to analyze Mahasweta Devi’s “Mahadu: Ekti Roopkatha” (2004) from the perspective of Food Criticism. https://ijels.com/detail/food-abstinence-and-resistance-in-mahasweta-devi-s-mahadu-ekti-roopkatha/ Krishnapada Mandal https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/7IJELS-112202549-Food.pdf This article offers a sustained critical reading of Yann Martel’s Life of Pi through the intersecting narrative modes of myth, allegory, and the modern fable. It argues that the novel’s global resonance derives from its reactivation of premodern symbolic forms within a contemporary literary context shaped by postmodern skepticism, epistemological plurality, and trauma. This essay demonstrates how Martel mobilises myth, allegory and fable as ethically and aesthetically productive strategies for negotiating belief, suffering, and narrative truth in a secular age. Situating Life of Pi within traditions of mythic storytelling, allegorical survival narratives, and animal fable, the article contends that the novel redefines the fable as an open-ended ethical form that transfers interpretive responsibility to the reader. Through extended close textual analysis and critical dialogue with scholarship on postmodern narrative, trauma, and human–animal relations, the essay positions Life of Pi as a significant twenty-first-century intervention into debates about the function of storytelling itself. https://ijels.com/detail/myth-allegory-and-modern-fable-in-life-of-pi/ Aloysius Sebastian https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/8IJELS-10120267-Myth.pdf Focusing on Zadie Smith’s White Teeth, this paper examines how immigrants construct rooted cosmopolitan identity in globalized London. By combining Appiah’s rooted cosmopolitanism with close reading, it explores the disillusion behind the first-generation immigrants’ nostalgia for mythologized “roots” and the second-generation immigrants’ mimetic assimilation to “pure Britishness”, revealing how recognition-seeking trajectories fracture the subject’s sense of temporal continuity. Through the second-generation immigrant Irie’s embodied memory which echoes the sensory survival lineage of the Maroons, Smith rethreads roots and routes, suturing racial memory to the textures of London everyday life and resisting cultural–spiritual coloniality that exceeds territorial sovereignty. In the resistant narrative, White Teeth explores a third route to immigrants’ identity—the construction of rooted cosmopolitan identity which passage from rootless assimilation to rooted identification, highlighting the cohabitation of ethnicity and cosmopolitanism at the scale of nested memberships, showing Smith’s unique writing back to the Empire. https://ijels.com/detail/immigrants-rooted-cosmopolitan-identity-construction-in-white-teeth/ Mingying Xu, Ying Meng https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/9IJELS-10120268-Immigrants.pdf Deep learning, as a pedagogical concept and approach, is aligned with educational reform trends. It has gained increasing prominence and offered new perspectives for designing junior high school English reading instruction. Classroom teaching of English reading based on deep learning emphasizes deep knowledge processing and advocates for learning that is socially interactive and inclusive. It draws theoretical foundations from Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, constructivism, and metacognitive theory. In English reading classrooms, teachers can promote deep learning through strategies such as setting concrete, tiered, and achievable learning objectives; creating authentic contexts; and employing positive, guiding assessment approaches. https://ijels.com/detail/research-on-teaching-strategies-for-english-reading-based-on-deep-learning/ Xu Ping https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/10IJELS-112202559-Researchon.pdf Parent-child attachment bonds and attachment styles significantly influence communication motives in father-daughter relationships, leading to numerous positive social and emotional outcomes in children. Warmth and involvement from fathers positively influence their daughters’ social and cognitive development. “A secure attachment is not about the quantity of time spent together, but the quality of the emotional connection formed” (Mate 183). This paper seeks to explore a critical yet often overlooked aspect of caregiving role of fathers as primary nurturers in daughters’ lives. While traditional narratives of caregiving tend to emphasize the role of mothers, this study argues for the recognition of fathers as equally capable and essential in promoting their children's development, specifically in fostering secure attachment and challenging long-held gender stereotypes. https://ijels.com/detail/secure-attachment-and-gender-stereotypes-exploring-father-daughter-relationship-in-selected-animated-short-films/ Nimisha F., Soumya S. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/11IJELS-10120264-Secure.pdf Agha Shahid Ali uses a lot of natural imagery in his poems about Kashmir. It helps him talk about memory and exile, and also the political trauma there. I am looking at how nature shows up in his work, not just as some pretty background, but more like it is watching everything that happened, the violence and all. The framework I am using is ecocriticism, mixed with postcolonial theory. It seems like that fits because Ali is dealing with both the land and the history of oppression. In poems from The Country Without a Post Office, and some others, the landscapes and seasons carry this emotional weight, like they hold onto the cultural memories. Close readings show how ecological metaphors do that, turning nature into something that remembers. I situate Ali in this postcolonial ecocriticism thing by looking at critics like Cheryll Glotfelty, Lawrence Buell, Rob Nixon. They help explain it. The paper, well, it’s written in straightforward academic style, but the main point is how environmental stuff and human pain are all tied together in Ali's poetry. He makes the land a place for mourning, remembrance, and resisting, I think. That part gets a bit messy to unpack fully. https://ijels.com/detail/nature-memory-and-political-trauma-in-agha-shahid-ali-s-poetry-an-ecocritical-reading/ Mohd. Shahab Khan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/12IJELS-112202547-Nature.pdf The present research examines the emergence of the “New Woman” in Dalit feminist narratives, highlighting both themes of resilience and resistance as they are expressed in Dalit women's writings and lives. The study examines how Dalit women resist gender and caste hierarchies while establishing conditions for self-identity and empowerment through a critical analysis of fictional and autobiographical works by authors such as Bama, Baby Kamble, and Urmila Pawar. According to the study, the New Woman in Dalit literature is a figure of transformation as well as uprising, redefining identity, regaining voice, and rebuilding community. The study reveals that these narratives, which emphasize the self-reliance, equality, and enduring spirit of Dalit women, express a significant counter-narrative to prevailing patriarchal and discriminatory notions. It evolves this by drawing on intersectional feminist theory and Dalit discourse. A vital lens through which to view the intersections of gender and caste in India is offered by Dalit feminist narratives. This essay examines the themes of resiliency and resistance in Dalit women writers' creative works, with a particular emphasis on the rise of the "New Woman." This study demonstrates how Dalit women's literature challenges Brahminical patriarchy and reframes feminist discourse from a Dalit perspective through an analysis of the writings of Bama, Baby Kamble, and Urmila Pawar. https://ijels.com/detail/resistance-and-resilience-the-new-woman-in-dalit-feminist-narratives/ Mrs. Kranti Lodhi, Dr. Nisha Indraguru https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/13IJELS-101202613-Resistance.pdf This paper delves into Maya Chowdhry’s Monsoon through an interdisciplinary lens, examining its exploration of menstruation, ecological renewal, and feminine identity. The analysis situates Monsoon within feminist ecological literature and performative representations of women’s experiences, emphasizing its critical engagement with societal taboos and cultural renewal. By integrating concepts from psychoanalysis, ecological feminism, Indian aesthetics, and postcolonial hybridity, the study highlights the play’s innovative approach to reframing abjection and celebrating cycles of life and empowerment. https://ijels.com/detail/transforming-taboos-ecofeminism-menstruation-and-spirituality-in-maya-chowdhry-s-monsoon/ Eza Deshwal, Prof. Rashmi Malik https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/14IJELS-10120266-Transforming.pdf In her representative work Love Medicine, American Indian female writer Louise Erdrick uses a polyphonic narrative structure to construct a narrative space with diverse dialogues, allowing Indian characters of different identities to narrate their traumatic experiences. This paper is based on Judith Herman's theory of trauma and recovery, combined with the historical and current challenges faced by Native American reservation residents in the novel, to analyze the interweaving and composite presentation of personal trauma, war trauma, and cultural trauma in the work. Through polyphonic narrative strategy, Erdrick not only breaks the traditional linear trauma writing mode, but also transforms traumatic memories into narrative dynamics for cultural identity reconstruction. This paper further explores how the Native American characters in Love Medicine gradually achieve psychological and social trauma recovery by returning to cultural roots, coordinating the tension between tradition and modernity, and completing cultural redemption for individuals and ethnic groups through the three stages of trauma recovery proposed by Herman, safety establishment, mourning, and reconstruction connection. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-love-medicine-based-on-herman-s-theory/ Lin Lin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/15IJELS-10120269-AStudy.pdf This study utilized the Peer Tutoring Strategy to enhance the reading skills of Grade 7 students who were identified as struggling readers. The intervention focused on addressing common reading miscues, such as mispronunciation, omission, substitution, and insertion, which often hinder comprehension and fluency. Through structured peer tutoring sessions, learners engaged in collaborative reading activities where higher-performing students guided their peers in decoding, pronunciation, and comprehension tasks. Findings revealed that peer tutoring significantly reduced the frequency of miscues and fostered greater confidence, active participation, and engagement among learners. The study highlights that peer tutoring is an effective, low-cost, and sustainable approach to improving reading skills, particularly for struggling readers in the classroom setting. Moreover, the post-intervention results indicated a noticeable decrease in specific reading miscues, particularly in mispronunciation, omission, substitution, and insertion errors. The structured peer tutoring activities allowed learners to receive immediate corrective feedback, which strengthened their word recognition and decoding skills. These findings affirm that targeted peer tutoring interventions are effective in addressing persistent reading miscues among struggling readers. It is recommended that schools integrate structured peer tutoring programs into their reading enhancement initiatives to support struggling readers and promote a culture of shared responsibility in literacy development. https://ijels.com/detail/enhancing-reading-skills-through-peer-tutoring-strategy/ Elvie C. Navarro https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-101202612-Enhancing.pdf Ama Ata Aidoo's artistic works have focused on Ghanaian realities of feminism, as evident in her novels and fictions, Changes: A Love Story (1991) and The Girl Who Can (1999). In these two texts, Aidoo attempts to depict modern feminine masculinity through the lives of Esi and Adjoa. This study is guided by the questions of how Aidoo navigates the complexities of contemporary women's lives, grappling with societal expectations, and how she presents the journey of self-actualisation in male-dominated societies. Using the masculine feminist approach and content analysis as the design, this study asserts that the Ghanaian woman is a strong individual who allows for ambition and choice and stresses the need for emancipation in a male-dominated society through resistance and assertiveness. While existing studies have examined feminism in Aidoo's works, few have explored how her concept of "masculine femininity" in both texts redefines resistance in male-dominated Ghanaian society, either through a comparative lens or in comparison with the texts themselves. This underscores Aidoo's dedication to portraying the struggles and successes of women, making her a central figure in this cause. With her powerful narratives and rich character development, her works engage with feminist and masculine perspectives. This study aims to contribute to the existing literature on feminist masculinity in contemporary society and deepen our understanding of the Ghanaian woman’s life and environment, thereby expanding self-awareness to achieve transformative change and shift perspective on how African society views women, ultimately calling for a new feminine identity. https://ijels.com/detail/navigating-the-complexities-of-male-dominated-societies-a-study-of-selected-texts-by-ama-ata-aidoo/ Rita Ndonibi, Peter Mensah, Jonathan Essuman, Kingsley Ohene Adu Brempong https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/17IJELS-101202625-Navigating.pdf From the perspective of hypotaxis and parataxis, this study conducts an analysis of the Chinese-English translation strategies adopted in the 2025 Government Work Report, and explores the essential differences between the two languages in terms of syntactic structure, logical expression and textual organization. The findings indicate that English attaches great importance to linguistic form and structure, with a clear distinction between primary and secondary components within sentences, whereas Chinese emphasizes the overall logic, coherence and semantic expression of language, without a distinct hierarchy among internal components. Through a comparative analysis of typical sentence segments in the Report, this paper reveals that there exist many structural transformations from parataxis to hypotaxis in the English translation process. These transformations not only reflect the structural characteristics of English and Chinese, but also play a crucial role in clarifying logic, explicating responsible subjects and enhancing international acceptability in the process of ideological communication. https://ijels.com/detail/translation-strategies-for-political-texts-from-a-hypotaxis-parataxis-perspective-with-reference-to-the-2025-government-work-report/ Chen Jiaqi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/18IJELS-101202631-Translation.pdf Henry David Thoreau’s philosophy in Walden; or, Life in the Woods (1971) is to live amidst nature responsibly and become close to one’s roots. Ecotourism in contemporary times let people live within nature and connect to it. Thoreau, through Walden (1971), proposes certain ideas that closely relate to today’s ecotourism. Thoreau and ecotourism talk about immersing with nature, living in a sustainable accommodation, conservation of nature, educational awareness on it, and promoting responsibility towards nature’s preservation. This paper is going to analyse this interconnection of ecotourism and Thoreau’s ideas in Walden (1971). Ecotourism, with its environmental conservation aspect, will be analysed. https://ijels.com/detail/walden-and-ecotourism-living-and-travelling-responsibly/ Bonjuri Bora https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/19IJELS-101202619-Walden.pdf This paper explores how the ethical and philosophical principles guiding Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be grounded in the spiritual and moral framework of Shivas humanism. Drawing from the Siva Purana (trans. Shastri, 1970) and the humanistic philosophies of Sri Aurobindo, Swami Vivekananda, and Deendayal Upadhyaya, the study examines how consciousness, compassion, and detachment - core tenets of Sivas persona - can serve as ethical anchors in the age of intelligent machines. Modern AI ethics emphasizes fairness, transparency, accountability, and human autonomy, yet often lacks a cohesive philosophical anthropology to define what it means to act, know, and value. By integrating Shivas vision of divine-human unity with Integral Humanism, the paper proposes a spiritually informed model of ethical intelligence rooted in awareness, universal compassion, and moral equilibrium. Through this framework, AI is re-conceptualized not merely as a technological tool but as a moral extension of human consciousness, capable of reflecting dharmic values that sustain collective welfare and ecological harmony. Shivas acts exemplify compassionate rationality that transcends rigid utilitarianism. This study argues that grounding AI development in Shivas humanism transforms algorithmic governance from procedural compliance into reflective moral action, ensuring that artificial systems uphold dignity, justice, and spiritual evolution. By aligning technological progress with the cosmic ethics of interconnectedness and balance, the paper concludes that Shivas humanism offers a transformative paradigm for reuniting intelligence and empathy in the digital age. https://ijels.com/detail/shiva-and-human-dignity-in-artificial-intelligence-a-post-humanistic-approach/ Nandini Bhartiya, Dr. Vivek Mehrotra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/20IJELS-101202639-Shiva.pdf The article is dedicated to the analysis of structural transformations of journalism in developing countries under conditions of platform dominance and algorithmic governance. The relevance of the study is determined by the accelerated displacement of mainstream journalism by alternative digital platforms in media systems characterized by political pressure, economic fragility, and technological asymmetry. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the integrated examination of algorithmic, economic, legal, and sociocultural factors shaping this displacement within the context of Bangladesh. The article describes the uneven adoption of artificial intelligence tools in newsrooms, the erosion of editorial authority under metric-driven decision-making, and the growing reliance of audiences on non-institutional information actors. Special attention is paid to the interaction between platform algorithms and state regulatory mechanisms that jointly constrain professional journalism while enabling alternative digital actors. The study sets itself the goal of identifying the mechanisms through which editorial judgment is subordinated to algorithmic optimization in developing media environments. To achieve this goal, qualitative source analysis, comparative analysis, and structural interpretation were employed. The conclusions outline the implications of these transformations for media trust, journalistic autonomy, and the sustainability of public discourse. The article will be useful for researchers in media studies, journalism, digital communication, and political communication. The originality of this study resides in its integrated analytical framework that jointly examines algorithmic governance, state regulation, and newsroom economic dependency through an empirically grounded analysis of a developing-country media system, rather than treating these dynamics as separate domains. https://ijels.com/detail/media-challenges-in-developing-countries-understanding-the-rise-of-alternative-digital-platforms-over-mainstream-journalism/ T M Rokib Hasan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/21IJELS-101202635-Media.pdf The modern, contemporary feminist rewritings of myth allow a much-needed reconstruction of the ancient mythical women and also challenge traditional narratives that have historically silenced these women’s voices. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni in The Palace of Illusions and The Forest of Enchantments re-imagines Indian epics through the perspectives of female protagonists marginalized in canonical texts and hence, becomes able to re-tell the saga afresh in the voice of these mythical heroines. This paper attempts to explore how Divakaruni has managed to reconstruct figures like Draupadi and Sita. Through her retelling she has attempted to transform these women figures from passive receivers of destiny into strong, self- aware narrators of their own experiences. This gradual but powerful movement from silence to speech represents a profound quest for identity, agency, autonomy and self- recognition. By granting these women narrative authority Divakaruni, not only reconstructs the myth, but also tackles contemporary questions and challenges revolving around gender power and personal agency. This paper argues that such retellings serve as a potent medium to create literary spaces where suppressed voices regain dignity. These retold sagas, also, redefine womanhood in both mythic and modern contexts. Moreover, these narratives encourage the modern readers to reassess their inherited traditions, question patriarchal structures, and acknowledge the transformative potential of women’s storytelling in reforming cultural memory as well as historical consciousness. https://ijels.com/detail/a-journey-from-silence-to-speech-women-s-quest-for-identity-in-chitra-b-divakaruni-s-the-palace-of-illusions-and-the-forest-of-enchantments/ Abhabya Ratnam, Dr. Samir Kumar Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-101202658-AJourney.pdf The present paper examines the position of English language teaching in Vietnamese Buddhist colleges and compares this situation to that found in Buddhist universities around Asia and the West. In a time of globalisation, English has become the lingua franca in academia and elsewhere not only for academic exchange and research but also for transnational Buddhist dialog. While the Vietnamese Buddhist academies have experienced significant institutional expansion, this has not yet necessarily translated into monastic students with robust English language skills necessary for meaningful connections in global academic networks. Building on applied linguistics theories, such as EMI/CLIL (English Medium Instruction / Content and Language Integrated Learning), combined with sociocultural frameworks, our study proposes that the knowledge gap seen in language use is not the result of cultural unfitness or intellectual inability but systemic and pedagogical incongruities. In the context of Vietnamese Buddhist learning, English is seen more as an adjunct than a critical tool for thought and doctrinal reflection. It also goes into psychological factors including foreign language anxiety, shyness, and lack of confidence, as substantiated by some recent Vietnamese studies. In comparing Buddhist universities in Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Australia, and the United States, it is concluded that institutions which manage to integrate English as a core academic medium effectively produce more globally engaged monastic scholars. The paper closes with a call for reform that would enable English to become an upaya type skillful means of contemporary Dharma transmission. This shift requires an institutional policy adjustment, integrated pedagogical methods, and emotional support for the learners. https://ijels.com/detail/english-language-education-at-vietnamese-buddhist-universities-compared-to-buddhist-universities-worldwide/ Dr. Le Hong Linh https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/23IJELS-101202621-English.pdf Over centuries the status of women in Odisha has been shaped by factors like patriarchal mindset, domestic violence, child marriage, poverty, superstitions, trafficking, migration, female feticide, unpaid labour and even low female literacy levels. Irrespective of the presumably improved status in contemporary society, women in Odisha are subject to discrimination and myriad challenges. Striding through their violation of rights as well as adverse family and societal circumstances in ancient, medieval and modern times, several women in Odia fiction and folklore demonstrate resilience. By analysing ancient, medieval and contemporary Odia literary works in English translation, my research focuses on the conditions, predicament and tenacity of women to understand their journey by battling patriarchal barriers and gender stereotypes. https://ijels.com/detail/narratives-of-endurance-representation-of-women-in-odia-literature/ Dr. Manisha Mishra https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/24IJELS-101202633-Narratives.pdf The Tempest has been traditionally received as a romance that exalts love, forgiveness, and reconciliation. In fact, love has been traditionally understood as a redemptive moral agent that resolves conflicts and re-establishes harmony. However, this paper will use Reception Theory to show that love in The Tempest is a construct of power whose meaning is contingent on the reader’s horizon of meaning. Through an analysis of how paternal, romantic, and supernatural love are variously constructed by early modern, Romantic, and modern readers, this paper will show that love is not a stable ethical value but an effective strategy that legitimates power. Through this reception-based analysis, this paper will show that Shakespeare’s love is a multifaceted text that can be variously read to naturalize or interrogate power, and that The Tempest is a text whose political meaning is constructed through audience interpretation. https://ijels.com/detail/love-as-a-construct-of-power-in-shakespeare-s-the-tempest-a-reception-theoretical-reading/ Adheena S., Shahaana N. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-101202632-Love.pdf Sexual violence is one of the most pervasive and devastating human rights violations, leaving deep psychological, emotional, and social scars on survivors. Rape narratives have long served as powerful tools to expose this violence, challenge societal denial, and give voice to those whose suffering is often hidden behind shame and fear. Rape has historically been shaped by narrow assumptions about gender, frequently portraying women as the sole victims and men solely as perpetrators. By examining rape narratives with particular attention to male victimization, it becomes possible to challenge these deeply rooted stereotypes and broaden our understanding of sexual violence. Male sexual trauma remains one of the most silenced subjects in literary representation due to entrenched norms of masculinity and institutional denial. This paper offers such a comparative analysis of two male victims: Cholly Breedlove in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Hassan in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, examining how trauma, justice, recovery, and ethics are constructed in narratives of male rape. Through a trauma-theoretical and socio-ethical lens, the paper aims to bicker that both novels depict male rape as a socially produced violation rooted in racial and ethnic power structures. While Hassan’s trauma manifests as silence and moral endurance throughout the novel, Cholly’s trauma emerges as rage, destructive and self-destructive masculinity. The comparison reveals the absence of justice and recognition forecloses recovery and raises urgent ethical questions about witnessing, narrative authority, and responsibility in representing male survivor experiences. https://ijels.com/detail/silenced-wounds-trauma-justice-and-ethical-representation-of-sexual-coercion-of-men-in-the-bluest-eye-and-the-kite-runner/ Dr. V. Vani Ayyaswariya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/26IJELS-101202626-Silenced.pdf In this paper explores the complicated rapport-building perceptions among the concepts of psychological-alienation, conditional-love, and the sense of ancestral obligation as rendered in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis. Although the changing appearance of Gregor Samsa into a vermin can easily be connected with nervousness over identity-crisis or social-isolation, for this instance, this paper will dedicatedly endeavor to elucidate the underlying tragedy not related with the familial relationships and the sensitive matters as well as psychological dynamics they require. Gregor’s transformation is predicated on an overemphasis on the sense of obligation he owes to his family as he continually relinquishes his own wishes in favor of guaranteeing fiscal expediency for his siblings. Then again, he is no longer capable of serving this economic tenacity to his family, as soon as the entire fondness presented to him becomes lucid as to its conditional position of bonding. This insight pursues to elucidate a helpless man Samsa by means of the transformation in The Metamorphosis a vermin merely aids to accentuate the long-existing sense of isolation in the protagonist as Kafka’s own work epitomizes exactly how societies and familial structures can concentrate people invisible even when they are still human https://ijels.com/detail/the-crisis-of-identity-in-franz-kafka-s-the-metamorphosis-the-agonizing-awareness-that-human-worth-tangled-to-fiscal-expediency/ Mainul Islam, Nurunnahar Akhi, Amena Begum, Tanjina Binte Amin https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/27IJELS-101202644-TheCrisis.pdf The paper explores the dynamic growth of the epic genre as an oral and written tradition. It surpasses different eras, cultures, geographies to replicate the transcending cultures, eras, and geographies to replicate the worldwide condition of the humans and the values of the society. By juxtaposing the Western and Eastern epic traditions- with reference to the classical figures like Homer, Milton, Valmiki and Vyasa- it places the Dogri epic Jitto by Padma shri awardee Jitendra Udampuri in the larger context of the Indian ad Western poetics. The Dogra cultural philosophy has been deeply articulated in Jitto, which is grounded in the legend of Bawa Jitto, an agrarian folk hero who forfeited himself in the resistance of feudal oppression. Based upon the Longinus’s theory of the sublime, Aristotle’s principles of epic structure and tragedy, Longinus’s notion of the sublime and Bharata’s rasa theory in Natyasastra, the paper examines how the mahakavya synthesizes sublimity, heroism and emotional depth. Heroic (vira) rasa which has been chiefly highlighted in the paper aligns with the main themes of sacrifice and resistance as portrayed in Jitto. The study highlights how Jitto not only disseminates a local legend but also reiterates the epic’s everlasting appeal as a genre which is capable of socio-cultural renaissance, historical mindfulness and aesthetic wholeness. https://ijels.com/detail/dogri-epic-jitto-through-the-lens-of-indian-and-western-poetics/ Vandana Sharma, Shachi Sood https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-101202647-Dogri.pdf George Orwell is considered the preeminent satirist of the 20th century. Unlike Jonathan Swift, Orwell employs a humor devoid of invective or burlesque elements. He maintains an excellent balance between sarcasm and comedy. His sarcasm demonstrates that he was a revolutionary intent on eradicating societal shortcomings. He targeted the root causes of the societal and political issues. He was tormented by the societal class disparity, subjugation, and destitution. While his writings are distinguished by an autobiographical element, his satirical style remains entirely impartial and analytical. Similar to other satirists, he did not want to adopt a propagandistic approach. He vehemently fought the totalitarian regimes of Stalinist Russia and fascism in Spain. He believed that politics has a crucial role in transforming societal norms. While many theorists have proposed diverse ideologies, only a few have significantly advanced societal development. https://ijels.com/detail/george-orwell-a-novelist-with-a-political-perspective-on-society/ Dr. Md. Abullais https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/29IJELS-101202652-GeorgeOrwell.pdf This paper examines Shilpi Somaya Gowda’s Secret Daughter (2010) through the lens of transnational feminism, arguing that the novel interrogates gendered oppression, motherhood, and reproductive choice within intersecting frameworks of nation, class, race, and global inequality. Moving beyond liberal feminist narratives of individual choice and empowerment, Gowda’s text foregrounds the uneven power relations that structure women’s lives across borders. Through the parallel narratives of Kavita, an Indian woman forced to relinquish her daughter due to patriarchal violence, and Somer, an Indian-American adoptive mother navigating infertility and transnational adoption, the novel exposes the ethical complexities of global motherhood. Drawing on transnational feminist theorists such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Inderpal Grewal, and Nira Yuval-Davis, this study argues that Secret Daughter critiques both Indian patriarchy and Western neoliberal feminism, revealing how women’s reproductive lives are shaped by global capitalism, migration, and nationalist ideologies. The novel ultimately articulates a transnational feminist ethics grounded in care, responsibility, and contextual solidarity rather than universalist notions of women’s liberation. https://ijels.com/detail/motherhood-migration-and-feminist-ethics-a-transnational-feminist-reading-of-shilpi-somaya-gowda-s-secret-daughter/ Ezhilmathi K, Dr. Kavitha A https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/30IJELS-101202641-Motherhood.pdf Grammatical competence, or the capacity to comprehend and construct grammatically sound sentences, is the foundation of successful communication in every language. This study explored the challenges faced by Grade 11 STEM students at the University of Cebu Pardo and Talisay, Inc. in achieving grammar competence during the academic year 2024-2025. The research employed a mixed-method research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the students' linguistic weak points and lived experiences. The quantitative findings revealed varied levels of grammar proficiency among the 41 student respondents. While students demonstrated "Outstanding" mastery in determiners, their performance in subject-verb agreement, pronoun identification, and relative clauses "Did Not Meet Expectations". Notably, a critical gap was identified in prepositions, where students recorded a 0% correct average. For data analysis, the study utilized statistical treatment for quantitative data to determine frequencies, percentages, and the significant relationship between student profiles and grammar competence. For the qualitative phase, the Colaizzi method was used to analyze in-depth interviews, allowing the researcher to identify significant statements and formulate meanings that eventually clustered into the emergent themes. The main themes emerging from the qualitative analysis were: (1) Multifaceted Nature of English Grammar Acquisition, (2) How Experience and Deep Involvement Shape Us, (3) The Influence of the First Language (L1), and (4) Impact of Explicit Instruction and Learning Strategies. The qualitative results highlighted that students perceived grammar acquisition as a holistic challenge shaped by a complex interplay of internal and external elements. These themes underscored that L1 interference (specifically Bisaya) and the lack of exposure were primary hurdles, while interactive strategies such as games and real-world applications were seen as highly effective for retention. Based on these findings, a set of differentiated learning activities was proposed to enhance student performance. In conclusion, the study reveals that while students demonstrate mastery in certain fundamental areas, significant gaps in grammatical competence persist due to the complex interplay of first-language interference and a lack of immersion; consequently, it is recommended that educators adopt the proposed differentiated learning activities and interactive, strategy-based instruction to address these multifaceted linguistic challenges and foster a more holistic mastery of the English language. https://ijels.com/detail/investigating-the-challenges-faced-by-the-learners-of-english-as-a-second-language-mixed-method-design/ Irish Marinel M. Cainoy, Jaypee R. Lopres, Chesska Carla G. Moreno, Marciano C. Placencia Jr., Eliezer Cabanas https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/31IJELS-101202648-Investigating.pdf John Milton's Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained are among the most profound epic poems in the English literary canon. Paradise Lost recounts the dramatic and compelling story of humanity's fall from grace a narrative filled with rebellion, betrayal, and the battle between innocence and corruption. This epic depicts an intense struggle between God and Satan for control over humanity’s fate, spanning the realms of Heaven, Hell, and Earth. Central to this conflict are Adam and Eve, whose susceptibility to temptation lies at the heart of mankind's downfall, orchestrated by Satan and his band of rebel angels. Published in 1667, Paradise Lost vividly portrays Satan’s defiance, his expulsion from Heaven, and his cunning role in leading Adam and Eve into sin, thereby causing their exile from Eden. Its sequel, Paradise Regained (1671), shifts focus to Christ’s unwavering resolve during Satan’s efforts to tempt Him in the wilderness. Where the former epic depicts humanity's fall through disobedience, the latter celebrates redemption by highlighting Christ’s triumphant resistance. Together, the two works present a striking contrast while Paradise Lost illustrates the origin of sin; Paradise Regained reveals the victory over it through steadfast faith and moral fortitude in the face of temptations like lust, pride, and power. These epics aim to assert “Eternal Providence” and illuminate the divine purpose by justifying “the ways of God to men.” In Paradise Lost, Milton narrates the descent of Satan and his followers into Hell’s inferno, Satan’s subsequent escape to Eden’s untainted beauty, and his insidious manipulation of Eve, which ultimately leads to Adam’s choice to share in her fate. Yet even amid humanity’s tragic fall, there remains a promise of redemption. In Paradise Regained, Milton explores Satan’s attempts to undermine Jesus’ mission by tempting Him with worldly power, culminating in a greater triumph as Christ emerges victorious. Together, these epics celebrate the Son as a resplendent hero the ultimate conqueror over sin and death, who reconciles mankind with God. Read as a cohesive narrative, these masterpieces not only exalt the Son’s glory but also provide profound reflections on faith, temptation, and salvation. https://ijels.com/detail/the-incredible-story-of-the-paradise-lost-and-paradise-regained/ Sirla Aishwarya https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/32IJELS-101202657-TheIncredible.pdf The research paper is a humble effort to examine the themes of acceptance, friendship, and self-improvement in Durjoy Datta's Hold My Hand (2013), with an emphasis on how these interrelated concepts shape the characters' emotional and psychological development. The narrative, set in modern-day India, follows young people as they navigate vulnerability, love, loss, and healing. This study examines how acceptance, both one's own and others', emerges as a critical basis for emotional stability and personal growth through a close reading of the text. I have tried to establish how Datta in the novel Hold My Hand puts his emphasises on friendship as a safe haven that helps characters cope with trauma, loneliness, and dread and how it often serves as a substitute for a family structure. The book depicts friendship as a process of patience, emotional responsibility, and mutual understanding rather than just a social link. Additionally, the issue of self-growth is examined in relation to experiences of care and suffering, demonstrating how times of emotional crisis become opportunities for resilience and maturity. Datta's story highlights the value of empathy and communication in interpersonal connections, particularly for young people dealing with emotional and mental difficulties. Through this paper, I tried to delineate how Hold My Hand humanises emotional challenges and presents a positive picture of recovery through connection by situating the book within the context of contemporary juvenile fiction. The study contributes to existing scholarship on popular Indian English fiction dealing with the theme of blending emotional realism with ethical concerns, making it relevant to discussions of identity, mental well-being, and interpersonal relationships in modern society. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-themes-of-acceptance-friendship-and-self-growth-in-durjoy-datta-s-hold-my-hand/ Diksha Kajal, Dr. Krishna Chaudhary https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/33IJELS-101202699-Exploring.pdf This study investigates six Malayalam films from 2021-2024 - Aavesham, Marco, Bheeshma Parvam, RDX, Turbo, and Kannur Squad - to analyze depictions of violence and criminality and their potential effects on youth aged 13-25. Collectively earning over 600 crore rupees, these films signify Kerala's evolving cinematic landscape. Employing a qualitative content approach, the study integrates direct film analysis with critical reviews from prominent newspapers. Organized thematically from gangsterism to vigilantism, it identifies a violence range of 6-12 incidents per hour and diverse criminal archetypes. Findings indicate varied youth responses, from aggression modeling to resilience, underscoring the need for media literacy given Kerala's mental health context, evaluated through established psychological perspectives. https://ijels.com/detail/depictions-of-violence-and-criminality-youth-implications-in-contemporary-malayalam-cinema-2021-2024/ Kunnathil Muhammed Aslam https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/34IJELS-10920253-Depictions.pdf Migration has been one of the defining experiences of the Indian diaspora, reshaping notions of identity, belonging, and cultural memory. Indian diaspora literature captures the complex transition from ‘roots’, symbolizing origin and homeland, to ‘routes’, representing movement, displacement, and transnational existence. In Indian diasporic literature, the act of crossing borders is rarely just a physical journey; it is a psychological transformation. For writers of the Indian diaspora, "identity" is not a fixed label but a fluid process of negotiation between the desh (homeland) and the videsh (host land). This paper examines how Indian diasporic writers negotiate identity in the context of migration, cultural hybridity, and alienation. Drawing on theoretical insights from diaspora studies and postcolonial criticism, and analyzing selected works by writers such as Jhumpa Lahiri, V.S. Naipaul, Salman Rushdie, and Bharati Mukherjee, the paper argues that Indian diaspora literature reflects identity as fluid, hybrid, and continually reconstructed across spaces. https://ijels.com/detail/from-roots-to-routes-migration-and-identity-in-indian-diaspora-literature/ Dr. Rippy Bawa https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/35IJELS-101202666-From.pdf Translation involves both the human factor and the language. By human factor we mean the political, social, gender-based identity along with the ethical, moral judgments. The moral stands stem from person’s experience of various socio-cultural phenomenon and events. When such stands lead to stereotypical mindset on the parts of translator, the norms and regulations of translation come handy to save the day. As culture and norms are two different domains there are instances of conflict between them. A good translator always strikes a balance between the two. Of late literary translation has been a vehicle for transmission of own culture, identity and issues. Translation is being used as a metaphorical passport for transporting the indigenous culture from margin to the centre through text. A study of translated works from 1995s till 2010 in Odisha saw a surge of exotropic translation when more than 100 texts were translated from Odia to English. Himansu S. Mohapatra rightly points out, “there are so many ways in which translation can mirror the layered nature of culture.” (Mohapatra, 91-92). This paper synoptically analyses the corpus of translation done by Himansu Sekhar Mohapatra and how as a contemporary translator he values his own culture and establishes it in global forum. Being a professor of English he is cautious of norms and principles of translation, at the same time as an Odia he goes extra mile to preserve the original meanings, emotions and ethos not being lost in translation. https://ijels.com/detail/not-lost-in-translation-culture-identity-and-odia-issues-in-the-translations-of-himansu-sekhar-mohapatra/ Dr. Biswa Ranjan Sahoo https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/36IJELS-101202660-NotLost.pdf Girish Karnad, an Indian Jnanpith awardee playwright, played a pivotal role in the evolution of modern Indian playwriting in Kannada. This paper delves into the intricacies of identity and modernity in Girish Karnad’s Hayavadana while examining it from a postcolonial lens. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fragmentation of selfhood, challenging traditional notions of identity in the face of modernity. The play subtly uses myths and tradition to highlight the impact of colonialism on identity formation, particularly in postcolonial societies like India. Through a postcolonial framework, the paper examines how Hayavadana reflects the ongoing search for a cohesive identity in a world shaped by both colonial past and modern pressures. This research further looks into the ways through which Karnad ponders over the meaning of existence and identity in his play, while questioning the parameters of modernity. https://ijels.com/detail/reimagining-selfhood-identity-and-modernity-in-the-postcolonial-context-of-girish-karnad-s-hayavadana/ Yuvna Tandon https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/37IJELS-101202662-Reimagining.pdf Modern Indian English fiction presents children and childhood in a manner that goes beyond conventional notions of innocence and offers complex readings of a rapidly changing society. One thing that immediately stands out is that modern portrayals show a child protagonist who is a perceptive commentator on a world that, from their simple perspective, contains contradictions, deficiencies, and deficiencies that cause anxiety. Such narratives also use childhood as a location that presents struggle and adjustment, often addressing issues related to communal riots, poverty, gender, and inequalities. Modern storytelling also places emphasis on the capability and activeness of children, who, far from being mere sufferers, demonstrate how they can challenge and redefine existing notions and constructions of society. Collectively, these readings show that a figure representing a child in modern Indian English literature uses that presence as a metaphor that captures the challenges as well as hopes that a modern era possesses, and therefore, this study shall exemplify that through selected readings on narratives that try to make sense of various readings on depictions related to childhood. In addition, the paper would also aim to investigate the representation of the child in the Indian popular media in an attempt to grasp the level at which commercialization of childhood is used as an ideological device in an attempt to transmit cultural meanings of childhood and its positioning in terms of the ideology of normal society. In this process of investigation, there would be an attempt at understanding the strategies and techniques involved in building particular imagery and meaning in terms of childhood in the given instances of popular culture. https://ijels.com/detail/the-socio-cultural-dimensions-of-childhood-a-reading-of-select-narratives/ Preethy Mary George, Dr. Surya K. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/38IJELS-101202664-TheSocio.pdf This study examines the natural imagery in Sylvia Plath’s Ariel through the lens of dark ecology, a theoretical framework developed by Timothy Morton. The research investigates how Plath’s portrayal of nature goes beyond the traditional romanticized depictions, presenting nature as a dark, uncanny force that mirrors her broader ecological concerns. By applying Morton’s concept of dark ecology, which challenges anthropocentric views and emphasizes the interconnectedness of all beings, this study explores how Plath imbues natural imagery with both beauty and menace, illustrating the agency of nonhuman entities. The research focuses on how Plath’s work disrupts conventional understandings of nature, urging a recognition of its autonomy and complexity. The study highlights how her poems reflect an understanding of nature’s dark side, urging a shift in perspective toward coexistence and mutual respect. The findings suggest that Plath’s poetry reveals a profound ecological awareness, advocating for a more respectful and balanced relationship between humans and nature. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Plath’s ecological thought, offering new insights into her use of natural imagery as a vehicle for environmental and philosophical exploration. Through this analysis, Plath’s work is revealed as a commentary on humanity’s relationship with nature and the need for ecological consciousness in the face of environmental crises. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-on-the-natural-imagery-in-sylvia-plath-s-poems-from-the-perspective-of-dark-ecology/ Geng Yiwan https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/39IJELS-101202655-AStudy.pdf Ecolinguistics, an evolving branch of linguistics, studies the interaction between languages and the ecosystem, where practically every human action is affected by the language they choose to use. This study examines Nissim Ezekiel’s poem “Urban” through eco-linguistic lenses to explore how language constructs the human–nature relationship and produces ecological alienation within modern urban life. Although scholars have written extensively about Ezekiel’s poetry in the context of identity, urbanization, and traditions, very few have attempted to address the ecological aspects of his works. The study is based on Arran Stibbe’s (2021) model of ecolinguistics, along with insights from Halliday’s functional linguistics and Fairclough’s discourse theory. It employs qualitative textual analysis to investigate lexical choices, grammatical patterns, metaphorical framing, and evaluative language in the poem. The poem depicts urban life as repetitive, emotionally restrictive, and ecologically disconnected, reinforcing an anthropocentric worldview that normalizes environmental neglect. This study contributes to eco-linguistic scholarship by extending its application to Indian English poetry and examining ecological consciousness and environmental ideology. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-human-nature-relationship-and-alienation-in-nissim-ezekiel-s-urban-an-eco-linguistic-study/ Sadaf Bibi, Muhammad Sheraz Khan Khattak https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/40IJELS-102202626-Exploring.pdf Immigrant women traveling postcolonial diasporas experience linguistic marginalization and identity trauma with profound cognitive, social, and policy implications. The work Immigrant Women by Bharati Mukherjee depicts its main characters in a situation in which speech, silence, and memory are not mere literary devices but embodied, neurolinguistically mediated reactions to trauma. Recent studies (2023 - 2025) have not paid much attention to such intersections, and silence has been treated symbolically rather than encoded synaptically. Using a qualitative textual-neurolinguistic discourse analysis, six major immigrant testimonies were explored to reveal the signs of speech trauma, defense mechanisms of silence, and synaptic rewrite events. The neural correlates, such as inhibition of the Broca region, freeze reactions (mediated by the polyvagal), and dual-network identity schemata, were transferred to the narrative strategies, and it was shown that both silence and code-switching are dynamically activated neurocognitive survival strategies. The contemporary trauma linguistics research provided excellent methodological validation through the analytic triangulation. This paper presents a new conceptual framework, the Synaptic Self Framework, that connects literary representation and trauma-oriented neural processes and integrates postcolonial feminine critique, cognitive neuroscience, and studies of diaspora. This study extends the body of Mukherjee's analyses by considering silence as a synaptic trauma reaction and anticipating actual-world testifying in mapping PTSD-informed speech breakage, thereby offering an empirically and theoretically rigorous account. The results indicate that language is both protective and reconstructive, offering actionable insights into trauma-informed pedagogy, feminist mental health advocacy, and immigration policy, and providing a basis for further neuroliterary research. https://ijels.com/detail/speech-silence-and-the-synaptic-self-neurolinguistics-of-trauma-in-bharati-mukherjee-s-immigrant-women/ Dr. Ambreen Khanam, Dr Mohammed Ahmad Ameen Alshamiri https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/41IJELS-102202627-Speech.pdf The emergence of Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms has radically transformed the circulation, accessibility, and reception of contemporary Indian parallel cinema. Once confined to niche film festivals and limited theatrical releases, parallel films now find wider audiences through digital platforms such as Netflix, MUBI, SonyLIV, and Amazon Prime. This digital democratization has enabled filmmakers like Chaitanya Tamhane (Court, The Disciple), Anubhav Sinha (Article 15), and Rintu Thomas and Sushmit Ghosh (Writing With Fire) to reach beyond regional and linguistic barriers. OTT platforms have thus revitalized the tradition of socially engaged cinema by providing financial viability, alternative distribution networks, and a global viewership attuned to realism and critique. However, the OTT revolution carries its own contradictions. Algorithms favor content with broader appeal, often marginalizing smaller independent productions in favor of “festival-friendly” or “globally marketable” narratives. The creative autonomy once associated with parallel cinema is increasingly shaped by data-driven audience analytics and platform censorship norms. Moreover, the privatized mode of consumption—watching socially charged films within personal digital spaces—risks diminishing the collective, discursive engagement that once defined art-house and parallel movements. The commodification of dissent and the branding of “serious cinema” within subscription economies also blur the boundary between resistance and market adaptation. This paper explores these ambivalences, arguing that while OTT platforms have expanded the geography of Indian parallel cinema, they have also restructured its ideological economy. The digital space, therefore, becomes both a site of liberation and containment—a paradoxical sphere where realism circulates widely yet risks assimilation within the logic of neoliberal spectatorship. https://ijels.com/detail/digital-disruptions-the-role-and-paradox-of-ott-platforms-in-the-circulation-of-contemporary-cinema-witnessing-a-post-parallel-turn/ Sufiya Ansari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/42IJELS-102202616-Digital.pdf Mysticism is often understood as an altered state of consciousness associated primarily with religious traditions. In spite of characterizing their experiences as ineffable, mystics across traditions have persistently attempted to articulate such experiences, producing diverse textual and pedagogical forms. This paper examines two distinct modes of articulating mystical experience—spiritual and intellectual—through a comparative literary analysis of the accounts of Ramana Maharshi and Jiddu Krishnamurti. While both figures emerge from divergent spiritual trajectories, their writings reveal fundamentally different orientations toward experience and expression. Ramana Maharshi’s articulations are marked by pedagogical assurance, grounded in the authority of realization and directed toward guiding seekers. In contrast, Krishnamurti’s accounts reflect an ongoing, self-reflexive inquiry, where language functions less as instruction than as a means of understanding the experience for himself. Focusing on the selected texts of Ramana Maharshi and Jiddu Krishnamurthy the paper explores how each figure negotiates the tension between ineffability and expression. By Through the juxtaposition of these two distinct modes of articulation, the study aims to demonstrate the similarities beneath their experiences. https://ijels.com/detail/a-comparative-study-of-literary-representations-of-spiritual-and-intellectual-mysticisms/ Vikhyath S Shetty https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/43IJELS-10220263-Acomparative.pdf For many years, Kashmir has been an area characterised by political instability, ongoing conflict, and the psychological effects of extended violence. The lasting effects of trauma, the subduing of lived experiences and the normalisation of fear were created by this complex socio-psychological experience. In all this pain and misery arises an indistinct yet deep kind of resilience, the potential of both the individuals and communities to survive, adjust and even thrive in the face of ongoing marginalization. This research examines the ways in which the people of Kashmir, especially its marginalized groups, use activism, cultural expression, communal support, and resilience as coping methods to balance survival and silence. The transition of Kashmiri experience from victimhood to power is illustrated in this study, so it places this study within the major theme of “From conflict to thriving” tracing on various angles from psychology, sociology and cultural studies. It investigates resilience in the mind as a coping mechanism and an act of resistance. Resistance acts as a transforming power that proclaims humanity when confronted with demeaning situations, strengthening personal identity and preserving memories, which proves that resilience goes beyond mere courage or tolerance. Collectively, this essay discusses the politics of healing, resilience, and marginality. The paper rethinks what it means to "live" in situations of complete alienation by looking at the overlaps between community action, cultural preservation, and personal steadfastness. Kashmir remains a place of struggle, but it is also a symbol of the people's unyielding vitality and fury. https://ijels.com/detail/between-silence-and-survival-psychological-resilience-among-the-marginalized-kashmiris/ Hijiet Rafiq https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/44IJELS-10220262-Between.pdf As for research on advice pragmatics, tingquan (taking advice) is an unexplored trend, where beauty is a novel topic that abounds with intercultural responses. Although much good work has been done on sequential organization in online interactions, current studies seldom focus on sequential incoherence in advice-seeking posts, especially those in newer platforms, and lack in-depth analysis on to what extent the second pair part does not align with the first one. Drawing upon the Conversation Analytic notions of affiliation and alignment (Stivers, 2008; Stivers et al., 2011), this study chose hot tingquan-related posts from Xiaohongshu, a new leading social media and lifestyle platform in China, and aimed to examine responses to advice-seeking that do not give advice. The findings show that, while direct advice accounted for roughly a half, non-advising responses occupied a large proportion, providing encouragement, assessment, referral and related experience. Besides, while many non-advising responses aligned with the overall activity with an affiliative/neutral stance, a large number of non-aligning ones denied the validity of advice-seeking for supportive compliment and humor. Compared with replies to foreign users, replies to Chinese users were more direct and less polite, and contain more assessment, referral, and memes from the context of Chinese digital culture. To some extent, this study can shed light on tingquan as an ongoing trend. https://ijels.com/detail/non-advising-responses-to-advice-seeking-on-xiaohongshu/ Liu Yuxiao https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/45IJELS-102202623-Non-Advising.pdf This research paper examines the interrelated themes of displacement and moral belonging in Nadine Gordimer’s July’s People (1981), a narrative set amid the potential collapse of apartheid South Africa. Gordimer flips the script on the current power structures by making the white Smales family move to the rural area where their black servant, July, lives. This exposes how fragile social privilege is. Displacement in the novel doesn't just mean moving around; it also means being confused about culture, psychology, and morals. The Smales' loss of authority demonstrates that in apartheid society, race, ownership, and economic power were prioritised over mutual recognition and moral accountability. The argument asserts that Gordimer depicts belonging as an ethical construct rather than a territorial or legal framework. July's ambiguous status, simultaneously potent and constrained, illustrates the moral complexities of survival, loyalty, and freedom in a society undergoing violent transformation. The novel disrupts existing identities, forcing readers to confront challenging questions of dependence, responsibility, and the possibility of cohabitation beyond hierarchical frameworks. This work utilises meticulous textual analysis to demonstrate how July’s People challenges liberal humanism ideals and exposes the limitations of sympathy under persistent structural unfairness. The study argues that Gordimer does not offer a conciliatory view of belonging; rather, she portrays it as a contested and arduous process shaped by history, fear, and ethical considerations. The novel remains a profound exploration of how displacement can compel individuals to reassess their understanding of belonging in postcolonial contexts. https://ijels.com/detail/displacement-and-ethical-belonging-in-nadine-gordimer-s-july-s-people/ Deepika, Dr. Subhash C. Sharma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/46IJELS-102202699-Displacement.pdf The everyday of children in the contemporary digital is filled with technologically saturated environments where screens, algorithms, and immersive media shape their experiences. This epistemological and ontological paradigm shift leaves them in a state where the basic sensory experiences of curiosity and wonder are displaced by digitally mediated forms. This results in the emergence of a new subjectivity with heightened dependence on simulated experiences, and the gradual erosion of spontaneous exploration. Theoretical insights from Jean Baudrillard and Rosi Braidotti provide critical tools to understand these transformations. Jean Baudrillard’s concept of hyperreality and Rosi Braidotti’s posthuman childhood give in depth analysis of how children are engaged in constant entanglement with technological systems affecting their emotional and cognitive environment. Both the theories offer a broader perspective of the posthuman condition wherein children’s lived realities are mediated by AI-driven infrastructures that restructure their emotional landscapes and social relations. Against this backdrop, the present study examines the documentary Children 2.0 to analyse how digital ecologies and AI-mediated platforms contribute to children’s seclusion, mental vulnerability, and diminishing real-world curiosity. By situating the documentary within posthuman and hyperreality frameworks, the study aims to critically map the emerging contours of childhood in the age of artificial intelligence. https://ijels.com/detail/posthuman-childhood-loss-of-wonder-and-social-exclusion-in-the-digital-age-with-reference-to-childhood-2-0/ Nimisha F., Dr. Bindu Ann Philip https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/47IJELS-101202654-Posthuman.pdf This study set out to explore politeness use during interactions in women associations from the South West and North West Regions of Cameroon in order to reveal their functions in groups’ dynamics. The study employed a qualitative collective case study design, blended with Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Face-Saving Politeness Theory and Bales’ (1957; 1999) IPA framework to explore politeness use and it functions in two categories of predominantly women associations, comprising Biwon Self Reliance and Farmers and Traders’ Union (BSRFTU), Cameroon Gatsby Foundation (CGF), One Hand Cannot Tie a Bundle (OHCTB)- Development-Based associations, Catholic Women’s Association (CWA) and Christian Women Fellowship (CWF)—Faith-Based associations. Through purposeful and random sampling techniques and with unstructured-open-ended interviews, non-participant observation and audio-recordings, 24 events which ranged from 24 minutes to 7 hours were analysed through the latent content analysis. The findings show that in an attempt to mitigate the intensity of the ‘face damages’ of communicative acts in the realisation of the problem-solving procedure of questions, attempted answers, negative reactions and positive reactions during meeting deliberations, members of BSRFTU, CGF, CWA, CWF and OCTB hedge them with politeness strategies. A total of 6,599 strategies of politeness accompanied thought units during interactions in these women associations. 4,796 of these politeness strategies, that is 72.7% were expressed in faith-based events and 1,803 of them, a percentage of 27.3, were used in development-based events. Of the five super strategies of politeness proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987), positive politeness (PP) was the most frequently employed super strategy in the activities of these women associations. It recorded an overall percentage of 70.3; that is 4,641 strategies used, with 3541 strategies (73.8%) used in faith-based associations and 1100 strategies (60%) used in development-based associations. However, while off record politeness was also preferred in development-based associations’ events, negative politeness and bald on record were higher in faith-based associations. Don’t Do the FTA was very minimal in the two categories of associations. The majority of these politeness strategies accompanied attempted answers thought units- 2,293 strategies, that is 34.7%. 1,942 strategies, that is 29.4% accompanied positive reactions thought units, and 1,410 strategies (21.4%.) were used during negative reactions thought units. This use of politeness demonstrates that communication for members of these women groups does not only revolve around discussing issues. It also entails connecting with one another. This use of politeness during group’s events in Anglophone Cameroon women associations’ interactions reveals significant traits of women’s interaction ethics: the use of collaborative and cooperative talk to create and maintain relationships, the avoidance of criticisms or making it gentle if it could not be avoided, the avoidance of outdoing others, or putting others down, and the tendency of paying attention to others and to relationships. https://ijels.com/detail/politeness-and-women-communication-practices-in-groups-dynamics-of-anglophone-cameroon-women-associations/ Emmanuella Ekwelle Esunge Ewane https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/48IJELS-10220269-Politeness.pdf Rapid urbanization in India has led to the expansion of slum settlements marked by overcrowding, inadequate housing, poor sanitation, water scarcity, and limited access to healthcare services. These conditions collectively pose serious threats to the health and well-being of slum dwellers. The study employs a descriptive and analytical research design using primary data collected from 500 households through structured questionnaires. Major indicators analyzed include prevalence of vaccination coverage, maternal and child health practices, substance use, and social exclusion. Findings reveal that poor sanitation, open drainage, and water scarcity significantly contribute to the spread of waterborne and vector-borne diseases. Although polio vaccination coverage is universal, immunization for pneumonia and hepatitis remains inadequate, reflecting gaps in awareness and healthcare outreach. While institutional deliveries have increased due to government schemes, a substantial proportion of home births persists, exposing mothers and infants to avoidable risks. Economic vulnerability forces most households to depend on government hospitals, self-medication, or traditional healers, often delaying timely treatment. Alarmingly, nearly 45 percent of households reported fatalities due to financial constraints in accessing healthcare. Substance use, particularly tobacco and alcohol, is widespread, further aggravating health and economic stress. Poverty and unemployment emerged as the most critical challenges, underpinning poor housing, food insecurity, and health outcomes. The study underscores the need for integrated urban health policies focusing on strengthened primary healthcare, improved sanitation and water infrastructure, nutrition security, substance-abuse intervention, and inclusive social support systems. https://ijels.com/detail/a-study-of-health-conditions-and-socio-economic-challenges-among-urban-slum-dwellers-in-sonipat-city/ Richa, Dr. Sunita Yadav https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/49IJELS-101202699-AStudy.pdf The Keezhvenmani massacre of 1968 stands as a tragic testament to the brutal intersection of caste and class oppression in rural Tamil Nadu, where 44 Dalit agricultural labourers, including children, were burned alive during a wage protest. This paper explores the dual processes of erasure and resistance surrounding the massacre’s memory, focusing on how mainstream media and official narratives systematically silenced or diluted the caste-based nature of the violence. Early reportage framed the incident as a mere labour dispute or law-and-order issue, omitting crucial caste dimensions and thus perpetuating the invisibility of Dalit suffering. In contrast, this study highlights how oral histories, folk songs, and street theatre have preserved the subaltern voices of survivors and their communities, embodying a form of Dalit aesthetics that reclaims memory through storytelling and cultural expression. By analyzing archival news coverage alongside these grassroots narratives, the paper demonstrates how the Keezhvenmani tragedy was erased from dominant public consciousness but survived and continues to inspire resistance through cultural memory. This case study underscores the importance of recognizing oral histories and artistic expression as powerful tools for marginalized communities to contest erasure and assert their identity and agency. Ultimately, the paper argues that the Keezhvenmani massacre is not only a historical event but also a living memory that challenges us to confront ongoing caste injustices and the politics of representation in media and culture. https://ijels.com/detail/erasure-and-resistance-in-the-memory-of-the-keezhvenmani-massacre/ Chendhana V https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/50IJELS-101202611-Erasure.pdf This review critically examines Mahesh Elkunchwar’s play Reflection through a socio-cultural lens, highlighting the interplay between individual psychology, family dynamics, and broader societal structures. The study situates the play within the context of modern Indian theatre, emphasizing how Elkunchwar negotiates the tensions between tradition and modernity, generational conflicts, and shifting cultural values. By analyzing the social, cultural, and psychological dimensions of the characters, the review underscores the ways in which the play reflects contemporary issues such as identity crises, moral dilemmas, and the erosion of traditional social frameworks. Additionally, the review engages with scholarly critiques, audience responses, and socio-political debates surrounding the play, demonstrating its relevance to both literary discourse and social commentary. Ultimately, Reflection is positioned as a significant work that bridges individual experience with collective societal realities, offering insights into the evolving nature of Indian middle-class consciousness and the role of theatre in cultural critique. https://ijels.com/detail/a-socio-cultural-perspective-in-mahesh-elkunchwar-s-play-reflection-a-detailed-review/ Jyoti Dashrath Hase https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/51IJELS-102202638-ASocio.pdf Language is the utmost important tool humans use to express their thoughts, emotions, and ideas. In literature, language is not just a means of communication but also a mode to outline culture, society, and personal identity. Media plays a crucial role in influencing how language is used and understood. This paper explores how media both as a material form and a cultural force shaped the evolution of modern Bengali language through a comparative reading of Rabindranath Tagore's The Exercise Book and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's Anandamath. By foregrounding the close, fragmented writings of a young girl in Tagore's work and the print-driven nationalist discourse in Bankim's novel, the research highlights how different media environments produce distinct linguistic practices. Tagore's use of personal notebooks reflects an emergent, self-fashioning modern subjectivity, while Bankim's visit with episodic print culture drives the formation of a united discussed Bengali prose. The analysis further argues that the transition from handwritten to print media transformed not only modes of storytelling but also reshaped notions of circulation, identity, and linguistic adjustment. Whereas The Exercise Book captures the fluidity and multiplicity of everyday language, Anandamath evidences how print capitalism facilitated the consolidation of one national language for ideological ends. Jointly, these texts unfold the complex interplay between media technologies and the making of modern Bengali linguistic consciousness. https://ijels.com/detail/media-and-the-creation-of-modern-language-a-study-of-tagore-s-the-exercise-book-and-bankim-chandra-chattopadhyay-s-anandamath/ Shivanand Bande, Shrujala R https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/52IJELS-102202613-Media.pdf The paper explores the interplay between the place and psyche in fictional characters, analysing select individuals to demonstrate a profound relationship between the environment and character. The study reveals how settings shape identities, influence emotions and inform behaviours, underscoring the notion that place profoundly impacts the human experience. https://ijels.com/detail/place-psyche-and-narrative-unfolding-the-relationship-between-geography-and-human-psyche-in-sarah-joseph-s-gift-in-green/ Dr Riya Susan Scariah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/53IJELS-102202610-Place.pdf Playwright Girish Karnad is highly respected in India for his depictions of characters navigating the complexities of Indian society. Even though Karnad's writings have received a lot of scholarly attention, the complex way in which he portrays female characters in his works is still a fascinating but little-studied subject. This study examines the various ways in which women are portrayed in Karnad's selected plays. The article identifies reoccurring patterns, and representations of characters that define Karnad's depiction of female figures through close textual analysis of The Fire and the Rain and Naga-Mandala. https://ijels.com/detail/pattern-of-female-characterization-in-girish-karnad-s-the-fire-and-the-rain-and-naga-mandala/ Immanuvel Premkumar P., Jyotshna Tiwari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/54IJELS-10220267-Pattern.pdf The moment we pronounce the names of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, the great epics of India, the great female characters like Kunti, Draupadi, Gandhari, Sita, Kaushalya, Sumitra, and Kaikeyi come to mind. It is said that many other female characters are no less important than they are, but they have not been given due place in retellings. Some contemporary Indian writers have begun giving voice to them in their retellings of The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. Kavita Kané is one of them, a fiction writer who gives lesser-known female characters a modern look in her retellings. Her keen interest lies in exposing these marginalised women characters, who have been largely unsung in Indian texts and creative writings. The present paper is based on Kavita Kané's The Fisher Queen's Dynasty, focusing on the character of Satyavati, the second wife of King Shantanu, the grand matriarch of the Kuru dynasty, and the first queen to rule Hastinapur, whose ambition is believed to have sparked the great war of Kurukshetra. Kané examines the black-and-white image of Satyavati in the Mahabharata and presents her as a grey character, referred to as the Fisher Queen. She hatches a graph of her journey from an abandoned fisher-girl child to the great matriarch of Hastinapur. She re-creates her personality as an assertive, sensible, courageous, and clearheaded woman who uses men's power to find her individuality in a male-oriented world and presents herself as an equal to men. The present paper deals with Satyavati, whose sharp wit and farsightedness subsequently shape the course of events and her destiny. It deconstructs the conventional image of Satyavati as a woman. It highlights her as a diplomatic, unapologetic, and bold woman, encompassing various roles such as daughter, wife, mother, and Queen. https://ijels.com/detail/satyavati-as-a-new-woman-in-kavita-kan-s-the-fisher-queen-s-dynasty/ Dr. Shivani https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/55IJELS-102202617-Satyavati.pdf In the period of 1960s, in France, the Poststructuralism was emerged having the ideology to question the binary opposition and semantics. The core idea of the Structuralism which was based on these two pillars, hereby confronted before the intellectuals who staunchly adhered the concept of plurality of a given text. Poststructuralists argued that the meaning that derived from a word or symbol, can be various according to the context depending upon the situation. Therefore, the meaning of a word or text must be sought out of the relevant intention of the given context, not by limited or fixed to the binary opposition or semantics. The concept of the arbitrariness of a language was replicated on the anthropological, philosophical, psychological and sociological perspectives separately in order to examine with extensive and inclusive practices. The ‘real’ meaning is arbitrary according to the exponents of this theory. By keeping that theoretical approach on the foreground, this paper aims to take a fantasy trilogy named, Princess Academy, written by Shannon Hale, as a primary text to present the societal context where the author has given narratives tinged with poststructuralist dimension. The characters and the plot those are posited with 21st century feminist point of view, found quite adequate for the descriptive research in the field of women’s role in a society through diversity and inclusion. Moreover, it is very significant to put a paradigm as deconstructing the patriarchal narratives and concept of liberation. Shannon Hale’s trilogy, Princess Academy has plotted so many characters, but for the particular scenario of the research, this article has taken only few of the female characters in the forefront to make a possible representation in the above-mentioned objective. https://ijels.com/detail/an-analysis-of-hale-s-narrative-in-debunking-social-norms-and-maxims-the-poststructuralist-element-in-princess-academy/ Dr. Tuhin Subhra Nag https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/56IJELS-102202628-Ananalysis.pdf Love and war are two evergreen subject matters whose significance transcends literature. These two themes are major thematic preoccupations of several novelists, playwrights and poets in literary works from different parts of the globe. Previous studies on Akachi-Adimora Ezeigbo’s Roses and Bullets have examined it as war literature as it is a representative example of Nigerian novels which are inspired by the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970). This study was, therefore, designed to critically evaluate the treatment of love and war in the novel with a view to filling the gap in literary scholarship of the paucity of studies which have concurrently analysed the motifs of love and war in the novel. Radical feminism was adopted as the theoretical framework. The interpretive design was employed. Akachi-Adimora Ezeigbo’s Roses and Bullets was subjected to literary analysis. The novelist makes the point that during war-fares, people still manage to fall in love and out of love. The intensity of war cannot prevent people from expressing their innate feelings of love, and even getting married. In the novel, war meets ordinary people like Ginika, Eloka, and Nwakire, disrupting their personal plans. Conditional love and dysfunctional love such as love between Ginika and her father, Eloka’s mother and Ginika, and Auntie Lizzy and Ginika are all demonstrated. The study makes the point the themes of love and war are so glaring in Adimora-Ezeigbo’s Roses and Bullets that studying them concurrently is a rewarding literary enterprise. https://ijels.com/detail/love-and-war-nexus-in-akachi-adimora-ezeigbo-s-roses-and-bullets/ Oso Olusola Olasunkanmi https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/57IJELS-110202410-Love.pdf Drama is a living experience that gets its vibrancy on the theatre itself. Although drama, like other literary genres, is also a medium of linguistic expression, and being worded, the expressive power of language will be given as much importance to it as in a story or novel, but even if it is worded, it cannot be called empty literature. Being interactive, the verbal element (interactive language) becomes the main element in the play. The play reaches from creator to director, from director to actor and from actor to audience, and in this journey, (theatrical) language plays most important role. On this platform the uniqueness, originality, complexity every aspect of the play starts to become apparent. In this context, the concept of theatrical language becomes important, because it is the theatre that communicates the play to the observer through various colour devices. In this research paper, an attempt has been made to understand the relationship and psychology of characters in the context of the codes, signs and monolithic phonemes contained in theatrical language and their social pragmatics in the play ‘Aashadh ka Ek Din’. An attempt has been made to analyze the meaning, sound and effect hidden in the dialogues of theatrical language. https://ijels.com/detail/pragmatic-expression-in-aashadh-ka-ek-din-in-context-of-communicability-of-theatrical-language/ Dr. Meena Kumari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/58IJELS-10220264-Pragmatic.pdf This paper intends to study politics of Nationalism, representation and control in India during COVID pandemic. It will express how this pandemic time give state an opportunity of control and a new narrative of Nationalism. By analysing, selective short stories of Udayan Mukherjee, this research will find different layers of control to hide it’s failure to fulfil the basic needs. Using Louis Althussar’s theories of Ideological State Apparatus, Repressive State Apparatus, Base and Superstructures, the paper will search, how a new image of India emerges to people’s mind. This research will explore the identities like, Dom community, Migrant Workers, Local Vendors, and house maids etc. https://ijels.com/detail/birth-of-new-nationalism-politics-of-control-during-the-covid-19-lockdown-in-the-selective-short-stories-of-udayan-mukherjee/ Suman Halder https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/59IJELS-10220268-Birth.pdf Human beings are considered to be the offsprings of nature but this relation is paradoxical in my point of view. Though people argue that they love nature they are filled with direst cruelty. Nature and natural resources are mostly harmed by the human agencies. So, human day to day activities are more like an anathema to the mother nature. The mass destruction of the mother nature is serving as a global problem now a days. Amidst all these destructive forces Santal Community people are doing their best to preserve the nature. They are born and brought up in the lap of nature. Nature is worshipped and celebrated by these people whom we term as marginalized communities and think they are obsolete. The paper examines the Santhal communities’ nature centered worldviews, practices and folk knowledge that majorly serves as living system of conservation. In addition, the paper also argues that Santhal ecological custodianship is neither romantic nostalgia nor a static tradition but an adaptable, collective governance ethic that persists despite systemic pressure. https://ijels.com/detail/santhal-community-the-nature-preserving-souls-amidst-the-cruel-human-destructive-forces/ Avishek Manna https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/60IJELS-102202621-Santhal.pdf Competitive examinations are frequently presented as meritocratic and linguistically neutral. However, sociolinguistic scholarship demonstrates that such systems are embedded within hierarchies of language and cultural capital. This study investigates how linguistic transition and symbolic power shape the experiences of Indigenous (Scheduled Tribe) aspirants preparing for India’s Civil Services Examination. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital and postcolonial language scholarship, the article analyzes qualitative data collected from 42 aspirants enrolled in a state-supported residential coaching institution in southern India. Findings reveal that linguistic disadvantage operates as structural misalignment between aspirants’ embodied linguistic habitus and the dominant academic register privileged in elite examinations. The study argues that competitive recruitment functions as a site of linguistic gatekeeping that reproduces social stratification, even within affirmative action frameworks. By situating bureaucratic examinations within language and identity scholarship, the article contributes to understanding how institutional language norms regulate access to state power in multilingual societies. https://ijels.com/detail/language-cultural-capital-and-competitive-examinations-indigenous-aspirants-and-the-linguistic-politics-of-state-bureaucratic-recruitment-in-india/ Dr. P. Sharadha https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/61IJELS-102202624-Language.pdf This paper explores the intersection of indigenous representation, ecological ethics, and digital preservation through a close reading of Pankaj Sekhsaria’s The Last Wave: An Island Novel (2014). Set in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the novel subtly engages with the lives of the Jarawa tribe, an indigenous community historically marginalized in state archives and media narratives. Rather than fictionalizing the Jarawa’s voice, Sekhsaria foregrounds their presence through silence, gesture, and ecological attunement, modeling a form of ethical narrative restraint. This literary silence mirrors a broader archival erasure, where indigenous voices are excluded or distorted by colonial and postcolonial documentation systems. Drawing on theories from Digital Humanities, postcolonial thought, and critical archival studies, the paper argues that Digital Humanities can offer transformative tools to counteract these silences, if they are applied with decolonial ethics. It proposes the idea of a decolonial digital archive that centers indigenous agency, respects orality and refusal, and resists extractive knowledge practices. The paper suggests that annotated editions of The Last Wave, combined with GIS-based cultural mapping and audio/visual platforms, could serve as ethical gateways to indigenous knowledge, without appropriating or essentializing it. https://ijels.com/detail/digital-archives-and-indigenous-silence-reimagining-the-jarawa-through-pankaj-sekhsaria-s-the-last-wave/ Md Shahazadi Begum https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/62IJELS-102202614-Digital.pdf The pedagogical validity of translation in EFL teaching has been contested since the emergence of the Direct Method, causing its marginalisation in mainstream language education. This article investigates some of the main arguments that led to the exclusion of translation in EFL pedagogies. Typically, it questions the assumption that translation is exclusively useful in the training of professional translators. It also examines the extent to which translation contributes to the development of the language learners’ linguistic and metalinguistic competencies, as well as its ability to facilitate cross-cultural understanding. To address those issues, this study adopts a quantitative research design and draws on data collected through a questionnaire administered to Moroccan CPGE teachers of English, eliciting their perceptions and reported practices regarding the use of translation in EFL teaching. The statistical analysis of the responses suggests that translation is perceived as helpful in the development of the learners’ linguistic, metalinguistic, and communicative competencies. The findings indicate that, rather than superseded, translation can be employed as a legitimate instructional practice within language education, thereby challenging its exclusion from language teaching methodologies. https://ijels.com/detail/arguments-for-reinstalling-translation-in-the-foreign-language-teaching-classroom-insights-from-cpge-english-teachers-in-morocco/ Anwar Benmoqadem, Houda Bouabdellah https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/63IJELS-102202630-Arguments.pdf The parallels and variations between discourses in the form of a novel, a short story, and a short film with the shared theme and characters from the legendary story Ahalya, an excerpt from The Ramayana, sparked this study. The originality of these works that observed the hipogram (prior literary works) was deemed greater in this study. Intertextuality, on the other hand, is essentially a study of an author's level of originality in creating a new literary work after reading earlier literary works. The purpose of this study was to describe intertextuality in terms of similarities and differences as seen through the lens of expansion and alteration. This study was a qualitative investigation with a descriptive method. The findings of this study revealed that the hipograms (the tale of Ahalya) have an intertextuality relationship with the epic Ramayana by Valmiki and are viewed from the perspective of feminism. https://ijels.com/detail/ahalya-the-enigma-of-purity-and-pollution-intertextuality-between-valmiki-s-ahalya-and-other-ahalyas/ Dr. Jayashree Premkumar Shet https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/64IJELS-102202643-Ahalya.pdf The present paper explores the writing technique and style while drawing on the insights from other renowned writers, including Annie Dillard, Orhan Pamuk, Amitava Kumar, William Faulkner, Deborah Isenberg, Philip Roth, and Henry James. Derived from his fiction and essays, Chee’s perspectives on writing present personal yet instructive view of the writing process. By placing his approach alongside these literary figures, this study examines how writing serves both as an art and as a way of exploring the self. Themes such as, identity, political consciousness, memory and the relationship between fact and fiction are central to this paper. The paper illustrates how Chee’s style corresponds with and differs from these writers. On the whole, the paper attempts to shed a light on how the integration of these writers’ ideas can inform contemporary writing practices. https://ijels.com/detail/exploring-the-writing-craft-alexander-chee-s-writing-style-and-insights-from-other-writer/ Parminder Kaur https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/65IJELS-102202652-Exploring.pdf The development of e-learning tools and Learning Management System (LMS) has offered considerable opportunities to teachers to increase student engagement and academic achievement and course satisfaction. Despite the fact that blended learning (BL) is a commonly used method in teaching the English language all over the world, its implementation in the Indian context of higher education is relatively new. Due to the changing technological and pedagogical needs, the colleges and universities in India are now adopting the use of information and communication technologies to come up with more efficient pedagogical approaches. This paper examines the perceptions and attitudes of students towards blended learning and the effects of blended learning, as well as its influence on the performance of the English language. A quantitative research approach was used, and the data collection was carried out by means of an online survey among 40 students of the MIT ADT University, India. The results show that students have rather positive attitudes to blended learning, and its application can be regarded as a factor that promotes positively the process of English language teaching and learning. This study thus contributes to the existing knowledge on blended learning practices in Indian higher education and promotes further adoption of blended learning models in Indian higher education to improve the effectiveness of instruction and student achievement. https://ijels.com/detail/the-impact-perceptions-and-attitudes-toward-learning-english-through-a-blended-learning-approach/ Surbhi M Sharma, Dr. Atul Patil https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/66IJELS-102202648-TheImpact.pdf This paper examines the emancipatory potential of education in dismantling caste-based oppression through a subaltern reading of Yendluri Sudhakar’s poem “An Autobiography.” It explores the historical evolution of caste stratification in India and foregrounds the lived realities of Dalit communities whose socio-economic and cultural marginalization has persisted despite constitutional guarantees of equality. While several regressive practices such as sati and child marriage have been legally abolished, caste discrimination continues in both rural and urban spaces, often manifesting in violent practices like honour killings. Through Sudhakar’s autobiographical reflections, this paper argues that education becomes a transformative instrument enabling Dalits to reclaim dignity, identity, and intellectual space within mainstream discourse. https://ijels.com/detail/education-as-emancipation-a-subaltern-reading-of-yendluri-sudhakar-s-an-autobiography/ Jaswa Jebaraj A https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/67IJELS-102202646-Education.pdf This paper explores the representation of patriarchy and gender in Where There’s a Will, analyzing how Dattani uses character dynamics, narrative structure, and dialogue to criticize traditional gender roles and inheritance practices. It also considers the broader socio-cultural implications of the play, situating it within the context of feminist and postcolonial discourses in Indian English literature. It is a poignant dramatization of patriarchy and gender in an Indian family setting. Through its dark humour and restrained dialogue, the play vividly portrays how patriarchal structures suppress women’s voices and autonomy even after death. Hasmukh Mehta, the patriarch, whose power controls every member of his family because of his will, is at the heart of the play. Using the narrative technique, Dattani demonstrates how patriarchy transcends physical presence. https://ijels.com/detail/patriarchy-and-gendered-subalternity-in-mahesh-dattani-s-where-there-s-a-will/ Purnima Gupta, Dr Shashikala Vishwakarma https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/68IJELS-102202632-Patriarchy.pdf Trevor Griffiths (b. 1935), a key figure in British political theatre from a Northern working-class milieu, leveraged drama to advance leftist causes, educate audiences, and challenge capitalist structures. Influenced by the 1968 upheavals alongside peers like David Hare, Howard Brenton, David Edgar, and John McGrath, Griffiths spanned genres including stage, television, film, and radio. His 1982 play Oi for England, premiered at the Royal Court Theatre, dissects the rise of working-class youth subcultures—specifically skinheads—in post-war Britain. It portrays their dual role as resistors to dominant culture and unwitting victims of fascist exploitation amid 1980s socio-economic crises. This expanded analysis elucidates Griffiths' nuanced depiction of youth counter-culture, ideological fractures within skinhead groups, the instrumentalization of "Oi!" music, and the pervasive politics of racism under Thatcherism. By weaving historical context with dramatic technique, the paper argues that Griffiths employs theatre as a diagnostic tool for class struggle and cultural resistance. https://ijels.com/detail/oi-music-as-resistance-youth-subcultures-in-griffiths-post-war-drama/ Dr. Jayalakshmi B. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/69IJELS-102202635-OiMusic.pdf This paper re-evaluates the pedagogical urgency of integrating the educational philosophy of Sri Aurobindo into contemporary academic systems across disciplines. In an era characterized by disciplinary fragmentation, utilitarian curricula, and an instrumental conception of knowledge, Sri Aurobindo’s Integral Education offers a philosophically coherent and ethically grounded alternative. Rooted in a multidimensional anthropology encompassing the physical, vital, mental, psychic, and spiritual planes, his thought reconceives curriculum as the progressive evolution of consciousness rather than mere cognitive or vocational training. Education, in this framework, becomes an integrative process that harmonizes intellectual development with inner growth and character formation. The paper argues that selected writings—particularly The Life Divine, The Synthesis of Yoga, and his essays on education—should be integrated into foundational curricula across disciplines, not as doctrinal imposition but as intellectual necessity. These works articulate a unifying epistemic vision capable of bridging the sciences, humanities, and professional studies by situating knowledge within ethical responsibility, self-mastery, and collective evolution. By foregrounding consciousness as the ground of inquiry and character as the aim of education, Sri Aurobindo advances a cross-disciplinary paradigm that addresses value-neutral technocracy and the alienation of learning from lived experience. Compulsory engagement with his core texts, the paper concludes, can cultivate integrative thinking and transformative learning essential for sustaining both academic excellence and civilizational balance in the twenty-first century. https://ijels.com/detail/consciousness-character-and-curriculum-the-cross-disciplinary-imperative-of-sri-aurobindo-s-educational-thought/ Subhra Souranshu Pujahari https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/70IJELS-102202635-Consciousness.pdf This paper will provide a critical examination of how India which is although rich in culture, societal values, customs and tradition can also be peripheral and subjugated which frequently gives birth to different forms of violence resulting in the exploitation of the female subject and erasing their individual self. By analyzing the two selected novels, The Moth Eaten Howdah of the Tusker and The Dowry Bride, this paper delves into the mechanisms constantly used to exploit the ‘marginalized’ sections within the realm of gender politics. https://ijels.com/detail/a-delineation-of-subjugated-and-peripheral-culture-in-india-a-comparative-study-of-selected-novels-by-indira-goswami-and-shobhan-bantwal/ Luzana Borgohain https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/71IJELS-102202640-ADelineation.pdf